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V
HISTORY
OF
THE CATHOLIC CHURCH
IN INDIANA.
IN TWO VOLUMES.
VOLUME I.
ILLUSTRATED^
Edited and Compiled by Col. Charles Blanciiard.
LOGANSPORT. IXD.
A. W. BOWEN & CO.
1898.
FROM THE PRESS OF WILSON, HUMPHREYS & CO.,
FOURTH ST., LOGANSPORT, IND.
PRBFACE.
HE Publishers offer this history of the CathoHc Church in
Indiana, two volumes, to the public, but especially to the
Catholics of the state, conscious that while it may not
prove to be all that might have been expected, it is never-
theless meritorious in that through much labor and research a
degree of completeness and exactness has been attained.
Nothing of great importance has been overlooked or minimized
nor has any considerable number of lesser matters been either
neglected or exaggerated. Facts and events are eloquent even
when simply narrated, and they are argumentative, too, when pre-
sented in the relation of cause and effect. As. set forth in this
history they tell of a Providence that directs the affairs of the church
and bids Christians hope for the increase of the kingdom of God
on earth.
Being connected even as instruments in the furtherance of
these things — -a great distinction when properly considered — may
we not indulge the hope also that our labors may meet with the
approval and receive the substantial support of those in whose
interests they have been performed ?
The history proper was prepared by Mr. M. W. Carr, of
Indianapolis, and Rev. Bonaventure Hammer, of LaFayette, ably
assisted by Very Rev. Chancellor Denis O'Donaghue, rector of St.
Patrick's church. Indianapolis. The parochial sketches, mentions
(iil)
PREFACE.
of educational institutions and biographies were written by others,
prominent among whom we may mention Prof. James F. Edwards,
of the university of Notre Dame, Rev. H. Meissner, of the church
of St. Charles Borromeo, Peru, and the \'ery Rev. M. E. Campion,
of the church of St. Vincent de Paul, Logansport.
We also acknowledge our indebtedness for valuable assistance
to the clergy of the state, and especially to the right reverend bishops
of Indianapolis and Ft. Wayne, whose generous letters of approval
and commendation are here appended.
A. W. BOWEX lS: Co.,
Logansport, December, 1898. Publishers.
LETTERS OF APPROVAL AND COMMENDATION BV RKiHT REV. BISHOPS CHATARD
AND RADEMACHER.
A. W. BOWEN & Co.
Dear Sirs:—
Having been informed that you contemplate publishing a
history of the Catholic Church in Indiana, and on a plan which promises to be of
value, from exact statistical information from authentic sources, I hereby express
my best wishes for your success. Yours faithfully,
t F. S. CHATARD,
Indianapolis, P'ebruary 18, 18!'7. Bih/iop of Vincennes.
A. \V. BowEN & Co.
Dear Sirs: —
* * * I, therefore, take pleasure in giving my cordial approbation to
your project, and in recommending it to the liberal patronage of our people. With
sentiments of sincere esteem, Yours respectfully,
t JOS. RADEMACHER,
Ft. Wayne, July 23, 1897. Bishop of Fort Wayne.
(iv)
OOIMTTH^NT^S— VOI^. I
PAGES
Chapter I.— Preliminary Reflections — St. Brendan, an Irish Monk, the
First Discoverer ot America — The Country Cathohc by Discovery
— Exploration and Christianization 21-30
Chapter II.— Obstacles to the Spread of Catholicity in the United States
— British Penal Laws follow Catholics to America — Catholics vs. Pro-
testants for Liberty of Conscience 31-41
Chapter III.— Early Pastors— Papal Bull Creating the Diocese of V'in-
cennes — Consecration and Installation of Bishop Brute — His First
Pastoral Letter 42-60
Chapter VI. — Administration of Bishop de la Hailandiere, Second Bishop
of Vincennes — The First Diocesan Synod — The Bishop's Resignation
— His Death — Bishop Bazin's Short Reign 61-74
Chapter V.— Right Rev. Maurice de St. Palais, Fourth Bishop of \'in-
cennes — State of the Diocese in 1849 — The Bishop's Labors and their
Rich Rewards — His Death and Characteristics 75-90
Chapter VI.— Right Rev. Francis Silas Chatard, Fifth Bishop of Vincennes
— His Consecration, Reception and Installation — Twenty years of
Progress — Diocese of Indianapolis 93-105
Chapter Vll.—Sketch of Right Rev. Francis Silas Chatard, Fifth Bishop
of the Diocese of Vincennes, now the Diocese of Indianapolis — His
First Pastoral Letter Sent from Rome 106-115
Chapter VIII. — Extracts from Bishop Chatard's Lectures on Very Impor-
tant Subjects which will be found both Instructive and Edifying for
both Catholics and non-Catholics 116-131
Chapter IX.— Diocese of Fort Wayne— Early Times— Fathers Claude
Allouez, Adrian Grelon, Lewis Hennepin — LaSalle, the Explorer —
Father Stephen Theodore Badin — The Diocese of Bardstown, Ky.,
etc 132-150
Chapter X.— The Deceased Bishops — John Henry Luers — His Life and
Services — Joseph Dwenger and his Long Administration 151-178
(7)
CONTENTS — VOL. I.
PAGfiS
Chapter XI. — The present Bishop of Fort Wayne — The Right Rev. Bishop
Rademacher, D. D. — His Admirable Administration 181-189
Chapter XII.— The Deceased Vicars-General of Fort Wayne Diocese —
Julian Benoit— Joseph Henry Brammer 190-217
Chapter XIII. — The Catholic Churches in the .State of Indiana — The
Priests in Charge and their Congregations — Historical and Statistical
Facts 218 481
Chapter XIV. — Bishop Brute, the Father of Free-school Education in
Indiana — Catholic Education and Parochial Schools 482-535
Chapter XV. — The Higher Order of Catholic Educational Institutions of
Indiana — Academies, Colleges, Universities, etc 536-581
Chapter XVI. — Monasteries, Convents and other Catholic religious houses
in the State of Indiana 582-604
Chapter XVII.^Catholic Charities — Hospitals,Orphanages and other elee-
mosynary Institutions in the State 605-615
Chapter XVII (continued). — Catholic Sodalities and Fraternal Organiza-
tions— Ancient Order of Hibernians — Catholic Knights of America —
American Sons of Columbus — Catholic Benevolent Legion — Young
Men's Institute 616-652
Chapter XVIII. — The Spanish Inquisition not a Church Institution but a
State Court — Falsehoods and Misrepresentations Published by
so-called Historians 652-673
Chapter XIX. — Retrospect, Summary andConclusion — The Spiritual, Edu-
cational and Material Progress of the Catholic Church in the State of
Indiana 674-680
(vi)
i]mob:?c— voi^. I
Allouez, Father Claude. . 132-135-137
Annalists. The 25
Radin, Rev. S. T., Biography.. . . 143
Badin, Death of Father 148
Balboa, Discoverer of the Pacific
Ocean 30
Bazin, Administration of Bishop
Johns 70
Bazin, Biography of Bishop John
S. 73
Bazin, Consecration of Bishop
John S 68
Benoit, Biography of Right Rev.
Julian, V. G \ 190
Benoit, Builder of Fort Wayne
Cathedral 196
Benoit, Confirmed Vicar-General 197
Benoit, Death of Vicar-General.. 201
Benoit, Early Labors of Father. . 193
Benoit, Eulogy by Bishop Dwen-
ger 204
Benoit, Indians' Affection for. . . . 195
Benoit, Investiture of Father. . . . 198
Bessonies, Very Rev. Aug., Ad-
dress of Welcome to Bishop
Chatard by 96
Bessonies, Very Rev. Aug., Ap-
pointed Administrator of the
Diocese of Vincennes 80
Bessonies, Right Rev. Mgr., Ap-
pointed Domestic Prelate to the
Pope 104
Bessonies, Aug. Golden Jubilee of 105
Brammer, Biography of Very
Rev. Joseph H 212
Brammer, Death of 217
Brammer, Founder of St. Vincent
de Paul Society at Fort Wayne 216
Brammer's Personal Characteris-
tics 215
Brandon Hill, Ireland, the See
founded by St. Brendan 28
Brendan, Saint, Discoverer of
America 21
Brut^, Appointment of Bishop . . . 142
Brute, Biography of 59
Brutii, Death and Burial of Bish-
op 59
Brute's Educational Enterprises. 58
Brute's F^irst Pastoral Letter 51
Brute's First Pontifical Mass at
Vincennes 55
Brute's Travel of Inspection
through Half his Diocese 56
Carroll, Bishop, Thoughts on Re-
ligious Enfranchisement 85
Cartier and Champlain, P^rench
Explorers of Canada 30
Cathedral, Erection of the Fort
Wayne 161
Catholic Churches of Indiana... 218
Anderson township, Perry coun-
ty—St. Mark's 218
Albion, Noble county — Sacred
Heart 218
Anderson, Madison county —
St. Mary's 219
Auburn, De Kalb county — Im-
maculate Conception 220
Aurora, Dearborn county — Im-
maculate Conception 221
Avilla, Noble county — Assump-
tion of the B. V. M 228
Barr township, Daviess county
-St. Mary's 224
Batesville, Ripley county— St.
Louis' 225
Besancon, Allen county — St.
Louis' 225
Bloomington, Monroe county —
St. Charles Borromeo 226
Bradford, Harrison county —
St. Michael's 227
Brazil, Clay county — Annunci-
ation 229
Bremen, Marshall county — St.
Dominic's 230
Brightwood, M.irion coun'y — •
St. Francis de Sales' 230
Brookville, Franklin county —
St. Michael's 232
(vii)
INDEX — VOL. I.
Brownsbur^, Hendricks county
— St. Malachy's 266
Cambridtre City, Wayne coun-
ty -St. Elizabeth's 233
Cannelton, Perry county— St.
Michael's -^'^
Cedar Grove, P>anklin county
—Holy Guardian Angels'. 236
Celestine, Dubois county— St.
Peter's Ccelestin 237
Columbus, Bartholomew coun-
ty—St. Bartholomew's 239
Connersville. Fayette county—
St. Gabriel's 240
Covington, Fountain county—
St. Joseph's 241
Crawfordsville, Montgomery
county— St. Bernard's.... 242
Crown Point, Lake county—
St. Mary's • •■. 242
Daviess county, Churches in. . 243
Decatur, Adams county— St.
M ary 's 249
Dover, Dearborn county — St.
John the Baptist's . . 251
Dubois county— St. Anthony's. 252
St. Henry's 253
Dyer, Lake county— St. Jo-
seph's 254
Earl Park, Benton county— St.
John the Baptist's 254
Ege, Noble county— Immacu-
late Conception 254
Elkhart, PLlkhart county— St.
Vincent de Paid 255
Elwood, Madison county— St.
Joseph's 257
Enochsburg, Franklin county
— St. John's 258
Evansville, Vanderburg coun-
ty—Assumption 258
Holy Trinity 261
St. Marv's 264
St. Boniface's 265
Sacred Heart '^^68
St. Anthony's 270
Ferdinand, Dubois county— St.
Ferdinand's 273
Floyd's Knobs, Floyd county
—St. Mary's Assumption.. 274
Fort Wayne, Allen county-
Immaculate Conception.. . 274
Mother of God 276
St. Paul's 279
St. Peter's 280
St. Patrick's 281
Frankfort, Clinton county— St.
Mary's 282
Frenchtown, Harrison county
—St. Bernard's 283
P'ulda, Spencer county— St.
I^oniface's 284
Fulton county— St. Ann's 286
Garrett, De Kalb county— SS.
Peter and Paul's 285
Goshen, Elkhart county— St.
John's 287
Greenca.stle, Putnam county—
St. Paul the Apostle 289
Greensburg, Decatur county—
St. Mary's 291
Hamburg, Franklin county—
St. Ann's 291
Hammond, Lake county— St.
Joseph's 292
St. Casimer's (Polish) 292
Hanover Center, Lake county
—St. Martin's 293
Hartford City, Blackford coun-
ty— St. John the Evan-
gelist's 294
Haubstadt,Gibson county— SS.
Peter and Paul 295
Henryville, Dubois county— St.
Francis Xavier 295
Hesse Cassel, Allen county—
St. Joseph's 296
Hobart, Lake county— St. Brid-
get's 296
Huntingburg, Dubois county-
Visitation B. V. M 297
Huntington, Huntington coun-
ty—St. Mary's 298
SS. Peter and Paul's 300
Indianapolis, Marion county-
Assumption 303
St. Anthony's 303
St. Bridget's 304
Sacred Heart of Jesus 305
St. John's 313
St. Joseph's 315
St Mary's 317
St. Patrick's 320
Ireland, Dubois county— St.
Mary's 321
Jasper, Dubois county— St. Jo-
seph's 322
Jeffersonville, Clark county—
St. Anthony's 324
St. Augustine's ._ 326
Jennings county — St. Ann's. . . 329
Kendallville, Noble county-
Immaculate Conception.. 331
Kentland, Newton county— St.
Joseph's 331
Klaasville, Lake county— St.
Anthony de Padua 332
Knox county— St. Rose 333
St. Thomas 333
(viii)
INDEX — VOL I.
Kokomn, Howard county— St.
ratrick's 334
LaFayette, Tippecanoe county
—St. Mary's 83fi
St. Boniface's 339
St. Ann's 343
St. Lawrence's 346
LaGro, Wabash county — St.
Patrick's 347
Laporte, Laporte county— St
Joseph's 349
St. Peter's 349
Laud (Nix Settlement), Wit-
ley county — St. Catherine's 350
Lawrenceburg, Dearborn coun-
ty— St. Lawrence's 351
Lebanon, Boone county — St.
Jochim's 354
Leopold, Perry county— St.
Augustine's 355
Legonier, Noble county — St.
Patrick's 355
Logansport, Cass county — St.
Vincent de Paul 356
St. Joseph's 358
St. Bridget's 360
Loogootee, Martin county — St.
John's 361
Lowell, Lake county — Lowell
Parish 364
Madison, Jefferson county — St.
Mary's 364
St. Michael's 366
Maria Hill, Spencer county —
Help of Christian's 369
Marion, Grant county — St.
Paul's 407
Martin county — St. Joseph's... 370
St. Martin's 371
Millersburg, Elkhart county —
St. Henry's 373
Millhousen, Decatur county —
Immaculate Conception. .. 373
Mishawaka, St. Joseph county
—St. Joseph's 374
Monroeviile, Allen county — St.
Rose of Lima 375
Montgomery, Daviess county —
St. Peter's 376
Monterey, Pulaski county — St.
Ann's 380
Morris, Ripley county— St. An-
thony's 380
Mount Pleasant, Martin county
—Haw Creek 382
Mt. Vernon, Posey county — St.
Matthew's 383
Muncie, Delaware county — St.
Lawrence's 384
Napoleon, Ripley county— St.
Maurice's ,386
Navilleton, Floyd county St.
Mary's 387
New Albany, Floyd county —
Holy Trinity 389
Church of the Annunciation 390
New Alsace, Dearborn county
—St. Paul's 392
New Haven, Allen county — St.
John the Baptist's 393
Nix Settlement, Whitley coun-
ty—St. Catherine's 350
North Madison,Jefferson coun-
ty—St. Patrick's ,393
North Vernon, Jennings coun-
ty -St. Mary's 394
Obertsville,Gibson county— St.
Bernard's 395
Oxford, Benton county -St. Pat-
rick's 396
Peru, Miami county-St.Charles
Borromeo 397
Plymouth, Marshall county —
St. Michael's 402
Portland, Jay county — Immac-
ulate Conception 405
Prescott, Shelby county— St.
Vincent's 408
Remington,Jasper county — St.
John's the Evangelist 409
Rensselaer, Jasper county — St.
Augustine's 410
Reynolds, White county — St.
Joseph's 411
Richland township, Benton
county— St. Ann's 414
St. Mary's 415
Ripley county— St Magda-
line's \... 416
Rockville, Park county— St.
Joseph's 417
Rome City, Noble county— St.
Peter's 419
Rushville,Rush county — Mary
Immaculate 419
St. John, Lake county— St.
John the Evangelist 420
St. Joseph's Hill, Clark county
— St. Joseph's 421
St. Leon, Dearborn county —
St. Joseph's 422
St. Maurice, Decatur county —
St. Maurice's 372
St. Peter's, Franklin county —
St. Peter's 423
St. Vincent de Paul, Allen
county 424
St. Wendell, Posey county —
St. Wendel's 425
(ix)
INDEX — VOL. I.
Schererville, Lake county— St.
Michael's 427
Schnellville, Dubois county-
Sacred Heart 427
Seymour, Jackson county— St.
Ambrose 428
Shelbyville.Shelby county— St.
Joseph's 429
Sheldon, Allen county— St.
Alovsius 431
Shoals, ' Martin county — St.
Louis 432
South Bend, St. Joseph county
—St. Joseph's 433
St. Patrick's 436
St. Mary's 437
St. Hedwig's 438
Tell City, Perry county— St.
Paul's 439
Terre Haute, Vigo county— St.
Joseph's 440
St. Benedict's 447
St. Ann's 453
St. Patrick's 455
Tipton, Tipton county— St.
John the Baptist 457
Trov, Perry county— St. Pius. 459
Turkey Creek, Lake county—
SS. Peter and Paul's 459
Union City, Randolph county
—St. Mary's 460
Valparaiso, Porter county — St.
Joseph's 462
Vanderburg county — St. Jo-
seph's 462
Vigo county— St. Mary's of the
Woods 464
Vincennes, Knox county— St.
Francis Xavier 466
St. John the Baptist 470
Wabash, Wabash county- -St.
Bernard's 471
Wanatah, Laporte county-
Most Precious Blood 471
Warrick county— St. John's.. . . 472
Washington, Daviess county—
St. Simon's 473
St. Mary's 476
Whiting, Lake county— Sacred
Heart 477
Winamac, Pulaski county— St.
Peter's 478
Yankeetown, Warrick county—
St. Rupert's 479
Yorkville, Dearborn county —
St. Martin's 480
Catholic, the Term 26
Catholic Toleration Act in Mary-
land 32
Cauthorn's History of St. Fran-
cis Xavier Cathedral, Vin-
cennes 47
Charitable Institutions 605
St. Ann's Providence Orphan
Asylum, Terre Haute.... 614
St. Anthony's Home for the
Aged Poor 613
St. Elizabeth's Hospital, La
Fayette 611
St. John's Hospital at Ander-
son 605
St. Joseph's Hospital at Fort
Wayne 605
St. Joseph's Hospital, Logans-
port 614
St. Joseph's Orphan Asylum,
La Fayette 609
St. Vincent's Infirmary at In-
dianapolis 608
St. Vincent's Orphanage at
Fort Wayne 607
St. Vincent's Orphanage, Vin-
cennes 615
Chatard, Address of Welcome to. 94
Chatard, Awards of Merit to 107
Chatard, Biography of 106
Chatard's Condemnation of
Mixed Marriages 101
Chatard, Bishop Francis Silas'
Consecration 93
Chatard's First Pastoral Letter. . 109
Chatard's First Sermon in Vin-
cennes 98
Chatard's Installment 94
Chatard's Lecture on Early Chris-
tianity 125
Chatard's Lecture on the Exist-
ence of the Soul of Man 123
Chatard's Lecture on Tenure of
Land and Eminent Domain. .. 116
Chatard's Personal Character-
istics 108
Chatard's Response to the Ad-
dress of Welcome at Vin-
cennes 95
Chatard's Response to the Ad-
dress of Very Rev. Aug. Bes-
sonies 97
C^hegoimegon and Pointe du St.
Esprit 132
ChineseDiscovery of America.. . 21
Christopher Columbus 26
Church Record, First in Indiana,
1749 47
Church, First Catholic on Lake
Superior 133
Community of the Sacred Heart
Indianapolis 589
(X)
INDEX — VOL. T.
Convent of the Franciscan
Fathers ;it Olch^nhur^^ 596
Convent of the luiniacuhitc Con-
ception at Ferdinand 586
Convent of St. Joseph at Tip-
ton 601
Convent of the Sisters ol St.
Francis at Oldenburg 596
Cortez, Founder of Mexico 30
Declaration of Independence
brings Religious Liberty 34
De Soto, Discoverer of the Mis-
sissippi river 30
Diocese of Fort Wayne— Early
Times 132
Diocese of Indianaiiolis — Parish-
es and Churches after the Ad-
vent of Bishop Chatard 103
Diocese of Vincennes, Change of
Name to that of Indianapolis. . 105
Diocese of \'incennes, Chicago's
Separation from 67
Diocese of Vincennes, Condition
when Bishop de St. Palais took
Charge 75
Diocese of Vincennes, First
Synod in the 165
Diocese of \'incennes, Papal Bull
creating 50
Diocese of Vincennes, Progress
of and Quietude in the,
during Bishop Chatard's Ad-
ministration 102
Diocese of Vincennes, Second
Synod in the 100
Double Tax for Education 483
Dwenger, Rt. Rev. Joseph, Biog-
raphy of 170
Dwenger, Death of Bishop 175
Dwenger's Trip to Europe 171
Educational Laws in Canada 484
Educational Institutions of the
Higher Order 536
Holy Angels Academy, Lo-
gansport 538
Jasper College, Dubois county 575
Notre Dame University 543
Our Lady of Loreto chapel,
Notre Dame 568
St. Ignatius Academy, La Fay-
ette 537
St, Joseph College, Rensselaer 570
St. Mary's Academy, Indian-
apolis 536
St. Mary's Academy, Notre
Dame 565
St. Mary's Academic Institute,
Vigo county 577
St. Mary's of the Woods estab-
lished 77
St.Mcinrad's College and Sem-
inary, Sjiencer county 571
English Intolerance of Cathol-
icism in America 39
English, Hon. William H.'s,
Opinion as to the Treat-
ment of the Patriot Priest
of the West 45
Flaget, Rt. Rev., First Bishop
of Kentucky 46
Free-school Education in In-
diana 58
Free-school Education in In-
diana founded by Bishop
Brute 482
Gibault, the Patriot Priest of the
West 43
Golden Jubilee of Pope LeoXlil 105
Grelcjn, Father A drian 137
Guendling, Rev. Charles B 610
Hailandiere, Bishop de la 62
Hailandiere, Biography of
Bishop de la 69
Hailandiere, Death of Bishop
dela 69
Hailandiere's Installment 165
Hailandiere, The Resignation of
Bishop 69
Hennepin, Father Lewis 137
La Salle, Explorer of the Great
Lakes 30
Lief Erickson, the Norseman's
Discovery of America 22
Lord Baltimore and Religious
Liberty in Maryland 31
Luers, Bishop J. H. and, his ad-
ministration 151
Luers, Address of Bishop, relat-
ing to the Orphan Asylum in
Jasper county 167
Luers, Biography of Bishop 169
Luers, Consecration of Bishop.. . 156
Luers, Death of Bishop 169
Luers' visit to Cleveland 169
Luers, visits of Bishop, to Rome. 164
Mission, First on White river. . . 48
Monastery of the Poor Clares. . . 582
O'Brazil, the Enchanted Land of
Beauty 24
Oddities of colonial legislation. ..32-38
O'Donaghue's Rev. Denis, ad-
dress of welcome to Bishop
Chatard 99
(xi)
INDEX — VOL. I.
O'Donaghue's (Rev. D.) facts and
figures 104
Parishes, Original, Priests, and
Missions of the old Diocese of
Vincennes 61
Parochial schools alphabetically
arranged according lo loca-
tion 487-534
Parochial schools in the Diocese
of Fort Wayne
Parochial Schools in the Diocese
of \'incennes (Indianapolis).. .
Ponce de Leon and Florida
Post (or fort) Vincennes — Its
Early History 42
Priests, Jesuit, among the Indians
along the rivers 48
Prominent Catholic officials in
Revolutionary days 37
Proscription of Catholics in New
York and other states
Protestant Inconsistencies in
Legislation
Protestant Intoleration in Mary-
land
580
579
30
33
38
32
Radamacher, Biography of
Bishop, of Fort Wayne 181
Radamacher, Installation of, at
Fort Wayne 182
Radamacher, Personality of . . .. 186
Radamacher, Sermon of Bishop
(of Tenn.), at Bishop Dwenger's
Obsequies 176
Retrospect and summary of the
contents of this work 674
St. Brendan, the Irish Monk and
Navigator, the First Discoverer
of America
St. Palais, Right Rev. Maurice,
Appointed Fourth Bishop of
Vin ennt'S
St. Palais, Maurice de, Appointed
vicar-general by Bishop Bazin
St. Palais, Biography of Bishop 83-
St. Palais Illness and Death of
Bishop de
St. Palais, Bishop de. Encourage-
ment of Educational, and
Eleemosynary Institutions. . . .
St. Palais, Interment of the Mor-
tal Remains of Bishop de
St. Palais, Visits to Rome
Sodalities and Fraternal Organ-
izations
American Sons of Columbus. ..
Ancient Order of Hibernians.
Catholic Benevolent Legion . .
Catholic Knights of America. .
Young Men's Institute
Spanish Explorers and Priests. .
Synods — the Third, Fourth and
Fifth in Indiana
Trading Posts, First
Violation of the Spirit of the
Declaration by Protestant
State Governments
21-
to
73
142
80
8
89
79
616
642
616
646
628
648
29
101
141
36
White Man, First in Indiana a
Catholic Priest
Washington's Detestation of
Burninij the Pope's in Effi-
gy-•■• .-.•••
Weinzoepfel, Rev., Malicious
Accusations against 67
47
37
ILLUSTRATIONS— VOL. I.
Rt. Rev. John .S. Bazin, \'incennes '^^
Rt. Rev. Julian Benoit, Fort Wayne l^^l
Rt. Rev. Simon Gabriel Brut^, Vincen es 53
Rt. Rev. Francis Silas Chatard, Indianapolis 92
Rt. Rev. Celestine De La Hailandiere, Vincennes 63
Rt. Rev. Maurice de St. Palais, D. D., Vincennes.
82
Rt. Rev. Joseph Dwenger, D. D., Fort Wayne 173
Rt. Rev. J. H. Luers, D. D., Fort Wayne 159
Rt. Rev. Joseph Rademacher, D. D., Fort Wayne 180
Very Rev. J. H. Brammer, Fort Wayne 213
Bishop's Residence, Fort Wayne. ......../ Between 188-189
Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, Fort Wayne )
Church of the Immaculate Conception, Oldenburg. ( Between 596-601
Holy Family Church \
Immaculate Conception Convent, Ferdinand, facing 586
Jasper College, Jasper, facing 575
Library Hall, Fort Wayne, facing 216
St. Augustine's Academy, Fort Wayne, facing 499
(xii)
ixniix— VOL. I.
Interior St. Benedict's, Terre iiautc Hctween 442 447
St. Joseph's Hall, Indianaixjlis ;{J4 -^ir^
St. J()sc|)li s 1 lo.spital, Fori Wayne (\()4
St. Joseph's Parsonage, Indianapolis, between .','A4 ,31')
St. Mary's, Decatur, facing 9^cj
St. Mary's Academy, Notre Dame (one view in \'oi. II) ...... :^y)
St. Mary's Chapel, Notre Dame \ ' ' ' ;,(;;{
St. Patrick's Church, Indianapolis ' ;^.^'(j
I'niv ersity of Notre l)ame hio }>4\
IINLOEZX:— X^OI^. II
Al)bink. B 84
Adams, j 47
Adelsperger, T.... 48
Adels|)erger, \V. J . 48
Ahaus, H 28
Ahern, J. F 20
Ahlering, H. M.... 1444
Alcrding, H '.iS
Anderson, S 24
Arnold, S 25
Arvin, A 27
Arvin, J. P 28
Audran, E 33
Auer, R 36
Baehner, J 37
Baker, J 38
Baker, J. F 39
Baker, K 50
Barber, S 51 -
Barnett, I. S 1401
Barrett, E. F 57
Barrett, J. F 56
Barrett, T. F 74
Bartholome, S 1453
Bath, M ,58
Bath, S 58
Bathe, J. H 1258
Bartoszek, VV ,M)
Bauer, F. A 61
Bauer, |. 1 68
Bauer, j. T 60
Bayard, J. L 69
I^ayer, J, 70
Beach, M. Mrs 70
Beadell, H 71
Bechtel, H. J 72
Becker, F. C 73
Beckett, J. E 77
Beckmann, J. G. . . . 79
Beckmann, J. H 80-81
Bei.sel, J. I 81
Belledin, B 78
Benckhart, G. A 83
Benzinger, M 1402
Berens, C. J 89
Berens, P. J 90
Berg, J. B 91
Bessonies, A 45
Bey, A. VV 92
Bey, J 92
Bever, | <)4
Beyer, j.,Jr 94
Biederman, W. J... 1448
Biegel, B 95
Bilger, C. F 95
Birk, J 100
Blank, J in]
Bleckmann, J 101
Bless, T. A 1167
Bloom, H. F.,Mrs.. 102
Blum, J. B 103
Bobilya, L. J 104
Bockting, H. H... Ill
Bockting, S Ill
Boeckelmann, H. A 112
Boersig, J. A 113
Boersig, J. H 1398
Bogeman, J. H 119
Bogeman, F. L 113
Bogemann, M. H. .. 114
Bohnert, E. A 120
Bonner, P 121
Book, J. W 62
Bookage, H 123
Boone, F 122
Bourgholtzer, ] 125
Bouvy, J. L..." 134
Bowen, P 131
Bower, G. P 133
Bradley, M. A. Mrs. 132
Bradley, J. R 135
Bradley, W 136
Brannon, J 141
Breen. J. N 1403
Breen, P 137
Breen, VV. P 142
Breger, M.W 143
Brehmer, C. A 144
Bremerkamp, H. H. 145
Brennan, [.A 151
Brennan, W. H 147
Brett, M. L 1,52
Brindley, H. F.... l.-)4
I'rockamp, (. H.T. . 1.55
Bnuieii, J.." l.")6-157
Broderick, T 1,58
Brokamp, H. J 161
Brouillette, P 162
Brown, VV. M 167
Brucker, \^ J 163
Brueggemann, B. H. 1298
Bruggner, D 168
Brunner, V 1399
Buchert, M 1H9
15u.hheit, A. M. ... 91
Buchner, A. I 174
Buckley,].." 175
Budenz, H 176
Bultman, H. H 177
Bultman, W 178
Burke. A 179
Burke, J 186
Burke, M. F 191
Burke, P. J 187
Burkholder, P. S... 188
Burns. J 193
Burns, M.J 199
Bush, A., Miss 201
.Bush, J., Miss 201
Butler, C. P 201
Bverlev, T. E. A. . . 206
Byrne, J. F 205
Byrne, M. J 207
Cahill, M 213
Cain, I.I) 218
Calhan, J 214
Callahan, C 216
Callahan, M 217-225
Callahan, T. E 219
Calvelage, A. H 226
Campbell, F 228
Campbell, J. J 1312
Campbell, J. M . . .. 227
Campbell, T. H.... 228
Campion, M. E 62
Caney, M 229
Cangany, P 235
Cannon, F 243
Cantwell, E.J 236
.(xiii)
IXDIIX VOL. II.
Cargett, 1., Mrs.... 237
Carlon, j. M 249
Carney, W 250
Carr, J.T 251
Carr, J. ¥. 253
Carr, M 255
Carr. M. \V 1397
Carroll, I 252
Carroll, "T. P 261
Carson, \V 275
Carton, W. T 262
Casev, T. P' 263
Cauthorn, H. S . . . 99
Cavanaugh. T. 1 . . . 276
Chartrand, J ..'.... 268
Cheseldine, A.,Mrs. 269
Chomel, A 277
Clark, C. S 278
Clark, I. L 281
Clark, yi. I 279
Clarke, G.' E 288
Clarke, A 280
Cleary, M. D 294
Coffee, D. D 357
Cogan, W. I 366
Colbert, D." J 356
Coleman, P 359
Colerick Familv... 299
Coll, D. C....'. ... 300
Collins, E. A., Miss 301
Condron, M 302
Connolly, W. A.... 303
Connor, C 310
Conrad, C. J 141
Conrad, F 304
Cooney Bros 306
Cooney, \V 305
Cooney, M 311
Corbv, W 312
Costello.H.F 319
Costal io, J 320
Crannan, T 293
Crawford, W 321
Crawley, P 323
Cronin,'T.: 322
Crosson, P. J 324
Cumniings, M 324
Cunningham, \V. ].. 106
Curran, C 331
Curran, E. 1) 325
Curran, J 332
Czyzewski, \' 3.33
Daily, J 334
Dandurand, F. J... 119
Dant, A. J 335
Daub, A. P 337
Daunhauer, A 343
Davey, J 344
Dawson, T 345
(xivT~
Dean, T 346
Deerv, ]. H 347
Dehler,"\' 348
I )eininger, I ' 354
Delaney, j. F 126
Delaney, T. F 355
Delaney, P. \V . ... 349
Dempsev, J 369
Denk, R. J 376
Denver, F 370
Deshler, H. G 1444
Dewenter, A 3(>7
Dewenter, J. C . . . . 367
Dhe, C 158
Dickmann, J 371
Dilger, E 375
Dillon, P 377
Dinnen, J. R 1407
Dippel, H. C 382
Dittmer, F 382
Dittoe, A. J 383
Dober, E 390
Doerschuk, F 389
Doll, F. A 391
Dommershausen, J . 394
Donahue, T 392
Donnelly, M 148
Dooley, M. M 393
Dosch, J 401
Dowd, F. B 407
Downes, W 395
Downey, W 402
Doyle, D 407
Dovle, J 4n9
Doyle, J. W 416
Doyle, P 409
Dubail, E.F 415
Duehmig, D 1306
Duesterberg, J. M.. 417
Dulfey, P. J 418
Dugan, J 419
Dunn, J 428-442
Dunn, C. F 420
Dunn, J. E 433
Dunn,T 421
Du ham, ]. P 434
Durlauf, Si. F 435
Dwyer, }. J 445
Dwyer, }. \V 444
Eagan, D 446
P^bner, 1 447
Ebner, "I. L 164
Eckert," J 452
Egan, D. J 457
Egan, J 458
Ehinger, E. X 460
Eisenring, T. F 4()5
Eisert, J.C 1441
Elbreg, G. \V 170
Ellering, A. M 765
Endress, F 1445
Engel, C 1456
Powers, }i 466
Fahlbush, G 467
Faller, E. M 180
Fallev, A 191
Falley,J. B 467
Falvey, T 469
Fanning, J 477
Fanning, I. H 479
Fanning, "J. \V 202
Fanning, P. E 470
Fanning & Grannan 478
Farrell, M. H 471
Farrell, R. W 490
Faust, F. P 492
Faust, J. 544
Featherstone, D. . .. 491
Feigen, A 1311
Fein, H 493
Feiten, J 494
Fernkas, ) 495
Ferstl, J. "B 499
Fichter, L 194
Fife, E., Mrs 500
Fihe, J. H 501
Filcer, J. H 505
Finan, E 506
Finn, D. W 507
Finn, J. F . 515
Fischer, \' 518
Fisher, A. J 517
Fitzgerald, C 519
Fitzgerald, P. H.... 962
Fitzgibbon, E 525
Fitz Gibbon, T 531
Fitzgibbons, J. S.. .. 527
Flach, 1 ". 540
Flaherty, J 539
Flaherty, T 541
Fleck, G. C 543
Fleischmann, M.. . . 208
Fleming, \V 542
Flvnn, \V 223
Foley, J. P 545
Fox, C. Mrs 552
Fox, M 557
Fralich, F. J 563
Frank, \' 546
Frederick, E. C. . . . 553
Freel, J 564
Freiburger, 1 565
Frewin. J. J 230
Frey, J. r 566
Friedman, M 574
Fries, 1. A 567
Frisz, "1 568
INDEX —VOL
Krisz, J. W 140;t
l-ritch, A '""hO
Krit/cr. I. 1 ')"•'>
Kronicvcr, |. W... . •'iBd
Irund, H. \\' 587
Fullenkaini.. J J.... 580
Gabriel, j. J. M.... 581
Gallat,dier, 1 590
Gallagher, j. H.... 588
Gallivan, i\i. D 590
Ganser, F. X 598
Gamier. J. B 29(5
Garrigan, M K^H
Garrity, j 597
Garstang. R. W . . . . 599
Gasper, J. L <iO;5
Gavin, B., Mrs BOr)
(lavnor M. J 610
Gehrlich, J (Ul
George, F. J <il2
Geraghty, L. J <il4
Gera litv, T. A 613
Gerdink; J. W ()24
Gerdon, J. F 847
Gill, M. F 290
Gillig, J. P 615
Gilniartin, E 625
Ginnsz. G. M 680
Giroit, F.X 287
Glassmeier, R 681
Goelz, J. E 632
Golden, P 631,633
Gordon, B. A 634
Gordon, G. P 639
Gordon, J 640
Gordon J. I <;42
Gorman, J. B 635
Gorman, W 643
Gradv, J 644
Gradv, W. M 649
Graham, H.M., Miss 316
Gramelspacher, G. A. 645
Grannan, P. E 653
Greany,T 650
Greene, T. A 654
Greenen. M. H . . . . 651
Greener, J 65()
Gribling, X 661
Griffin, G.0 662
Griffin, P. J 662
(/rimnie, J. H 663
Grinsteiner Bros... 664
Grogan, J 1401
Grothaus, F 665
Grusenmeyer, A.. . . 6(>6
Gueguen, 1 244
Guendling, J. H.. .. 1431
Guethoff, P. A 1410
(Hietig, H.W 668
Giithneck, M. 1 670
Ilaase, C 144'.»
Ilahig, 1 672
llalcv, M 675
Hallen, i 673
Haniill, P 674
Hamilton, G. A. . . . 675
Hammer, B 238
Ilaudlin, I). I 681
Hanf, H. F ". 682
Hanley, J 683
Hannagan, S. J.... 684
Harbison, J. E 687
Harrigan, C. A 685
Harrington, C 688
Harrington, j. |.... 689
Harry, I. L.." 691
Hartman, D. C 690
Hasenour, G 306
Haskamp, 1 692
Hauck, J. } 692
Haverkos, J. H 701
Hayes, M. 1 693
Haves, W.'M 694
Hazinski.M 695
Healey, J. H 700
Healey, M 702
Heck. M 396
Hedian,T. G 703
Heeb, P. L 708
Heeb, W. E 705
Heffernan, L) 705
Heffernan, M 707
Hefron, D.J 709
Hegartv, J. H 710
Hegger, J 410
Heichelbech, F. B. . 718
Heitz, G 711
Hellhake, H. A 712
Helm, C. J 713
Henneberger, A. . . . 719
Hennessy, J 720
Hennessy, J. F 720
Herbert, A. H 721
Herbig, J 723
Herr, H. P 723
Herzog, A 724
Heusler, B 725
Rickey, A., Mrs.... 725
Higgins, M 726
Hiilebrand. J. H.... 422
Hinsberger, J 728
Hirsch, A 731
Hitzelberger, A 729
Hock, G. V 732
Hock, J 730
Hot^man, ]. A 737
HotYman, J. J 7;!7
Hogan, I) 738
Hogan, M. H 740
Hogan, P. J 742
Hogan, T. W 739
Hogan, W. S 743
Hollra , P 744
Holiel,G 745
Homme , P . . 745
Hooley, P. J 747
Hoose, J 748
Horan,M 750
Hottenroth,G 746
Howard, E 751
Howard, T.E 264
H libers, J 758
Hudson, H.T 757
Hueser, J. H 912
Hughes, J 759
Hulman, H. 436
Hulsman, F 7t)2
Hunt, I.T 7(iO
Hunter, J. C 703
Hupe, C 763
Hurley, D 764
Hyland, C. E 767
Imhoff, W. J 768
Inderrieden, J. L. . . 770
Ittenbach, G 448
lackson, L 769
Jacob, M. A 776
Jahn, J 772
Jakob, E 777
Jarboe, I 777
Jefferson, M. L 454
jeup, B. J. T 779
leup, J. B 430
jochum, W. A 4(iO
Johnson, C 780
lohnson, J 1259
Johnson, J., Jr. 1260
lohnson, J. \V 781
Jordan, J. F 782
Joyce, H 1450
Joyce, P. A 783
Kamp, P. G 785
Kaough, W 784
Kapps, J.A 786
Kasper, J.J 788
Kastner, P 789
Kauffman, D. E.. . . 793
Kauj)pert, G 794
Kavanaugh, M. T.
Mrs...". T95
Kearney, E 796
Keating, ] 797, 798
Keating, "I. F 800
Kebler,J.A 799
IXDl.X — VOL. II.
Keegan, T. J ^^01
Keenan, I. H 480
Keenan, 1 480
Keenan, T 488
Keheliek, P. A fc04
Kehl, H 803
Keller, H.E 805
Kelley, M. M 814
Kellv, f. H 80H
Kellv, "P 807
Kenipf, M 811
Kennedy, M. H.... 813
Kennedy, M. F.... 816
Kenney, E. T 815
Keogh, J. W 817
Keough, 1' 818
Kersting. D 489
Kervan, J 819
Kessing, C. H 820
Kexel, R 822
Kidvveli.T. P 823
Kiefer, j 821
Kilfoil, T 824
Kilroy, E. B 825
King, F. A 825
Kinser, T. W 829
Kivits, A.P 831
Klein, A. J 833
Klein, J 832
Klueber, J., Jr 832
Knabe, A 496
Knapke, R. 1 836
Kobvlinski, C. M... 841
Koehne, H 270
Koerdt, F 256
Kohne, A 834
Kokenge, C 835
KorpahC. V 842
Kramer, M.J 843
Kreutzer, F. \ 846
Kreutzer, J 845
Kroeger, B .*. . . 338
Kroeger.B. A 1315
Kroeger, A. | 326
Kroir. H. F. 1 360
Kubacki, J. F 472
Kuebler, S 844
Kidilniann, J. R 1454
Kull, A. F 854
LaCoste. H 853
LaCroix, J. D 855
Lahev, M 856
Lambert, F.J 857
Lanijiert, F 858
Landwerlen, I 859
Fang, C. I..." 865
Fannert,'G. J 502
LaPlante, C...:.... 514
LaPlante, J. B 508
(xvi)
LaPlante, P......
Larbe.s, J ..... .
Larkin Bros
Lavelle, T
Leary, M
Ledvina, E . . . .
Leinigruber, A. .
Lenaghan, A. F .
Lenaghan, C. . . .
Lenaghan, J. N .
Lengerich, B. . .
Lenhart, J. S. . . .
Lenihan, D
Lichtenfeld, J. F
Liesen, W
Litot, G. A
Lodde, H. B....
Loesch, G. |. . . .
Logan, M.". ... 889
Logan, M. B
Logan, T. X ...
Lordemann, F. .
Luebbermann, F
Luers, J. H
Luking, H
Lynch, D
Lynch, P
Lyons, J. H
McBarron, E. 1
McCabe, D...
McCabe, J....
McCabe, M. ..
McCaffrey, H.
McCarthy, J. J
McCarthy, "J. R.
McCarthy, P. R .
McCarthy, W. C
McCartney, J.J.
McCartv, [. J. . .
McCarty, J. \V . .
McCloskey, B...
McCloskey, M.,M
McCue, y'.
McDerniott, P. .
McDermott, R. .
McDermott, R,. J
McDonnell, T. R
McGintv,C. ..
McGinty, J. .
McGovern, T.
McGrath,^. M
McGraw, M . . .
McGroarty, I . .
McHale, P. F .
McHugh, T. I.
McHugh, J, F
McKeever, T. .
McKeever, G . .
McKenzie, T. W
A
508
McKinnie, W. M.
86()
Mrs
957
867
McKone, T
959
868
McLaughlin, 1
958
869
McLoughlin, T. A. .
960
520
McMahon, A
961
870
McMahon,P. T....
968
871
McManaiiion, A. . . .
961
879
McManus, M
969
878
McMorrow,J.H....
560
880
McMuUen, D. J . . . .
551
881
McXamara, ]. K . . .
948
882
McNeils, J
972
1443
McNeils, M
576
887
McXelis, P. H. .
570
888
McNulty, J
1413
883
Mack, J. F
971
1316
Madden, E., Mrs. .
973
-891
Madden, R. M....
974
888
Madigan, J. J
978
634
Maher, P. J
977
891
Maher, W. A
981
893
Mahon, P
980
892
Mahoney, J. H. . . .
582
899
Mahoney, J. J
981
900
Mahoney, M. M
600
528
Mahoney, M. F
989
903
Maley, T
991
ALiloney, M
992
904
Mandabach, M
997
911
Manning, J. F
994
914
Manning, J. M
995
902
Manstield, M. R...
996
1411
Marchesseau, F. L.
1432
916
Mark, J. A
998
923
Markey, T. J
998
554
Markle,A. W
!t99
924
Martin, A. A
1001
915
Martin, T. S
1000
925
Mathews, E. W....
1006
926
Matthews, J. P
1008
927
Mattingly, J. F
1009
927
Maujay, C
1009
1431
Mauntel, F
1010
934
Maute, F
350
928
Mazelin,E. D
1011
928
Meer, H
1012
933
Meer, J. H
1016
93()
Meil)er, |
1014
938
Meighan, IF. . .
1017
il36
.Meissner, H
372
943
Melchior, J. T
1023
939
Melle, G. T
1028
944
Merkl, J. J
1166
1317
Merz, A. J
1018
946
Mesker, T. .S
1434
945
Messmann, A
1017
955
Messnier, J A
1450
949
Meyer, P
1029
956
Michel, A
808
INDKX— \()L.
Milet, R. \ 10;{0
Millt-a, T. }' UVM
Miller, II \{):\2
Miller, I io;{ti io4;{
Miller. :\1 Km
Miller, X 1042 1044
Miller, W. C 1045
Miner, W. | 1045
Moan, P..". I041t
Mock, H. M 1047
Moe ch, L. A 592
Moffitt, P. W 1050
Mohan, J 976
Moloney, J (il()
Moaience, A 1048
Mona^han, D. Ir. .. 1051
Monahan, 1). . .' ... 1052
Moore, K 1058
Moore, I OOH
Moore, \\'. K (i26
Moorehead, T. W.. 1054
Morbacli, C. W 1059
Moran, ] lOfiO
Moran, P. T 1055
M origan, W 1062
Morgenroth, F 1068
Moriartv, W. C 1064
Morin, ] 1066
Moroney, D. M iMM^
Morris, K„ Mrs 1067
Moss, G. H 1414
Movnihan, P. | 1451
Mueller, J. B.". 106S
Mueller, M 1079
Mueller, M. J 1069
Mug, J. T 1069
Mulcahy, D. J 1071
Mulhaupt, F. J.. . . 1072
Mullally, E 1073
Mullallv. I. P 1078
Mullen, I F 1078
Mullin, i 1077
Mulvine,' T .*. 1080
Mundi, I F 1081
Mundwiler, F 878
Murphv, F 646
Murphv, I 1085
Murphv, \1. 1 1082
Murphy, M. \V 1084
Murphv, P 1088
Murphv, P. L 1086
Murray, J 10«9
Naughton, P 1088
Nees, J. A 1087
Nees, T 1090
Neilan,-T. H 1091
Neubauer, F 1215
Neunian, |. M 1095
Niblick, W. H 1096
Nichols, J 1097
Niermann, 1 109M
Niesse, H 1099
Nolan, W. 11 l|(i(i
Noll, M F liol
Nordhaus, j. \V 1102
Obrecht, J. N 1108
Oechtering, A. 15. . . 1104
Oechtering, J. 11 . . . (556
O'Brian, W. F 1106
O'Brien, |. A 1108
O'i^rien, "|. J 1109
O'Brien, M 1114
O'Brien, M. ( 1115
O'Brien, P...". lllfi
O'Brien, T 1117
O'Brien, W 1118
O'Connell, D 1119
O'Connell, J 1120
O'Connell, T 1121
O'Conner, B. S 1128
O'Connor, C 1124
O'Connor, J 1122
O'Connor, P 1125
O'Connor, R. J 1128
O'Donaghue, 1) 21
O'Donaghue, T 676
O'Donnell, D 1126
O'Donnell, L. H.... 1188
O'Donnell, M 1136
O'Flaherty, T 1134
O'Flaherty, M 1139
O'Hara, A 1140
O'Hara, H 1142
O'Hara, J. W 696
O'Loughlin, J 1141
O'Mahoney, P. |. .. 1148
O'Neal, J .... 1143
O'Rourke, P. S 714
O'Rourke, "V\^ S... 717
O'Toole, P 1145
Padgett, A. 1 1153
Padgett, J. A 1146
Page, J., Mrs 1152
Pa(|uet,L. R 732
Paradise, H 1154
Perlev, S. S 1147
Peters, J. J 1155
Peurrung, f. P 1166
Pfau, H 1160
Pfeiffer, [. P 1157
Phelan, I 1158
Piening, C 1159
Pierrard, H 752
Poirier, j. B 1160
Poulin, F 1168
Power, M. J 1319
Pratt, R.J 1162
Prenatt, M. G., Mrs. 772
Pressler, G. R llf;4
I'rice, M ]]v,4
Purcell, .M. F 1165
Quigley, J. I- 790
Uiiill. J 1170
<iuill. .M ur,H
(iuiiilan, J. R 384
(juinlan, W. J 1488
Quinn, P. J 1318
Quinn, '1'. F 1169
Raben, A 14;59
Rademacker, C... 1171
Radican, \V 1171
Raniler, J 1172
Raupfer, B 1178
Ravmond, A 826
Ready, P 1174
Reagan, I). IC 1175
Recker, G 1176
Recker, G. R 1179
Recker, W. F 1177
Redington, M 1180
Redmond, J 1180
Reed, J. J 1182
Reifers, N. S 1182
Reillev, P 1185
Reilly^ 1 1183
Reilly, J. J 1185
Reinhart, A. A 1188
Reinsel, | 1187
Reiter, F. G 1191
Reiter, G 1189
Reitz, J. F 1451
Reynolds, H 1198
Reynolds, H. B.... 841
Riehle, A 848
Rilev, r 1192
Riordan, D 1194
Ring, J 1194
Ritchie, M. A., Mrs. 1196
Roeder, N 1195
Roell, FA 860
Roell, H 1198
Rohan, 1. H 1198
Rohe, J." H 1200
Roniarv J. J 1200
Ro.senbaum, W 1201
Rosenberger, A . . . . 1457
Rosenberger, H . . . . 1452
Rosenstein, | 1202
Rowan. P..." 1208
Roy, 1. \- 1204
Rudo f, F. 1 1326
Russell, J."F 1205
Rust, G 1207
Rvan, F. M 1208
Ryan, J 1210
Rvan, R 1213
Ryan, N 1211
(xvii)
INDEX VOL. II.
Ryan, P 1'212
Rynn, W 1218
Ryves, J ^72
Saalmann, H 1217
Sadher, G 1216
Sage, J 1219
Sauer, F i218
Sause, M. E., Mrs. . 1220
Scanlon. T. H 884
Scanlon, "J. \' 1221
Schaaf, A 1222
Schaaf, A. J 1223
Schaller, F 1224
Schaller, G 1225
Scharuun, P. W .... 1446
Scheideler, A 404
Scheefers, J. H.... 1226
Schindler, J. J 1230
Schneider, [ 1239
.Schnell, \'."A 918
Schnell, H., Mrs.... 1242
Schorno, J. B 1240
Schott, I. K 1241
Schramm, G. M . . . . 940
Schroeder, M., Mrs. 1244
Schellinger, G. A... 1227
Schenk.A.A 894
Schenk, E. B 1229
Scherer, A 1228
Scherschel, {. R.... 1229
Schitter, J. M 1232
Schlegel, J 1233
Schmitt, A 906,1234
Schmitt, C. J 1237
Schmitt, E 1235
Schmoll, J. A 1238
SchmoU, J. C 1240
Schwegel, D 1246
Schwegman, J. G.. . 1244
Searles, E 1247
Sears, T 1248
Seepe, J. B. H 1251
Seibertz, H. T 1249
Senefeld, 1. P 1251
Seng, J. H 1253
Sermersheim, J. A.. 1252
Sermersheim, M.... 1254
Sexton, J., Mrs 1255
Sexton, P 1256
Shannon, T 1257
Sharkey, M 1261
Shaughnessv, J 1263
Shea, T 1262
Sheehy, J. J 1265
Shell. C 1264
Sheridan, J 1267
Shine, J. W 1269
Shine, \V 1268
Shoemaker, T. B... 1271
Siefert, E. W 1250
Smead, M., Mrs.... 1270
Smeltzer, ]. G 1272
Smith, G.. 1273
Soete, J. J 1274
Somes, J. F 930
Sommers, H. G ... 1275
Sondermann, A . . . . 1278
Sonderniann, J. F.. . 950
Sondermann. T.... 1276
Sowar, J. .S. C 1277
Spiegel, J. F 1278
Spitzmesser, L 1279
Spitznagle, J. A 1280
Sprauer, A., Mrs 1281
Stadier, E 987
Stanton, J. F 1002
Stehlin, O. F 1281
Steigenwald, C 1283
Steigerwald, G. S. . . 1282
Steinhart, M. L 1284
Steinkamp, C 1285
Stenger, S 1020
Stetter, C. V 1285
Stevens, W. A . . . . 1286
Stoecklev, J.A 1288
Stoll, A..' 1287
Stoll, C. Mrs 1289
Stratman, A 1038
Suermann, E 1290
Sullivan, D 1289
Sullivan, F. I. A.... 1291
Sullivan, J. C 1292
Sullivan,]. F 1293
Sullivan, P 1294
Sullivan. T. A 1295
Sum Bros 1296
Sweeney, J 1297
Sweeney, M. A 1303
Thiele, C. F 1320
Thiele, F. B 1322
Thomas, M. H 1332
Thompson, W 1322
Thuis, F. A 1323
Tobin, F 1325
Tobin, W. D 1074
Tobin, W 1056
Toelle, M 1325
Toner, J 1333
Toole, P. M 1144
Torbeck, F 1336
T(jrbeck, W. H 1335
Torline, H. H 1337
Tremmel, J 1338
Troxler, J 1339
Tuley, T.J 1339
Ulrich, J 1342
Unterreitmeier.F.X. 1343
Ijdiaus, J 1345
L'nverzagt, J. H. . . . 1343
\an Huffel. P 1345
Vernimont, R 1348
A'illinger, J 1347
Voglewede. J. H . . . 1346
Voirol, F. A 1348
Vollmer,F. X 1349
\'olImer, H 1350
\ollmer, H. F 1351
\'olpert, f. W 1353
Von Schwedler, F.. 1352
Wade, J. J 1354
Wade, M. C 1355
Wade, P 1357
Wagner. C. J 1358
Wagner. M 1447
Walden, R. R 1092
Waldron, J 1110
Walker, T. R 1359
Wallace, J. B 1360
Wallner, M 1365
W^allrath, P 1361
Walsh, J 1464
Walsh,}. C 1367
Walsh, T 1369
Walsh, P 1433
Walsh, P. B 1368
Walter, C. A 1370
Walterman, F 1372
Walternian,H.A... 1376
Walters, E. P 1373
Walz, V 1376
Ward, J. G 1377
Ward, P. J 1380
Watson, Marv, Mrs. 1378
Watson, L. L' 1381
Weber, P. J 1383
Wehrle, F. J 1384
Weintrout,G.F.... 1387
Weintrout, X 1385
Weiss, B 1387
Welch, J. R 1388
Welsh, M. D 1390
Wenger, G. M 1391
Werner, J. Sr 1391
Werst, P 1393
Wheeler. J. L 1392
Whelan. T 1394
Wickens. H. D . . . . 1415
Widerin, G. L. T... 1416
Wiegand, W 1417
Wilcox. M., Mrs... 1418
Wilken, H.T 1128
Williams, R. C 1419
WiUien, 1.. I 1148
Wills, K. R" 1420
Witte.Ci 1421
(xviii)
INDKX — VOL. II.
Wult, C-. I 1422
W,)ll". K. \V 1404
Wiobfl, E 1421
Venn, S 142:)
VL-nn. S. M 1425
Zahin, J. A 142(i
Zcpf, A 1421)
Zern, (;. A U.?")
Ziegtnfuss, J 143H
Zic^ler. J 1428 1455
Zins, P 1480
Zunibuclt.', M 14:^7
PORTRAITS— VOL. II.
Abbink, I) 86
Alcn]in,«,s H :{0
Barrett, T.F T(;
Bessonies, A 41
Book.J.W 64
Brueggeniann, Ix II l^^OO
Campion, M. E 54
Carr, M. W 139()
Cauthorn, H. S.... 98
Conrad, C.J 140
Cunningham, W.J. 108
Dandurand, F. J.. . 118
Delaney, J. F 128
Donnelly, iM 149
Duehmig, D 1308
Ebner, J. L 165
Elbreg, G. W 171
Faller, E. M 182
Planning, J. W 208
Fitzgerald, P. H . . . . 963
Fleischmann, M . . . . 210
Flynn,W 224
Frewin, J. J 232
Gamier, J. B 297
Gill, M. F 291
Girolt, F. X 284
Graham, H.M.,Miss 317
Gueguen, L 246
Hammer, B 239
Hasenour, G 308
Heck, M 398
Hegger, J 412
Hillebrand,J.H.... 424
Howard, T.E 265
Ittenbach. F 449
Ittenbach, J. B 449
Ittenbach, G 449
Ittenbach, G. L.... 449
Jefferson, M. L.... 455
leup, J. B 431
jochum, \V. A.... 462
Keenan, J. H 481
Knabe,A 497
Koehne, H 272
Koerdt, F 258
Kroeger, A. J 328
Kroeger, B 340
Kroll, H.F.J 362
Kubacki, J. F 474
Lannert, G. J 503
LaPlante, J. B.... 510
LaPlante, P. E . . . . 511
Ledvina, E 522
Logan, T. X 536
Lynch, P 529
McCarthy, P. R.... 555
McMorrow, |. H... 561
McMullen, D. J.... 548
McNelis, M 577
McNelis, P. H.... 571
Maher, VV 980
Mahoney, J. H.... 583
Mahoney, M. F.... 988
Mahoney, M. M . . . . 601
Maute, F 351
Meissner, H 373
Mesker, T. S 1434
Meyer, P 1029
Moench, L. R 594
Moloney, J 617
Moore, J 607
Moore, W. F 627
Moroney, D. M 637
Mundwiler, F 379
Murphy, F 647
O'Donaghue, D.... 20
Oechtering, J. H. . . 658
(3'Hara, J. W 697
ORouke, P. S 715
Pacpiet, L. R 734
Pierrard, H 754
Prenatt, F 773
(2uigley, J. F 791
Ouinlan, I. R 386
(iuinlan, W. J 1438
Raymond, A 827
Reynolds, H.B 840
Riehle, A 850
Roell, F. A 862
Rudolf, F. J 1328
Ryves, J 874
Scanlon, J. H 885
Scharoun, P. W 1446
Scheideler, A 405
Schenk, A.A 896
Schmitt, A 908
Schnell.V. A 920
Schramm, G. M.... 941
Seibertz, H. J 1248
Somes, J. F 930
Sondermann, J. F.. 952
Stadler, E 983
Stenger, S 1022
Stratman, A 1039
Tobin, W 1057
Tobin, W. D 1075
Walden, R. R 1093
Waldron. I 1111
Wilken, H. T 113(1
Willien, L. J 1149
Wolf, F. W 1406
(xix)
INDEX- — VOL. II.
CHURCH VIEWS, ETC.— VOL. H.
Annunciation B. V. M., Brazil.. . 755
Annunciation B. V. M, New Al-
bany 183
Assumption, Avilla 1309
Holy Family. Oldenburg 487
Holy Guardian Angel's, Cedar
Grove 1435
Immaculate Conception, Aurora. 863
Immaculate Conception, Rush-
ville ^'^'
Visitation B. V. M., Huntingburg. 190
St. Ann's, Terre Haute 875
St. Anthony", Morris 285
St. Benedict's, Terre Haute. .439-1447
St. Bernard's, Frenchtown 1415
St. Bernard's, Rock port 463
St. Bridget's, Logansport 341
St. Ferdinand's, Ferdinand 985
St. Francis Xavier,' V'incennes. . . 247
St. Gabriel's, Connersville 1329
St. James', St. James 413
St. John's, Loogootee 679
St. John the Baptist's, Dover 1301
St. John the Baptist's, Tipton. . . 329
St. John the Baptist's, \'incennes. 211
St. John the Evangelist's, War-
rick county 1414
St. Joseph's, Indianapolis 31
St. Joseph's, Jasper 1021
St. Josei)h"s, Logansport 273
St. Joseph's, Princeton 523
St. Joseph's, Reynolds 475
St. Joseph's, Terre Haute 233
St. Lawrence's, Lawrenceburg. . 953
St. Louis, Shoals 1405
St. Martin's, Siberia 809
St. Mary's, Decatur 1131
St. Mary's, Fort Wayne (Mother
of God) 659
St. Mary's, Greensburg 195
St. Mary's, Huntington 387
St. Mary's, \'igo county 851
St. Mary's of the Assumption,
Floyd Knobs 425
St. Michael's, Brookville 897
St. Michael's, Cannelton 65
St. Patrick's, Fort Wayne 129
St. Patrick's, Indianapolis 19
St. Patrick's, Terre Haute 921
St. Paul's, Fort Wayne 363
St. Paul's, Marion 1439
St. Paul's, New Alsace 1 167
St. Paul's, Valparaiso 595
St. Petei 's Fort 'V\''ayne 259
St. Rose of Lima, Monroeville. . 735
St. Thomas, Knox county 1003
St. Vincent de Paul, Logansport 53
St. Wendel's, St. Wendel 399
St. Meinrad's Abbev, Sjjencer
county 909
Journal Building, Indianapolis.. 965
Old People's Home, Avilla 87
St. Mary's School-house, Rich-
mond 549
(XX)
A HISTORY OF THE CATHOLIC CHIRCH
IN THE
STATK OK INDIANA.
CHAPTER I.
PRELIMINARY REFLECTIONS ST. BRENDAN, AN IRISH MONK, THE
FIRST DISCOVERER OF AMERICA THE COUNTRY CATHOLIC BY
DISCOVERY, EXPLORATION AND CHRISTIANIZATION.
NO \vork purporting to be a church history, and aiming to tell
the story of Catholicity, even in the state of Indiana, could
be anything like complete and acceptable without mention being
made in it of the discoverers, explorers, colonizers and first planters
of the Faith on this continent.
This is due to truth as a general proposition, and it is due also
to the subject, even as treated within the limited scope of these
pages; for irrespective as to who was the first discoverer of this
country- — whether it was St. Brendan, the Irish monk and navi-
gator, Christopher Columbus, or Amerigo Vespucci — the fact still
remains that all of these, as well as .all of the early explorers
and colonizers, were members of the Catholic church, while, indeed,
many of them were priests, and not a few prominent leaders among
the great religious orders.
*Chinese scholars, according to Dillon, claim that their ships, as early as
458 A. D., made voyages to the western coast of America, which they called Fau
-Sang.
2 — (2r)
INDEX VOL. II.
CHURCH VIEWS, ETC.— VOL. H.
Annunciation H. \'. M., Brazil.. . 755
Annunciation 13. \'. M, New Al-
bany 183
Assumption, Avilla 1309
Holy Family. Oldenburg 487
Holy Guardian Angels, Cedar
Grove 1435
Immaculate Conception, Aurora. 863
Immaculate Conception, Rush-
ville 537
Visitation B. V. M., Huntingburg. 190
St. Ann's, Terre Haute 875
St. Anthonv", Morris 285
St. Benedict's, Terre Haute. .439-1447
St. Bernard's, Frenchtown 1415
St. Bernard's, Rockport 463
St. Bridget's, Logansport 341
St. Ferdinand's, Ferdinand 985
St. Francis Xavier,- X'incennes.. . 247
St. Gabriel's, Connersville 1329
St. James', St. James 413
St. John's, Loogootee 679
St. John the Baptist's, Dover 1301
St. John the Baptist's, Tipton. . . 329
St. John the Baptist's, Vincennes. 211
St. John the Evangelist's, War-
rick county 1414
St. Joseph's, Indianajiolis 31
St. Joseph's, Jasper 1021
St. Joseph's, "Logansport 273
St. Joseph's, Princeton 523
St. Joseph's, Reynolds 475
St. Joseph's, Terre Haute 233
St. Lawrence's, Lawrenceburg. . 953
St. Louis, Shoals 1405
St, Martin's, Siberia 809
St. Mary's, Decatur 1131
St. Ma/y's, Fort Wayne (Mother
of God) 659
St. Mary's, Greensburg 195
St. Mary's, Huntington 387
St. Mary's, \'igo county 851
St. Mary's of the Assumption,
Floyd Knobs 425
St. Michael's, Brookville 897
St. Michael's, Cannelton 65
St. Patrick's, Fort Wayne 129
St. Patrick's, Indianapolis 19
St. Patrick's, Terre Haute 921
St. Paul's, Fort Wayne 363
St. Paul's, Marion 1439
St. Paul's, New Alsace 1 167
St. Paul's, Valparaiso 595
St. Petei 's Fort Wayne 259
St. Rose of Lima, Monroeville. . 735
St. Thomas, Knox county 1003
St. Vincent de Paul, Logansport 53
St. Wendel's, St. Wendel 399
St. Meinrad's Abbey, Spencer
county 909
Journal Building, Indianapolis. . 965
Old People's Home, Avilla 87
St. Mary's School-house, Rich-
mond 549
(XX)
A HISTORY OF THE CATHOLIC CIU'RCII
IN THE
STATK OF INDIANA.
CHAPTER I.
PRELIMINARY REFLECTIONS ST. BRENDAN, AN IRISH MONK, THE
FIRST DISCOVERER OF AMERICA THE COUNTRY CATHOLIC BY
DISCOVERY, EXPLORATION AND CHRISTIANIZATION.
NO work purporting to be a church history, and aiming to tell
the story of Catholicity, even in the state of Indiana, could
be anything like complete and acceptable without mention being
made in it of the discoverers, explorers, colonizers and first planters
of the Faith on this continent.
This is due to truth as a general proposition, and it is due also
to the subject, even as treated within the limited scope of these
pages; for irrespective as to who was the first discoverer of this
country- — whether it was St. Brendan, the Irish monk and navi-
gator, Christopher Columbus, or Amerigo Vespucci — the fact still
remains that all of these, as well as -all of the early explorers
and colonizers, were members of the Catholic church, while, indeed,
many of them were priests, and not a few prominent leaders among
the great religious orders.
^Chinese scholars, according to Dillon, claim that their ships, as early as
458 A. D., made voyages to the western coast of America, which they called Fau
.Sang.
2 ~72r)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
Notwithstanding the prejudiced opposition, or ignorance, of
some historians who have appeared since the rehgious revolt of
Martin Luther and his followers against the mother church and
against everything Catholic — and we might say against everything
Irish, too, since the term, Irish, in a general sense, is synonymous
with the word Catholic — it is nevertheless asserted, and with no
small showing of truth, that St. Brendan, the navigator, an Irish
monk and holy bishop, who was born in the year 484, and died in
577, at the age of ninety-six, saw and touched the shores of what
is now the United States of North America, nearly 500 years before
Lief Erickson, the Norseman, is said to have discovered them in
the year looi.
More than 300 years before the daring Norsemen, in the year
860, were driven by a violent storm upon the coast of Iceland, and
thus by mere accident discovered that island — which had many
years previously been discovered and inhabited by Irish monks —
St. Brendan, the navigator, full of. religious zeal and the spirit of
inquiry and discovery, was daringly coursing along the western limits
of the then unknown and much dreaded Atlantic. With his bark
headed for the south, he must have touched upon the shores of
what are now the states of Georgia and Florida, according to a poetic,
description, for a bard says of the newly discovered land:
The wind had died upon the ocean's breast,
When like a silvery vein through the dark ore,
, A smooth bright current sfliding to the west
Bore our light bark to that enchanted shore.
It was a lovely plain — spacious and fair,
And blessed with all delights that earth can hold;
Celestial odors filled the fragrant air,
That breathed around that green and pleasant wold.
There may not rage of frost, nor snow, nor rain
Injure the smallest and most delicate^ flower;
Nor fall of hail wound the fair healthful plain,
Nor the warm weather, nor the winter's shower.
That noble land is all with blossoms flowered,
Shed by the summer breezes as they jjass;
Less leaves than blossoms on the trees are showered,.
And flowers grow thicker in the fields than grass..
We were about to cross this placid tide
When lol an angel on our vision broke,
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
Clothed in white ujion the- further sitle;
He stood majestic, and thus sweetly spoke —
" Father, return, thy mission now is o'er.
God, wlio did bring thee here, now bids thee go;
Return in peace unto thy native shore,
And tell the mighty secrets thou dost know."
Accordin^^ to the Most Rev. John Healy, D. D.. LL. D., bishop
of Clonfert, Ireland — the very see founded by St. Brendan himself
— the first discoverer of America built his oratory on the summit
of Brandon Hill, and there conceived the bold idea of seekin"- the
promised land beyond the billows of the Atlantic — "the Fortunate
Islands " — the continent of America.
Brandon Hill, continues Bishop Healy, in his work entitled
" Ireland's Ancient Schools and Scholars," rises over the ocean to
the height of 3, 127 feet at the northwestern corner of the barony
of Corcaguiny to the south of the bay of Tralee (Ireland). The
entire promontory of Corcaguiny is one range of bare and lofty hills,
at the extremity of which Mount Brandon rises as a huge detached
cone overlooking the western ocean.
It was a daring thought to build his cell and oratory on the
bare summit of this lone mountain, which is frequently covered
with clouds and nearly always swept by the breezes that rise from
the Atlantic ocean. But on a clear day the spectacle from its
summit is one of sublime and unapproachable grandeur. All the
bold hills and headlands from Arran to Kenmare, that go out to
meet the waves, are visible from its summit. The rocky islets of
the Skelligs and the Maherees are the sentinels that guard its base.
Inland, the spectator can cast his gaze over half of the south of
Ireland — mountain and valley, lake and stream, and plain and
town, stretching far away to the east and south.
But the eye ever turns seaward to the grand panorama pre-
sented by the ultimate ocean. No other such sea view can be had
in the British islands; and St. Brendan, while dwelling on the
mountain summit, saw it in all its varying moods — at early mornin'^,
when the glory of the sun was first diffused over its wide reaches;
at midnight, when the stars that swept round the pole fear to dip
themselves in the baths of the ocean; at even— above all, at even
— when the setting sun went to his home beyond the sea, and the
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
line of light along the glowing west seemed a road of living gold
to the "Fortunate Islands," where, supposedly, the sorrows of
earth never enter, and peace and beauty forever dwell.
It was a dim tradition of man's lost paradise floating down
the stream of time, for with curious unanimity the poets and sages
of both Greece and Rome spoke of these Islands of the Blessed
as located somewhere in the western ocean. The same idea, from
earliest times, has taken strong hold of the Celtic imagination,
and reveals itself in many strange tales which were extremely popu-
lar, especially with the peasantry of the western coast.
To this day the existence of O'Brazil, an enchanted land of
beauty, which is seen sometimes on the blue rim of the ocean, is •
very confidently believed in by the fishermen of the western
coast. It is seen from Arran once every seven years, as St. Bren-
dan saw it in olden times, like a fairy city on the horizon's verge —
And often now, amid the purple haze
That evening breathed on the horizon's rim,
Methought, as there I sought my wished-for home,
I could descry, amid the water's green.
Full many a diamond shrine and golden dome,
And crystal palaces of dazzling sheen. ,
St. Brendan resolved to seek out in the far western sea a land
which, for want of abetter name, was spoken of by him among
his brethren as the Promised Land, the Blessed Islands — a land
known only in the legends, but which the saint and the scholars of
his time figured out as of necessity having an actual existence. He
therefore fasted with his brother-monks for forty days, and then,
choosing fourteen of them to be his companions on his adventur-
ous voyage, he made ready his ship, and, strengthened by the
encouraging endorsement of his undertaking by St. Enda and
others, he embarked. " •
For seven years he sailed the western wave and touched the
eastern shores of this continent, not by accident, but through
intent, his chief purpose being to confirm his calculations that
there was land to the far west, and by discovering that land dis-
*See manuscript copies of his Seven Years' Voyages in the Atlantic Ocean,
and Cardinal Moran's Latin Life of St. 15rendan.
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
prove the erroneous notion then held by even some of the learned
of Europe and still accepted by the masses in the time of Colum-
bus, a thousand years later, that the earth was Hat, and that
beyond the then unknown islands of the eastern Atlantic, the
ultima thule, nothing existed but an interminable ocean, covered
with cold fogs — the home' of tempests and terrors and terrible sea
monsters.
The return of St. Brendan, after seven years of voyaging, and
the accounts which he gave of his discoveries, coupled with his
re-enforced conclusion that the earth was a sphere and that the
then debated and almost execrated doctrine of the antipodes was
not only tenable, but a fact, caused to be noised abroad through-
out Ireland, and also on the continent, particularly among the
clergy and the scholars of that day, the fame of his voyages, his
discoveries, and the proofs they afforded of his previous teachings
against the false idea that the earth was flat, and that the con-
demned antipodal doctrine was nevertheless true. Baldwin's
"Prehistoric Nations," p. 401, as quoted by Dillon, says that an
Irish scholar, on being summoned before Pope Zachary, in 748,
charged with heresy on the subject of the antipodes, admitted the
charge by declaring " that the Irish were accustomed to communi-
cate with a trans-Atlantic world."
Tradition among the early Irish monks and scholars, and
allusions by the Annalists," invest the voyage and discoveries of
St. Brendan with about equal shares of fact and fancy. The rea-
son why the fact part was not more prominently set forth at the
time, was not merely that the compass and the art of navigation,
as we now understand them, were then unknown — thereby render-
ing it impossible to give precise location of discovered countries,
distances and the like exact information— but rather was it that
anything tending to disprove the settled yet erroneous belief of the
common people that the earth was an extended flat plain, and that
the sun actually rose through a great opening in the east and
descended through a like vast hole in the western ocean, would
also serve to unsettle, if not completely destroy, the religious faith
*See Annals of Clonmacnois and of Ulster.
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
of the people. To the minds of many reh'gious teachers nothing,
however worthy, could compensate for so great an evil.
Rather than openly, and without prospect of good, contradict
the apparent fact, evidenced to the people daily by their sense of
sight, that the sun rose and actually moved across the vault of
heaven, and the scriptural fact that Joshua commanded that same
sun to stand still in its course on a certain occasion, these mon-
astic scholars, who preceded Galileo and Copernicus by centuries,
fearing for the religious faith of the masses, spoke in whispers and
behind closed doors of their scientific and practical belief in the
rotundity of the earth, its revolution on its axis, and the evidences
of such gained in part by the voyages and discoveries of St. Bren-
dan and others. It is such considerations as these that account
for the fact that much greater publicity was not given to the dis-
covery of America by St. Brendan in the sixth century.
It can, therefore, be asserted as a truth that we do not have
to wait until Columbus' day for a Catholic discoverer of this conti-
nent. That first discoverer was not in the person of a Norseman,
but, rather, in that of a pious Irish monk, who received both his
secular and religious training and instructions from persons taught
by St. Patrick himself, nearly one hundred years before.
Investigation which has recently been undertaken by some of
the best scholars of Ireland, and which is backed by liberal patrons,
will, it is hoped, bring into clearer light the truth of the claim, that
St. Brendan the Navigator, an Irish monk and holy bishop, the
founder of the see of Clonfert, Ireland, was the first discoverer of
the American continent.
The subsequent discovery of the shores of this continent by
the Norsemen in the year looi led to no practical results; it was
reserved for Christopher Columbus, the renowned Genoese and
devout Catholic,^ to be, as he himself believed he was, the Provi-
*The term Catholic need not be, and it is not here, used in any boastful sense
as characterizing Christopher Columbus as the recognized ])ractical iliscoverer of
this continent. It would be needless, and, to a degree, senseless, to thus employ or
emphasize it; for, as late as the day of Columbus, 1492, Christianity was known
under no other form than the Catholic form. It was not until a quarter of a cen-
tury later, 1.517, that what is now known as Protestant Christianity had its origin
with Martin Luther, in Germany.
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
dential instrument employed to the great end that this continent
be brought within the elevating and civilizing influences of the
Christian religion.
As far as subsequent practical results are concerned, no one
can deny that Christopher Columbus was the real discoverer of
America. The notable year of his great discovery, 1492, saw a
whole continent added to the map of the world, and also the begin-
ning of bright prospects for spreading the gospel of the Man-God
in the newly discovered region.
It will not deprive the great Christopher Columbus of any
just credit that may be due to him on account of his discovery of the
western continent to here record the facts, not generally known,
that, from a period long before the time of St. Brendan, in the
sixth century, down almost to our own time, the religious orders in
the Catholic church were the preservers of all kinds of knowledge
and letters, both sacred and profane. The monasteries were the
archives in which were stored the rich fruits of their labors and
studies. There was intercommunication between monks of differ-
ent monasteries not only in the same country but also between
those of different countries, even between those of the west and
those of the far east. St. Brendan was in communication with all
the Irish monasteries, as well as with many outside; and represent-
atives of these ancient schools going abroad to establish other
schools or to teach in those already in existence brought with
them the story of St. Brendan's seven years' voyage and his dis-
coveries and experiences. .Hence in every monastery in Europe
was recorded the voyage of the saint and the extent to which he
had been able to demonstrate the rotundity of the earth, its diurnal
and annual motions, and the physical facts deduced therefrom
which at the time had weight in determining the teaching as to the
antipodes.
The monks of the convent of La Rabida, who took such deep
interest in Christopher Columbus, and championed his cause before
Queen Isabella, of Spain, knew well the prospects of success
which were before him in his undertaking to find an all-water pass-
age to the East Indies — to discover a new country. They knew,
as Columbus knew, that land was to the far west— the land that
"~(27)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
St. Brendan saw many centuries before. The Columbuses, the
Cabots, the Vespuccis, and all the men of that period, 1492 to-
1520, who became famous through their voyages and discoveries —
every one of them must have heard of the Irish navigator and
learned from the sages' of the monasteries the story of his seven
years of seafaring. The astronomers and mathematicians among
the monks, and even those of the laity, were a unit as to the doc-
trine of the antipodes. The learned everywhere questioned and
scouted the false notion that the earth was an extended plain with
an impassable ocean hemming it in on one side, while fastnesses
and mountains hedged it on the other. They knew and accurately
demonstrated that it was a globe many generations before circum-
navigation was an accomplished fact.
When, therefore, Isabella gave up her jewels and had them
sold to aid Columbus in his preparations, she had assurances far
beyond those which day-dreamers are accustomed to give. The
scholars among the monks had given her proofs as to the prospects
of success, and they reminded her of the stories which for centuries
had been told of St. Brendan. The same arguments that were
used to induce Isabella to give up her trinkets were those which
comforted Columbus with the hope of finding a new land. The
only difference was that he was able to do the calculating himself,
while she had some one to do it for her. In any case, neither Co-
lumbus nor Isabella was much in the dark. Brendan had set up a
beacon light on the other shore. He had indicated the direction
in which to sail — he had staked out the way. Even if centuries
had elapsed since Brendan's day, the story of his voyage and dis-
covery was ever new. True, it had to be told in whispers and
withheld from the ignorant lest they sink back into savagery and
barbarism; but the facts were recorded in the monasteries and the
majority of the monks were acquainted with them.
No matter what other motives may have been ascribed to
Columbus as impelling him in his voyages — whether it was to
determine the existence of an all-water route to India, or an itch
for the possible discovery of other islands west of the Canaries with
a view to please the Spanish sovereigns — Ferdinand and Isabella —
it is certain that he had for a long time previously been convinced
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
that Asia or other lands inhabited by other people lay to the west-
ward; and he felt a Providential impulse which, even in his fifty-
sixth year, urged him— compelled him— to go thither over a track-
less ocean, that, through his practical pathfinding, the religion of
Christ might be brought to the people of that distant region. He
himself in his letters tells us, in substance, that paving the way for
the Christian missionary was the primary object he had in view in
making the hazardous voyages, which no other man of his imme-
diate day dared undertake.
In keeping with the idea of Columbus, the Spanish explorers
of the newly-found continent were always accompanied by priests
of the Catholic church. These holy men often baptized whole
companies of savages, preparing them for life beyond the cruel
grave into which the military authorities but too often hurled them.
These brave leaders of the religious orders, Franciscans,
Dominicans and Jesuits as they were, christianized the Indians,
established missions and taught the natives the rudiments of agri-
culture. They taught them to read and write, too — arts which
the red men enjoyed through Catholic labor and liberality more than
a hundred years before the Puritan had established himself upon the
shores of New England. From the Atlantic coast across the coun-
try to Mexico and to the Pacific, through what are now the states
of Florida, Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi, these holy and zeal-
ous missionaries proceeded, cross in .hand, often ending their untold
trials and sufferings by death at the hands of the savage Indians,
whom they labored so incessantly to save. For upwards of a hun-
dred years after the discovery by Columbus the south and west
were the vast territory explored, christianized and bettered by the
Spanish missionaries only.
Following the good work thus accomplished in the south and
west, missionaries of the Jesuit and Recollect orders from France,
about 1602, began their noble work at the mouth of the St. Law-
rence river. They pressed forward, doing a vast amount of good
and everywhere winning the hearts of the Indian tribes along the
great lakes, across to the upper Mississippi and down that mighty
stream to the gulf of Mexico.
The conclusion aimed at and to be drawn from an amplification
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
of what is merely hinted at here is, that America is Catholic by
discovery, by exploration, to a degree by defense and by the har-
mony that exists between our political institutions and the genius
of the church. The four corners of not only the country but the
continent itself, bear the marks of Catholicity. Our oldest Amer-
ican cities, the chief rivers of the country, and many of its great
natural features bear the names of saints — men and women whose
lives have been made glorious and illustrious by the practice of
those virtues which the church proposes to her children everywhere
and in every age. The Catholic church and her children are,
therefore, no strangers in this "Land of the Free." The Catho-
licity of the church, implying universality even as to place, pre-
cludes its being an exotic anywhere, but more especially in this
country — a land which it has reclaimed from the wastes of oblivion
and from the nothingness of ignorance.
The pioneer forerunners or reclaimers, not to mention St.
Brendan, Columbus or Amerigo Vespucci, were Ponce de Leon,
the discoverer of what is now the state of Florida; Balboa, the
discoverer of the Pacific ocean; De Soto, who discovered the lower
Mississippi and first raised the cross in the country to the west of
it, and Father Marquette, who discovered and explored the upper
Mississippi; LaSalle, who, as a navigator and explorer, conquered
the inland seas of America and opened them to a commerce which
to-day is the wonder of the commercial world; Verazzani, who first
entered New York bay, was as reliant upon the crucifix as upon the
helm of his ship; Cortez, who opened the way to the civilization of
our adjoining republic, Mexico, and the planting of the faith upon
its soil; and Cartier and Champlain, whose names are associated
with Canadian civilization, the one having named its great river
after St. Lawrence, and the other, after discovering Lake Ontario
and the territory so named, was subsequently himself honored by
having the beautiful lake Champlain named after him. And thus,
in the lives and works of such men and their numerous coreligion-
ists, the Catholic faith and civilization were planted on these
shores.
(30)
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
CHAPTER II.
OBSTACLES TO THE SPREAD OF CATHOLICITY IN THE UNITED STATES
BRITISH PENAL LAWS FOLLOW CATHOLICS TO AMERICA
CATHOLICS VS. PROTESTANTS FOR LIBERTY OF CONSCIENCE.
FROM what has been outhned in the preceding pages — where it
has been shown that to the CathoHc church and her children
are due the honor and credit of discovering, exploring and chris-
tianizing this country, and even to a degree developing and defending
it — one would conclude that the proscription of the Catholic religion
in this land would be about the very last thing to be thought of by the
colonists and early settlers or their descendants. But disappoint-
ments follow, as a shadow the substance, in the wake of all human
affairs, and it was so with the Catholic church in these early days,
even in respect to its spirituality. It was proscribed by putting in
force on this side of the Atlantic the infamous penal statutes .with
which England attempted the extirpation of Catholicity on British
soil and in Ireland.
Lord Baltimore established civil with religious liberty in Mary-
land in 1634. Our own Bancroft, the historian, sa)'S of it: "The
Roman Catholics, who were oppressed by the laws of England,
were sure to find a peaceful asylum in the quiet harbors of the
Chesapeake, and there, too, Protestants were sheltered from Prot-
estant intolerance." The first notable instance of protection
for Protestants in Maryland was the reception of the \'irginia Pur-
itans, who were expelled from that colony in 1642; and a promi-
nent instance of the bad faith and intolerance of the Puritans them-
selves was the rebellion of these very men, heading a mob against
the authority of Lord Baltimore and the Catholics just two
years later.
IbT)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
On the restoration of peace and order in 1664 by Gov. Cal-
vert, who had arrived with a body of troops, the very first thing-
done by the general assembly, which was Catholic, was the passage
of the Toleration act—" an act," says McSherry, " that must for-
ever render memorable the founders and people of Maryland."
The bad faith shown by both Protestants and Puritans was not
enough to prevent the great Catholic majority and the Catholic
authorities from exhibiting their love for justice, the rights of con-
science and humanity, in the passage of the act referred to, the
words of which are as follows:
Whereas, The enforcing of conscience in matters of religion, hath fre-
quently fallen out to be of dangerous consequence in those commonwealths where
it has been practiced, and for the more quiet and peaceable government of this
province, and the better to preserve mutual love and unity amongst the inhabit-
ants; therefore, be it enacted, that no person whatsoever within this province, or
the islands, ports, harbors, creeks or havens thereunto belonging, professing to
believe iii Jesus Christ, shall from henceforth be anyways troubled or molested, or
discontenanced for, or in respect of, his or her religion, nor in the free exercise
thereof within this province or the islands thereunto belonging, nor any way com-
pelled to the belief or exercise of any other religion against his or her
consent. * * *
It was only five years after the passage of this memorable act
when, opportunity offering, the Puritians, with aid from England,
repealed the Toleration act, and substituted for it a decree deny-
ing the protection of the law to Catholics and denouncing their
faith and practices. *
It was in 1692 that a Protestant governor was given the place
of Gov. Calvert, and the Anglican church and the penal code
were established by law in Catholic Maryland. In 1704 a law was
passed which, if the writer is not at fault in memory, was entitled
"A law to prevent the increase of Popery." That law, together
with kindred enactments, is thus summarized by the late John
O'Kane Murray:
1. Catholic bishops and priests were forbidden to say mass, or in any way
exercise their ministry.
2. Catholics were deprived of the elective franchise unless they renounced
their faith.
:'.. Catholics were forbidden to teach.
* Oddities of Colonial Legislation.— Dillon— p. '6d.
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
4. Catholics were obliged to support the established ( Anglican ) church.
5. Catholics were forced to pay a doul)le tax.
6. It was strongly recommended thai "children were to be taken from the
pernicious influence of popish parents."
7. A Catholic child, by becoming a Protestant, could exact his share of
property from his parent.s, " as though they were dead ."
8. Catholic emigrants were forl)id(UMi to enter Maryland.
Except as to permission being granted to Catholics to assist at
mass privately in their own homes, all these infamous laws —
blotches upon the fair fame of Catholic Maryland— remained in force
for full seventy years, or until the Revolution, when opportunity
Avas offered that Catholics might redress their wrongs by aiding in
patriotically and completely wresting the colonies from the control
of brutal England.
Proscription of Catholics in New York found its full expres-
sion in the assembly convoked in 1691, when it was decreed that
all acts of the assembly of 1683, and those previous thereto favor-
ing or tolerating Catholicity, were null and void. So well did the
spirit of oppression and intolerance assert itself, that in 1696 only
seven Catholic families could be found on the whole of Manhattan
island. A colonial act of the year 1700 decreed that: (i) Any
Catholic clergyman found within the limits of the colony of New
York after November i, 1700, should be "deemed an incendiary,
an enemy of the Christian religion, and shall be adjudged to suffer
perpetual imprisonment." (2) If a Catholic priest escaped from
prison, and was retaken, he was to suffer death. (3) Any one
harboring a priest was liable to be fined $1,000, and to stand three
days on the pillory.
The following year, 1701, a law was passed by the same
delectable authority in New York excluding Catholics from office
and depriving them of the right to vote. In 1702 good Queen
Ann granted liberty of conscience to all the inhabitants of New
York, " Papists excepted." This was followed in 17 18 by acts of
the British parliament, having force in this country as well as in
England, that for the apprehension of a Popish bishop, priest or
Jesuit, $500 were offered as a reward, the conditions being that he
be prosecuted until convicted of saying mass, or exercising any
other function of a Popish bishop or priest. (2) "Any Popish
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
bishop, priest or Jesuit" found saying mass or exercising any other
pari of his office was to be perpetually imprisoned. (3) Any
Catholic convicted of keeping school, or educating youth, was to
be perpetually imprisoned. (4) Any person sending his child
abroad to be educated in the Catholic faith should be fined $500.
(5) No Catholic could acquire title to lands.
The same spirit found sway in Virginia, the Carolinas, in
Georgia, and throughout New England. It were safer to be a
wolf or a bear in nearly any community in this country previous to
the Revolution than to be a Catholic.
If it be asked why this should be so, the answer is that the
power and hateful dominion of England were back of it. From
the days of lecherous Harry, but more particularly since William
III, down to George III, when liberty became a mockery, the
Catholics within the power of these monarchs were treated as if
wild beasts, without rights, feelings or conscience. It was not
enough to reduce them to the level of "hewers of wood and draw-
ers of water," but they must be extirpated. Such was England's
decree and such was the purpose of English bigots on the Amer-
ican continent and among the early colonists, and such it is among
England's emissaries in this country to-day.
But the Revolution, which called forth the Declaration of
Independence in 1776, constrained the continental congress in
1774 to pronounce in favor of the broadest toleration in religion.
In other words the Protestants and Puritans were very wilHng to
obey the king and the parliament in oppressing Cathohcs, but just
as soon as oppression began to be visited upon themselves they were
very willing to look to these same Catholics for help against the
very power which they themselves obeyed in efforts to crush out
both the Catholics and their faith.
From the day of the achievement of the independence of this
country a noble work in which Catholics took a most prominent
and decided part — down to our own time, the spirits of William
of Orange, of the good Oueen Ann and of George III have been
cropping out whenever opportunity offered. While the national
constitution may declare, that "Congress shall make no law
respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free:
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
exercise thereof," yet we know that several of the states have
continued to keep aHve the prescriptive spirit of the Enghsh penal
statutes. We also know that both societies and individuals who
have been inoculated with the virus of prejudice and religious big-
otry, from time to time, in our day, allow themselves to riot in
their day-dream of extirpating the Catholic faith and all profess-
ors of the same. The days of know-nothingism, the times of
burning Catholic churches and convents, and the more modern
but well-recognized cry of the A. P. A., all tell the same story of
intolerance, bigotry, false witness and religious rancor.
Speaking along this line of thought in 1790, Archbishop Car-
roll said: " Having renounced subjection to England, the Ameri-
can states found it necessary to form new constitutions for their
future government, and happily a free toleration of religion was
made a fundamental point in all these new constitutions; and in
many of them, not only a toleration was decreed, but also a per-
fect equality of civil rights for persons of every Christian profes-
sion. In some, indeed, the yet unextinguished spirit of prejudice
and intolerance excluded Catholics from this equality.
' 'Many reasons concurred to produce this happy and just article
in the new constitutions: (i) Some of the leading characters in the
direction of American councils were, by principle, averse to all
religious oppression; and having been much acquainted with the
manners and doctrines of Roman Catholics, represented strongly
the injustice of excluding them from any civil rights. (2) Catholics
concurred as generally, and with equal zeal, in repelling that
oppression which first produced the hostilities with Great Britain;
and it would have been impolitic as well as unjust to deprive them
of a common share of advantages purchased with common danger
and united exertions. (3) The assistance, or at least the neutrality,
of Canada was deemed necessary to the success of the United
States; and to give equal rights to Roman Catholics might tend to
dispose the Canadians favorably to the American cause. Lastly,.
France began to show a disposition to befriend the United States,
and it was conceived to be very impolitic to disgust that powerful-
kingdom by unjust severities against the religion which it professed. '"
While on the surface the religious liberty feature may have
(35),
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
been carried out, yet the equality feature, touching civil rights, was
not recognized until comparatively recently in several of the states.
In New Hampshire, down until 1878, it was required by the con-
stitution of that state that every member of the house of representa-
tives, and also of the state senate, should be of the Protestant
religion. The governor of the state must also be a Protestant.
None other than Protestants were eligible to office. In the state
of New York, civil rights were accorded to Catholics only as late
as 1806; in Massachusetts, in 1821; in Virginia, 1830; in New
Jersey, 1844; while, in contrast with these, all the states in which
Catholics were the original proprietors, such as Florida, Louisiana,
Texas, Indiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Maine, Missouri, Arkansas,
Michigan, Iowa, Wisconsin and California, solemn treaties guaran-
teed both civil rights and the free exercise of religion and perfect
liberty of conscience. Without any intention to compare Catho-
licity with Protestantism in these respects, the comparison, never-
theless, suggests itself —thrusts itself forward, because of the facts.
When the local laws of a state are out of sympathy with the
general spirit of the national constitution, the inharmony so strikes
the citizen that he inquires and investigates. If he is intelligent
and fair-minded, he sees the drift of affairs, and both his sympathy
and his sense of justice are appealed to in the interests of the citi-
zens who are discriminated against. It is this way that the several
states have been compelled to wipe out from their statute books
every discriminating and proscriptive law that, from early colonial
days, existed against Catholics. It was a slow process, it is true,
but if slow it was sure as fate itself. It was bound to come when-
ever English power waned in this country.
This tendency in the public mind began to show itself, as we
have seen, as early as 1774, and doubtless for the reasons assigned
in the extract we have made from the writings of Bishop Carroll,
wherein it is implied that aside from there being fair-minded men
among the colonists there was intelligence enough among the
leaders to recognize the fact that the Catholic church, although
robbed and outlawed in England and Germany, was nevertheless
a great power in the temporal world, and that it would not be wise
to continue to proscribe it on the American continent, especially in
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
view of the strugf^le for liberty which the colonists were making
against England.
Canada was largely Catholic at the time, and if her co-opera-
tion was not to be had, her ill will might be averted by fair treat-
ment of Catholics among the colonists. France was Catholic and
the colonists were looking to that kingdom for the assistance
which they afterward received. Spain, too, was Catholic, and
its assistance for the work of colonial independence was extended
and accepted, as was that also of Catholic Poland.
Then there were the prominent Catholics in both the army
and navy, and high in the councils of the rebels. Charles Carroll of
Carrollton signed the Declaration of Independence. Commander
Jeremiah 0'P)rien fought the first naval battle of the Revolution,
May II, 1775, in Machias Bay, Maine, in which he captured two
British ships. It was Commodore John Barry who earned the title
of " Father of the American Navy," and who was the instructor of
his able successors, Murray, Decatur, Dale and Stewart. Beside
the Moylans, the Barrys, the O'Briens, the Carrolls arid thousands
of other Catholics prominent in the Revolutionary struggle, there
were also LaFayette, Pulaski, Kosciusko and other foreign Catho-
lics who were on the side of liberty. All the Catholics among the
colonists were a unit against England and entered the continental
army whole-hearted for the cause of liberty. There was not an
Arnold to be found amongst them, no, not even a skulker or a
■coward. So well esteemed were Catholics in the hour of need,
that even on the roster of the " Life Guard "' of Gen. Washington
we find such names as those of Thomas Gillen, Jeremiah Driscoll,
S. Daily, Charles Dougherty, William Hennessy, Dennis Mori-
arty, James Hughes and others.
When, therefore. Gen. Washington finding in the camp at
Boston some preparations to continue the old, silly custom of
burning the Pope in effigy, he wrote the following order, bearing
date November 5, 1775:
" As the commander-in-chief has been apprised of a design
formed for the observance of that ridiculous and childish custom of
burning the effigy of the Pope, he cannot help expressing his sur-
prise that there should be officers and soldiers in the army so void
3 (37)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
of common sense as not to see the impropriety of such a step. * - *
It is so monstrous as not to be suffered or excused; indeed, instead
of offering the most remote insult, it is our duty to address pubHc
thanks to our (Catholic) brethren, as to them we are indebted for
every late success over the common enemy in Canada."
Many things occurred in Revolutionary times which had a very
salutary effect upon bigots generally. Instead of burning the Pope
in effigy at Boston, in 1775, three years later, 1778, the entire
town council assisted at Catholic funeral services over the body of
a French officer, and marched in procession through the streets, the
procession being headed by a large cross, and the priests wearing
all the regalia of their office and station as proper for the occasion.
But these things were the rare exceptions to the general practice
of proscribing both Catholicity and Catholics.
As an everlasting rebuke to the infamy of both the British
government and its emissaries in this country stand the charter
regulations, the assembly acts and decrees, by which the right to
worship God according to the ancient and Catholic form was
denied to all professors and adherents of the Catholic faith. The
late John B. Dillon, in his work entitled "Oddities of Colonial
Legislation," sets forth these infamous enactments against Cath-
olics and freedom of conscience, as if to help burn in deeper the
disgrace and odium which must forever attach to a people and a
nation that could subscribe to or enforce them. We quote extracts
from Dillon as follows:
Liberty of Conscience in Oeorgia— 1732— Extract from the charter granted
by George II on the 9th of June, 1732, for the province of Georgia:
"We do, by these presents, for us, our heirs and successors, grant, establish
and ordain, that forever hereafter there shall be a liberty of conscience allowed in
the worship of God to all persons inhabiting, or which shall inhabit, or be resident
within our said province, and that all such persons, except papists, shall have a free
exercise of religion."
Concerning Jesuits in Massachusetts— lG47--h is ordered and enacted by
authority of this court, that no Jesuit or spiritual or ecclesiastical person (as they
are ternmed) ordained by the authority of the Pope or see of Rome, shall hence-
forth at any time repair to or come within this jurisdiction; and if any person shall
give just cause of suspicion that he is one of such society or order, he shall be
brought before some of the magistrates, and, if he cannot free himself of such
suspicion, he shall be committed to prison or bound over to the next court of
assistants, to be tried and proceeded with, by banishment or otherwise, as the
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
court shall see cause. And if any person so banished be taken the second time
within this jurisdiction, ui-on lawful trial and conviction, he shall be put to
death; provided, this law shall not exten<l to any such Jesuit, spiritual or ecclesi-
astical person, as shall he cast uj.on our shores by shipwreck or other accident, so^
as he continue no longer than till he may have opportunity of passage for his-
departure * * *
Liberty of Conscience in Ma^'xac/iusetts— 1696— The William and Mary charter
for Massachusetts bay in New England, granted on the 3d of October, in the
seventh year of their reign, has the following among its provisions:
" We do, by these presents, grant, establish and ordain, that forever here^
after there shall be a liberty of conscience allowed in the worship of God to all
Christians (except papists) inhabiting, or which shall inhabit or be resident within
our said province or territorv."
An Art (ujainst Jesuifx and Popish Priestsin New York, passed July 31, 1700.—
Be it enacted by his excellency, the governor, council and representatives con-
vened in general assembly, and it is hereby enacted by the authority of the same,
that all and every Jesuit and seminary priest, missionary, or other spiritual or
ecclesiastical person, made or ordained by any authfirity, power or jurisdiction ,
derived, challenged or pretended from the Pope or see of Rome, now residing*
within this province, or any part thereof, shall depart from and out of the same at
or before the first day of November next, in the present year, seventeen hundred.
And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that all and every
Jesuit, seminary priest, missionary, or other spiritual or ecclesiastical person, made
or ordained by any authority, power or jurisdiction, derived, challenged or pre-
tended from the Pope or see of Rome, or that shall profess himself, or otherwise
appear to be such, by preaching and teaching of others to say any popish prayers,
by celebrating masses, granting of absolutions, or using any other of the Romish
ceremonies and rites of worship, by what name, title or degree soever, such person
shall be called or known, who shall continue, abide, remain, or come into this
province.or any part thereof, after the first day of November aforesaid, shall be
deemed and accounted an incendiary and disturber of the public peace and safetv
and an enemy to the true Christian religion, and shall be adjudged to suffer
perpetual imprisonment; and if any person, being so sentenced, and actually
imprisoned, shall break prison and make his escape, and be afterward retaken,
he shall suffer such pains of death, penalties and forfeitures as in cases of felony.
—[Laws of New York (published according to act of general assemblv 1752) PP
87,38.]
Freedom of Conscience in New Jersey, 1698.— That no person or persons * *
shall at anytime beany way molested, punished or disturbed, * * * Provided,
this shall not extend to any of the Romish religion, * * *
In good Queen Ann's instructions to Lord Cornbury, New
Jersey, 1702, is found the following:
You are to permit a liberty of conscience to all persons (except papists), so
they maybe contented with a quiet and peaceable enjoyment of the same * * *
Liberty of Conscience in New Hampshire, IGSO.—Charles II, commissioning
John Cutts president of the council for the provmce of New Hampshire, among
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
Other things, charges him that, •' for the greater ease and satisfaction of our said
loving subjects, in matters of religion, we hereby will, require and command, that
liberty of conscience shall be allowed unto all Protestants, and that such especially
as shall be conformable to the rites of the Church of England shall be particularly
countenanced and encouraged."— [Laws of New Hampshire, P. 4.]
In \'irginia, 1641, the assembly enacted "that no popish
recusant should at any time hereafter exercise the place or places
of secret counselors, registers, commissioners, surveyors or sheriffs
or any other public place, but be utterly disabled for the same." '^
From such a state of morals and conscience touching liberty
of thought and act as obtained among the early settlers and their
descendants, and without further reference to laws that now cause
men to blush for humanity's sake, it can be seen at a glance,
how difficult was the work which the priests of the Catholic church
were called upon to perform. The minds of the people were
depraved; the eccentricities of old age or the results of disease
were often called witchcraft, which was punished by death; it was
thought to be a sacred duty to either banish a Catholic priest, or
kill him if he persisted in remaining in the habitations of some of
the early colonists.
When the masses were called upon to enforce the behests of
corrupt kings and queens they in time became corrupt and brutal
themselves, holding, as they did, to the divine right of kings to
rule both body and soul as they willed. Ignorance and the lowest
order of superstition prevailed, and to-day we are still feeling the
effects of such. We can see the people still wearing the brand
that was burned into the hearts and souls of their ancestors.!'
How to efface that brand; how to educate the heart and the
* It should be understood that John B. Dillon, from whom we quote the above,
while not a Catholic, was a painstaking and accurate historian, whose veracity, as
such, has never been called in question. He was for many years a well-known
and highly respected citizen of the city of Indianapolis.
tThe case of Father Weinzoepfel, of Indiana, referred to in Chapter IV of
this book, where prosecution meant persecution, is an illustration of the evil effects
of the growth of bigotry and intolerance as developed from the seeds sown by Eng-
land's agents among the colonists. The masses of the non-Catholic i)eople were
taught to hate both the Catholic church and her priests. That hatred grew strong
from what it fed upon, ignorance, and the year 1843 in Indiana witnessed not the
burning of churches and convents as at Charlestown and Philadelphia, but a
trumped up, perjured, proceeding against a priest with a view to destroy him and
also additionally inflame the people against Catholicity.
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
head; how to bring these benighted people to a knowledge of the
truth, was the work, in part, not only of the missionaries to the
Indians, but also of those missionaries who, when the red man
was fading from view, had to deal with the very men who murdered
and robbed the aborigines. That was the work needful to be done
in pre-Revolution days, and it was the work which the early mis-
sionaries in the western wilderness had to do, and which their suc-
cessors down to this day have to do in the fulfillment of their
mission.
With the effect still felt of laws either imported from England
or enacted by the several colonial and provincial assemblies against
the Catholic religion, and with prejudice in the heart against its
pure teachings, what but almost insurmountable difficulties con-
fronted even the zealous priests who ministered to scattered human-
ity in the Northwest territory, or in the early days of Indiana!
With Catholicity tabooed in the east and south, and wherever
the British were in the ascendant, proscribed and maligned; with
few priests to minister to those of the faithful scattered over thou-
sands of miles of territory; with every inducement, including natural
inclination, to give up both the faith and practice of the church,
the task of laboring to revive in these parts the spirit of the Cath-
olic religion, even as late as the beginning of the nineteenth cen-
tury, must have been of no avail unless aided by supernatural
power.
That that power was present aiding the priests of the Catholic
church is evidenced by the church's triumph and by the promise:
" Behold I am with you all days even to the consummation of the
world." It is also manifest from the fact that while there yet
obtains among non-Catholics a degree of ignorance and prejudice,
there is nevertheless a modicum of enlightenment which begets
inquiry. And when this stage is reached the teachers of the
ancient faith know that fact and reason, aided by grace, will give
them the victory. "Seek and you shall find," to their minds, is
still a truth being realized every day.
(41)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
CHAPTER III.
EARLY PASTORS PAPAL BULL CREATING DIOCESE OF VINCENNES
CONSECRATION AND INSTALLATION OF BISHOP BRUTE HIS
FIRST PASTORAL LETTER.
POST or Fort Vincennes, or, as we now know it, the city of
Vincennes, Ind., from which the diocese of Vincennes was
given its name, was itself so-styled, according to Dr. R. H. Clarke,
"from a gallant French officer who was murdered there in 1736,
in the same massacre, side by side, with the martyred Father
Senat."
The post, or fort, was built in 1702, and a Jesuit priest, who
accompanied the French soldiers, who formed the expedition to
that point, offered up the first mass that was celebrated on the
Wabash river, or, perhaps, in Indiana. At least it was the first
mass of which there is any evidence remaining, although itinerant
priests are said to have performed their sacred functions at or near
the place now called Vincennes as early as the year 1660. and at
what is now Fort Wayne, Ind.. in the year 1676, or four years
before La Salle came.
The territory, which subsequently comprised the Vincennes
diocese, was then within the jurisdiction of the bishop of Quebec,
Canada, who in 1770 he sent his newly-appointed vicar-general, in
the person of Father Gibault, to visit the Illinois territory, and
Vincennes, particularly, and look after the spiritual wants of the
French and Indian Catholics of that section. Father Gibault
continued his occasional visits for several years, zealously exerting
himself to keep alive the faith of the people.
In 1778, at a critical period in the history of the country, he
made one of his periodical visits, and remained two weeks, during
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
which time he, having previously consulted with Gen. George
Rogers Clark, induced the Catholics, who constituted almost the
whole population, to declare in favor of the United States, as
against England. la fact, he himself administered the oath of
allegiance to them in the rude, unfinished church of St. Francis
Xavier, which subsequently became the cathedral church of the
diocese." In 1785 he became the resident pastor, but was recalled
three years after, leaving the church to be guarded by a Mr. Mallet,
who continued to care for the property until the arrival, in 1792,
of Father Flaget with authority, not from the bishop of Quebec,
but from Bishop Carroll, of Baltimore, who had been appointed
bishop in 1 790.
"THE PATRIOT PRIEST OF THE WEST."
Here it is proper to speak of Very Rev. Father Gibault, for
of all the men who, in early days in Indiana, made history in the
performance of duty, surely he was the most prominent.
His character was such that, notwithstanding his name and
that of his mother, Mary St. Jean, he was always regarded even
by the English as an Irishman by descent. He was generous,
impulsive, devoted to duty and to friends, and was brave in a higher
sense than the mere physical.
He was born at Montreal, Canada, April 7, 1737; was ordained
priest at Quebec, March 19, 1768, and died early in 1804, after
devoting thirty-six years of his life to the church and to humanity
and liberty. Some say he died at New Madrid, while others say
he died in Canada and that his burial place is known there. He
was too much of an American to die in Canada.
After ordination he at once entered upon his missionary labors,
having been sent by Bishop Briand, of Quebec, with powers as his
vicar-general, to bestir the faith of the French and Indian Catho- ^
lies in the Northwest Territory and to regulate the temporalities of
the various mission stations.
The church records at Quebec show letters from Father
Gibault to Bishop Briand, evidencing that his first mission, 1768,
* Indiana thereby became subject to the commonwealth of Virginia, which
publicly thanked Fra. Gibault.
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
was at Michilimachinac, now in the state of Michigan; his second,
also 1768, was Kaskaskia, now in the state of lUinois, and his
third was Vincennes, Indiana, which place he visited in 1770. His
authority extended from Mackinac in the north, to the Ohio river
in the south, and west to the Mississippi and beyond. During six
years of hard work he visited all the missions, and in 1775 returned
to Canada for a short rest.
This rest was indeed short, for, in 1776, we find him back
agam at his labors, beginning at Mackinac, passing on to Detroit
and reaching Kaskaskia in the fall of that year, where he contin-
ued to have his headquarters.
In this connection it will not be necessary to follow him in
detail on the mission in his very large parish of thousands of miles
in extent. What we deem happiest to mention here is the great
fact that, were it not for Father Gibault, the states of Indiana,
Ohio, Michigan, lUinois, Wisconsin and Minnesota— all carved out
of the Northwest Territory — might not to-day be smiling beneath
the folds of the starry banner.
It was Father Gibault who, in 1778, enthused the people of
Vincennes and actually administered to them the oath of allegiance
to the government of the United States. This was the year before
Gen. Clark captured the post from Gov. Hamilton, in 1779.
Clark's bloodless capture of Kaskaskia was also arranged for by
Father Gibault in 1778, and he even went farther in aid of the
American cause, for he furnished two companies of the Catholic
men of his parish, under the commands of Capts. McCay and
Charleville, to aid Gen. Clark in the capture of Vincennes. In fact.
Father Gibault had paved the way for the Americans by explain-
ing to the people of his missions the issues which caused the war
between England and the Americans, and he further seasoned his
explanations by telling his Catholic adherents the story of British
penal laws and persecutions looking to the extirpation of the
Catholic religion.
The details of the relations existing between Father Gibault
and the commonwealth of Virginia through Gen. Clark may never
be known in their completeness, but enough is known to evidence
the fact that before Gen. Clark appeared upon the scene the peo-
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
pie of Vincennes and Kaskaskia were won over to the American'
cause. Were these people not thus intluenced by "the patriot
priest of the west," the small army commanded by Gen. Clark
would have been annihilated by the British garrisons at these places,
aided by the people. Such a fate overtaking Gen. Clark, what
would have been the future of the territory and the people.? Who
is able to paint the picture, had Gibault been an Arnold! And yet
there are rich men in the city of New York who, a few years ago,
proposed to erect a monument to Arnold, the traitor, in Central
park, and there are indifferent or prejudiced men— some of them
rich— in Indiana, who up to this writing, 1898, and ninety-four
years since his death, are not making a move to do honor to the
memory of the " patriot priest of the west."
The genius of Catholicity and democracy in government fused
so completely in the soul of Father Gibault that with all his
strength he lent himself to the American cause. He hoped for
much for from government in America; his labors in behalf of such
a government were in keeping with the intensity of his hopes and
de'Iires. The truth is, he spent himself for religion and liberty.
And yet under the guise of the opposition of Bishop Carroll, of
Baltimore, to granting title to church property to any individual
priest, Father Gibault's request to Gov. St. Clair to grant him five
acres of land near Cahokia to be a home for him in his old age, was
denied. So that, after sacrificing his property and himself, and
influencing his people in favor of the American cause as against
that of the British, he was left unrewarded and died in poverty and
privation.
The late Hon. William H. English, of Indianapolis, in his his-
tory, "Conquest of the Northwest Territory," says:
There was no reason, however, why his (Father Gibault's) great services
should not have been properly recognized, )3ut they never were. As far as the
author is advised, no county, town or post-office bears his name; no monument has
been erected to his memory and no head-stone marks his grave, as its location is
entirely unknown.
It was well for him that he could turn to the religion of which he had been so
faithful a servant and find consolation in the trust that there was a heaven where
meritorious deeds such as his find reward, since they were so poorly appreciated
and requited on earth.
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
Let us now look farther into the part he took in the events which resulted in
the acquisition of "the territory northwest of the river Ohio."
During the long period between Father Gibault's arrival in the Illinois coun-
try and the capture of Kaskaskia he was a leading character in everything pertain-
ing to the spiritual, 'social, educational and material prosperity of the ancient
French villages. The good priest and those unsophisticated, humble, but honest
and loving people, were bound together by the closest and tenderest ties; and it is
not at all surprising that he had great influence with them.
Father Flaget became the first bishop of Kentucky in 1811,
when that state, as at present bounded, had a CathoHc population
of about 6,000. In fact, it was from Kentucky, whose Indian
name means "Dark and Bloody Ground," that Indiana received
not a few of its subsequent Catholic population.
If this Indian name, Kentucky, suggests to the mind a forbid-
ding picture, surely the vast expanse of country stretching thou-
sands of miles in every direction presented a very inviting one to
the civilized eye of the missionary. The unbroken forests, the
coursing streams — nature undisturbed everywhere united to woo
him of the pent-up class-room, the narrow street and the restraints
of monastic life. So that we, a hundred years later, can draw a
mental picture of that day and country, showing not only these
things, but also roving bands of savages sought out by the lonely
and laborious missionary, whose consuming zeal for God's honor
and the salvation of souls spread around him a halo which com-
manded the admiration and reverence of the savage. It is
said that the Christian engaged in prayer presents one of the most
sublime pictures; but since there be prayers and prayers, the life
of the faithful missionary is a continuous prayer, presenting a pic-
ture the beauties of which require a special grace to fully compre-
hend and enjoy.
Many priests labored in the wilds of what are now the states
of Indiana and Illinois from the year 1702, the year of the building
of Fort Vincennes, Fort St. Mary (now Fort Wayne) and Fort
"Ountanon." The names of not all of these priests are obtaina-
ble, not even of all who served as pastors, temporary or otherwise,
of St. Francis Xavier's church, at Vincennes. It is said, however,
that while the name of the first pastor — the Jesuit who accom-
panied the French expedition for fort-building — is unknown, that
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
■of his successor was Father Mermet, who was at \'incennes in
1707. The third was Father Senat, who was murdered, burned
at the stake, by the Indians in 1736; and the fourth was Father
Conic, who, according to Bishop Brute, was pastor at Vincennes
in 1748, there being no evidence going to show how long before or
since that year his ministrations continued.
There are two leading events connected with, and essential
to, the history of the Catholic church in the state of Indiana:
The one is the first ministrations of priests of the church in these
parts, and the other is the establishment of the diocese of \'in-
cennes.
Touching the first, we have a special Indian tradition going to
show, as above stated, that ' ' the first white man who visited the ter-
ritory, now Indiana, was a French Jesuit missionary, who came from
the old French mission of St. Joseph, of Lake Michigan, which
was one of the oldest Jesuit missions in the lake region. This mis-
sionary came among the Miamis (Fort Wayne) in the latter part of
the seventeenth century, probably in 1675."" Another tradition,
less probable and unsupported by anything like general use by
careful writers, is, that as early as 1660 Jesuit missionaries had
visited in the vicinity of Vincennes, and presumably saw the site
of the old fort itself while engaged in their calling of teaching the
Indians Christianity.
Tradition ceases and history proper begins for the church in
Indiana with the following entry upon the records found at Vin-
cennes, as copied by both Father Alerding and others:
June 25, 1749. I baptized John Baptist, son of Peter Siapiachagane and of
Catherine Mskieve; Francis Filatraux was god-father and Mary Mikitchenseive>
god-mother.— Sebast. Lud. Meurin.
From that date until 1836 there were about thirty prominent
among the itinerant missionaries and pastors who ministered to
the faithful at Vincennes and vicinity. Henry S. Cauthorn, in
his elaborate history of St. Francis Xavier Cathedral, gives lengthy
sketches of most of these priests, together with the dates of their
arrival and departure.
*History of Indiana, by Goodrich and Tuttle.
~147]
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
Thus we find that Rev. Louis Vivier arrived at Vincennes in
1753 and left there in 1756; Rev. Julien Devernai, 1756-1763;
Rev. Father Gibault, 1 770-1 789. It was onl}' during the last
four of these years that Father Gibault was resident pastor of
Vincennes, for in 1784 Rev. Louis Paget is recorded as having
ministered there, as did others also between 1770 and 1789. Rev.
Joseph Flaget came in 1792 and left in 1795.
Rev. Francis Rivet came the same year, 1795, and remained
until 1804. He was the first priest to draw a revenue from the
government; for congress, on the recommendation of President
Washington, who was besought in the matter by Bishop Carroll,
of Baltimore, had appropriated a $200 annuity for the support of
the Catholic priests at Vincennes.
Rev. D. Olivier made occasional visits from 1804 to 18 14.
The other missionaries halting at Vincennes during these years
were Rev. Urbain Guillet, a Trappist monk, 1808, Rev. Charles
Nerinckx and Rev. Steven T. Badin. Rev. Guy J. Chabrat
attended Vincennes from 181 5 to 1817, with intermissions, during
which Fathers Badin, Richards- and Rosati officiated. Father
Blanc, 1818-1820; Father Champomier, 1823-1831 ; Father Picot,
1831-1833; Father Lalumiere, 1833-1836, and Father Petit also
in 1833.
Among the missions established by the black-robed Jesuit
priests among the Indians along the rivers of Indiana, and to
which enough importance has been attached to have them men-
tioned by some writers, one has been overlooked, but about whose
existence prior to 1795 there can scarcely be a doubt. It was
located on the White river, at the juncture of Marion county with
Morgan and Johnson counties. In fact, it was in Decatur town-
ship, Marion county. Mr. John Dollarhide, the father of C. T.
Dollarhide, of the Bowen-Merrill company, of Indianapolis, heard
of the mission after he left his home in Randolph county, N. C. ;
and when he settled in the vicinity of the mission, in 1820, he
verified nearly all that had been told him concerning it — not only
that there had been a clearing made there twenty-five years before,
* Rev. Father Richards was elected delegate to congress from the territory of
Michigan in 1823. He served his term.
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
as he judged from the growth of young trees and underbrush,
but also that certain articles belonging to the Indians had been
unearthed, together with human bones from what must have been
the mission cemetery.
Judge Franklin Harding, of Johnson county, Ind., who died .
a few years ago. said that Maj. Harding, of Kentucky, a relative
of his, told him that the mission was destroyed by a band of
men from his state in 1/95- and that no quarter was given the
Indians.
Dr. Ryland T. l-3rown, in one of the Indiana geological
reports, refers to the positive existence of the mission, but says
that it was not destroyed until 1808. and then not by Kentuckians
but by a company of men from Madison, Ind.
William Landers, the father of Hon. Franklin Landers, of
Indianapolis, declared before he died that he had met and knew,
before 1820. an Indian who was educated in the rudiments of
Christianity and civilization at the mission referred to, and which
he said was conducted by Jesuit priests.
About six years ago, 1892, there were printed in the Indianap-
olis News many facts according with the above, from the pen of
Judge Banta, of Franklin. Ind.
In 1833 the needs of the Catholic communities lying north of
the Ohio river were represented to Pope Gregory XVI. who. on May
6th of the following year, erected the diocese of Vincennes. Vin-
cennes was the thirteenth diocese established in the United States,
that of Baltimore, 1789. being the first; the others were as follows:
New Orleans, 1794; New York, 1808; Boston, 1808; Philadelphia
1808; Bardstown, 1808; Charleston, 1820; Richmond, 1821; Cin-
cinnati, 1821; Mobile. 1824; St. Louis, 1826; Detroit, 1832.
The Papal bull creating the diocese of Vincennes is said to be
a choice piece of church Latinity, following no previous rule as to
matter or form, going straight to the point aimed at; overflowing
with a spirit of zeal, and while simple is yet quite brilliant, with a
finish as elegant as that of some of the masters. Bishop Brute,
the first bishop of the diocese which this bull created, and who
was himself a finished scholar, thus renders the Latin into very
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
good English. We present his translation of that important docu-
ment as follows:
PAPAL BULL CREATING THE DIOCESE OF VIXCENNES.
Gregory XVI, Sovereign Pontiff. For a perpetual memorial. Among the
very great and weighty cares and anxieties which continually burden and harass
us in the government and administration of the Universal church entrusted to us-
by Divine Providence, the most urgent assuredly is that which regards the state of
all the dioceses throughout the entire world: for in us it belongs, in virtue of our
supreme power and judgment, to establish them, to determine and change their
limits, as times and circumstances, and especially the spiritual good and advan-
tage of the faithful, appear to require it. Since, therefore, by the united suffrages
of our venerable brothers, the bishops of North America, it has seemed very fitting,,
in order to extend and strengthen the Catholic religion in the province or state of
Indiana, to erect and establish, with certain fixed limits, a new diocese, whose see
shall be at the city of Vincennes, we have referred for examination, a subject of
so much importance to the congregation of our venerable brothers, the cardinals
of the Holy Roman Church, who are placed over the concerns of the Propaganda.
Having therefore weighed all things maturely, and considered particularly the-
spiritual good which would accrue to the people of those countries, by the advice
and counsel of the same, our venerable brothers, we are assured that the establish-
ment of this new diocese and episcopal see would be very useful.
Of our own will, therefore, and of our certain knowledge, and in the plenti-
tude of our apostolic power, we, by these letters, do erect and establish in the
province or state of Indiana, in North America, a new diocese, of which the see
shall be the city of Vincennes, from which city the diocese shall receive its title.-
The extent of the diocese shall be the state of Indiana, and one part of Illinois,
the other part to be attached to the diocese of St. Louis, so that the limits of each,
diocese in the state of Illinois be determined in the following manner: Beginning,
from the river Ohio, which separates Kentucky from Illinois on the south, directly-
from Fort Massac, let a right line be drawn through the eastern boundaries of the
counties of Johnson, Franklin, Jefferson, Marion, Fayette, Shelby and Macon, to
the Grand Rapids of the Illinois river, which are eight miles above the town o£
Ottawa, in the county of Lasselle, and hence to the northern boundary of the state,.
so that the western part of the state of Illinois belong to the diocese of St. Louis,,
and the eatsern part to the diocese of Vincennes.
We therefore ordam that these' letters are and shall be inviolate, valid and
efficacious; that they have and retam their full power and entire force, and that
each and every article specified by us, be strictly fulfilled, and thus, as aforesaid,,
be without authority judged and defined, by all ordinary judges whatsoever, and
even delegated auditors of causes, the apostolical palace and the cardinals of the
Holy Roman church withholding from each and all of them any right to assign a
different judgment or interpretation; and that if any such be attem[ited knowingly,
or through ignorance, by anyone, whatever may be his authority, the same shall be
null and void, apostolic constitutions and ordinances and all other things to the
contrary notwithstanding.
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
Given at RoiiR', al Si. I'ctfi's, under tin; linii of the P^isherman, the Gth day-
of May 1834, and in tlje fourth year of our Pontificate. For Cardinal Albana.
A. PICCHIONI.
THE FIKST 15ISII01' OF VIXCENNES HIS FIRST PASTORAL LETTER.
The diocese of Vincennes having been created, the next thintr
be done was to supply it with a bishop. Who was to become
that dignitary.'' Teaching moral, theological and classical learning
in Mount St. Mary's seminary, Maryland, was Rev. Simon Will-
iam Gabriel Brute de Remur. He was chosen for the position,
and was consecrated at St. Louis, October 28, 1834, by Bishop
Flaget, assisted by Bishops Rosati and Purcell. The zeal of the
newly-made bishop caused him, the day after his consecration, to
address his first pastoral letter to his scattered flock in the wilds
of Indiana and Illinois. It is as follows and is an index to the
saintly character of Bishop Brute:
Simon, by the grace of God and the appointment of the holy see, bishop of
Vincennes, to the faithful of our diocese. Grace be unto you from God the
Father and the peace of our Lord, the Savior Jesus Christ.
Beloved brethren. Divine Providence sends me amon.i,^ you as the first
bishop of the newly-erected diocese of Vincennes. Through the unanimous call
of the bishops assembled in council in Baltimore last year, and the appointment
of the common father of the faithful, Gregory XVI, the vicar of our Lord and
Savior Jesus Christ on earth, as expressed in his bull of May last, unworthy as I
am of so great an honor, and of myself unequal of the charge, my only trust is in
God; and, therefore, earnestly calling for your prayers, that 1 may obtain His
Divine assistance, I come to be your chief pastor. . I come to be a first link in the
succession of those who, for ages to come, we do so trust in God, are destined to
attend their co-operators in a divinely instituted ministry to your spiritual wants
and those of your future progeny.
When you are thus entrusted to our care by the great Shepherd of our
souls, the warning of the Apostle of the nations, to us and to our successors in the
same charge, in the bosom of the Catholic church, is to be received with the
sacred mixture of fear and confidence that it necessarily creates. "Take heed to
yourselves and to all the flock over which the Holy Ghost hath placed you bishops
to rule the church of God which he hath purchased with His own blood."
Saying " yourselves are all the flock," the divine word, my brethren, forcibly
marks that the interest and duty, both of the pastors and flock are the same: To-
live in the same obedience and fidelity to their Lord and his church, having made
it an inseparable allegiance; to embrace his law, receive his grace and save together
their souls for the life to come. For, my brethren, every day spent on this earth
makes us draw nearer and nearer to eternity and that judgment of (iod that awaits
every one of us. Amidst all the anxieties and distractions of the present life, a
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
last day is approaching. Death will soon bid us go and leave all the occupations,
pains and pleasures of this world, to be shared by other passengers, like ourselves,
passengers of a day. Death will soon call us to " stand at the tribunal of Christ "
to receive from him the sentence of condemnation, happiness or misery through
that immense eternity.
Yes, beloved brethren, let one common interest and purpose cement our
union in Christ; to save together our souls. To reach heaven and avoid hell is our
common aim, to live a good life and do penance (for who needs not penance?) our
common duty. Giving glory to God and cherishing peace with all is our consola-
tion on earth; " faith, hope and charity, these three things," must prove our whole
treasure, as they are the only certain pledge of real and lasting happiness.
Such, my brethren, is the whole object and seal of our union in Jesus Christ.
He came to save us on the cross; we will trust and serve him as our Lord and
Savior. He taught first his divine doctrine, then instituted his church to preserve
it unchangeable to the end of time. We will, the pastor and flock, with one heart,
follow his doctrine, obey his only true church, the sacraments of his grace, and,
above all, the Eucharistic sacrifice; we will ever consider it as the richest legacy
of his love, established by him for our blessing; therefore, neither to be neglected
nor abused. Our baptism we will faithfully remember; in penance, through sincere
confession and contrition, we seek the remedy of our sins; in communion, the sup-
port and joy of our souls.
Your bishop, beloved brethren, entering thus on his duty, begs humbly and
earnestly your prayers, and entreats also fervently the God of Mercy to bless you;
to fill you with that spirit of peace, charity and piety which has the best promises,
both of the present time and of the life to come. Jesus Christ said: " I am the
way, the truth and the life." IMayhe ever find the pastor and the flock his faithful
followers and receive them together in the kingdom of his glory; may he give rest
to those who have gone before us, your departed friends, for whom we shall hence-
forth unite our prayers to yours, especially at the divine sacrifice.
With you, we shall honor the saints who reign triumphantly in heaven, call
for their protection and that of the angels, to whom, says the divine word, our Lord
" hath given charge over us, to keep us in all our ways." We place our cathedral
under the special protection of St. Francis Xavier, the whole diocese under that of
the glorious mother of God, the Blessed \"irgin Mary, toward whom it was, m all
ages, the spirit of the church that all Christians should entertain the most tender
devotion.
Beloved brethren, "we are the children of the saints," as we pass on earth
to go and meet them in heaven. Permit me, then, to conclude with these few
words more of the divine scriptures: "The grace of God and Savior hath appeared
to all men, instructing us that, renouncing iniquity and worldly desires, we should
live soberly and justly and piously in this world, waiting for the blessed hope and
the coming of the glory of the great God and our savior Jesus Christ * * * a
people acceptable, pursuing good works * * * he who shall persevere to the
end shall be saved * ■* * the grace and peace of our Lord be with you."
Given at St. Louis the day after our consecration, 29th, 8th month, 1834.
t Si.MON, Bishop of \incennes.
(52)
RT. REV. SIMON WILLIAM GABRIEL BRUTE,
FIRST BISHOP OF VINCENNES.
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
As if impatient to begin his labors in his new diocese, Bishop
Brute, in company with Bishops Fhiget and Purcell, left St. Louis
the following Monday after his consecration, November 3, and
journeyed on horseback to his future home, arriving at Vincennes
November 5, 1834. Mr. Cauthorn, in his history of St. Francis
Xavier's cathedral, says that the coming of their new bishop had
become known to many of the citizens of Vincennes, and a large
number of people of all denominations crossed the Wabash river to
meet the approaching prelates and escort them into the town. The
installation of the new bishop took place in the cathedral that
evening, and the sermon was preached by Bishop Purcell to a con-
gregation which completely filled the sacred edifice.
The remainder of the week, continues Mr. Cauthorn, was
devoted to religious exercises in the church. Many clergymen from
a distance were in attendance, including Fathers Abel, Hitzel-
berger and Petit, who were all able, learned and eloquent men.
Two services were held each day in the church, one at ten o'clock
in the morning, and another at six o'clock in the evening, at which
sermons were preached in French and English. On Sunday, at
ten o'clock. Bishop Brute for the first time officiated pontifically
in his cathedral, and Bishop Flaget addressed a large congregation
in French. Vesper services were held at 6 o'clock in the evening,
and Bishop Purcell delivered a sermon in English. Almost the
entire population of the town attended all these services.
On the following Monday the visiting prelates and clergymen
left for their respective homes, and Bishop Brute found himself
literally alone in his wild and thinly settled diocese. And it was
from this moment on, during the time he was bishop of the diocese,
that he gave evidence of and developed, contrary to all expecta-
tions based on human reasoning, the wisdom and peculiar fitness
of his selection as bishop of the new diocese.
When Bishop Brute came to Vincennes in 1834, it was a very
small and poorly built town. The cathedral was situated in the
most populous part; but there was not (excepting the cathedral
and the small pastoral residence) a single brick dwelling in all that
part of the town. The houses were mostly built of logs and plas-
tered over with adobe, of a uniform size and appearance, being
4
(55)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
only one stor}' high, with a small porch in front, and generally-
whitewashed. He had in all his extensive diocese but three priests,
and two of these were stationed at a distance of not less than 200'
miles from him, and the third, Rev. Lalumiere, who was the first
priest ordained specially for the diocese, was stationed some thirty
miles distant. The cathedral was wholly unfinished, being no
more than the four bare walls, unplastered, and the eight large
square timbers supporting the roof were entirely bare, with no
sanctuary or any kind of ornamentation. It presented a very des-
olate appearance. The entire revenues of the church did not
amount to over $300 per annum, and the most of this was paid in
produce. The $200 donated him by the Sisters of Charity, when
he was appointed bishop, had been necessarily spent in his trav-
els before he reached his diocese; and the revenues at his command
were nothing compared with the needs and demands of the diocese.
The outlook, it must be admitted, was anything but encouraging,
and sufficient to dampen the zeal of any ordinary man. But
Bishop Brute, student and recluse as he had previously been all his
life, did not repine, but at once commenced to perform the work
that had been assigned him.
He first visited all the Catholic settlements within a radius of
thirtv miles of Vincennes, to ascertain for himself an accurate
knowledge of their true condition. These visitations were often
made on foot. After having thus made himself personally acquainted
with the status of Catholicity in the vicinity of Vincennes, he deter-
mined to make a similar inspection and obtain an accurate knowl-
edge of all parts of his vast diocese. For this purpose he deter-
mined to visit one-half of it in person, and delegated the Rev.
Lalumiere to visit the other half. The eastern portion of it was
first settled, and at the time was provided with better accommoda-
tions in the way of roads and inns. The western portion was still
almost an unbroken wildneress with few settlements, and the.ie
at great distances apart, without any roads, inns or other accom-
modations for the comfort of travelers.
It would be according to the natural course of human action
that the superior would take for himself the lesser of the two evils,
and' devolve upon the inferior the greater. But Bishop Brute did
(56)~
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
not thus act. He assigned the eastern portion of -the diocese to
Rev. Lalumiere, and determined to take upon himself the inspec-
tion of the wild and unsettled western part. Accordingly, on
horseback he started from Vincennes, and threaded his way
through the wilds of Illinois to Chicago, and thence around lake
Michigan to the various Indian missions in the northern part of
the state, and returning home along the course of the Wabash
river. He was everywhere joyously received by the Catholics in
the few settlements he found in his route, many of whom were
Indian converts. When he returned to Vincennes, after this long
and laborious journey through a wilderness country entirely un-
known to him before this visit, he was fully advised by a personal'
inspection of the present and prospective wants of that portion of
the diocese he had visited. Rev. Lalumiere, having a much
easier and pleasanter task, had already returned from his tour of
inspection before the bishop returned.
When he made his report of the information he had obtained
of the eastern portion of the diocese, the bishop was fully acquainted
with the condition and prospects of his entire diocese. The
knowledge thus obtained at once convinced him he must procure
material aid from outside sources, to enable him to successfully
and quickly build up the new diocese committed to his care. For
this purpose he determined to visit Europe and solicit aid, that
being the only quarter where he could reasonably hope to meet
with success. Accordingly he again visited his native France on
this mission. He met with a generous reception from all classes
and succeeded beyond his most sanguine expectations in procuring
the necessary funds, and also a number of priests for his diocese,
who were needed as much, if not more, than the funds he had col
lecled. Having successfully accomplished the object of his visit,
he lost no time in hastening back to his wild field of labor with a
large sum of money, which had been cheerfully and voluntarily
given him.
After his return to Vincennes it might have been reasonably
expected that his first care in the expenditure of the funds- he had
obtained would be the finishing and decorating of his cathedral,
and providing for his own personal comfort by the erection of a suit-
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
able episcopal residence. At least, such would have been the
course pursued by a worldly-minded man. But again Bishop
Brute, by his course, was to disappoint the reasonable expectations
of most people. He postponed these matters for future considera-
tion, and devoted himself exclusively to provide for the education
of the children, and of those who were destined to enter the min-
istry. For the education of the clergy, he first erected a two-story
brick building near the cathedral. He also began active prepara-
tions to establish and put in operation free schools for both boys
and girls, without any regard to religious belief. In a communica-
tion published in the Sun, he announced that the schools he pro-
posed to establish should be free for all persons. - " "
Before that time, educational matters in Vincennes, as well as
throughout the entire west, had been neglected, and the only
educational facihties available were private schools conducted by
individuals for pay, or through private tutors specially employed
by such families as were able to do so. But Bishop Brute was
not discouraged by the doubts expressed of his success, but went
on with his arrangements and succeeded in bringing here Sisters of
•Charity from Kentucky and inaugurated his free-school system for
both boys and girls, and also a night school for the convenience of
«uch as could not attend in day time. He also founded a college
for higher education. These schools were all well attended and
^were perfectly free for every one.
This was the commencement in the state of Indiana of free-
school education, and it must be remembered that it was more
than twenty years before the present free school system of the
rstate was authorized and organized under the constitution of 1850.
In view of these facts am I not justified in claiming that, at least,
so far as Indiana is concerned. Bishop Brute was the originator
^nd founder of the free-school system.
The schools he thus established in 1834 have been success-
fully maintained and continued by his various successors until the
present time.
A diocese whose teaching body consisted of a bishop and
three priests with a charge of not over 1,500 souls was not a very
important institution. But situated in the then wilds of Indiana
(5bj
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
and eastern Illinois, and as far back as the year 1834, it was of
consequence under the circumstances, and as history has since
shown it to have been. It has been twice subdivided since that
day to make place for the dioceses of Fort Wayne and Chicago;
and at the death of Bishop Brute, in 1839, it had twenty-four
priests, twenty-three churches, two religious communities, one
seminary, one college, one female academy and two free schools.
The man who first stood at the helm of the church in these
parts, who laid the foundations of future dioceses and institutions
of the church, who set the example of the Good Shepherd, and
cared for his sheep both in season and out of season, was
RT. REV. SIMON WILLIAM G. BRUTE,
who was born at Rennes, in France, March 20, 1779; was ordained
priest, in France, in 1808; landed in America, 1810; was created
bishop in 1834, and died at Vincennes, June 26, 1839. These are
the dates of the chief events in the life of Bishop Brute, while his
life of sixty years, devoted to religion and the uplifting of human-
ity, is in itself an epoch. Passing over mere family record and
the details which others delight to dwell upon, we find the head
and the Jieart of this great and good man far more than we are
able to do justice to.
Intellectually, he had few superiors in his day. This means
not merely his power of mind and thought-range, but rather his
thorough and practical knowledge on a great variety of subjects —
theology, philosophy, history, mathematics and medicine — not for-
getting what he himself was accustomed to call " The Science of
the Saints. " To a naturally bright and inquiring mind he added
much by an early-acquired habit of study and of attention to
detail. He had finely developed faculties for order, organization
and executiveness, which, with a reserve of ripe scholarship, were
of incalculable advantage to the cause to which he devoted his life.
In the moral order, he excelled. The grandest elements in
the saintly Brute were the moral. His piety and humility were
equaled only by his charity. In him nearly all the moral virtues
appeared to have had their proper abiding place. His very manner
breathed forth virtue. Hopeful, trusting, patient, prayerful, he
(59)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
denied himself to such a degree that he almost annihilated self —
eliminated it from all he said or did or suffered. The ideal
ecclesiastic, the typical bishop, the self-sacrificing follower of the
Master — it was fitting that such a holy man should have been the
first bishop of the " diocese in the wilderness."
He has had able and zealous successors in the see of Vin-
cennes, but none of them are to be preferred before him in the
things that belong in the life and work of a bishop of the Holy
Catholic church.
Bishop Brute was buried beneath the altar of his cathedral at
Vincennes, June 28, 1839. A large number of ecclesiastics and a
multitude of his fellow-citizens, who admired and loved him in
life, were present at the last sad rites over him, now that he had
" gone home." After about five years of episcopal labors he laid
down his burden, which was taken up by his vicar-general, Very
Rev. Father Hailandiere, who was consecrated bishop, in the
the chapel of the Sacred Heart in Paris, August 18, 1839.
(60)
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
CHAPTER IV.
ADMINISTRATION OF BISHOP DE LA HAILANDIERE, SECOND BISHOP OF
VINCENNES — THE FIRST DIOCESAN SYNOD — BISHOP's RESIGNA-
TION— HIS DEATH BISHOP BAZIN's SHORT REIGN.
THE diocese of Vincennes had prospered under the administra-
tion of its first bishop, the saintly Brute. It had increased
from a very small beginning as a diocese in 1834 to a see of some
importance five years later, when it had twenty-four priests, twenty-
three churches, and institutions of learning growing in flattering
proportion. In 1837 the first directory of the diocese gave the
following facts as to parishes, missions and priests:
IN INDIANA.
Vincennes, Cathedral of St. Francis Xavier, Right Rev. Simon G. Brute, D.
D., Rev. Clestin de la Hailandiere, Rev. John Corbe.
Black Oak Ridge, Daviess county, St. Peter's, Rev. Simon Lalumiere; St.
Mary's, Rev. Maurice de St. Palais.
Chicocos, an Indian village on the Tippecanoe, is attended by Rev. Mr.
Deseilles, of Michigan.
Duchee River, visited occasionally.
Dover, Dearborn county, St. John's, every other Sunday, Rev. Joseph Fer-
neding.
Fort Wayne, Allen county, St. Joseph's, Rev. Claude Francois; St. Mary's,
Rev. Louis Muller.
Huntington, attended from Fort Wayne.
Logansport, Cass county. Mount Pleasant, Madison, Rev. Patrick O'Byrne.
New Alsace, Dearborn county, St. Paul's, a large German congregation,
attended every other Sunday by Rev. Joseph Ferneding.
New Albany, and the Knobs, P'loyd county, attended occasionally by Rev.
Ignatius Reynolds, of Kentucky, and Rev. Joseph Ferneding.
Peru, Miamiport, Wabashtown, Salomic, Gros, occasionally visited by Rev.
M. Ruff.
Rising Sun, Richmond, Shelbyville, Columbus, Indianapolis, occasionally
attended.
(6TT
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
South Bend, St. Joseph county, and St. Mary's of the Lake, Rev. S.'T. Badin,.
of Michigan, and Rev. Mr. Deseilles, of Michigan.
There are stations on the Ohio river, which are visited by Rev. EHsha Dur-
bin and Rev. Charles Coomes, of Kentucky.
Terre Haute, Merom. LaFayette, Shaker's Prairie, occasionally attended.
Washington, Daviess county. Rev. Simon Lalumiere.
IX ILLINIOS.
Chicago, Rev. Irenaeus St. Cyr and Rev. Bernard Schaefer.
Paris Prairie, Edgar county, Thraw^l's Station, Riviere au Chat, Coffee Town^
Lawrenceville, visited from Vincennes.
Shawneetown, Carmi, Albion, visited from Kentucky, by Rev. Elisha Durbin.
Father Hailandiere, who had accompanied Bishop Brute from
France, in 1836, was again in that country in 1839 collecting
assistance in money for the needs of the diocese and inducing
young ecclesiastics to accompany him to the scene of his labors in
Indiana, when the sad news of the death of Bishop Brute reached
him in Paris. Having been previously preconized coadjutor with
right of succession to Bishop Brute in the diocese of Vincennes, he
was thereupon consecrated bishop, as above stated, in the chapel
of the Sacred Heart in Paris by Mgr. De Forbin Janson. who was
assisted in the ceremony by the bishops of Versailles and Beauvais.
Bishop Hailandiere had done more work while in France than
the mere collection of money, or the inducing of acceptable young
men to prepare to enter upon mission work in the western wilder-
ness. Besides these he had higher aims, for he had an eye to
future permanent and much-needed educational institutions, the
resolve to establish which he held in common with his saintly pred-
ecessor; to carry out these ideas he devoted himself to securing
the co-operation of French educational religious orders in founding
colleges in his diocese. Hence the Eudists undertook to found a
college at Vincennes; the society of the Holy Cross sent a delega-
tion of Brothers with a priest at their head to found a college,
schools for boys, and the congregation of the Sisters of Providence
to establish schools for the education of girls in the several
parishes.
It can be seen from this how faithful Bishop Hailandiere was
in carrying out the intentions and desires of Bishop Brute in the
matter of education. To- these two bishops the Catholics of
RT. REV. CELESTINE RENE DE LA HAILANDIERE,
SECOND BISHOP OF VINCENNES.
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
Indiana owe the existence in their midst not only of fine parochial
schools but also of such famous institutions of learning as St.
Mary's acjdemy, Vigo county; St. Mary's academy, St. Joseph
county; and the university of Notre Dame. The individuals
accompanying Bishop Hailandiere on his return from France to his
diocese in 1839 were Father Sorin, founder of the university of
Notre Dame; Father Bellier, founder of St. Gabriel's college, Vin-
cennes; Mother Theodora Guerin and Sister St. Francis Xavier —
all of these persons of worth and ability, as their record shows.
Having been installed in his cathedral as bishop the Sunday
after his return from France, November 14, 1839, he thereupon
redoubled his efforts to develop his diocese both spiritually and
materially. He expended the money which he collected in France,
not alone in finishing and beautifying his cathedral, but also in
building churches, asylums, seminaries and hospitals in various
parts of his diocese. He also secured property for church pur-
poses in nearly all the populous and promising centers in the state,
and was singularly happy in his choice of locations for the various-
institutions which, since his day, have grown to great importance
— notably the university of Notre Dame and St. Mary's of the
Woods.
In the early years of his administration, as well as later, either
consuming zeal, or else the lack of ability to direct others, com-
pelled him to be first in every work and to be the active man in its
direction and management. He could find no one to do things as
he wished them done, perhaps because he did not know how to
give the proper directions, or because to a degree he lacked confi-
dence in the ability of others to do at least some things well.
Because of this he was practically without assistants, although
he had good ones. He had the machinery, but did not know
how to employ it to advantage. Others could put the wheels
in motion, but they were not in authority.
Bishop Hailandiere convoked, May 5, 1844, the first synod
held in the diocese, at which twenty-five priests were present, with
eleven absent. The object of this meeting of the clergy was to
regulate discipline in accordance with instructions from Rome,
touching missionaries in a missionar}' country.
(65)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
The priests who attended the synod were Revs. John \'abret,
Stanislaus Buteux, John BelHer and John B. Chasse, members of
the Eudist order, whom Bishop Hailandiere brought from France
in 1838, when he was Bishop Brute's vicar-general, to establish a
college at Vincennes. Also Rev. Michael Shawe, the eloquent
Englishman; and Rev. John Corbe, who came to the diocese in
1836. Rev. Aug. Bessonies and Rev. John Timon, the latter of
"whom became bishop of Buffalo, and the former raised to the dignity
of bishop of the Papal household and yet lives (1898) at the cathe-
dral, Indianapolis. Next were Rev. Louis Neyron, M. D., who
served as a surgeon in the Napoleonic wars, and Rev. Simon P.
Lalumiere, a native of Mncennes and the first priest ordained
specially for the diocese. Then there were Rev. Vincent Bacquelin,
who was killed by a fall from his horse near Shelbyville, where he
was on the mission, in 1846; and Very Rev. Aug. M. A. Martin,
vicar-general for the diocese, who went to the diocese of Louisiana
in 1845. Also, Revs. Julian Delaune, who became president of
St. Mary's college, Kentucky, in 1846, and Pierre Ducondray, who
was a near relative of Bishop Hailandiere. The following ten
names make up the twenty-five who were present: Revs. Michael
Clarke, Michael O'Rourke, C. Opperman, A. Parret, C. Schnieder-
Jans, T. Mullen, T. Courgault. William Englen, A. Munchina,
Joseph Rudolf.
The eleven priests who were absent were not so from choice
or disinclination to attend; a retreat for the clergy having preceded
the synod, it was necessary that some priests remain on duty
attending to the wants of the people. Those thus employed were
the following: Revs. E. Sorin, R. Weinzoepfel, J. Benoit,
M. de St. Palais, F. Cointet, H. Dupontavice, F. Fisher, J.
Gueguen, J. Kundeck, T. Meinkmann and T. Marivault.
The priests who attended were struck with the bishop's love
of order and his desire that a record of everything be kept. They
could see this on every hand, even in the improvements made in
temporal affairs in the city of Vincennes, which at that time had
a population of over 3,000. To their eyes, accustomed to look
•only upon the forest and the struggling little village of two or three
log shanties, Vincennes appeared to them a very worthy episcopal
'(66)
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
city, and some of them expressed surprise that the bishop had it in
mind to look for another city in which to fix his .see.
He had, indeed, already resolved upon the removal of his see,
the necessity for which, and the arp^ument, lay in the fact that
prospects were not brig:ht for bettering communication by travel
between Vincennes and the other portions of the diocese, and also
on account of the still more formidable fact that the future, as he
saw it, held nothing of promise in store for the city of Vincennes
itself. His foresight has been signally verified and his wish carried
out" too, as Indianapolis, with its 200,000 population, has been
not only made the episcopal city but also the city whose name the
diocese is to bear from this year of 1898 on.
In 1844 Chicago was separated from the diocese of Vincennes
•and Bishop Hailandiere withdrew from that field, also Father de
St. Palais, who was to be a future bishop of Vincennes, and
JFathers Dupontavice and Gueguen.
•Among the affairs which had distressed Bishop Hailandiere
A\^as a difficulty in the then town of Chicago which smacked of the
nature of a schism. After others had failed to remove the trouble
the good bishop himself happily succeeded in the work.
He next had to face the infamous charge of rape preferred by
an evil and designing female, named Schmoll, against one of his
priests. Father Weinzoepfel, at the town of Evansville. At that
time the spirit of bigotry, imported from the east, was being
fanned into a consuming flame in Kentucky and Indiana. In
consequence the accused was cast into prison. Later he was
brought to what was miscalled a trial, at which he was convicted
and sentenced to prison for five years by a judge who lived long
enough himself to know that even the common people knew of
his wickedness. " Divorce this case from the Catholic church,"
said Judge Pitcher, who was one of the attorneys for the defense,
"and such a prosecution would not be listened to or tolerated by
an honorable court."
Father Weinzoepfel was pardoned by the governor in Febru-
ary, 1845, after he had been in prison from the 12th day of March of
the previous year. Not only the governor of the state but the
•entire community were convinced of the innocence of the priest.
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
For a time the effect of the affair was bad, but later even the
wicked woman herself and her husband confessed that she had
been bribed to so charge the priest with guilt, but that he was
innocent, and that she was a perjurer.
Bishop Hailandiere believed in the innocence of Father Wein-
zoepfel and would not during his life permit the priest to retire
to a monastry, which he had wished to do. So universal was the
sympathy for the outraged priest that on the 4th of September, 1 88 1 ,
in the city of Evansville, where his life was in danger forty years
before, and where he was accused by the female, Schmoll, he laid
the corner stone of the church of St. Boniface in the presence of
a vast assemblage of the people, who were present as much to
give testimony of their faith in the good priest as to assist at the
sacred ceremonies.
In 1845 Bishop Hailandiere again visited Rome, this time to
lay his troubles before the then reigning Pope, Gregory XVI, and
beg to be permitted to resign his office. He was driven to this
because of the lagging of affairs in his diocese — a standing-still
which was accounted for because of the hard times and lack of
means to make improvements, and in part also because the good
bishop was himself wanting in executive ability. The Pope, how-
ever, would not accept the bishop's resignation, but sent him back
to his diocese loaded with presents and blessings both for himself
and his liock.
Bishop Hailandiere, on his return, brought more priests and
students for his missions, renewed his efforts for the good of
religion, and to a degree had resigned himself to the obedience of
dwelling in the midst of discontent. His labors were ineffectual,
and the situation became so sufficiently pronounced the following
year that, in 1847, at his most urgent request and for the good of
the diocese which he loved, he was relieved of his great burden
and his successor. Father John Steven Bazin, of Mobile, Ala., was
appointed in his stead.
Bishop Hailandiere remained to assist at the consecration of
Bishop Bazin. After this event he visited for his health for a few
months in the south and was at Philadelphia on his way back to
France when he learned of the death of Bishop Bazin, after just.
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
six months of administering the diocese. He continued his jour-
ney to New York, where he met Bishop Hughes, and from which
point he wrote letters to some of the Vincennes priests prophesy-
ing that one of their number would most likely be chosen bishop.*
Arriving in France a " Bishop without a see," he retired on
his family estate, which afforded him a living until his death. This
estate was situated at Triandin, near Combourg. By economy he
always saved some money, which, from time to time, he sent to
aid his old diocese of Vincennes. The last remittance was the
year before his death, 1881, when $750 was the amount he had
saved up for his beloved diocese. He died May i, 1882, in his
eighty-fourth year, and, at his own request, his body was trans-
ferred to the city of Vincennes, where it was interred November
22, 1882, with all the solemn rites of the church. Archbishop
Purcell, of Cincinnati, celebrated the mass on the occasion, and
Bishop Chatard, who had succeeded to the see of Vincennes,
preached the sermon.
A memorial service was held in St. John's church, Indianapo-
lis, June 7, 1882. at which a panegyric was delivered on Bishop
Halandiere by his nephew. Rev. E. Audran, of Jeffersonville.
BISHOP CELESTINE GUYNEMER DE LA HAILANDIERE.
The second bishop of Vincennes was eighty-four years old
lacking one day when he died. In 1836 he left Combourg, France,
the place of his birth, and accompanied Bishop Brute to Indiana.
In 1839 he was consecrated as the successor of Bishop Brute for
the see of Vincennes. Having been born May 2, 1798, he was in
his day the youngest bishop in the United States. In physical
appearance he was a large man, imposing and fine-looking. His
heart was in keeping with his make-up, for he was generous and
devoted to his trust. This was evidenced by his substantial love
for the diocese of Vincennes during the thirty-five years of his
^Although Rt. Rev. Bishop Ue La Hailandiere had resigned of his own
accord, when the time came to leave the diocese for which he had worked so hard,
and which he loved so much, his courage failed, and he was very anxious to
remain at Highland, and form there a house of missionary priests, to give missions
in the diocese and elsewhere. But Bishop Bazin, fearing some misunderstandmg
in the future, refused to accede to that request, and Bishop De La Hailandiere"s
feelings were severely hurt by that refusal. — Rt. Rev. Aug. Bcssonies.
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
life after he resigned as its bishop. He was a man of wonderful'
energy and force of character, while his intellect was far beyond
the average.
Bishop Hailandiere's resignation of his office in the face of
difficulties has been regarded by some priests as an evidence of
weakness. On the surface it would appear so, but in reality he
was not a weak man. The fact is, he was strong. He knew the
nature and source of the troubles which impeded his progress; he
knew how to remedy them, too; but there is such a thing as not
being able to carry out one's ideas. To have a theory — the right
theory — and to reduce that theory to practice, are very different
things. Some men, otherwise weak men, are equal to doing such
a thing, while other men, acknowledged to be strong men, are
unequal to the work. It was so with Bishop Hailandiere. He was
unequal to marshaling the forces within his control to accomplish
a task of which he had the clearest insight.
This good man, to those who knew him well, presented a pic-
ture in which the colors were happily blended, with here and there
the shading rather pronounced. The contour was grand, the detail
worked to a nicety, while certain features were not only beautiful
but very prominent. The man thus painted will never be forgot-
ten in Indiana as the second bishop of the diocese of Vincinnes.
BISHOP JOHN S. BAZIX'S ADMINISTRATION.
Right Rev. John Stephen Bazin was consecrated bishop of
Vincennes, in the cathedral of St. Francis Xavier, at Vincennes,.
October 24, 1847, and he died April 23, 1848, after a reign of just
six months, less one day. He was in his fifty-second year at the
time of his appointment, and when he received the papal bulls
announcing to him his selection for the see of Vincennes he was
vicar-general of the diocese of Mobile, Ala., in which diocese he
had labored for seventeen years.
His own beloved bishop, the Right Rev. Michael Portier, of
Mobile, performed the ceremony of consecration, assisted by Bishop
Purcell, of Cincinnati, and the retiring bishop of Vincennes. Bishop
Purcell preached the sermon on the occasion, and he voiced, in his
own eloquent and happy way, many of the sentiments expressed
L.,
RT. REV. JOHN STEPHEN BAZIN,
THIRD BISHOP OF VINCENNES.
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
by the newly consecrated bishop in his first and only pastoral let-
ter. These sentiments were kindness, devotedness and a holy zeal
for imparting to the youth of our country a knowledge of the truths
of the Catholic religion.
Bishop Bazin was a native of the arch-diocese of Lyons, France,
having been born in 1796. He emigrated to this country in 1830,
and was in his fifty-third year at the time of his death. He was
the possessor of many excellent qualities of both head and heart,
which, had he lived, would undoubtedly have been exercised to
good advantage in Indiana. He would have been loved by both
priests and people for his gentleness of disposition, and for the true
missionary spirit which was his by both nature and cultivation.
An index to the esteem in which he would have been held in Indi-
ana, had he lived, may be found in the high regard which the
people of Mobile entertained for him from the day when he began
his ministry among them. The knowledge of what he was to the
people of the south, coupled with the little that was known of him
personally during his short administration as bishop of \'incennes,
has already endeared his memory to those who read the history of
the early days of the church in Indiana.
On his death-bed he appointed as his vicar-general Father
Maurice de St. Palais, who was later chosen to succeed him in the
see of Vincennes. His remains lie next to those of Bishop Brute,
in the old cathedral of St. Francis Xavier at Vincennes, where
neither priest nor layman ever enter without breathing a prayer or
voicing a kindly sentiment for "poor Bishop Bazin."
The early days of Catholicity in Indiana, so fraught with
vicissitudes and trials, and during which both priests and bishops
were called upon to make so many sacrifices, wear for^us of to-day
a tinge of the melancholy blended with the heroic.
What emotions are stirred by the picture of a lonely priest
treading his way through the unbroken forest, fording swollen
streams, sleeping in the open air, going for days without even the
scantiest nourishment — and all that isolated Catholic families in
the wilderness, or roving bands of savage Indians might have the
graces and consolations of the religion of Christ brought to them!
And then to see the bearers of the glad tidings set upon by the
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
savages, and in many instances brutally murdered while heroically
and lovingly spending themselves for the good of others — the con-
templation of such heroism and devotedness stirs the soul so deeply
and complete!}' that, in our day of ease and convenience and rosy
surroundings. Catholic men and women ought to be inclined to leap
from cushioned pews and frescoed walls and from an atmosphere
heavy with soul-soothing music, but to exclaim before all the
world: " Oh, Lord, we are not worthy of such ease and delights! "
And how true and fitting would be such an exclamation in
these last years of the nineteenth century! In this day of the
supremacy of the dollar, and of the prevalence of much worldli-
ness, how deaf have the people become to the voices of the past,
and how blind to the scenes of the struggles and privations of the
early missionaries and of the Catholic pioneers in Indiana and the
west! The fact is that Catholics have so much to be thankful for
that the notion of their great indebtedness ought to overwhelm them.
(74)
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
CHAPTER V.
RIGHT REV. MAURICE DE ST. PALAIS, THE FOURTH BISHOP OF VIN-
CENNES — STATE OF THE DIOCESE IN 1 849 — THE BISHOP's
LABORS AND THEIR RICH REWARDS HIS DEATH AND CHARAC-
TERISTICS.
IN the previous chapter we have seen that Bishop Bazin, on his
death-bed, appointed his vicar-general, Very Rev. M. de St.
Palais, administrator of the affairs of the diocese of Vincennes,
until such time as a bishop would be chosen. Father de St,
Palais acted in that capacity from April 23, 1848, until October 3,
of the same year, when, he was himself precognized bishop by Pope
Pius IX, who had been elected Pope, June 16, 1846. His conse-
cration took place in the cathedral, at Vincennes, January 14,
1849. Bishop Miles, of Nashville, was the consecrating bishop,
assisted by Bishop Spalding, of Louisville. On the occasion there
was a vast audience, and a large number of priests were present.
The Catholic population of the diocese of Vincennes was
about 30,000 in 1849, and there were then just thirty-five priests
to attend to their spiritual wants. The names of the several par-
ishes and missions, or stations, to the number of fifty, and the
priests in charge of the same were taken from the records by
Father Alerding, and are here given, to show the state of the
diocese when Bishop de St. Palais took charge:
1-2. Rev. Ernest Audran and Rev. John B. Chasse at \'incennes, cathe-
dral of St. Francis Xavier. St. Rose of Lima at Faux-Chenel, and St. Thomas in
Tueret's Prairie, both in Knox county, and Carlisle, in Sullivan county, were
attended from Vincennes.
3. Rev. Conrad Schniederjans, at Vincennes, m charge of the German
congregation.
4. Rev. John McDermott, at Washington, Daviess county, St. Simon's
•church.
5 "Jib)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
5. Rev. Bartholomew Piers, at St. Peter's, Daviess county, attending also
to St. Patrick's, same county.
6. Rev. Patrick Murphy, at St. Mary's, Daviess county, attending also to
Mount Pleasant, in Martin county.
7. Rev. Joseph Kundeck, at Jasper, Dubois county, having charge also of
St. Celestine's, same county.
8. Rev. William Doyle, at P^erdinand, Dubois county, attending also to
Troy, in Perry county.
9. Rev. Augustine Bessonies, at Leopold, Perry county. He attended also
to several stations in Spencer, Warrick and Crawford counties, besides Rome,
Fredonia, Leavenworth and Rockport.
10. Rev. Anthony Deydier, at Evansville, Vanderburg county, church of
the Immaculate Conception.
IL Rev. Roman Weinzoepfel, at St. Joseph's, in Vanderburg county, who
attended also to St. Wendel, in Posey county, and two other stations. (Vernon^
in Posey county, was visited by Rev. E. Durbin, from Kentucky.)
12. Rev. Hippolyce du Pontavice, at Madison, Jefferson county, St. Mi-
chael's church.
13. Rev. Daniel Maloney, at Columbus, Bartholomew county. He
attended also to Scipio and St. Catherine's, in Jennings county, and to Mar-
tinsville, in Morgan county.
14. Rev. Adolph Munshina, at St. Magdalen's, in Ripley county, attending
also to Rockford and Vernon, in the same county, to St. Ann's, in Jennings county,
and to Muehlhausen, in Decatur county.
15. Rev. Louis Neyron, at New Albany, Floyd county, who attended^
besides, to the Knobs, church of the Assumjjtion, and to Jeffersonville and
Charlestown.
16. Rev. John Dion, Lanesville, Harrison county, who visited, also, Miller's
settlement in the same county, and two other stations.
17. Rev. Martin Stahl, at New Alsace, Dearborn county, St. John's church.
18. Rev. Andrew Benet, at St. Joseph's, Dearborn county, attending also
to St. Paul's and Lawrenceburg, same county.
19. Rev. William Engeln, at Brookville, Franklin county, having charge
also of St. Peter's, and St. Mary's of the Rocks, same county.
20. Rev. Joseph Rudolph, at Oldenburg, Franklin county, attending,,
besides, to Enochsburg, same county, and to Pipe Creek, St. Nicholas church, in
Ripley county.
21. Rev. Anthony Carius, at Richmond, Wayne county, St. Andrew's
church, visiting, besides, Cambridge, Hagerstown and Abbington, same county,,
and Laurel, Franklin county.
22. Rev. John Gueguen, at Indianapoli.s, Marion county, visiting, also, St.
Vincent's, Shelby county; Strawtown, Hamilton county; Cumberland, Hancock
county, and Pendleton, Madison county.
23. Rev. Michael Clarke, at LaFayette, Tippecanoe county, St. Mary's
church, attending, also, to Covington, Delphi and other stations.
24. Rev. John Ryan, at La Gro, Wabash county, having charge, also, of
Huntington, in Huntington county.
(76)
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
25. Rev. Talrick McDoiniott, at Logansport, Cass county, attending',
besides, to Peru, in Miami county.
2() '27. Rev. Julian Henoit and Rev. Edward Failer, at Fort Wayne, in
Allen county. They attended, also, to Hesse Cassel and St. Vincent's, same
county, and io several stations in LaGrange, Steuben, Noble, Whitley, DeKalb
and Wells counties.
28. Rev. Edward Serin, South Hend, St. Joseph county.
29. Rev. E. Delisle, South Bend, St. Joseph county.
30. Rev. Francis Cointet, South Bend, St. Joseph county.
IM. Rev. Francis Gouesse, South Bend, St. Joseph county.
82. Rev. Theophilus Mainault, South Bend, St. Joseph county, Our Lady
of the Lake. These fathers visited, also, from their institution, Mishawaka, St.
Joseph county; Michigan City, Laporte county; St. John's, Lake county; also,.
Goshen, Leesburg, Plymouth and other stations.
38. Rev. Simon P. Lalumiere, at Terre Haute, Vigo county, attending,
besides, to Montezuma, Clinton and Merom.
84. Rev. John Corbe, at St. Mary's of the Woods, near Terre Haute, Vigo-
county.
85. Rev. A. Granger, at Indianapolis, master of novices for the novitiate of
the Brothers of St. Joseph.
At the time when the above records were copied (1849) the
educational affairs of the diocese were not only promising, but
pretty well established. It was then that the university of Notre
Dame, founded by the society of the Holy Cross, was in its
infancy and began to show the first indications of what it is to-day.
The same was the case with St. Mary's of the Woods, established
by the Sisters of Providence, who were also in charge of parochial
schools at Vincennes, Jasper, Madison and Fort Wayne. The
Brothers of St. Joseph, an educational order, had their novitiate
at Indianapolis, and conducted schools both there and at Wash-
ington, Daviess county, Fort Wayne, Madison and Vincennes.
The Theological seminary, located at Vincennes, was at that time
conducted by the priests stationed at the cathedral, and seven stu-
dents were being prepared in it for the- priesthood.
With this promising and comparatively prosperous state of
affairs obtaining, Bishop de St. Palais was not obliged, nor was it
according to his nature, to rush things. He proceeded in the even
tenor of his dignified way, not only to conserve what had been
established, but also to direct and develop whatever appeared of
promise to further the interests of religion, education and active
charity in his diocese.
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
The foreign assistance, heretofore relied upon, received, and
used for seminary purposes, not then being available or likely to be
again, he established, in 1850, the Easter and Christmas collections,
yet in force, the one for the benefit of the seminary and the other
in aid of the orphans. The good bishop was about equally devoted
to both, with the claims of the orphans and widows appealing
more directly to his very kind and generous heart. Hence the
orphanage and the seminary, both at Vincennes, received his
closest attention, and, indeed, called forth his very best efforts,
the former particularly, for, later, it became one of his dearest
charges.
So well had it gone with the religious educational institutions
established in the diocese, and so considerate of them was the
bishop at all times that, on these things becoming known in
France, Bishop de St. Palais had but to invite, and almost any of
the prominent orders, male or female, were ready to come to him.
Hence the presence in his day in Indiana of the Benedictines,
Franciscans, an increased number of the Society of the Holy
Cross, the Brothers of the Sacred Heart and others. The Ben-
edictine order had established, in 1852, a branch of its great mon-
astic institution at what is now known as St. Meinrad's, but more
jjroperly described as Harrison township, in Spencer county, Ind.
The site of the abbey comprises 160 acres. It is now the ecclesi-
iastical seminary for the diocese of Vincennes, and in Bishop de
St. Palais' day received his warmest encouragement. At this writ-
ing it is one of the great ecclesiastical educational institutions of
the west. The same was the case respecting the pre'sence in the
diocese of the Sisters of St. Francis, the Sisters of the Good Shep-
herd, the Sisters of St. Joseph, the Ursuline Sisters, the Nuns of
the Order of St. Benedict, and the Little Sisters of the Poor.
Touching the work performed by the priests in those days, it
'can be said that they labored faithfully and well, with the best
results following. The priest has his obligations as well as the
bishop has his, and, independent of the presence of the bishop,
the good priest always walks in the way of duty. But while
priests are spiritual directors and leaders of the people, they are
yet only men, with their own share of human nature about them.
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
From this it can be inferred that a bishop, who possesses to a
great degree those natural virtues that are expected to shine forth
in the character of the real gentleman, will have a more potent
influence among his prietss than will a bishop who is deficient in
this respect, no matter how well equipped he may be in others.
It may not be history to branch off as we have in the para-
graph just written, but the application and the fact run together in-
affirming that few bishops were ever better loved by their priests^
than was Bishop de St. Palais by his. This was so not only regard-
ing those who accompanied him from France, and those who were
in the field when he arrived, but it was especially so in case of
the ninety priests who received ordination at his hands. They all
respected, revered and loved him, and the instances were few where
strained relations ever obtained between them.
In no case was this more practically demonstrated than in
1857, when the diocese was divided a second time and the north-
ern half of Indiana was set apart as the territory of the diocese of
Fort Wayne, of which Rt. Rev. John H. Luers was appointed the
first bishop. The priests of the northern half of the diocese of Vin-
cennes, while obedient, were yet loath to part from Bishop de St.
Palais. Many were the expressions of tender regard exchanged
between them and their old bishop, and at his death those of them
yet alive mourned him with a filial tenderness that was most
affecting*.
Bishop de St. Palais visited Rome three times according to
the obligation of his office — in 1849, 1859 and 1869. During the
last visit he assisted at the Vatican council, in which he showed
himself a firm, logical believer in and advocate of the decree of
the council touching papal infallibility. He returned to his diocese
shortly after the close of the Vatican council, impressed more than
ever with his obligations to his flock and with seemingly an increased
love for both priests and people. While in France both his love
* One of the few exceptions to the general rule of kindness obtaining
between the priests of the diocese of Vincennes and Bishop de St. Pahiis was a
petition sent to Rome by a large number of the German priests complaining that
in the appointment to the more important and lucrative parishes the bishop favored
the French and Irish priests. This charge had a bad effect upon the health of the
bishop, and at his funeral Bishop Dwenger more than intimated that it had hastened
the death of Bishop de St. Palais.
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
and his sense of dut}^ in these respects were put to the test by
more than an intimation that one of the most prominent arch-episco-
pal sees of that country could be his were he willing to accept the
the charge. He refused to consider the proposition, as to do so
would not comport with his love for his "dear church in Indiana."
June 28, 1877, Bishop de St. Palais was stricken with paraly-
sis at St. Mary of the Woods, Ind., where he was in attendance at
the commencement exercises of that favorite institution. He lived
but nine hours after he was taken ill, and for the fourth time the
diocese of Vincennes was widowed. He was buried July 3, in the
cathedral at Vincennes, the solemn services having been performed
by Archbishop Purcell, of Cincinnati, assisted by Bishops Foley, of
Chicago; Baltes, of Alton; Spalding, of Louisville, and Dwenger,
of Fort Wayne, which latter preached the funeral discourse. Over
100 priests were in attendance and the funeral cortege was the
largest and most imposing ever witnessed in Indiana.
Bishop Purcell, after the funeral, appointed Very Rev. Aug.
Bessonies administrator until the appointment of a bishop. This
action by Bishop Purcell was rendered necessary, since Bishop de
St. Palais had left no will and was unable to speak after he was
stricken with paralysis. Bishop Chatard, after his appointment,
continued Father Bessonies in the administratorship until his
arrival in the diocese.
After a ministry of forty-one years in his diocese, twenty-
eight of them as bishop, he died conscious that his labors and
those of his priests were rewarded with good results. Of this fact
the proof is that the diocese of Vincennes in that year (1877) had
a Catholic population of over 90,000, with 127 priests and 151
churches, the educational and charitable institutions being well in
keeping.
If greater or more minute details were required to show how
successful Bishop de St. Palais' administration had been they
might be forthcoming, but they would scarcely comport with the
scope of this work. To tell the story of conversions, of which
there were many; to recite the number of contributions and
bequests, which were by no means few; or to recount the difficul-
ties or merely local happenings connected immediately or remotely
■'»*,
-"^y^s
'. <~"
RT. REV. MAURICE DE ST. PALAIS, D. D.
FOURTH BISHOP OF VINCENNES.
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
with the organization of this or that parish or mission, would be
to cumber these pages too much with matter of no general interest,
and therefore scarcely worthy of being preserved. But as a mod-
erate amount of matter of this character has been happily woven
into a sketch of the good bishop's life by the Hon. Henry S. Cau-
thorn, of Vincennes, Ind., we will here reproduce it, and for the
additional reason that it is a very clever recital of the life and
labors of that great and good man.
SKETCH OF BISHOP DE ST. PALAIS.
James M. Maurice De Long D'Aussac De St. Palais, the
fourth bishop of Vincennes, was born at La Salvetat, in the dio-
cese of Montpelier, in France, on the 15th day of November, 181 i.
He descended from a very ancient and noble family, and could
trace his ancestral line of descent back through centuries. His
family was very wealthy, and always took an active and prominent
part in public affairs, and many of its members acquired fame and
distinction in the military service of the country. Members of
his family, centuries before his time, were known to have taken
a prominent and active part in the crusades, and also in the long
and bloody wars against the Moors.
Young de St. Palais very early gave evidence of more than
ordinary abilities, and as he was destined to inherit great wealth
and titles of nobility, his parents determined to give him an educa-
tion fit for the e.xalted position he was sure to occupy in course of
time. For this purpose they sent him away from their home in
the south of France to Paris, then the grand center, both political
and intellectual, of European civilization, where he received a clas-
sical education in the celebrated educational institutions of the
French metropolis. Having completed his secular studies, and
when thoroughly prepared to enter upon the brilliant career in any
sphere of civil life which his native talents and acquired attain-
ments, in connection with his birth and wealth, assured, to the
surprise of his family and friends he announced his determination
to renounce all the glories and honors the world could give him,
and devote himself to the service of the church as a priest. He
accordingly at once entered as a student in the celebrated semi-
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
nary of St. Sulpice in Paris, where Bishops Brute, de la Hailandiere
and so many other distinguished prelates of the Catholic church
were educated. In this justly celebrated seminary he prosecuted
his philosophical and theological studies, and in the year 1836,
when he was twenty-five years old, he was ordained priest, about
the same time the sainted Bishop Brute was, in France, seeking
missionaries for his diocese, and it has been said that he was
ordained priest by this good man. However that may be, it is
certain that on this visit to France of Bishop Brute he became
acquainted with him, and his fervent soul was aroused by his
recital of the pressing want of priests in his diocese, and that he
determined to leave his native country, with all its charms and
fascinations, his noble and wealthy kindred and the friends of his
youth, to go to a strange and wild country, and literally bury him-
self from the presence of all refined and civilized life in the forests
of the west. He therefore accompanied Bishop Brute on his return
to his diocese, and arrived at Vincennes in 1836. He was then
a young priest, it being the same year of his ordination. His first
work in the diocese was at a station about thirty-five miles east of
Vincennes, in the very heart of a wilderness country. Here this
man, an heir of wealth and to lordly titles born, settled down to
his work with apostolical zeal, destitute of the comforts and many
of the necessaries of life. From what I know of the locality in
which he commenced his ministerial career in this diocese, and that
knowledge applying to it at a much later period, I am warranted
in saying that, on many occasions, he was compelled to prepare his
own dinner, if, indeed, he was so fortunate as to have anything to
prepare. From this station in the woods he also administered to
the spiritual wants of the few scattered Catholics in the neighbor-
ing counties around him.
The Catholics within the range of his administrations were all
very poor, as is the case generally with the early pioneer settlers
of any country. But Father de St. Palais, notwithstanding their
poverty, devised many novel and unheard-of ways and means to
. obtain funds to build churches and advance Catholicity through-
out the wide region he visited in the discharge of his priestly func-
tions. He here patiently and quietly labored literally in the back
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
woods until 1839, when he was sent by Bishop de la Hailandiere
to Chicago. At that time Chicago was a very small place of only
a few thousand population, but already gave evidence of the wonder-
ful results which have since been realized and materialized by its
phenomenal growth. Unfortunately a schism in the church had
been productive of much harm, and it had baffled the skill and
ability of many able prelates in the efforts made to heal it. But
Father de St. Palais, by his affable and genial disposition, uniform
evenness of temper which it was almost impossible to disturb, at
length succeeded in procuring perfect unity by reconciling all dif-
ferences that had previously existed. He remained in Chicago for
five years, and was then sent by Bishop de la Hailandiere to
Logansport, Indiana. At the time Father de St. Palais was min-
istering to the wants of the Catholics at Chicago and Logansport,
there were no facilities for travel as now, and in fact very poor
roads of any kind, anywhere, and in places none at all, so that in
visiting his flock, scattered here and there for miles around and far
apart, from the place where he was stationed, he was compelled
to make the transit of his pastoral visitations on horseback, and to
travel such long distances through a sparsely settled country that
he was frequently compelled to pass the night in the woods without
any shelter, and on account of the scarcity of inns for the accommo-
dation of travelers, he was compelled to carry his scanty supply of
provisions in his saddle-bags. But his amiability and kindness
endeared him to the people so that they loved him and the surviv-
ors yet hold him in kind remembrance. Father Campion, the
present pastor of St. Vincent de Paul's church in Logansport, in
the diocese of Fort Wayne, delivered a lecture in St. Francis
Xavier's cathedral in the year 1891 to the Catholic Knights, in
the course of which he aullded to Father de St. Palais and his min-
isterial labors at Logansport, and said his memory was still fresh
in the minds of his former parishioners, who loved to speak in praise
of him.
He remained in Logansport about two years, when, in 1846,
he was transferred to Madison, Ind., which may be said to have
been the first station which this cultured and noble-born priest had
in this diocese where he was surrounded with anything like com-
ib6).
A HISTORY OF CATHOi^ICITY
fort and convenience. He remained there but one year, as on the
accession of Bishop Bazin to the episcopal chair of the diocese,
he called Father de St. Palais to \'incennes and appointed him
vicar general and superior of the ecclesiastical seminary. He
did not discharge these functions very long, as Bishop Bazin
lived only six months, less one day, after his consecration. On
his death bed Bishop Bazin appointed Father de St. Palais admin-
istrator of the diocese during the vacancy of the see. Pope Pius
IX appointed him bishop of the diocese on the third day of Octo-
ber, 1848, and on the fourteenth day of January, 1849, Bishop
Miles, of Nashville, assisted by Bishop Spalding, of Louisville, and
Father Dupontavice, consecrated him bishop in the cathedral of
St. Francis Xavier.
His appointment as bishop was received with joy and delight
by both the clergy and laity. He had been for a long time con-
nected with the diocese, and had come to it in its infancy before
the Catholics in it were organized and formed into congregations;
had witnessed and assisted in its growth and development, and
was well acquainted with all its .affairs. He .issued his first pas-
toralietter in October, 1849, and in it he disclosed what subjects
should receive his special care during his episcopate. The most
prominent among these was the protection and care of orphan
children. This declaration in his first pastoral letter was strictly
adhered to by him during the many long j'ears he was the head of
the Catholic church in the diocese of Vincennes, and justified the
peculiar appropriateness of the floral inscription that was erected in
St. Xavier's cathedral, over the railing in front of the sanctuary,
on the occasion of his funeral, "The Father of the Fatherless. "
His care and concern for the orphan children of his diocese may be
said to have marked and distinguished in a special manner his epis-
copate.
When, in 1863, he erected on the Highland tract, near Vin-
cennes, the splendid asylum for boys which was destroyed by fire
in the spring of 1889, and when the majestic and artistic propor-
tions of the structure loomed up in full view of the city, he was
approached by many persons who requested him to change its use
and purpose, and establish in its stead a college and devote it to
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
educational purposes, as it was too fine and cost!}' a building to be
devoted to an asylum for orphan children. But Bishop de St.
Palais would not listen to such suggestions and would always reply
that, so long as he was bishop of the diocese, it should always be the
home of his destitute orphan children. This love and devotion to
the orphan children did not wane but increased the logner he con-
tinued as bishop.
He not only devoted his attention to the care of the orphans,
but also paid special attention to the education of priests and the
support of the ecclesiastical seminary, for the purpose. He pro-
vided for an annual collection for the theological seminary, to be
taken up on Easter Sunday.
When Bishop de St. Palais took charge of the diocese in
1849, which then comprised the entire state of Indiana, there were
but thirty-five priests in it, only fifty churches and chapels and a
Catholic population of only about 30,000. When he died in 1877,
the state had been subdivided and the diocese of Fort Wayne had
been erected, embracing about one half of the territorial area of
the state; and yet the portion still embraced in the diocese of Fort
Wayne contained 117 priests, 151 churches and a population of
about 90,000.
His administration was uniform and regular. He did not
attempt to stimulate or push matters, but let everything take its
course, and simply guided and controlled it as it was carried along
by the logic of events. He was of an amiable and affable disposi-
tion, and it took something extraordinary to ruffle his smooth and
gentle temper. When he would indicate or manifest impatience or
displeasure the half-formed frown that could scarcely find time to
gather on his brow was only temporary, and he would soon resume
his usual composure. Any sign of anger would disappear before the
force and warmth of his kind and affectionate heart as quickly as the
morning mist fades before the face of the rising sun. Although he
did not, apparently, force matters, yet he neglected nothing. He
pursued the calm and even tenor of his way, and devoted all his
time to the discharge of his episcopal duties. He noiselessly and
quietly passed through his diocese, without seeking, and even wish-
ing to avoid, all ostentation and display. He dearly loved the
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
diocese of Vincennes, and would not think of severing his connec-
tion with it. Owing to the position and influence of his family in
France, he could have, if he had consented, been raised to one of
the largest and most desirable archepiscopal sees in France. On
account of the kind and hospitable treatment Louis Napoleon
received when an exile from France, at the hands of Louis de St.
Palais, a brother of the bishop and an officer in the French naval
service, when later Napoleon became emperor he wished to requite
the kind offices of Louis de St. Palais by securing for his brother,
Bishop de St. Palais, the archbishopric of Toulouse, then vacant,
and one of the most important in France. But this honor Bishop
de St. Palais declined, preferring to remain in the diocese of Vin-
cennes, which he had assisted in founding and building up, in
which he had labored for so many years, and in which he wished
to die and be buried.
During his administration many churches, asylums and institu-
tions of learning were built, and the visible and material appearance
of the diocese improved. He was also instrumental in bringing
into the diocese as many as five of the male orders of the church,
including the Benedictines and Franciscans, who have accomplished
so much good. He also occasioned the coming of as many as
seven of the female orders in the church, whose labors and services
have been equally beneficial.
During his episcopacy he made as many as three visits to
Rome, the grand center of Catholic light and unity, the two after
the first, 1849, in successive decades — 1859, 1869. His last visit
was in attending the Vatican council, which promulgated the decree
of the infallibility of the Pope in spiritual matters, and which
dogma he firmly advocated.
He was officially connected with the diocese of \'incennes for
a continuous period of forty-one years, from 1836 to 1877, thirteen
of which he spent in discharging the arduous duties of a missionary
priest in a new and wild country, and twenty-eight as the head of
the diocese.
In the latter part of June, 1877, he attended the commence-
ment exercises of St. Mary's institute for young ladies, near Terre
Haute. He was apparently in his usual health, and the day pre-
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
vioiis to the paralytic attack which caused his death, he was present
and took a prominent part in the commencement exercises of that
institution. On the morning of June 28, 1877, on arising at five
o'clock, he was prostrated by a stroke of paralysis and died the
same evening at five o'clock. The news of his death was soon
known all over the diocese, and was not only a great surprise to
every one, as he was supposed to be in excellent health, but was a
source of general sorrow and regret. His body was embalmed
and transferred on the 30th day of June following to Vincennes,
where his remains, incased in a fine casket and robed in his episco-
pal garments, were placed in St. Rose's chapel, across the street
from the episcopal residence, where they remained lying in state,
and were visited and viewed by many thousands of his friends and
acquaintances until July the 3d following, when the last sad
and solemn service of the Catholic church prescribed for such an
occasion was performed in St. Francis Xavier's cathedral, and his
funeral took place. The church for this occasion was heavily^
draped in mourning, elaborate floral decorations and other artistic
preparations were made, and the interior of the old cathedral,
within which so many grand ceremonies had previously taken
place, never presented so marked and memorable a display. An
excellent photograph of the interior of the church as it appeared
on this occasion was taken, and numerous copies of it made and
obtained by persons in many parts of the diocese. The trains on
all the railroads entering Vincennes brought numbers of people
from all parts of the state, including many distinguished public
men. The citizens of Vincennes attended in vast numbers. To
prevent confusion persons were stationed at the various entrances
of the cathedral to regulate and control admission to it. A funeral
procession was formed that escorted the remains through the prin-
cipal streets from St. Rose's chapel to the cathedral. The casket
containing the remains was carried on a hearse drawn by six horses
draped in mourning. Many distinguished prelates and clergymen
were in the procession, and all the various Catholic societies con-
nected with the Catholic churches of Vincennes, the orphans from
the asylum and a great number of citizens in carriages and on foot.
The procession was the largest ever known in that city.
(89)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
The high mass requiem was celebrated by Archbishop Purcell,
of Cincinnati, who had been so often brought within the venerable
walls of St. Francis Xavier, sometimes on joyous and sometimes,
as in this case, on solemn occasions. He was very properly
assigned this sad and melancholy duty. Bishops Baltes, of Alton;
Foley, of Chicago; Spalding, of Peoria; Dwenger, of Fort Wayne,
and over lOO priests were in the sanctuary and church. Bishop
Dwenger, of Fort Wayne, delivered the funeral oration.
After the solemn ceremonies were concluded, the casket con-
taining the remains was carried by clergymen present from the
church to the basement chapel, and there deposited in a vault pre-
pared for them beneath the sanctuary floor of the chapel, in front
and on the gospel side of the altar.
(90)
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
CHAPTER VI.
RIGHT REV. FRANCIS SILAS CHATARD, FIFTH BISHOP OF VINCENNES
HIS CONSECRATION, RECEPTION AND INSTALLATION — TWENTY
YEARS OF PROGRESS DIOCESE OF INDIANAPOLIS.
THE diocese of Vincennes had been signally favored during the
years intervening between 1849 and 1877. It was in those
twenty-eight years that the dignified Bishop de St. Palais witnessed
the progress of the church, keeping pace with the passage of the
years. Each decade showed an increase of population, churches
and priests.
Happily, Providence provided for a continuance of these bless-
ings by giving to the diocese its present bishop, who, for twenty
years, has now (1898) been guiding the ship of the church in these
parts with a hand made steady by power from on high. With the
power that made steady and sturdy the hand on the tiller, came,
also, the divine light to illuminate the course-way. The sea was
rough at times; rocks and shoals were plenty in the passage; but
aided by Him who " doeth all things well," the voyage has thus
far been a prosperous one.
Dr. Chatard, a native of Baltimore, Md., and, at the time of
his appointment to the see of Vincennes, rector of the American
college at Rome, was divinely chosen through Leo XHI to con-
tinue the good work most faithfully prosecuted by his worthy pred-
ecessor. He was consecrated at Rome by Cardinal Franchi, pre-
fect of the Propaganda, May 12, 1878, and arrived at Vincennes,
Ind., August II, when the citizens, without distinction of creed,
headed by their committee, received him with great distinction.
The mayor of Vincennes was included in the committee and Judge
Niblack of the supreme court was its chairman. The address of
welcome was delivered by Hon. H. S. Cauthorn.
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
Bishop Chatard was duly installed by Archbishop Purcell, of
Cincinnati, and solemnized pontifical high-mass, surrounded by
thirty-five of his priests and in the presence of a very large con-
gregation.
The committee of priests, consisting of the Very Rev. A.
Bessonies, A. Scheideler and Father Audran, who had gone to Cin-
cinnati to meet the bishop and who had charge of all the arrange-
ments for his reception and installation, acceded to the wishes of
the Sisters of Providence to give the new bishop a reception at St.
Mary's of the Woods Young Ladies' academy. The function was
performed at that institution, August 15, on which occasion a
number of novices received the veil, while others made their final
vows. The exercises were very imposing and the arrangements
were faithfully carried out.
August 17, Bishop Chatard reached Indianapolis, his future
home. He was permitted by Rome to make the capital of the
state his episcopal city while he retained the title of Bishop of Vin-
'•cennes.* Indianapolis rejoiced in the distinction of having the new
bishop take up his abode among its citizens; and, as if to give
proof of the fact, its reception of Dr. Chatard was most cordial,
generous and imposing. The governor of the state, Mr. Williams;
the mayor of Indianapolis, Mr. Cavan; the clergy, the Catholic
societies, and the great body of the people welcomed to their city
the head of the church in southern Indiana.
THE ADDRESSES OF WELCOME.
Governor Williams in welcoming the bishop said:
1 feel the greatest imaginable pleasure in having the honor of welcoming to
this state such a distinguished personage as the future bishop of the diocese of
Vincennes. Your predecessor, the Rt. Rev. Maurice de St. Palais, I knew well.
He was a gentleman whose memory still lives, and will ever live, in the minds of
not only his people but the people of the state of Indiana, for the many kind acts
he has performed and the great work he has accomplished.
* Even as long ago as 1878 the increase among the Catholic people of Indi-
ana impressed the thoughtful with the notion that sooner or later the state of Indi-
ana must be divided into three dioceses, the southern section retaining the name,
Vincennes; the middle that of Indianapolis; and the northern its present name,
Fort Wayne.
{M)
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
Mayor Cavan's address was as follows:
Right Rev. Hisliop: .Some lime ago our people were informed of y(jur
appointment as bislui]i of X'incciini's, and it met with a unanimity and enthusiasm
of approval perliajis without precedeht, and from that moment the open hand and
heart awaited your coming— a welcome more tenderly told you in the warm clasp
and kindly eye, than in words. I scarcely feel as if I were welcoming a stranger
to-day, but rather one whom we have all known.
You have won the confidence and love of these people before you came.
^■ou have come to a held of great responsibility and labor, but your toils will be
lightened and sweetened by the devoted aid of your fellow laborers— among them
the good Father Bessonies,who, like the Master he professes to serve, is continually
going about and doing good. His footfall is a familiar sound in the homes of
sorrow and by the couch of the dying, while he points the bereaved to a better land
above, where sorrow never comes and the weary are at rest. Much gratified at
your selection of our city for your place of residence and wishing you long life and
hajipiness and a mission of great usefulness, to the many welcomes you are receiv-
ing, I wish to add and to mingle my own.
BISHOP CHATARD's RESPONSE.
In response to the addresses of the governor and the ma3or,
Bishop Chatard said:
Although words are inadequate to the e.xpression of my feelings on this
occasion, I desire to thank your Excellency, the Governor, for thus coming to wel-
come me on the occasion of my hrst visit to the capital of Indiana. In speaking of
my predecessor, Monsignor M. de St. Palais, as a devoted Christian and a benefi-
cent citizen, you have said that which I know full well to be a fact. He was one
who sacrificed name, friends and much else that was dear to him for the purpose
of serving God and promoting the interests of the church in this diocese; and when
I remember the great virtues by which my predecessor was distinguished, I feel
almost dismayed in coming here to fill his place. Inasmuch, however, as I count
not so much upon my own abilities as upon the power of God to sustain me, I know
that there is no reason to be dismayed. I thank God that I have been called upon
to labor in the name of God, for the good of his church; and let me add that, so far
as I am able, I shall always endeavor to co-operate with the civil authorities so as
to make our jieople better citizens. The Catholic church always teaches respect
for the authorities because it recognizes all authority as coming from Almighty
God, and therefore no one among our people that is not a good citizen can be a
good Catholic. The Catholic church teaches everyone respect for the rights of
others, and it also teaches its followers to despise all those persons who in these
days engage in socialistic and communistic movements. There are many persons
who profess to have pet theories for the bettering of the people that are really the
enemies of society, and the Catholic church warns its followers to beware of all
such ]iersons, and enjoins them to stand by the constituted authorities.
As you are well aware, I have been absent from this country a number of
years, during which I have resided in Rome — a city which is of the deepest interest
6 ~l95j
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
to all classes of people throughout the civilized world. Rome offers the most
abundant facilities to the scholar and the theologian to follow many interestmg
branches of study; but notwithstanding all this I have cheerfully left my home in
that city, where I have lived so many years, to come here and labor for the good
of those who are committed to my car©, and my hope is that our lives may be
spent happily together, profitably for all of us, and for the interests of the church.
The next day, August i8, Bishop Chatard celebrated pontif-
ical high mass at St. John's pro-cathedral. Every seat in that
spacious edifice was occupied, while hundreds were obliged to
stand. The church was tastefully and beautifully decorated.
Around the sanctuary were blooming oleanders, and from one of
them in a prominent place was suspended a neat cross of white
daisies. At either end of the sanctuary hung the American Hag, and
around the walls were placed the papal tiara and escutcheon sur-
rounded by papal and American liags. The stations of the cross
hanging along the walls of the cathedral were decorated with
evergreens, and above them were hung festoons of red, white, blue
and yellow.
The canonical reception of the new bishop took place at the
main door of the cathedral, where Very Rev. Aug. Bessonies
resigned his administratorship of the diocese into the bishop's
hands and delivered the following address of welcome in behalf of
the priests. That portion of it reproduced in Father Alerding's
history from the press of the following day is here given:
VERY KEV. FATHER BESSONJES' ADDRESS.
Rt. Rev. Bishop: I feel much honored and truly happy to welcome your
lordship to your new home — to the city of Indianapolis. You will find, no doubt, a
great difference between the Eternal city and this city, the existence of which dates
back scarcely half a century. But here, as well as there, I assure you, you will find
loving hearts ready to appreciate your worth. As administrator of this diocese,
the task of welcoming you has devolved upon me. Others of your clergy would
use words more eloquent and flowery, but none, I dare say, could speak to you
with more candor and sincerity. You are personally a stranger to most of us, and
still pretty well known to us through your friends. A voice has been heard from
the north, from the south, from the east, from the west, and even from across the
broad Atlantic, proclaiming your praises. " Your bishop," said to me a prelate from
the north, " is another St. Francis of Sales." A bishop from the south, one intimately
accjuainted with your lordship for years, writes to me: "You have an admirable
bishop, and one, I am sure, who will satisfy the wishes of all— pious, learned, dis-
interested, and full of zeal for the interests of religion." From the east rises the
voice of the Sisters of Charity, those angels of peace who know you so well and
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
sinj^ the Te Deum on hearing of your nomination. The west speaks also, and irr
n(» less flatterinc: terms. " Father Chatard," says the Western Watchman, "who is
appointed bisliop of V^incennes, is a very elegant and courtly gentlemaq, a man of
consummate administrative abilities, and a strict hut considerate disciplinarian."
From across the broad ocean, one of your predecessors in the see of Vincennes
sjieaks <»f one of the qualities required by St. Paul for a bishop, and praises the hos-
jijtality of the Chatard family, so generously extended to him when attending the
council of Baltimore, in years gone by, and is thankful to God for such choice.
He then, no doubt, gave his episcopal blessing to the bright little boy who was to
be one day his successor in the see of Vincennes, and that blessing has produced
its fruits.
But besides the flattering testimonies rendered to your worth by all those that
knew you, we have already a safer way to judge of your merits: I mean your first
pastoral, which does credit to your head and heart, and has made you hosts of
friends. The idea of sending such a messenger before you must have been an
inspiration from above, and, judging the tree by its fruits, we could not desire a
better bishop. Your lordship will be the proper link to connect the past with the-
future in this diocese, and your ashes will not be dishonored when they go to rest
with those of the saintly Brute, the too short-lived good bishop Bazin, and those of
your immediate predecessor, whose labors extend over a period of forty years as
priest and bishop, and whose memory as the kindest of prelates is now, and will, I
hope, remain in veneration for all generations to come.
THE bishop's response.
Bishop Chatard, in response to Father Bessonies' kindly wel-
come, excused himself from making a lengthy address, and said:
While I am satisfied that your people have been devout and zealous in the
past it is no guarantee that they will continue so in the future unless they depend
upon God for His assistance through the power of prayer. The success of my life
and yours must be obtained through prayer. As regards the clergy, I know enough
already. Their reputation has gcjne abroad throughout the whole country. I know
them to be full of zeal in disinterested work for the glory of God. I know of your
schools and your charities. They are known all over the land. I know also the
zeal of the laity and how they show their zeal, which comes from the Holy Ghost.
I thank you again for your presence and good wishes, and would ask that you
remember me in your prayers. I thank you. Father Bessonies, for your administra-
tion. God grant you grace to continue it.
During the mass which followed Bishop Chatard delivered his
first sermon in Indianapolis. The tenor of his discourse and the
manner of its delivery completely won the hearts of the people,
both Catholics and Protestants. It was on the divine authority to
teach.
~{97)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
KT. RKV. DR. CHATARD's SERMO>f.
He took for his text the fifteenth verse of the tenth chapter of
Romans* "And how shall they preach, unless they be sent?"
"These words," he said, " were written by an inspired writer; by one whom
God Ahnighty had chosen as his minister throughout all eternity. Faith implied
belief in authority, a teaching authority. You cannot believe a person who comes
to you to speak for himself, but you must accept one who comes to speak, for
another with his authority. If an officer of the law comes to serve a summons, or
make an arrest, you would demand his credentials and authority, and having seen
them, would obey. So, if a man comes to you to preach, you must know clearly
whether he preaches for himself, or whether he comes with the commission of
Christ. In all ages, where religion has been preached, the hearers have demanded
to see the credentials. * * * j come to-day entering upon the responsible
duties of the head of the church in this diocese by the commission of the successor
of St. Peter, the vicar of Jesus on this earth. He gives the credentials and sends
his ministers forth. The people want to know who he is. This happiness I pos-
sess, of having been sent to you by the vicar of Jesus. I now have the happiness
to speak from the lips of him who sent me here. In the last interview I had with
him he told me that the first time I should meet you to speak of faith. I would
ask you to call to mind that without faith you cannot please God; without faith all
actions are vain. Faith is the corner-stone of our edifice of life. If you have
faith, and listen to Jesus and his ministers, you will have all the means of leading
happy lives— supernatural lives, permeated with the grace of God. Those who
are in faith with God are living, however humble their station, lives pleasing to
Almighty God. Each action in such a life has a degree of merit which will live
to eternity. He told me further to implore you to keep your faith, and help those
around you to keep theirs. Don't expose yourself so as to lose faith. If you
trifle, you may lose. There are men and women who have lost faith by hearing
attacks which they could noli refute. They were too weak, too heedless, and were
lost. The great majority hold to their faith with tenacity, but the number lost is
not small. Advance in every way Catholic education, not because we hate other
religions, but because it is our first and greatest duty to preserve that priceless
boon — faith. Let us bend every effort to preserve our faith, obey cheerfully our
directors and rulers, who come in the name of Christ, because we know that all
authority comes from on high. Our weakness will then be buoyed up, we shall
become strong, we shall lay up treasures for the real life which lasts through
eternity. We will see all our good actions shining like jewels in our crown."
In the afternoon the Catholic societies assembled and formed
a pjocession nearly a mile in length. The Irish societies composed
the first division and the German societies the second. Between
the divisions were Bishop Chatard and other clergymen in carriages.
Rev. Denis O'Donaghue, in behalf of the societies, arose in
his carriage and, in his own eloquent style, welcomed the bishop
to the diocese. He delivered the following address:
<98)
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
RKV. FATHER (J DON.VtiHL K S ADIJRESS.
On the part of our Catholic societies and Catholic people, I have tlie jileasure
and privilege of extending to you a hearty welcome to the cafiital of Indiana. We
have for some time looked for your coming among us, and we are glad that ycju
are now here. We have come together this evening to testify our appreciaticjn of
your high (jualities and to thank you for the favor you do us in making this city
your permanent home. We would wish to know better how to receive you and
how to honor one occupying the exalted station you do, but we are sure you will
ascribe any deficiency m this regard to inexperience rather than to any lack of
good will on our part.
You come to us from the Eternal city, clothed with authority from the vicar
of Christ, and as such we bow to you in filial reverence and obedience. Your
presence in this important city will be productive of good, not only to your own
flock, but to many others besides. The great church of which you are a bishop
will become better known, its doctrines will begin to be more thoroughly examined
bv a community that does not understand them, and its teachings will satisfy the
minds of sincere searchers after truth. Statesmen and philosophers of this day
are beginning to recognize the great truth that the Catholic church is the strongest
conservative element that human governments can find to rely upon. Bilt yester-
day the chancellor of Germany was ready to trample on the church of his ances-
tors, and thought no law unjust that looked to its overthrow; now this eminent
statesman shows signs of readiness to negotiate with the authorities of Rome.
The stability of his empire, built on irreligion, is threatened by the socialistic ele-
ments whom he has taught to forget God, and who have themselves learned to
disregard individual rights and human laws. The Catholic church here has a mis-
sion to fulfill equally as important as in the old world. Infidelity is overleaping
the barriers that held it in check in this land, and those who would escape the
ravages are looking to the church as the only power to stay its progress. The gospel
of Christ, preached by those whom he has placed to rule his church, w-ill triumph in
this important conflict. \Ve greet you, IMonseigneur, as a soldier of the cross, whose
mission is a mission of peace and good-will to all men. We trust you will never find
us" unmindful of your wise counsel, and we assure you that you will not have reason
to regret the confidence you repose in us as dutiful and grateful subjects. Accept
this slight testimonial of respect which we wish to pay you on this, your first day
among us, and allow us to indulge the hope that we may long possess the privi-
lege of being guided by your good advice and pious direction. In the death of
your sainted predecessor we lost a father who loved us. In the person of your-
self, Providence has sent a successor worthy to walk in his footsteps. We promise
that the respect and love we gave him will be given to you, and in return we ask
your prayers and blessing for our temjioral and eternal welfare.
The bishop's response was in his happiest vein and was along
the Hnes of the address of welcome.
The welcoming ceremonies over, Bishop Chatard at once set-
tled down to the business of governing a diocese of nearly 90,000
Catholics, having in it 127 priests and 151 churches and missions.
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
He saw the great work he had to do, and, humanly regarding it,
he must have quailed before it; but, trusting in help from on high,
and in the power of prayer, as he declared in his sermon and
addresses, he resolutely entered upon his arduous labors.
Recognizing the need for a synodical gathering of his priests,
Bishop Chatard called them together on the loth of the following
December, 1878. This synod, the first under the present bishop
and the second in the diocese, met in St. John's church, Indian-
apolis. Of the 127 priests in the diocese, eighty-two were present.
The following were in attendance.
Rev.
Very
Rev.
H. Alerding.
Ernest Audran.
Denis Abarth, O. S. F.
Rev. Aug. Bessonies, A'. G.
Ferdinand Bergmeyer, O. S. F.
Leonard Brandt.
Bernard Brueggemann.
L. M. S. Burkhardt.
Clement J. Conrad.
John B. Chasse.
Daniel Curran. ,
Francis De Langie.
Januarius M. D'Arco.
Aloysius Danenhoffer.
John W. Doyle.
John Dion.
Joseph Dickmann.
John H. Diestel.
William Doyle.
Julius J. Duddenhausen.
C. Ehson. O. M. C.
Bernard F.vvers.
Edward Faller.
Arsenius Fahle, O. S. F.
P. R. Fitzpatrick.
Joseph Fleischmann.
Meinrad Fleischmann.
John P. Gillig.
John J. Gabriel.
Francis X. Girolt.
Mathias A. Gillig.
Louis Gueguen.
John Gueguen.
Michael Guthneck.
Isidore Hobi, O. S. B.
Michael Heck.
Ferdinand Hundt.
Henry H. Kessing.
John 15. Kelley.
W. Kemper.
Francis Ignatius Klein.
Rev. Alexander Koesters.
" T. X. Logan.
" Joseph Lesen, O. M. C.
" Eugene F. McBarron.
" D. Marzetti.
" John McCabe.
" C. McEvoy, O. M. C.
" Patrick McDermott.
" J. Mougin.
" Andrew Michael.
" J. M. Missi.
" Aegid. Merz.
" Denis J. McMullen.
" Joseph Merckl.
" Alphonse Munschina.
" Francis M. Mousset.
" Denis O'Donovan.
" Timothy O'Donaghue.
" D. O'Dongahue.
" Leo Osredkar. O. S. F.
" Hippolite Pierrard.
" Hugh Peythieu.
" James Pfeiffer.
" Frederic \V. Pepersack.
" Bartholomew Piers.
" Michael Quinlan.
" Francis J. Rudolf.
" \'ictor A. Schnell.
" J. P. Sassel.
" Anthony A. Schenk.
" Francis Seegmueller.
" J. B. H. Seepe.
" Caspar Seller.
" H. J. Seibertz.
" Anthony Scheideler, V. G.
" E. J. Spelman.
" Florentine J. Sondermann.
" Francis Torbeck.
" Frederick \'icfhaus.
" Roman W'cinzoepfel.
" George Widerin.
(100)
IX THE STATE OF INDIANA.
Immediately following the adjournment of the synod, the
bishop issued a pastoral letter in which he treated on such topics
as then were needful to be discussed, and on which, doubtless, the
synod had taken action. These topics were: The Church of God,
The Clergy and the Laity, The Sacrament of Matrimony, Catholic
Schools, Secret Societies, Catholic Societies.
The evils resulting from mixed marriages becoming quite glar-
ing and numerous in the diocese, the bishop, a short time after-
ward, found it necessary to disapprove of and condemn such mar-
riages. To do this most effectually, he issued another pastoral
replete with instructions to both priests and people, especially
exhorting and directing the former to see to it that purely Cath-
olic marriages become the order — the strict rule — thereafter; and
that mixed marriages be tolerated only for good and sufficient
cause.
The Third synod was held at St. John's church, Indianapolis,
November 30, 1880. At this gathering of the clergy seventy-nine
were present. The matters concerning which action was taken
were the schools, the orphans and cemeteries.
The Fourth synod took place, also at St. John's church, Indi-
anapolis, November 9, 1886. There was an attendance of ninety-
six priests. The regulations of the Baltimore council of 1884 were
put in force, and the division of the diocese into seven deaneries
or districts was effected. The districts named were Vincennes,
Evansville, Cannelton, New Albany, Madison, Lawrenceburg and
Indianapolis. A dean was later appointed to have charge of each
district; that of Indianapolis was not given a dean. The law relat-
ing to irremovable rectors was also adopted, and the following ten
parishes were named, the pastors of which were declared subject
to the law: St. Mary's, Indianapolis; St. John's, Vincennes; St.
Mary's, Richmond; St. Andrews's, Richmond; St. Simon's, Wash-
ington; Assumption, Evansville; Holy Trinity, Evansville; St.
Mary's, New Albany; St. Patrick's, Indianapolis; Holy Trinity,
New Albany.
The Fifth synod was held at St. John's church. Indianapolis,
May 3, 1 89 1. There were ninety-four priests present. The busi-
ness attended to was regarding the regulation of schools and
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
school books, making provision for the maintenance of infirm
priests, and the estabhshment of rules touching Christian burial.
It is as difficult to give statistics touching the spiritual as it is
to photograph a soul. Yet there are signs which indicate results
in this respect, and which may be consulted if we wish to arrive at
conclusions regarding the great influence of the Catholic church
among its adherents in the southern half of. Indiana.
In the diocese of Vincennes, since the advent of Bishop Cha-
tard, twent}' years ago — 1 878-1 898 — there have been but two public
interruptions of good order — disturbances by two priests in paro-
chial temporalities. These have been happily righted, and the
parties thereto have submitted to the governing ecclesiastical
authority and are now at their posts, zealous for the cause of relig-
ion, and are as warmly regarded by the authority as if no disagree-
ment had occurred. This shows what religion can accomplish,
and how justice and mercy, together with charity, can work won-
ders among men. While such troubles are to be avoided and
regretted, yet, when properly adjusted, good often results, since
the healing process is an object lesson, not only to the faithful^
but even to those not of the faith.
That the governing spirit of the diocese is of God, and that it
has been alert and cautious in all things pertaining to both the
spiritual and the temporal, can be seen in the increase and pros-
perity which have marked the affairs of the Vincennes diocese thus
far. In the last twenty years, or since the present bishop took
charge, in 1878, there have been twenty-six new parishes organized,
and in each of them a new church (and in many instances a new
school) has been erected. Each of these parishes has its resident
priest. The estimated cost of these improvements exceeds $550,-
000. Beside these, there have been ten new missions established,
and a church built in each; and in nineteen of the old parishes
new churches have been erected, the cost of which, including new
schools, will not fall far short of a half-million dollars. It would
be safe to say that one and one-fourth million dollars would not
exceed the amount expended in making temporal improvements
during the past twenty years in the diocese of Vincennes. The
people who have contributed this money, and the men who have
I.N THli STATE OF INDIANA.
looked after its judicious expenditure, give the evidence that the
spiritual is not neglected, but fostered and furthered in connection
with these temporalities. The temporal is often an inde.x to the
spiritual.
The twenty-six new parishes and churches referred to are
located or named as follows:
At Indianapolis — St. Bridget's, St. Francis, Holy Cross,
Assumption, St. Anthony's, SS. Peter and Paul's.
At Evansville — St. Boniface, Sacred Heart, St. Anthony.
At Terre Haute — St. Patrick's.
Then follow those at Bedford; Navilleton; Cedar Grove; Clin-
ton; Henry ville; Sullivan; Posey ville, Posey county; Siberia, Perry
county; St. Ann's, Jennings county; St. Denis, Decatur county; St.
Joseph's and St. Martin's, Martin county; St. Michael's, Daviess
county; St. Thomas, Knox county; Yankeetovvn, Warrick county,
and Boonville, in the same countv.
The nineteen new churches erected since 1878, in parishes
previously organized, are located or named as follows:
Columbus; Connersville; Greensburg; Greenfield; Hayden,
Jennings county; Huntingburg, Dubois county; Martinsville; Mt.
Vernon; Princeton; Rockville; Rushville; Morris, Ripley county;
St. Anthony, Dubois county; St. Croix, Perry county; St. John's,
Warrick county; St. Benedict's, Terre Haute; Troy, Perry county,
and St. Simon's, Washington, Daviess county.
The ten new missions and churches are: Coxville, Fontanet
and Rosedale, Park county; St. Michael's, St. Peter's, Laconia and
Locust Point, Harrison county; St. Joseph's, Crawford county;
Linton, Green county, and Adyeville, Perry county.
Of the 172 priests active in the diocese at this time (1898),
130 are of the diocesan clergy proper, as distinct from the mem-
bers of religious orders. Those ordained by Bishop Chatard and
now laboring in the diocese are as follows:
Rev. C. Conrad. Rev. F. Roell.
M. Guthneck. " H. Fein.
A. Riehle. " P. Baron.
J. J. Macke. . " J. F. Bauer.
A. P'eigen. " J. Hegger.
F. Luebbermann. " A. .Schaaf.
C. Bilger. " J. Thie.
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
Rev. C. Schwartz.
M. Andres.
C. Curran.
P. Hommes.
T. McLaut^hlin.
J. Rvves. ^
VVm'. Wack.
A. A. Kaelin.
* A. Peckskamp.
J. Matthews.
M. Bogemann.
J. M. Zoglniann.
Geo. Loesch.
Theo. Mesker.
F. H. Gavisk.
J. A. Urich.
K. Schott.
F. J. Neuhoffer.
C. Strieker.
J. H. Hillebrand.
Jas. Byrne.
F. B. Dowd.
J. H. Boersig.
H. Moss.
Rev. J. F. Weber.
" J. F. Stanton.
" J. F. Mattinsly.
" Jos. Chartrand.
" Chas. A. Clever.
" Stephen Uonohue.
" J. Scheefers.
" \Vm. Jochum.
" J. Haskamp.
" L. P'ichter.
" Jos. Gerdon.
" J. A. Kohhiiann.
" E. Ledvina.
" J. P. O'Connell.
" J. J. Wade.
" J. Gorman.
" M. Toelle.
" F. X. Unterreitmeier.
" Wm. Liesen.
" F. W. Wolf.
" Jos. Haas.
" J. Loibl.
" Jos. Schaub.
" E. Ketter.
From information at hand, and from careful estimates made
by Very Rev. Chancellor O'Donahgue of the diocese of Vincennes
{in 1898) the following facts and figures are of consequunce, since
they more fully set forth the state of the diocese:
1. Priests, both diocesan and religious, 172.
2. Churches, not including chapels, 175.
3. One diocesan seminary, with thirty-three students.
4. Two Novitiates for religious communities for men, twenty-five students.
5. Two colleges and academies for boys, students 200.
•6. Eighteen academies for young ladies, pupils 3,000.
7. Ninety-seven parochial schools, pupils attending 13,934.
8. Two industrial and reform schools and one charitable institution.
9. Three hospitals and two homes for the aged poor.
10. Total number of young people under Catholic care in the diocese, 16,550.
11. Total marriages during previous year, 952.
12. Total baptisms " " " 2,657.
13. Total burials " " " 1,755.
14. Catholic population, liberally estimated at 120,000.
15. Total expended in twenty years, in making temporal improvements.
81,250,000.
Among the events of note in the diocese was the investing of
Rt. Rev. Mgr. Aug. Bessonies as domestic prelate to the Pope by
Bishop Chatard, April 28, 1884. He was appointed the 22nd of
the previous January. Another event was the celebration of his
(104)
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
golden jubilee by Mgr. Bessonies February 22, 1890. This grand
old man of the diocese, while not the oldest. in years, is yet the old-
est in service as a priest.
In 1887 the golden jubilee of Pope Leo XIII was grandly cele-
brated in Indianapolis. A public meeting of 5,000 Catholics was
held in Tomlinson Hall, which was addressed by Bishop Chatard,
Very Rev. A. Scheideler, M. W. Carr and George Wolf.
In the spring of 1898 the brief from the Holy Father, Leo
XIII. was received by Bishop Chatard, granting permission to
change the name of the diocese from that of Vincennes to Indi-
anapolis, entailing all the legal changes that must result as an effect
of the brief. It makes Indianapolis not only an episcopal city,
but also the see city and seat of the ecclesiastical authority for
the diocese. It also empowers the erection of a cathedral, which
long-expected work will be undertaken in the near future. The
issuance of the brief referred to is the latest event of importance in
the history of the former diocese of Vincennes and the present
diocese of Indianapolis.
The following letter announcing the change in the title of the
•diocese was addressed to the priests by Bishop Chatard:
Reverend Sir: A brief from the holy see, bearing date March 28, 1898,
for reasons approved of by his HoUness, and on the recommendation of the Most
Rev. Archbishop of Cincinnati and of all the right reverend bishops of this province,
changes the title of the diocese of \'incennes to that of the diocese of Indianapolis.
We notify your reverence of this act for all legal effects following from it, and
that all communicatians to the ordinary of the diocese may be so addressed.
. ' FRANCIS SILAS,
Indianapolis, Ind., April 30, 1898. - Bishop of Indianapolis.
(105)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
CHAPTER VII.
SKETCH OF RT. REV. FRANCIS SILAS CHATARD, FIFTH BISHOP OF THE
DIOCESE OF VINCENNES, NOW THE DIOCESE OF INDIANAPOLIS
HIS FIRST PASTORAL LETTER SENT FROM ROME.
THE fifth and present bishop of Vincennes, now the diocese of
Indianapolis, was born in Baltimore, Md., December 13,
1834. Following the example of two generations of his family,
he became a doctor of medicine, and after graduation, in 1853, he
practiced for two years in the Baltimore infirmary attached to the
university, and in the city alms-house hospital as one of the resi-
dent physicians.
Without becoming dissatisfied with the medical profession
as a profession, or losing to any degree his love for it as a
science, he forsook the calling to devote himself to a higher
one. He felt himself called to the ministry that concerns itself
about the soul rather than the body, and he forthwith applied to
Archbishop Kenrick, then of Baltimore, to be permitted to proceed
regularly in obedience to the "kindly light" that would lead
him on.
Having graduated in the classics from Mount St. Mary's college
before he began his medical studies, he was therefore well prepared
to begin his divinity studies, to complete which Archbishop Ken-
rick sent him to the Urban college of the Propaganda, at Rome,
Italy. During six years he applied himself assiduously to the study
of philosophy and theology, and in 1863, after a rigid public exam-
ination, he won and received the title of doctor of divinity.
Shortly afterward he was appointed to the vice-rectorship of the
American college at Rome, which position beheld until 1868 when
he became rector of that famous institution.
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
For ten jears Dr. Chatard presided over the American
college as its rector, concerning himself, not alone about its
sphere as an educational institution, but also about its finances,
which, owing to multiplied demands, stood much in need of atten-
tion. On account of failing health his physician recommended a
■change of chmate. This change was had by making a visit to his
native land. While thus recuperating. Dr. Chatard, by authority of
Pope Pius IX, made appeals to the American bishops in behalf of
his college. He was gratified with the responses he received and
was thereby enabled to relieve the institution from embarrassments
occasioned by insufficient revenue.
Dr. Chatard's remarkable success in managing the American
college attracted the attention, not only of the bishops of his
native land, but also and especially that of the Pope, who gra-
ciously recognized him on all occasions, and signally honored him
when opportunity offered. Besides presenting him with a large-
sized gold medal of exquisite design and finish as a token of
approval, and of his own personal regard, he further 'honored him
by appointing him one of the chamberlains at the papal court,
giving him authority to arrange for all audiences for Americans
with the Pope. The conferring of these distinctions was followed
byhis appointment as bishop of Vincennes, which occurred (1878)
while he was in the United States in the interests of the American
college.
These facts and this outline of the career of Dr. Chatard are
an index to the ability and character of the man. while they serve
at the same time to indicate the things upon which his ripe scholar-
ship is based. Besides the advantage of six years of training as a
student in the Urban college, he has had fourteen years of experi-
■ence in conducting the American college, and also the opportunity
of consulting the Vatican library and the rich archives of St. Peter's
church. Mingling with the greatest men of his day, many of whom
he met during the Vatican council, and having learned, by obser-
vation and contact, the things essential to the administration, both
spiritual and temporal, of the greatest institution in the world, the
■Catholic church, he found himself thoroughly equipped to govern
the diocese of which he was appointed bishop.
"(107)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
Always a diligent and patient student, and from his acquaint-
ance with books, knowing where to look for the widest informa-
tion on nearly all questions; appreciating knowledge both for its
own sake as well as for the good uses to which he invariably finds
occasion to devote it, Bishop Chatard stands forth a man whose
mind is well stored with the ripe fruits of more than fifty years of
earnest inquiry and study. A doctor in divinity as well as in medi-
cine; a philosopher, and a scientist of no mean attainments; a stu-
dent of human nature and a master in sacred science; a fluent
speaker; a profound thinker; a linguist of note, and a writer of
elegance and force, he combines grandeur of soul with superiority
of intellect.
By nature Bishop Chatard is a dignified man. With dignity
he possesses force and decision of character. As a man among
men his distinguished personality and great learning render him
eminent. The high office of bishop loses nothing by his filling it,
nor would a higher be unbecoming to him. Religion with him is a
reality — a fact, not a sentiment. It is a business — the most seri-
ous business of his life. It implies obligation, and obligation ful-
filled is duty done. While serious almost to the point of severity
in dealing with grave matters, and resolutely fixed in his rulings
where new information to the contrary is not forthcoming, he yet
manifests a patience so christian, a tolerance so remarkable, and a
gentleness of character so peculiarly his own that no one has ever
mistaken them for mere yielding or weakness. Firmness, force of
character, great executive ability, rare culture, refinement and
charm of manner are elements so notable in the personality of Dr.
Chatard that even those who know him best find it difficult to say
which one is the most prominent. The fact is, each is superlative
when occasion calls.
While all may not love Bishop Chatard, since all are not equal
to understanding or compassing either him or his official acts, there
is yet to be found any one who does not respect, admire and revere
him both as a man and as a christian bishop.
During the twenty years which Bishop Chatard has ruled as
head of the church in the diocese of Indianapolis, his spiritual
zeal and his great mental vigor, backed by a healthy body,.
(TOST
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
inclined and enabled him to both speak and write much in his
capacity of bishop, and along lines purely spiritual. He began
his career as bishop by addressing a pastoral letter to his diocese,
dated at Rome and written immediately after his consecration.
That letter has been esteemed as among the ablest of modern
times, connecting our day with the times of the early fathers and
the immediate successors of the apostles.
His discourses, too — his sermons — have been replete with
profound thought, apt in application to times and occasions, and
happy in arrangement of the matter. That one delivered on the
occasion of the re-entombment of the remains of Bishop Hailan-
diere was of such rare merit that the desire of Archbishop Elder,
of Cincinnati, to have it published in pamphlet form was carried
out. All of Bishop Chatard's lectures are rich in thought. While
excellence in arrangement and choice of language as to fitness and
force are always in evidence, yet it can be seen that thought is
invariably given first place. It can therefore be said of Dr. Cha-
tard that, when he speaks, he says something.
In giving some extracts from a few of his lectures and dis-
courses, we will begin with his first pastoral, which, because of its
importance as well as because of its being his first, and, besides
being sent from Rome in advance of his coming, has special claims
upon space in a history of the diocese. It is as follows:
BISHOP chatard's FIRST PASTORAL.
Francis Silas, by the grace of God and favor of the Apostolic See, Bishop
of Vincennes, to his clergy and people, health and life everlasting from the Lord:
Raised by the voice of our Chief Pastor to the see of Vincennes, it has
seemed to us most fitting, dearly beloved brethren, to follow the custom of those
bishops, who receive episcopal consecration in the Holy city, and address you in a
few words, as a pledge of that charity of Christ which tills us with zeal for your
welfare; and as a means also of recalling efficaciously those counsels that regard
the direction of your life, the prosperity of our church, and the diffusion of our
holy religion.
We set about this very useful work all the more willingly, because we have
before our eyes the lives and actions of our predecessors of most worthv memory.
In them was to be seen a remarkable zeal for souls. They belonged to that
chosen band of apostles who, following the footsteps of the saints, left home, rela-
tives, their native land, that they might bring the Catholic faith into our beloved
country; that they might reveal the light of truth to our people; that they might
teach the sound principles of right living; that they might be to us, God so dispos-
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
ing and aiding, an example. We certainly owe to these men, dearly beloved
brethren, a debt of gratitude and of special honor. They were your fathers in the
faith; they begot you in the word of truth; and, for the sake of you all, abandon-
ing the comfortsrof life, they laid, in the midst of every kind of trial and sorrow
and trouble, the foundations of this church, which has grown so much and spread
so widely. We say nothing of that remarkable example of piety, Simon Gabriel
Brute, first Bishop of \'incennes, whose memory is in benediction with you. We
say nothing of the other bishops, whose virtues are well known to you. We shall
speak of him who, lately your bishop, has been called to receive his reward,
Maurice de St. Palais. He was indeed a man distinguished for the qualities of
his mind and heart, full of dignity of life, noble of birth, and nobler still by reason
of his virtues. He ruled this church of \'incennes for nearly thirty years. Under
his guidance it flourished always, grew steadily, and by his prudence and wisdom
was preserved from whatever might have troubled the peace, of his people. So
great a blessing did this pastor merit for his flock, that the diocese of Vincennes
may well be held as a model to others.
These examples, dearly beloved brethren, we willingly confess, are to us a
source of diffidence and of strength; of diffidence, w-hen we look at our own lowli-
ness; of strength, because they are a stimulus to us to imitate what our predeces-
sors did in so praiseworthy a manner, not trusting to ourselves, by relying on that
Divine assistance which was always with them and completed their labors.
What was it, dearly beloved brethren, that caused them and others, distin-
guished for wealth and birth, and generous hospitality, to leave their country?
What else but faith? They understood well the value of this heavenly gift; and
that they might bestow on others this gift, valuable far beyond gold and gems and
every earthly treasure, they offered themselves a sacrifice — nay, a holocaust to
God. And if they so prized this priceless boon, we certainly are not to think
lightly of it. Although, by the mercy of God, it is now common to many of our
people, its value is certainly not diminished. In fact, the very sight of its fruits
among us must make us esteem it still more. And that we may have this greater
appreciation of it, permit us for a moment to speak of it; for we do not, perhaps,
sufficiently consider its nature. Faith, so speaks the sacred council of Trent, is
the root of justification; without it, says St. Paul, it is impossible to please God;
Heb. xi, (). As the root is first with regard to the tree, so faith is first with regard
to supernatural life. As no tree comes up from the ground unless the seed be first
planted, so unless this seed of faith be first sown into the soul there is no spiritual,
no supernatural life. Nay, the very first longings and tendencies toward God, to
embrace the teachings of Christ, have their origin from God. -So spoke St. Augus-
tin; for when, thinking of this great gift of faith, he attributed to nature these first
movements of the heart toward God, he came upon the words of St. Cyprian,
commenting the text of St. Paul: " What hast thou that thou had not received ; "
I Cor. iv, V. 7. Enlightened by the grace of God, he understood forthwith that
he had erred, taking credit to himself and not giving thanks to the Almighty. This
error he confessed ingenuously, and to the edification of all.* The same truth was
taught by the second council of Orange, in the sixth century; and the very words
of St. Augustin, used by this council, the venerable council of Trent adopted.
* Lib. de Praedestinatione, ss. c. 3.
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
Vi)U Sfc, therefore, deiirly lieloved liretliren, Iidvv ardently G(k1 has loved us, taking
pity on our poverty, giving to us the principle of life everlasting, and bestowing
on us the adoption of sonshipl For it is l)y this gift of faith that we are called and
are the sons of God.
Such being the case, dearly beloved, we have, in consecjuence, a two-fold
duty; a duty of preserving this faith for ourselves and those under our charge, and
a duty of spreading this faith among those who are outside the unity of the church.
And first, with regard to our duty of preserving the faith for ourselves, and for
those dejiending on us, we are to study- the means suitable for that end. The
words of Christ to his apostles and those to his disciples immediately occur to us:
"Go teach all nations," Matt, xxviii, 19; and " Who hears you hears me," Luke x,
16. In this obedience, in this jiious disj>osition to believe, whereby we heed the
voice of our Pastor, and follow hnn, the security of our faith is founded. This is
no difficult task for us; for you know well, dearly beloved brethren, that our Lord
gave explicitly to the Apostle Peter the office of teaching, when, in the presence of
the other apostles, he said: " I have prayed for thee that thy faith fail not." * * *
" Confirm thy brethren," Luke xxii, 32. From these words it is clear that Peter
and his successors had [)ower to teach to the end of the world; that we have imposed
on us a duty of obeying; and that Peter and his successors perform their ofifice
when teaching the whole church, without danger of error. The Angelic Doctor, St.
Thomas Aquinas, understood this well; for he wrote, commenting on the above
words: "The faith of the church cannot fail, since the Lord said to Peter, I have
jjrayed for thee that thy faith fail not," Qa. Qae. Quaest, II,art. vi. The tEcumenical
council of the Vatican confirmed, by the assistance of the Holy Ghost, this doctrine,
defining the infallibility of the sovereign Pontiff. This teaching was not new,
but, on the contrary, entirely consistent with the principles of the first ages of Chris-
tianity. We shall say nothing of the words of Pope St. Clement, writing to the Cor-
inthians in danger of schism, St. John, the apostle, being still alive, and telling them
they were to observe what he had prescribed for them in the Holy Spirit. We shall
say nothing of what St. Cyprian writes, speaking of the unity of the church. The
beginning is from unity, and the primacy is given to Peter, that the church may
be shown to be one. We shall even omit speaking of the remarkable passage of
St. Augustin to the Pilgrims: "The acts of two councils have been sent to Rome;
thence the answers have come; the matter is at an end; would that once for all
error would cease." Nor shall we delay in speaking of the letter of St. Jerome to
Pope Damasus, where this holy and most learned man, of sublime intellect, and
well acquainted with almost all the churches of his day, distinctly writes: "I, fol-
lowing as first no one but jChrist, am joined in communion with your holiness, that
is, with the cathedra of Peter; I know the church is built on that rock. Whosoever
eats the lamb outside of this house is profane. * * * Whosoever does not
gather with thee, scattereth; that is, whosoever is not of Christ belongs to anti-
Christ." We shall pass over all these. Two facts only shall we mention as briefly
as possible.
The Christians of the Pentaj)olis appealed from the patriarch of Alexandria or
Dionysius, that is from the bishops of the chief church of Egypt founded by St.
Mark the Evangelist. To whom did they appeal? To the Roman pontiff of the
same name, St. Dionysius, and this is a matter of faith. Pope St. Dionysius, in the
discharge of his supreme duty, informed the patriarch of the accusation laid
7 ~(Trr)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
against him, and after receiving his exculpation, declared him not guilty. Having
heard the sentence of the Roman pontiff, these Christians of the third century
withdrew their charges and obeyed the patriarch.
At the same time the faithful of Rome were establishing their cemeteries and
ornamentmg them with sacred symbols. Nothing is to be seen more frequently in
these catacombs than the figure of a man striking a rock with a rod, and water
gushing out from the rock. What is this figure? Certainly not Christ, who is, as
St. Paul says, the rock struck with the rod; "the rock was Christ." Nor is it
Moses, save as a figure, for Moses belongs to the old dispensation. There remains
the antitype Peter, of whom this is in reality the image; for there have been found
in these cemeteries paintings on glass, representing a man with a rod striking a
rock, from which water flows, and over the head of the man they have the name
" Petrus." These Christians of the Roman church thought that Peter in the New
Law held the place of Moses in the Old Dispensation. Nor did the Romans only
so judge, for that old writer of the church of Syria, St. Ephrem, m his sermon on
the Transfiguration of our Lord, making a comparison between Moses, who was
speaking with Christ and St. Peter, does not hesitate to say that Moses was the
economus, or administrator of the Father, while Peter is the procurator, or agent,
of the Son, even of God.
It becomes us, therefore, dearly beloved brethren, to have the spirit of these
early Christians, and to cherish it. Let us not like wanton children refuse to
harken to the voice of our Father and teacher; let us not, with mdocility and rebel-
lious m^nd, look with suspicion on the acts of our Supreme Pastor; let us not, elated
by the pride of self-conceit, put ourselves, as it were, on our guard against our
Father, as against an enemy. Let us, the rather, as children filled with reverence,
respect his voice, if possible anticipating his wishes, wit^i that dispostion which is a
gift of the Holy Spirit, from whom it comes, that we dwell together of one mind,
in our Father's house. Whoever has such a disposition will never be cause of
grief or sadness to our holy mother, the church.
But the faith is, moreover, to be kept inviolate for those who depend on us, for
the children, the hope of the church, whose minds, in their tender years, receive,
like soft wax, every impression. How is the faith to be preserved for them, save
by Catholic education? If you wish your children to be truly Catholics, you must
neglect nothing that may guard them against the pestiferous spirit of unbelief and
the contagion of bad example. The learned Cardinal Paliavicini, in his history of
the council of Trent, wisely observes, that citizens are what their education makes
them. A most true remaik. For experience teaches that, at least, ordinarily
speaking, men receive in their earliest years the impulse that rules and directs
their whole life. Thus, Catholic education brings with it a two-fold advantage:
while it imbues youth with sound Catholic doctrine, it also makes them good cit-
izens— a most desirable thing in this republic of ours, inasmuch as this form of
government allows the greatest liberty — license, in fact, whence there arises danger
to the safety of the country. For if " the throne is made strong by justice," Prov.
xvi' 12, by injustice and by vice government is overthrown. Religion, education
of youth, is therefore the more necessary, the freer is the form of government; lest,
owing to neglect of education of this sort, the whole edifice of the state, under-
mined by vice, crumbles to pieces. But while we speak of the citizenship of this
world we must not forget, dearly beloved brethren, that we have here no perma-
(Tl2r
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
nent citizenship, but look for aiU)llic;r. For we are fellow-citizens of the Saints, and
of the household of God. Our true country is heaven, where an unending life
awaits us. We arc- to Ix- citizens of that country, and of the citizens of that coun-
try it is more truly to be said, they are what th<-ir education made them. Lift up
your eyes on high; see the saints who reign with God, and give such an education
to your children as will render them worthy of their company. We acknowledge,
dearly beloved, that we, reading of our diocese, we have had no greater consola-
tion than what was derived from the fact of so many children of both sexes receiv-
ing a sound Catholic education. We thank God for this, and we delight in prais-
ing the provident care of our illustrious i)redecessors, and the zeal of those engaged
in teaching. Moreover, that you may know how acceptable to us is this exem-
plary assiduity in the attendance in the schools, and of those who direct them, we
have asked the sovereign |)ontiff, Pope Leo Xlll, his apostolic benediction for all
those who have in any way interested themselves m these schools, as well as for
the scholars, and tliis blessing the vicar of Christ has given with marks of special
commendation.
What we have written above, dearly beloved brethren, regards you who are
certainly our cliief care. We are not, however, to neglect those who have not yet
tasted of the gift of God, but whom we embrace in christian charitv, and whom
l)oth you and we earnestly desire to see belonging to the flock of Christ. Were-
anything needed to kindle your zeal for these souls, it would be enough to think of
their condition. We shall say nothing of those who have once doubted, and who-
refuse to heed the voice of conscience; they resist the Holy Spirit. We speak of
those who in good faith have followed non-Catholic tenets, and belong to various
sects. These are the larger portion of the people within the limits of our diocese.
If any one should say that the people of the United States, because of their innum-
erable religious divisions and of the ease with which anyone endowed with talent
and elocjuence can find hearers, are light and by no means zealous of religion, he
would be wide of the mark. It is far otherwise. Since the principle of private
judgment has logically wrought its result, it is only consistent that each one should
al)ound in his own view, should reject authority in matters of faith, and follow his.
opinion. That hearers are so numerous is a proof of the desire in each one tO'
know religious truth and embrace it. We are to have this steadilybefore our eyes.
For when we recall to mind this fact, we shall more easily bear with our non-Cath-
olic brethren, even acting against us, knowing that they are acting according to
conscience, since they think they aredomga service to God. With that good faith
which has been brought about in them by early education, and by circumstances
of life, we shall abstain from all bitterness and curb our tongue lest it speak
harshly. Nay, more: Moved by charity and mercy for them, we shall do all we cart
to have them come into fold. We should be urged to this, especially by the con-
sideration of the state of those even who have been rightly baptized, and are still
outside the church in the fullness of their good faith. They are all, in fact, in real
danger of losing their souls. Though it may sometimes happen that non-Catholics
live so justly as not to have lost the first grace of baptism, it would be rash to say
that this is of conmion occurrence. For if those who are in the church must not
unfrequently accuse themselves of sin, what is to be said of those who have not
the means of salvation instituted by Christ? Non-Catholics have not the Holy
Tribunal of Penance for the remission of sin committed after baptism; they have
~1M)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
not the Sacrament of the body of the Lord, whence Hfe is given us; they have not
the sacramentals, indulgences, and those other beautiful practices that reveal to us
the love of the heart of Jesus, and through which our exile on earth receives help
and consolation. Being without these aids, they can be saved only by extraordi-
nary means. No one, however, has a right to extraordinary means, for God has
not promised them; how rash, therefore, it is to look for them, there is none who
may not understand.
We, who have received the light, must, therefore, come to the assistance of
these our brethren; we must embrace them in the bowels of the charity of Christ;
we must bear with them even when rising up against us; in hue, we must do all
things to them, as St. Paul says, to gain them for Christ. To succeed in this there
is certainly nothing better adapted than they should see in us an example of vir-
tue. The heathen used to say of the early Christians, as you are aware, "behold!
how they love one another!" If those who are outside the church will have seen
always in us christian charity, brotherly love, unity of mind, freedom from all party
spirit, there is no doubt but they will begin to admire our faith, then love it, and
finally be induced to embrace it.
To example must be joined instruction in the faith. Not to everyone does
this office belong. To you it pertains, priests of God, on whom God has bestowed
His .Spirit, giving increase to the seed planted by you. Not only are you to instruct
those that belong to us; but on fitting occasions we must zealously care for those
without the church, explaining clearly those points of revelations that may
•enlighten them, and show them the way of salvation. In the discharge of this duty,
you well understand how important it is to abstain from all censure, and from
every word that may in any manner irritate. Let everything be done under the
guidance of charity, and the blessing of God will descend upon your work and
make it profitable unto eternal life for yourself and for others.
In reading over the list of churches, of religious houses, of the regular clergy
and of the virgins consecrated to God, as well as of other institutions of christian
■charity in our diocese, we are struck with the fact that so many important works
•could have been completed in so short a time. We are not ignorant, dearly
beloved brethren, of the great sacrifices you were obliged to undergo before effect-
mg so much. These churches and institutions reflect honor on you in the sight of
God and in the sight of men. Posterity will call this century the golden age of
our church in America. But not for all this are we to rest; much yet remains to
be done. As long as one remains who is not of the fold, we labor. In a special
manner must we sedulously and earnestly direct our energies that the little ones
of the flock do not perish through neglect on our part. All this imposes on us a
very heavy burden; but we must bear it manfully. Do not give with regret of your
■earthly substance, dearly beloved brethren, for purposes so acceptable to
Almighty God. For those gifts of this world, he who is the giver of all good gifts
will repay a hundred fold with spiritual treasurers, and will lay up for you riches
to ornament that life which lasts not seventy or eighty years, but is eternal.
While, brethren, you are engaged in the works of such moment, we know
that you by no means forget our Father, and the supreme head of the church, Leo,
by Divine Providence the XIII of the name, but that in all your prayers you
beseech Almighty God for him. We exhort you to perform this sacred duty yet
more earnestly. For in these times, full of sorrow for the Roman church, the
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
Holy Spirit has placed him in the chair of Peter, where by word and by example^
followini,^ in the footsteps of his inniieciiate predecessor, of holy memory, he is
guardmg with the greatest fortitude the rights of the church. Therefore, pray to
God His holy spirit may ever be present in His Vicar with his holy gifts, so that he
may worthily lead the flock of Christ in the way of salvation, and keep it from
every appearance of evil.
That a merciful God may aid us in our work in the cause of religion, let us
observe faithfully the laws of the church, which are the means of knowing God's
will and of doing it. Let us follow the spirit of the church, the guide of our life,
for she has the spirit of God. Let us adopt the customs approved by her prayers,
devout practices of every kind. Let us cherish especially devotion towards the
Sacred Heart of Jesus, and towards the Ever Blessed and Immaculate Virgin
Mary, and instil them into the minds and hearts of the young. By the aid of such
evotion we shall lead lives peaceful, holy, pleasing to God, useful here and in.
eternity, for, says the Apostle, " piety is useful for all things."
Let us also pray the Holy Spouse of B. V. Mary, St. Joseph, the patron of
the church, and the Holy Apostles, Sts. Peter and Paul, whom we have chosen to
aid us by their powerful protection, in the discharge of our episcopal office, that
everything may be prosperously done to the greater honor and glory of God, and to
the welfare of souls, " and the peace of God, which surpasseth all understanding,
keep your hearts and minds m Christ Jesus." Amen.
Given at Rome, outside the Ostian Gate, this 12th day of May, 1878, Feast of
the Patronage of St. Joseph, and the day of our consecration.
(115)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
CHAPTER VIII.
EXTRACTS FROM BISHOP CHATARD's LECTURES ON VERY IMPORTANT
SUBJECTS WHICH ^VILL BE FOUND BOTH INSTRUCTIVE AND EDIFY-
ING FOR BOTH CATHOLICS AND NON-CATHOLICS.
ON a very important subject, in 1877, Bishop Chatard, on invi-
tation, delivered a lecture before the Leonine Union, the cen-
tral Catholic society of the capital of Indiana. His treatment of the
question showed his versatility and his wide range of knowledge
and reading even outside his special studies as an ecclesiastic. We
quote in part from his introductory remarks, and continuing as suits
our purpose as follows:
TENURE OF LAND AND EMINENT DOMAIN.
"It is an easy stumbling-block in the path of those who are
wayward, that primarily, God made the earth and gave it to the
children of men in common; and that the natural law contains no
dictate which says that land shall be in one way more than in
another. The theme, consequently, suggests itself to a philan-
thropist of fanciful mood and of unpractical ways, how shall land
best be held, in common or otherwise.' and he decides that it is
far better that it be held as it was originally given, in common.
From that to the condemnation of those who defend individual
ownership of land the passage is easy. Then the historical student
goes to work to investigate how from the land being common prop-
erty, it came to be possessed as private property. He goes back
till he comes to the dawn of civilization, or to the days of bar-
barism, and he hunts for the germs of the idea of individual pos-
session, and on his researches others may base heir theories on the
subject. Thus, in his Constitutional History of England, Professor
oTeT
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
Stubbs, of Oxford, goes to Germany and investigates the manners
and customs of the Saxons and other tribes who contributed their
quota to the invasion and conquest of England. It is interesting
to hear what he says, for it is from England, the mother country,
that our own common law, which regulates this question of land
tenure, has come; though, as I shall have occasion to develop, the
idea of holding from the crown or the state, which, it appears,
underlies the system, is rather 2, fictio Juris, a fiction of law, and,
at all events, merely an accidental mode of tenure, and by no
means from the essence of -things.
"I would premise, lest there be misunderstanding, that Pro-
fessor Stubbs, to my knowledge, nowhere argues in favor of hold-
ing land in common. But he quotes ancient writers to sh/jw what
was the original custom among the Saxons. On page 19 of vol-
ume I, after speaking of the writings of Julius Ca'sar, he quotes
the historian, Tacitus, saying that 'possessions of land are held by
all, by turn, that is in common, which they presently divide up
accordingly to the rank of dignity of the cultivators.'*
' ' Commenting on this passage, Prof. Stubbs goes on to say it is
evident there were classes among the.early Germans — the noble, the
well-born, the freedmen and the slaves. 'But,' he adds, 'the
inequalities in the use or possession of land involve no inequalities
in social or political rights.' These tribes, therefore, seem to have
held their possessions originally in common, and to have divided
them up annually, or periodically, according to the importance or
need of those who cultivated them, on the principle that those who
had greater need on account of their flocks, or greater merit in
defending the country, should be more bountifully provided for;
which, I think, all will look upon as the beginning of that unavoid-
able inequality in the distribution of wealth which always and
everywhere manifests itself among men. Further, on page 23, the
professor tells us that the slaves paid rent, which shov\'s that even
this tenure in common had its modifications. Speaking of the
gradual change from possession in common to that of the individ-
*"Agri pro niimero cultorum ab universis in vices fal. in vicis) occupantur
quos mox inter se secundum dignationem partiuntur." Dr. W'aitz contends for
in vicis.
"ITTt")
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
ual, Prof. Stubbs goes on: 'Without conjecturing iiow the change
took place, we may safely assume that, although traces still remain
of a common land tenure at the opening of Anglo-Saxon history,
absolute ownership of land in severalty was established and becom-
ing a rule. \\'e may, then, regard the land as referable to two
great divisions: that which was held by individuals in full owner-
ship, and that of which the ownership was in the state.' The
former, because recorded, was called 'book-land'; the latter was
known as 'folcland', or public land.
"We come now to the period in which the feudal system pre-
vails and still further modifies the tenure of lands. This system came
from the peoples that invaded the Roman empire, and was founded
on conquest. The conquerer allotted the land to whom he pleased,
and the holder held his possession or feud from his sovereign, the
donor. Blackstone, on the Rights of Things, book II, chap, i,
pp. 45-46 (Sharswood's edition, 1875), says on this subject, allot-
ments of this nature, ' all sprang from the same right to conquest.'
Prof. Stubbs, referring to the Germans (vol. I, p. 35), remarks:
'The military princeps has but to conquer and colonize a new
territor}^ and reward his followers, on a plan that will keep them
faithful, as well as free, and feudalism springs into existence.'
"From what has been said it is evident, first, that the pos-
session of land in common, where it existed, was found to be
impracticable on a large scale and in need of modification, and it
finally gave way to individual ownership; and, secondly, that the
feudal, in which all hold from the sovereign, is an artificial condition
of tenure. Possession in common, therefore, being impracticable,
and the possession by the sovereign of all land being a forced and
not natural condition, it would follow, it seems, that neither pos-
session in common nor the feudal system is according to nature,
that is, according to what reason demands, although not contrary
to reason.
" What will our reason teach on this subject.' What will the
study of the essence of things make us understand.''
" Let us consult the masters to whom the world looks for
guidance, and hear what they have to say. " - " -
Here the bishop quotes at length from Sir William Blackstone^
(TisT
{
^€,
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
St. Thomas, Taletus and Cardinal Cajetan, establishing beyond
dispute the correctness of the principle of individual ownership of
property, and then continues:
"While nearly all who call themselves Catholics will be found
holding strongly to this doctrine of individual ownership of land,
there are some who unwittingly play into the hands of the ene-
mies of the truth, owing to the confused idea they have concern-
ing the rights of the state over the property of individuals. They
confound what is known as the right of eminent domain with a
right of possession to the land itself, attributing, at least in the
abstract, such dominion to the state. This is a fatal error; for
there cannot be two possessors. The concession that the state is
a possessor even in the abstract gives up the whole case to the
communist and socialist; for the principle carried out legitimately
would make the individual only a tenant at will. It is for this
reason very important that we should have a precise idea of what
eminent domain is.
"It is not, in the first place, a dominion properly so called,
which implies ownership. The term ' dominiiun altuni' was used
by Suarez and others to signify a certain power, but not to exclude
the ownership of the individual. The theory, which originated in
feudalism, that all land in England vvas held of the crown, origi-
nated in the right of conquest. But this conquest is an accidental
thing, >^nd any right which flows from it must have the same acci-
dental nature, for it can not rise higher than its source. This
theory, therefore, does not pertain to the essential ideas of natural
right, to which alone we are to go for principles by which our judg-
ment is to be formed. The same thing is to be said about various
ways of tenure of land in different countries. It is said, with
how much truth I confess I am not able to say, that the land in
Ireland was not held in private ownership in early times, about
the fifth century, but in common by the people. It would seem
to have been a system such as Professor Stubbs speaks of as obtain-
ing in Germany among the Saxons. It may have been patriarchal,
a system possible where the people are not numerous, and are
very closely allied with each other by blood or interests. But just
as in the case of the Saxons it was found impracticable to hold land
"(119)-
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
in common, just so patriarchal systems are doomed to disappear
and be succeeded by a tenure more in accord with the exigencies
of society and with the dictates of human reason; for, as we have
seen, supposing no prior owner, and placing men face to face with
the question what they are to with the land upon which they
are to dwell, the solution will be that individuals are to own the
land, and the community is to protect the rights of each one.
"One or two preliminary remarks will help us to understand
better what eminent domain is, regarding which we shall consult
authorities, as I have just done. Government exists for the ben-
efit of the people subject to it, and authority is a trust to be used
for the good of those under it. All authority comes from God,
and it is to be obeyed for conscience sake; who resists the author-
ity of the state resists the ordinance of God. But the state must
proceed by law, which is an ordination of reason emanating from
the person or persons having the care of the community, and made
for the common good. Reason is the life of law. The state,
therefore, has'to act for the public good according to reason. Its
rights, therefore, are not unlimited; reason limits them in the first
place, and the public good in the second place; though the rea-
sonableness and the utility of a law^ are, in themselves, insepar-
able. The state, therefore, can not arbitrarily and unnecessarily
interfere with the rights of individuals. But there come circum-
stances in which reason itself dictates that the state must interfere
and put in abeyance the rights of individuals, for protection or
general welfare; occasionally, in cases of necessity, even destroy
property, as in times of war. In the present instance I am not
called upon to examine the various phases of this supreme' power
inherent naturally in every state. I here call attention to it in
regard to the property, the landed possessions of a countrx-, and
ask the question, what is meant by eminent domain, the name by
which this power is known.' " " "" "" * ""
Regarding the nature of eminent domain, as quite distinct
from private or individual ownership, he quotes Henry E. Mills,
Judge Cooley, Chancellor Kent, and such theologians as Suarez
and J. Costa-Rosetti, S. J., and then continues and concludes:
" Eminent domain differs from ownership:
<T20r
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
"First, in itself. Ownership gives dominion, eminent domain
does not; for it is only a right of control, through a sovereign
right, inherent in supreme power. And this right of eminent
domain does not differ in any essential point from the general
control which the state exercises over all the rights of its citizens.
Salus populi suprema lex, the safety of the republic is the
supreme law, is the axiom which is a key to understanding the
true nature of this higher right or eminent domain. How that
right is to be exercised is determined by the special nature of the
right or rights the control of which has become necessary.
"Second, in its conception. The idea of private ownership is
first in mind; then arises the idea of the control of it. Ownership
in common, we may grant, was the original mode of ownership.
But it was only one mode of ownership, just as private ownership
is another mode. When, b}' the act of the community, ownership
in common ceased, the community no longer retained any owner-
ship in what the private individual had begun to own. There
remained only the sovereign right of control inherent in the supreme
power. This idea of sovereign control, in the logical order, arises
in the mind following on the idea of private ownership; as we must
first conceive the idea of zo/iat is to be controlled before we can
have the idea of controlling it.
' ' Third, in its scope. Ownersnip is for the benefit and support
of the family. Eminent domain exists, not for the support of the
state, but for its protection, and consequent protection of the rights
of all. The state may purchase and hold property for its benefit
and support, as, for example, a tract of wooded land. But, then,
this is the same ownership as that enjoyed by the individual, and
is regulated by the same laws.
' ' Fourth, in its powers and in the exercise of them. Ownership
allows the owner to dispose of his property when and how he
pleases. Eminent domain seizes property only in certain cases
determined by the public need. The need also directs how that
property shall be disposed of. Compensation, too, must be made.
Even when eminent domain is spoken of as ' a right of transcend-
ent propriety, ' as we have seen Puffendorf style it, the writer
requires compensation, which implies ownership by the individual.
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
The law requires compensation to be offered before seizure, which
shows respect for the owner's right.
"Eminent domain, therefore, is essentially distinct from the
right of ownership, which it excludes from its very conception,
compensating, as it does, the owner for his property, which can
be seized on for public uses for public good. It is easy to under-
stand, then, how wide of the mark they are who confound it with
dominion proper. It would be bad enough to err in stating the
contrary, were such an error only speculative or theoretical. But
in the present tendency of many to apply this erroneous judgment
in a practical manner, so as to take away property from the
owner and tax it to its full value as rent to the state, it becomes a
most dangerous error, and should be guarded against most care-
fully, for it is the basis of the socialistic and communistic systems,
which, as a learned writer, already quoted, says, ' agree in this,
that they war against property.' (N. Signoriello, Eth. Specialis,
p. 58.) Socialism has been too often condemned by the supreme
authority of the church to need that we enter any further into the
treatment of it. It will suffice to refer here to the encyclical let-
ters of Pius IX, 'Qui Pluribus,' of November 9, 1846, ' Nescitis
et Nobiscum,' of December 18, 1849, and ' Ouibus Luctuosis-
simis,' of September 5, 185 i. Finally, the encyclical letter of the
present sovereign pontiff, Leo XIII, 'Quod Apostolici Muneris,'
of December 8, 1878, speaks thus in condemnation of this and
like systems: 'Allured by cupidity of the goods of this life, luhich
is the root of all evil, in seeking which some have erred from
faith (I Tim. vi, 10), they attack t/ie right of owning property,
zvhich right the natural law sanctions, and by an enormous crime,
while they seem to consult the needs and desires of all men. strive
to seize and hold in common whatever has been acquired by title
of legitimate inheritance, by mental or manual labor, or by frugal-
ity of life.' So speaks the leader of God's hosts; the trumpet
gives no uncertain sound; we know our banner, and upon it we
read, ' Be just to all; respect every man's rights.' "
(12'2)
IN THIi STATE OF INDIANA.
"THE EXISTENXE OI- THE SOUL 01- MAX."
This was the subject of one of the series of lectures, already
referred to as having been delivered in St. John's pro-cathredal at
Indianapolis, by Bishop Chatard. As showing his method of pre-
senting the subject, his arguments in part, and also his excellent
style, the following selection is given:
The cardinal principle of the materialist is that there is nothing but matter.
Under the head of materialists are to be classed the positivists, evolutionists who
evolve everything out of matter, and those who profess a belief in the indefinite
progress, in a material sense of nature. For all these theories are based on the
development of matter. To these are to be added a horde of scientific men, who,
without any special preconceived ideas, from their observation of the laws of mat-
ter in the more perfect animal organisms, of involuntary muscular action, or reflex
action in man and in the animals, of the movement of matter— of a limb, even
after severance from the parent trunk— have leaped to the conclusion that thought
is but a secretion of the brain, and that there is no such thing as a soul. It is use-
less to deny the gravity of this error, its great danger, its most destructive conse-
quences. For this reason I have taken it as the subject of my second lecture, pro-
posing to show the impossibility of matter thinking, and the absolute necessity,
and therefore the existence of a spiritual essence in man, thinking and rulmg his
acts, which is his soul, the principle of his actions, and the responsible agent of
them.
By matter is understood by all that which is composed of elements, of parts,
and can be divided; which has extension and occupies space. It is, moreover,
inert; that is, it does not move itself; and when it does move, it moves in conse-
quence of a motor or fnoving power, and then it moves necessarily in the direction
of the force or power that acts upon it. I invite your attention particularlv to
these qualities of matter, its extension, form, and shape, its inability to move itself,
and its necessary movement in the direction of the force that acts u]x)n it; for I
shall make special use of these facts in a moment.
If we turn our eyes upon ourselves, as it were inwardly, and consider
what we are conscious of as gomg on within us, we have at once an idea of
our identity; that is, we are conscious we are the same person we were
always. Changes have gone on around us; this body of ours even has
changed; but there is a something in us that has not changed; it is that
which did years ago what we are sorry for now, or what we are glad we did. Again,
that something which is in us rules our actions. It resolves, it acts with deliberation
and promptness, it makes every part of the body act, all parts together for one pur-
pose—for example, for self-preservation— with incredible rapidity. It is like the
engineer who is driving his engine, or a man who is managing a pair of spirited
horses; his action makes all go together and work without interfering the one with
the other. We are conscious there is a something in us which acts in this way,
and feel there is no discussion or agreement between several principles of being in
us to produce so harmonious a result. The very quickness with which we get out
oi danger precludes discussion, deliberation, agreement. To deliberate would
~lm)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
mean destruction. There is, therefore, no multitude of counselors, but one direct-
ing power. Now, this can be only on the supposition that this something is simple,
not composed of parts; the very complex nature of man's body exacts this. To
consist of parts would imply the necessity of these different parts consulting, advis-
ing, agreeing, or refusing to agree, if they were capable of doing this. Therefore,
is it that this principle in us which is one, identically one; which is one in its direc-
tion of the forces of body; one in all its operations, whether of mind or of body— of
thought,' that is, or of physical action— must be one by nature, not compound, not
consisting of parts added to parts, and therefore simple in its essence or being-
simple, and not compound, not a composite. For the acts of any being are in
accordance with its nature; while its nature can be judged of from its acts. Besides
we are conscious that we move ourselves. We say now and then that we are
moved to do something; but we mean that considerations of various kinds have
influenced our thoughts so as to make us resolve to do it. All the time we are con-
scious that we move ourselves; that we needn't unless we wish; that we can do just
the opposite if we desire. Reason tells us this is a quality that matter has not; and
this being the case, what has that quality isn't matter, isn't this inert mass that
can't move unless something moves it. Just contrast the work of this principle of
action in us with that remarkable phenomenon called " reflex action." In our-
selves we mav see both. A blow to a nerve will cause immediate and spasmodic
action of a limb which apparently has no connection with the nerve. But this is
the result of mechanical action, irritating a nerve and thus stimulating the nervous
system, and is determined to one thing or act, and we are conscious that this act
goes on independently of us; that is, I am conscious this movement in me takes
place without any control or direction of the thinking principle in me; whereas
when I am self-possessed and direct my actions, such actions are mine, not those of
mv nerves, or of my body. Is not this the way all men talk, and is it not the judg-
ment of our tribunal— reason? Therefore we are always, in a natural, easy way,
distino-uishing between the action of matter and the action of one, simple, self-
rulin"- self-directing principle in us; and this could not be, unless we were inti-
matelv persuaded that we had something in us not of matter, but of an order above
matter and better than it, differing from it essentially in its nature.
Q^Q the greatest — faculty of this principle in us, which we call the soul,
is thought. This is its life, in fact. This belongs as essentially to the soul as
breath does to the body. Now, with reference to thought, we are conscious that
there is a unity in thought which does not admit a division. We recognize suc-
cessive steps or stages in thought; but each thought is one in itself. It may be
more or less distinct, yet it is always one. Men speak of half a mind; but this is a
metaphorical expression signifying that they are not fully resolved. To speak of
thought as having form, shape, color, would cause people to look at you with
undisguised astonishment, possibly with disagreeable surmises. To us all thought
is as Fully present, as indivisible, as is the simplicity of the soul itself; and it can-
not be otherwise; for, as I have said, thought is the life of the soul, and if the one
excludes division the other must, too. Tht)ught, therefore, cannot be conceived
of as having extension, form, shape, color. What results from this? That the
soul is simple, not composed of matter; for if it were, the thoughts would be accord-
ing to its nature and consist of parts, and consecpiently there would be nothing
strange in speaking of a half, or of a quarter of a thought.
(124)-"
IN THE STATP: of INDIANA.
A,i,Min, thoui^ht cannot result from niotiDn of particles of niatte.*r. The
reason of it is this: matter is inert and moves only m consecjuence' of force apphed
to it; moreover, as I have already said, it moves necessarily in the direction of the
force acting on it. Here, then, is an additional reason which convinc("S us of the
simplicity of the soul, for we are conscious of the freedom of our thoughts. We
can interrupt them at will; we can, by the interior force of our volition, pursue an
entirely different train of thought. We can check our mind so as to not let it reach
a conclusion; or, having reached a conclusion, not permit our will to carry out the
result. This freedom of thought is absolutely in contradiction to that necessary or
compulsory movement such as belongs to matter. Besides, the necessity also of
moving in the direction of the force impelling takes away all res{)onsibility; for free-
will is destoyed. Man is no longer a free agent; he becomes material wholly, and
acts are organic changes in matter for which he is not answerable. These acts are
not his; for the movement which produces such changes is from outside and the
changes are absolutely determined in extent and direction by the outside force.
Here the materialist finds himself at once in conflict with the firm persuasion and
belief of human reason from the beginning; for men have always recognized the
responsibiUty of man with regard to his actions, and have made laws on that
account. The very existence of all law presupposes, as a necessary condition, the
freedom of man's will, his power to rule himself, the full possession of his facul-
ties of action — his personality, in fine. Reason, therefore, is with us in asserting
unmistakably the existence of the soul of man as a simple substance, with a life
of thought and reason and of freedom of action which constitute it a spiritual
being — a spirit. * * *
"EARLY CHRISTIANITY."
The most matter-of-fact of Bishop Chatard's lectures is the
one entitled as above. It deals with facts touching the practices
and beliefs of the early Christians, and cannot fail of good effect
upon those who read it with the desire "to know," even if "to
believe " be but secondary with them. We quote the introduction
and a portion of the argumentative part, leaving the reader to find
the lecture complete in "Christian Truths," published by the
Catholic Publication society, New York, 1881:
Although the nineteenth century is an epoch of novelty and of invention, there
never has been a period in which interest in the history of remote ages was keener,
or the results of archaeological investigations more satisfactory. The whole world
is divided into two classes of seemingly opposite ideas. One is peering into the
future, believing in the progress of humanity, casting on the past doubt which will
not stand the test of principles often arbitrarily assumed. The other is matter of-
fact, does not discard the amelioration of the human race, but rejecting unsustained
theories' and unfounded skepticism, looks to the past for lessons of truth and of
wisdom, believing that there have been wise men and truthful narrators of what
once was. The spirit of the former class, though not without its beneficial feat-
ures, has been the cause of immense evil in casting aside cherished memories and
(]2by
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
traditions, and with them the principles which gave them life. Dazzling often with
the electric brilliancy of their success, they have oftener led men into darkness
impenetrable, and entangled them hopelessly in the meshes of illogic or unsound
thought. The latter class, in quiet, plodding, persevering efforts, attract little
attention, till suddenly a result is obtained, solid in its nature, durable in its effects,
and triumphant in its vindication of historic truth.
To this latter class belong generally those who are engaged in the serious
study of antiquity, not led by theory, but eminently inductive in their method,
gathering facts, collating them, and patiently awaiting the fruit they hope for. Not
a square inch of stone bearing the marks of the hand of man escapes them; a cun-
eiform character, a hieroglyph, a Greek letter, or a Latin date, invests the cold
marble with an mterest which gives it life and makes it speak in faltering accents
first, then in language not to be mistaken, when, in union with its other parts, it
tells of the past in a way that cannot be gainsaid. It is by such patient, painstak-
ing care that the discoveries of Layard, of George Smith, at Nineveh, and of Schlie-
mann at Troy and ISIycense, have been brought about. The schools of Niebuhr
and of Arnold may be aptly taken as representing those who write history from
theoretical standpoints, and who, influenced by skepticism, have rejected as fable
what they could not compass. The spirit, however, which has actuated Layard,
George Smith and Schliemann is fitly shown us in the following words of Mr.
William Dyer, author of the well-known article on Roman antiquity in Smith's
Classical Dictionary, and subsequently of the interesting and valuable works on the
histories of the City of Rome and of the Kings. At page 62 of his introduction to
the History of the City of Rome, he says: "There is little motive to falsify the
origin and dates of public buildings; and, indeed, their falsification would be much
more diffcult than that of events transmitted by oral tradition, or even recorded in
writing. In fact, we consider the remains of some of the monuments of the regal
and republican periods to be the best proofs of the fundamental truths of early
Roman history." This is an eminently sensible remark; and I shall take its mean-
ing as our guide in the treatment of the subject of this lecture. Early Christianity.
The sources, therefore, to which we shall look for information will be the monu-
ments of Christian anticiuity existing at the present time. These are found scat-
tered over a very wide range of territory — a range co-extensive with the old Roman
empire. They are of varied character — architectural, commemorative, sepulchral,
artistic, in painting and in sculpture. Necessarily, in a brief lecture, it would be
impossible to go over such a field, and it is imperative that I should confine myself
to a part only of it, and even then in a summary way.
Of all parts of the Roman empire none could certainly reward investigation
better than the Eternal city itself, its capital, which became the center of Chris-
tianity, and the dwelling place of St. Peter and of his successors, the heads of the
church in their res])ective epochs. Thither came Christians from all parts of the
known world, and their piety made them devote their means to advance the
material prosperity of the church in the erection of churches and sanctuaries, and
sepulchral ornaments. No portion of the Roman empire, for these reasons, is
richer in monuments of Christian antiquity than Rome with its territory; and to its
study I invite your attention. Even here, however, as the objects deserving atten-
tion are so numerous, to study profitably, it will be necessary to restrict ourselves
to the exploration of the principal mines whence the treasures of Christian
IN THE STATK OF INDIANA.
archceology are taken, the catacombs, in which the Christians of the first ages were
hiid to rest.
The practice of depositing the bodies of the dead in the ground the Chris-
tians took from the Jews. It was not wholly a Jewish custom, as may be seen by
mspecting pagan tombs discovered not long since on the Latin road. But the
favorite manner, used by the Romans, was that of cremation, a custom born of the
sentiment of repugnance human pride has to what is so revolting in death. The
Jew, who believed in the immortality of the soul, reverenced the tabernacle in
which it had to dwell, and in vvhicli he believed it was again one day to live.
" In my flesh shall I see my Redeemer," was for him a sacred thought of deep
meaning, and a tenet of unshaken faith. He followed the example of Abraham
and of the patriarchs, and laid his dead to rest in tombs cut in the rock or exca-
vated in the soil, leaving, in humble submission to God, the remains to resolve
themselves into their former elements, as ordained by the Maker of man. To
these reasons of the Jews the Christians added a still more weighty one, in fact of
the Savior of man having thus been laid to rest. Every Christian wished to have
his body buried as that of his Master, with whom he expected one day to rise again.
Before the Christian religion was preached in Rome the Jews were there,
and possessed places of burial which remain at this day. Rome, being the center
of the world at that day, was the starting point whence radiated roads to every
point of the compass. These were the Ostain way, the Latin way, the Flaminian
way, the Nomentan way, and the great Appian way, the main artery of communi-
cation with the vast east, running across the Campagna in a straight line to Brun-
tlisium, and so much frequented as to receive the appellation, Regina V'iarum —
" Queen of Ways." By this road St. Paul came to Rome, striking the Via Appia
on his way northward from Puteoli, or Pozzuoli. Owing to the fact of its being
the principal way out of Rome, it was selected by preference as the one along
which the great families of the city erected the sepulchral monuments destined to
hold the ashes of their members. Nothing could be more gratifying to family
pride than that all who left or entered the great metropolis of the world, should see
the statues of those whose deeds had made the family famous, and recognize, in
the taste and profusion of rich ornament, the culture and wealth of those to whom
the monuments belonged. For miles outside the city, the Appian was lined with
these tombs. This display disposition and circumstances made the Christians
leave to the pagans. They were obliged, more by public opinion than by
law, to bury as privately as was possible. The law of Rome was very con-
siderate with regard to burial, and, in fact, would serve as a model for more
than one of the present ruling states of the world. Even during persecution
burial was protected by law. The jurisconsult, Marcean (Digest., i. 8, 56) says:
" Any one makes a place sacred when he places in his property a dead body."
Paulus, another authority, states (Sentent., 1. 21, 4): "Whosoever lays bare a
body permanently liuried, or put for a time in any place, or exposes it to the
light of the sun, commits a crime against religion." (De Roasi, Bull. Archasol.
Sacr., an. 1865, p. 89). He also says that " the bodies of criminals are to be given
up to any persons seeking them for burial; " though sometimes, through odium of
crime, especially of treason, it was not done. The Justinian code (iii. 44, 11) con-
tains a decree of Diocletian and of Maxentius, of the year 290, in which they say:
•" We do not forbid the burial of those condemned for crime and subjected to a
8 (127)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
well-deserved punishment." This was the law. But public feelings often set
aside law; and the Christians, with commendable prudence, took this into account,
They, therefore, as a rule, sought to bury where they would be less likely to be
observed. The situations they sought were the hills around Rome, generally at
the sides of the great Roman ways, not far from the city. A radius of about seven
miles will include the most distant of the catacombs, by which name are known
the Christian cemeteries. The reason why the Christians sought the hills was
because, as they buried deep underground and not on the surface, they feared the
waters of the rivers getting into the tombs in low ground. Moreover, they found
strata of soft rock, known as tufa, which cuts easily with a pick, and which, as
long as it is underground, and not subject to the action of the weather, remains
for centuries unchanged; this being in great part due to the equable temperature
of the catacombs, and especially to the absence of frost. Having selected a fitting
place for their cemetery, which was generally on the farm of some Christian, they
began by sinking a shaft, or by striking out from some sand-pit into which pro-
jected this soft tufa. A corridor was excavated, seven or eight feet high by three
feet wide, the earth being carried up and scattered over the farm, or thrown into
the old sand-pit. When the corridor was completed, they made burial-places in
the sides of it, according to the size of the corpse, and about a foot and a half in
depth and height, which was hermetically sealed with tiles or marble slabs,
inscribed with the name of the occupant, with figures, facts or dates. When these
burial-places, known as loculi, or loculus, in the singular, had taken up all avail-
able space, a further excavation was made; and, leaving a passage-way, it was the
rule to throw the earth excavated into old corridors, sometimes completely filling
them, to within a short distance of the top. This is why the catacombs are now
said to be excavated; this filling is taken out. It was providential that the Chris-
tians filled up these corridors, for by this means the most valuable remains of
Christian antiquity have been kept to our day. After the burial in the catacombs
ceased, they were from time to time devastated, first by the Goths in the fifth cen-
tury, and in the eighth century by the Lombards under Astolphus, in the year 755.
The latter devastation was the worst of all. Tombs were violated, inscriptions
and monuments broken to pieces and strewn around, mingled with earth and
sand; and this mass contributed also to fill up the corridors. From this fact we
can appreciate the prudence which causes the earth now taken from the cata-
combs to be carefully sifted, and every portion of marble discovered in it to be
jealously preserved for future use in making up the monument it belongs to when
the other parts will come to light.
From the corridors at intervals open out small rooms or chapels, known as
cubicula. A cubiculum is usually not more than ten feet square; not always that.
It generally has an arched tomb, known as an arcosolium, in which the head of the
family to which the chapel belonged was laid to rest, or scmie distinguished person
or martyr deposited. The remainder of the chapel is lined with loculi for the
members of the family. The walls between them were plastered and frescoed.
For my purpose it is not necessary even to enumerate the various Catacombs,
and useless to attempt to speak of more than one. For this reason I take the most
celebrated, as well as the one richest in what we wish to study — the catacombs of
St. Calixtus.
Riding out on the Appian Way, passing the Baths of Caracalla, the tombs of
("128) ~
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
the Scipios, the Columbaria, of Ciesar and of Pompey, you see before you the straight
Jine of the Appian stretchinj^ on to the Aihan Hills, crowned by the ruins of the
temple of Jupiter Latialis, upon which stands a convent of the Passionist Fathers-
On the riglu and on the left at intervals stand shai)eless masses of masonry. What
are they, or wi-re they? They are the nitclei of sepulchral structures, which, cov-
ered over with beautiful marble, and ornamented l)y statuary and alto-relievo work,
were the pride of the old Roman families, and enclosed the ashes of their ancestors.
About three miles out to the right stands conspicuously one of these masses, having
beside it two trees which enable you to recognize, from a great distance, the site of
the Catacombs of St. Calixtus. In the first century this area, or burial place,
belonged to the gens Cieciliana, a pagan family. Later, some of the family becom-
ing Christian, it was in the possession of the lady, from whom that portion of this
Christian cemetery is known as the crypt of Lucina. Here Christian burial went
on during the latter part of the first, and during the second century, until every
portion was so full of tombs that it was necessary to enlarge the cemetery. Pope
Zephyrinus ruled the Church of Rome from the year A. U. 202, and Calixtus was
the archdeacon. To him the Pope entrusted the charge of carrying out the work
which made this the principal cemetery of Christian Rome. * * *
The cessation of burial in the catacombs certainly gives us sure data with regard
to what is found in them. But there are other indications which serve to fix still
more clearly the epoch to which the monuments we wish to use belong. In the
crypt of the Catacombs of St. Calixtus, the wall of which has the representation of
the Good Shepherd surrounded by His sheep, some of which are drinking of water
flowing from the rock, on careful examination I found that the plaster, which
served to close a loculus, lapped over the painting. Now this loculus had been
made by cutting through the painting, because all the other portions of the wall of
the crypt had become filled with bodies. Consequently this was an old fresco
when it was cut through. People don't cut through new paintings. But, as I said,
burial in the catacombs ceased, or began to cease, in the early part of the fourth
century. This fresco was old then. Other indications show it to belong to the
groups of the early part of the third century, while art was still flourishing. In
fact, the judgments which artists, irrespectively of -religious persuasion, have pro-
nounced with reference to these frescoes of St. Calixtus, allots them to the early
part of the third century. Just as those who are engaged in biblical research learn
to distinguish, with great accuracy, the epoch of codices or Bible MSS. by the
material on which they are written, the style of lettering, and other less indications;
so, too, artists determine with great sureness, and very close approximation, the
period to which paintings belong. Who cannot tell a pre-Raphael from a Giulio
Romano? Who is not able to distinguish a Byzantine head from a Roman face of
the time of the Ca?sars? Just so it is with regard to the paintmgs of the cata-
combs. Some might wonder how they could last so long under ground, and
be inclined to doubt of their genuineness. Let them go to the Golden House of
Nero on the Esquiline, admire the delicate and graceful figures of the Cripto Por-
tico; and, when they have given expression and full play to their feelings of admi-
ration of the art of the first century, let them visit the catacombs and doubt, if they
can, of the possibility of frescoes lasting eighteen hundred years. * * *
Let us go down the stairway that leads into the catacombs of St. Calixtus. A
descent of thirty feet brings us to a corridor, and a turn to the right leads us to the
~(T29J
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
entrance of a crypt which gives the name by which these catacombs were known to'
antiquity, ad sanctum Xi/stum. This subterranean chapel is about fifteen feet long
by eight feet wide, with a skylight. Here were buried St. Xystus and twelve other
pontiffs. The bodies were taken out and brought to Rome in consequence of the
ravages of barbarians, already referred to. The slabs which enclosed the remains
were broken and thrown on the ground; among them, those of Popes Eutychian,
Fabian, Lucius and Anterus, which have been recovered from the debris and
replaced in locvli. Here was the inscription of Pope Damasus I spoke of, in which,
after commemorating the sufferings and triumphs of those laid to rest in the cata-
combs, he declared himself " afraid to disturb the ashes of the just." The portions
of this inscription recovered are let into a piece of peperino, or stone of the Alban
Mount. To the name, ad sanctum Xystum, was coupled the further appellation, ad
sanctum Oceciliam; for tradition told of the burial place of St. Cascilia at this place.
When Pope Paschal I, who became pope the year 817, set about bringing the bodies
of the martyrs and pontiffs to Rome, he sought for her body, but could not find it.
He tells us in the Liber Pontificalis what happened to him. He says he was one
morning at St. Peter's with his clergy, when St. Ccecilia appeared to him and
reproached him for giving up the search for her body, saying he had been so near
to her in the chapel in which he had been, this crypt of the pontiffs, that he could
have spoken to her, face to face. On coming to himself he told his clergy what had
happened. They proceeded to St. Xystus and St. Ca?cilia, and found the body on
the other side of the wall of ^w/>f, which separates the crypt from that of St. Ca?cila.
She was m a sarcophagus, richly clad in a robe of golden tissue, with ornaments of
gold upon her person; the delicate body lay on its side, her head, nearly severed
by the lictor's axe from the neck, enveloped in a light veil and turned to one side,
the face downward, while her arms lay naturally with the hands in front, one hand
with one finger extended, the other with three — she thus professing her faith in one
God in three persons. The remains were reverently taken up and carried to her
house in Rome, across the Tiber, which had been the scene of her martyrdom, which
she had left to be used as a church, and deposited under the high altar. There
they remained until Cardinal Sfondrati, in the year 1599, by permission of the
Pope, in repairing this church, opened the tomb and recognized officially the
authenticity of the relics. The urn was opened in the presence of the cardinal and
many others, among whom were Bosio, the archieologist, and Maderno, the sculptor,
who made the beautiful statue of St. Cascilia, so much admired, which is now under
the high altar of the church.
Let us leave this place, though so full of edifying and refreshing memories, to
wend our way through the labrynth of corridors. Through an opening in the side
of the crypt, we find ourselves in a corridor lined on one side and the other with
empty loculi. They once had occupants; the marks are there to show that — a tile
still in its place or a crumbling bone. Look well into them, and see the nature of
the rock; how the mark of the pick, as fresh as if made yesterday, makes it evident
that it yielded easily to the stroke. Cold and heat have had no effect on it. We
are too far underground for that. W'e pass on. Here right before us is an open door-
way. We enter and find ourselves in a small room perhaps ten feet square and
seven in height. It is full of loculi. But the ceiling and the spaces between the
burial places have been plastered and painted. Over your head you see a repre-
sentation of the Good Shepherd, so often met with in the catacombs. At your left
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
on I'ntering you see on the wall a fresco-painting. There is a man with a rod in
in his hand, and lie is striking a rock from which water is flowing. The subject is
evidently Scriptural. It recalls Moses striking the rock in the desert. But it is
not Moses. The very opi)osition, so marked in the New Testament, to every
Judaizing spirit, would itself exclude the frequently recurring figure of Moses.
The rod in the hand, typifying power, might lead one to think it might be the pro-
phet like unto Moses, to be raised up — Christ Himself. But Christ is not the one
who strikes, but the thing struck; for St. Paul says: " They all drank of the spir-
itual rock that followed them, and the rock was Christ. " A matter-of-fact argu-
ment helps us out of the difticulty and tells us who this figure is. Discs of glass
have been found in the catacombs at the tombs, illuminated by gold and black,
which were covered over with a second plate of glass and annealed in a furnace,
so as to hermetically seal the edges and so protect the figure. .Several have come
to light representing this picture we .see before us, and one of them is now in the
Vatican library. Over the head of the man striking the rock is read the name
Petrus, Peter. Peter is the antitype of Moses; he is the leader of the New Dispen-
sation. So speaks St. Ephrem of Syria in his sermon on the transfiguration on the
Mount. Moses, the cLXonome of the Father, he says, saw Peter, the procurator of
the Son. * * *
Bishop Chatard's lectures, each being complete in itself and
the parts much dependent upon one another, ought not be pre-
sented except as a whole. The selections given read better when
read with the whole lecture to which each belongs.
(131)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
CHAPTER IX.
DIOCESE OF FORT WAYNE EARLY TIMES FATHERS CLAUDE
ALLOUEZ ADRIAN GRELON — LEWIS HENNEPIN LA SALLE,
THE EXPLORER FATHER STEHHEN THEODORE BADIN THE
DIOCESE OF BARDSTOWN, KY. , ETC.
IN this chapter we shall record, on the authority of John Gilmary
Shea (The Catholic Church in the United States, Volume I, " In
Colonial Days"), the little that is known about some of the early
missionaries whose feet trod the soil of what is now northern Indi-
ana. These missionaries were few, and were more given to doing
God's work than to keeping a record of their self-sacrificing labors.
Yet such of them as belonged to the order of Jesuits were obliged
to send annually an account of their work to the general of the
order in Rome, and these relations are now one of the historian's
sources of information, and from these relations the following facts
are gleaned.
EARLY TIMES.
Father Claude Allouez, S. J., was born in France at Saint
Didier en Forest, and studied at the college of Puy en Velay,
where he was under the direction of St. Francis Regis. Entering
the society of Jesus with one of his brothers, he was sent to Can-
ada in 1658. His first labors were near Quebec, but he left there
on the 8th of August, 1665, for his great western mission. On the
following first of September he reached Sault Ste. Marie, and after
a brief stay at St. Teresa's bay landed, on the first of October, at
Chegoimegon. There he erected his bark chapel, dedicating it to
the Holy Ghost, the spot taking the name of La Pointe du Saint
Esprit.
The population of Chegoimegon was a motley gathering of
(T32r
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
Indians belonging to eight different tribes. When Father Allouez
arrived in their midst they were preparing to attack the Sioux. He
persuaded them to hiy aside their weapons, and to remain peace-
fully in their wigwams. Soon the news of the chapel he had
erected spread, and Indians came from various parts to see and
hear the "black-gown;" some to be instructed, others to mock
and jeer. Others brought children to be bapti^^ed, and some
Hurons, whose ancestors had been Catholics, sought to revive the
faith now almost extinct in their hearts.
The medicine-men were the missionaries' great enemies, and
early in 1666 they incited the Indians of a neighboring town, where
the missionary had erected a chapel, to destroy it and rob him of
his few possessions. He was forced to return to Chegoimegon,
where the Hurons proved more docile, as another Jesuit, Father
Garnier, had instructed them in the faith. Father Allouez bap-
tized some whom that saintly missionary had instructed.
The Pottawatomies at La Pointe showed better dispositions for
conversion than the OttaWas, whereas the Sacs and Foxes remained
obstinate. From their great river came also the Illinois, who
listened to his instructions and went back to their distant home
bearing with them the first tidings of the gospel.
Bishop Laval, of Quebec, appointed Father Allouez his vicar-
general in the west, the document attesting his first ecclesias-
tical act relating to the church in that part of the country. It is
dated July 21, 1663. Father Allouez went to the western extrem-
ity of lake Superior, where he met a band of Sioux, and endeav-
ored through an interpreter to preach the faith to them. He
learned that beyond their country lay the Karezi, after which their
land was cut off. He also met Kilistinons, whose language
resembled that of the Montagnais of the lower St. Lawrence. In
1667 he penetrated to lake Alimibegong, where he revived the
faith in the hearts of the Nipissings, whom the Fathers of the
Huron mission had formerly instructed. He celebrated the feast
of Pentecost among them in a chapel made of branches, but with
a devout and attentive Hock, whose piety was the great consola-
tion of his laborious ministry.
The Catholic church had begun her work on lake Superior
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
with great energy, and Father Allouez, who by this time had
acquired a thorough knowledge of the whole field open to mission-
ary labor, descended with a trading flotilla, in the summer of 1667,
to lay his plans before his superiors. In Quebec he spent only
two days, and then returned with an associate. Father Louis Nico-
las, to pass through the hardships of the long and dangerous jour-
ney. He bore with him a pastoral of the venerable Bishop Laval,
whose authority he had invoked to aid him in checking the unchris-
tian lives of some of the early French pioneers. The labors of
the missionaries found other obstacles than the pagan ideas and
practices of the Indian tribes. The bad examples of some fur-
traders who, having thrown off the restraints of civilization, plunged
into every vice, produced a most unfavorable impression on the
Indians, who contrasted it with the high morality preached by the
missionaries. To remove the scandal, as far as possible. Father
Allouez appealed to Bishop Laval. The following is probably the
first official act, applying directly and exclusively to the church in
the west.
Francis, by the grace of God and of the Holy see, Bishop of Petrasa, vicar
apostolic in New France, and nominated, by the king, bishop of said country: To
our well-beloved Fr. Claude Allouez, superior of the Mission of the Society of
Jesus among the Ottawas, health:
On the report which we have received of the disorder prevailing in your mis-
sions in regard to the French who go thither to trade, and who do not hesitate to
take part in all the profane feasts held there by the pagans, sometimes with great
scandal to their souls, and not to the edification which they ought to give to the
Christian converts, we enjoin you to take in hand that they shall never be present
when these feasts are manifestly idolatrous, and in case they do to the contrary of
what you decide ought to be done or not to be done on this point, to threaten them
with censures if they do not return to their duty, and, in case of contumacy, to pro-
ceed according to your prudence and discretion, as also towards those who are
given in an extraordinary degree to scandalous impurity, to act in the same manner.
Given at Quebec, this 6th day of August, 1667.
Francis, Bishop of Petrtea.
The mission stations in charge of Father Allouez and his Jesuit
brethren were Sault Ste. Marie and La Pointe du St. Esprit at
Chagoimegon, each provided with a chapel. At the last mission,
about this time, bands of a very great number of tribes had gath-
ered, flying from the war parties of the Iroquois, which had car-
ried desolation around the shores of lake Michigan, as of old
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
amid the nations seated on lake Huron. This gave Father Allouez
an opportunity to announce the faith to many tribes, to obtain a
knowledge of their language, and the routes leading to their coun-
try. The Iroquois were the great obstacle, and peace with them
was essential. The Ottawas (Queues Coupees) at La Pointe,
among whom he labored two or three years, showing little sign of
conversion. Father Allouez at last announced his determination to
leave them and go to the Sault, where the people showed docility.
Finding him in earnest, the chiefs called a council in the autumn
of 1665. There they decided to put an end to polygamy, to abol-
ish all offering to the Manitous, and not to take part in the heathen
rites of the tribes that had gathered around them. The change
was sudden, but sincere. The whole tribe became Christians, and,
by its numbers and love of peace, gave great hopes for the glory
of the church.
To obtain more missionaries and means to establish stations
at Green Bay and other points, Father Allouez, in 1669, went
to Quebec, taking several Iroquois whom he had rescued, and
through whom he hoped to effect a peace between the Five Nations
and the western tribes. This happy result followed.
In November, 1670, Father Allouez set out in canoes of the
Pottawatomies, accompanied by two Frenchmen, and, amid storms
and snow, toiled on till they reached lake Michigan. Skirting its
shores they arrived at Green bay on December 3, the feast of St.
Francis Xavier. The next day Father Allouez celebrated the first
mass in that part, which was attended by eight Frenchmen. A
motley village of 600 Indians, Sacs, Foxes, Pottawatomies and
Winnebagoes, had gathered here to winter, and similar groups
were scattered at intervals around the bay. The missionary spent
the winter announcing the gospel, first to the Sacs, instructing
them and teaching them to pray, having adapted the Algonquin,
Our Father and Hail Mary to their dialect. In February he vis-
ited the Pottawatomies, convening the chiefs and then visiting
each cabin. In both villages all sick children were baptized, and
adults in danger were instructed and prepared for death. The
winter wore away before he had made a thorough visitation of all
(135)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
these villages, and, to his regret, he saw them begin to scatter.
He had lived on Indian corn and acorns, had toiled and suffered,
yet could feel that something had been accomplished. In April he
ascended the Fox river, passed a Sac village with its fish weir,
passed Kakalin rapids, threaded Winnebago lake, and kept on till
he reached the crowded town of the Foxes, where he was greeted
as a Manitou. The chiefs came to the council he convened, and
there he explained the fundamental doctrines of Christianity, the
commandments of God, the rewards and punishments of eternity.
He consoled them for their recent losses at the hands of the merci-
less Iroquois. They responded at a later council, and urged him
to remain to instruct them. Thus began the mission of St. Mark,
so named from the day of its first work.
Then he took to his canoe again, and, returning to lake Win-
nebago, ascended Wolf river to the Mascoutin fort. Here he
found a tribe ready to welcome a missionary. Returning from
this excursion he found that by a short portage he could reach the
great river Messi-sipi. He visited the Menomenees, with their cor-
rupt Algonquin, and the Winnebagoes, whose language, of the
Dakota stock, was utterly unlike any language he had yet heard.
He set. to work to study it, and to translate the Lord's prayer
and the Angelical salutation, with a brief catechism, into their
language. Such was the first announcement of Christianity in the
heart of Wisconsin.
Father Allouez continued his labors around Green bay, greatly
encouraged by his reception among the bands of Miamis and of
Illinois near the Mascoutin fort. The gentle and sweet disposition
of the great chief of the Illinois won the heart of the missionary,
who built great hopes on the favor of one who could unite these
traits with that of great valor in war. Father Allouez planted his
little house and chapel at the Rapids des Peres, from which he
attended the tribes on the rivers beyond the missionary station,
whilst his companion. Father Andre, attended the tribes on Green
bay.
In October, 1676, Father Allouez set out from Green bay to
proceed to Kaskaskia, where Father Marquette had founded a mis-
sion, but winter set in so suddenly that he could not proceed till
.(mT
IN THli STATE OF INDIANA.
February. When he reached Kaskaskia, at the close of April, he
planted a cross, and began his labors.
Father Claude Allouez closed his long labors by a happy death
on the 27th or 28th of August, 1689, in the seventy-sixth year of
his age, having been nearly thirty years on the mission around lake
Superior and lake Michigan, which he had created. There is suf-
ficient evidence of his visits to the country now comprised in north-
ern Indiana to claim for him the credit of being its pioneer mis-
sionary.
Of Father Adrian Grelon, S. J., who probably visited north-
ern Indiana, we find the following in the United States Historical
Magazine, 1893:
The labors and sacrifices of the French Jesuits in North America during the
seventeenth century have never failed to awaken admiration and interest. Among
these heroic men was a certain Father Adrian Grelon. He was appointed to the
missions among the Hurons, a great tribe living between lake Erie and lake Huron.
In time the Hurons were almost exterminated by the five Iroquois nations of New
York, who had obtained firearms from the Dutch. The surviving missionaries
accompanied a band who went down to Quebec. Father Grelon was sent back to
France. There he solicited the Chinese mission, and set out for the far east. It
is probable that he crossed Spain to take passage at some S]ianish or Portuguese
port, and on the way, to his astonishment, discovered in a Spanish convent an
Iroquois who had been sent to Spain, educated and ordained as a priest. On reach-
ing China, Father Grelon was stationed at different missions, and labored with
zeal. He wrote a book on China, which is a curious addition to the Jesuit relations
of Canada, being by an old Canadian missionary. In time he penetrated Chinese
Tartary, and there, to his great surprise, found in one of the camps a Huron woman
whom he had known in America. She had been sold as a slave from tribe to tribe
till she reached that jilace. Father Grelon reported this strange circumstance to
his superiors and to the learned of Europe, and was the first to afford any proof
that -America and Asia at the north approached very closely, as was afterwards
found by navigators to be the fact.
The Franciscan Father Lewis Hennepin, the explorer of the
Mississippi, whose travels are described by himself in a work
written for his friends in Europe, in his explorations must have
touched the northern part of what is now the state of Indiana, as
will be seen from the following condensed account:
Father Lewis Hennepin, a native of Holland, joined the
Recollect branch of the Franciscan order, and belonged to the
province of Paris, France. It was, as he himself says, the perusal
~(T37)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
of the accounts of the operations and voyages of the missionaries
of his order which awakened in him a desire to follow in their foot-
steps, and he was especially charmed with the narrative of the
missions in America, which, according to the statistics of the general
chapter of the year 1621, had made 500 converts. In 1676 he
was sent by his superiors as a missionary to Canada. He began
his first labors at the source of the St. Lawrence river at the foot
of Lake Ontario, where he founded a church in the vicinity of Fort
Frontenac. His genius was rather adapted to make grand explor-
ations and discoveries than to be restricted to a stationary life.
Leaving Fort Frontenac on the 5th of December, 1678, he sailed
up lake Ontario to the mouth of the Niagara river, in a bark of
ten tons burden, the grandest that had hitherto navigated these
waters. Here further progress was obstructed by the great falls
of Niagara, and he is supposed to have been the first European to
look upon this stupendous prodigy of nature.
Father Hennepin and his sixteen companions chanted the Te
Deum in thanksgiving, and on the iith of the same month he
offered up the holy sacrifice the first time in sight of the great falls.
They were now obliged to construct another vessel, at some point
above the cataract, in order to continue their voyage on the waters
of lake Erie, and Father Hennepin had to carry his missionary
outfit on his shoulders, around the falls, a distance of some twelve
miles. They commenced constructing a new vessel at the mouth
of a small stream, in the Niagara river, about five miles above the
Falls, and the thousands who now yearly pass along the railroad
from Buffalo to Niagara may hear the conductor, as he nears this
locality, call out " La Salle" for the stream, and the place still
bears the name of this companion of Hennepin. The \essel being
completed, it was blessed according to the Roman ritual, and
launched on the waters of the Niagara, accompanied with three
salutes of cannon, the chanting of the Te Deum and shouts of joy.
Before proceeding on his voyage, Hennepin returned to Fron-
tenac, and procured theassistance of Fathers Gabriel de la Ribourde,
Valentine Le Roux and Zenobius Membre. Father Milithon
accompanied them to Niagara, where he remained. All things
being now in order, on the 7th of August, 1679, the little vessel,.
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
Griffon, having on board the missionaries, La Salle and twenty-
eight others, entered the waters of lake Erie and sailed to the
westward. The Te Deum was again chanted, and the discharge of
their artillery of seven cannon astonished the savages. They were
then opposite the place where now stands Buffalo.
The Griffon was the first vessel which navigated the waters of
lake Erie, and being sixty tons must have appeared of surprising
dimensions to the Indians, accustomed only to their small canoes.
The first cape which they discovered was named St. Francis. On
the I ith of August, they entered the strait which joins lakes Erie
and Huron, and as it extends itself midway, so as to form a small
lake, was named St. Clair, which name it still retains. On the
23d of August, they reached lake Huron, in the vicinity of which
the Recollects had carried the light of the gospel more than halt a
century before. Here another Te Deum was sung in thanksgiving
for the happy navigation of unknown waters and dangerous pass-
ages. Not being able to proceed further on lake Superior on
account of the falls of St. Mary, they passed to the Lake of the
Illinois, now lake Michigan.
Contrary to the advice of the missionaries, La Salle now
wished to send the vessel back, loaded with skins, in order to pay
some debts; but it was wrecked, as is supposed, before proceeding
very far. The}' were now compelled to continue their explorations
in canoes, and, passing by many incidents, we note that in the pass-
age from the lake to the Illinois river, they were obliged to make a
journey of three leagues by land, carrying their baggage on their
shoulders. On reaching the river they erected a fort, which they
named Crevecceur, on account of the distress which they had suffered
by the desertion of a portion of the company. Here they awaited
for some time the return of the Griffon, but she never came, and
La Salle resolved to continue the exploration, with the understand-
ing that when he reached the Mississippi he should turn to
the north.
Father Hennepin, having as his companions Anthony Augille
and Michael Ako, set out in a canoe on the 28th of February,
1680, leaving at Fort Crevecoenr Fathers Zenobius and Gabriel.
After eight days they entered the Mississippi, but instead of turn-
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
ing to the north, according to the desire of La Salle, who sought
for himself the glory of exploring those regions, Hennepin was
obliged, by the threats of his companions, to proceed first to the
south, and then return to the north. On the 21st of March they
encountered a tribe of Indians, called Taenzes, who treated them
with great respect and kindness, and having passed the calumet of
peace, with signs of joy, they commenced to pay them the same
honors which they rendered their chiefs. They also kissed Father
Hennepin's habit, whence it was concluded that these Indians had
some knowledge of the Spanish Franciscans in New Mexico, in
whose vicinity they now supposed themselves to be. They halted
on the 23d of March, which was Easter Sunday, and not being able
to celebrate mass for want of wine, they kept the solemnity with
pious devotions. Continuing their voyage, they reached the mouth
of the Mississippi and the gulf of Mexico, where they found no
inhabitants whatever. Hennepin desired to remain here for some
time in order to make observations, but his two companions, who
cared little for such researches, obliged him to return. They raised
a large cross of wood, twelve feet high, to which Hennepin
attached his name and the names of his companions, together with
a short account of the voyage, and, kneeling, they sang the hymn
of the holy cross, Vexilla Regis prodcunt.
In the beginning of April they began to ascend the Mississippi,
and for twelve days met with no mishap, being kindly treated by
the different tribes of Indians along the river; but the thirteenth
was an unfortunate day for Father Hennepin. He was taken pris-
oner by a band of Sioux Indians and marched off to a neighboring
village, where the Mississippi ceases to be navigable, on account
of the falls, which he named the falls of St. Anthony, in honor of
the great saint of his order under whose protection the expedition
had been placed. He was kept a prisoner for three months, dur-
ing which time he suffered much from the savages, and was more
than once in danger of being put to death. Yet, he did not fail to
preach the great truths of the gospel, as well as his slight knowl-
edge of the language would permit, and was at last in some meas-
ure consoled by being able to secure the salvation of at least one
soul, having baptized a dying infant, to whom he gave the name of
(HOT
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
Antoinette, in honor of St. Anthony of Padua. Finally, in the
month of July, he was released from his captivity by the exertions
of Duluth, who had the previous year explored the country of the
Sioux and contracted friendship with them. On his return to
Quebec, his religious brethren were greatly astonished. They had
been informed of his death more than two years before, and had
celebrated his obsequies with a requiem mass.
La Salle, the foremost pioneer of the great west, recognized
the Wabash river as the great highway of western discovery. This
is implied in his letters to Count Frontenac, written in the year
1682 or 1683, wherein he states that the route by the Maumee
and Wabash rivers was the most direct way to the Mississippi.
France claimed, under the title of New France, the entire valley
of the Mississippi— everything west of the Alleghanies — a claim
which gave rise to the French and Indian war, wherein Washino--
ton gained his first laurels as a commander, and which closed with
the treaty of Paris. Now the military commanders gave way to
the traders, and through the great valleys of the west the mer-
chant and the priest went forth together.
The first trading post was at Fort Wayne, the next at Vin-
cennes, then, in subsequent years, came others between them,
notably that of Ouiatenon, ten miles south of the present city of
LaFayette. On the west bank of the Wabash was also another,
about three miles north of the site of the city. By the treaty of
peace, the Northwestern territory was not recognized as part of
the United States, but continued to be New Fra-nce.
The first western American-born priest was born below the
city of LaFayette, at the then Fort Ouiatenon. His name was
Anthony Foucher. He was ordained on the 30th of October,
1774, for the diocese of Quebec.
The ecclesiastical jurisdiction]of all this western world resided
in the diocese of Quebec. Under, this jurisdiction the territory of
Indiana continued to remain until the year 1808. In that year,
by a decree of Pope Pius VII, the]see>f [Bardstown, Ky., was
constituted, the boundaries of which embraced the territory of
Indiana. It extended northward to lake-Michigan and lake Supe-
rior, and westward to the Mississippi river. Through gradual
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
changes its area was limited by political and ecclesiastical legisla-
tion. In 1816 Indiana was admitted to the Union under an act of
congress defining its present boundaries, but it was not until eight
years afterward that it was established as a separate diocese.
The year 1834 brought the appointment of Bishop Brute as
the first bishop of Vincennes. His name worthily begins the series
of prelates to whom, by Divine Providence, the spiritual interests
of Indiana were confided. He succumbed to the rigors of the
seasons and the burdens which his own tireless industry brought
upon him, yielding his soul to heaven on the 26th of June, 1839,
and leaving to earth his illustrious example and his revered name.
His successor was Bishop de la Hailandiere. consecrated
bishop of Vincennes in 1839, at Paris, France. He resigned in
1847, and was succeeded by the Right Rev. John S. Bazin, conse-
crated on October 24 of the same year. His promising adminis-
tration was cut short by death on April 28, 1848.
The Right Rev. James Maurice d'Aussac de Saint Palais,
fourth bishop of Vincennes, like all the early bishops of Indiana,
had his origin in the fair land of France. Born there in 181 1, he
entered the Sulpician seminary, in Paris, in 1830, and was
ordained priest in 1836. In the same year he came to America at
the invitation of Bishop Brute. Successful in church work in
southern Indiana, he was, in the year 1839, sent to Chicago. He
had to face a hard task there; persevering, however, he built St.
Mary's church, which later became the first cathedral of that city.
Afterward, successfully stationed at Logansport and Madison, he
became vicar-general, and in the year 1849 was consecrated
bishop. He induced the settlement of the Benedictines, Francis-
cans and other orders in Indiana. An ardent, laborious, indefati-
gable prelate, it was through his extensive travels and correspond-
ence that the zealous and wealthy Catholics of France and other
European countries first came to the banks of the Wabash and its
tributaries. He died June 28, 1877.
The Jesuit missionaries that may have visited Fort Wayne
when it was a mere trading post have left no record of their labors.
The few Catholics that resided there were visited, for the first time
on record, on the istof June. 1830. by the Rev. Stephen Theodore
<T42r
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
Badin, the first priest ordained in the United States. At that time
the state of Indiana was within the Hmits of the diocese of Bards-
town (now of Louisville), Ky., the bishop of which was the Right
Rev. Benedict Joseph Flaget, consecrated November 4, 18 10.
Stephen Theodore Badin was born in Orleans, France, on the
17th of July, 1768. He early developed mental gifts that were
regarded by his parents as extraordinary, and they determined to
give him a classical education. When of the proper age, he was
sent to the college Montaigu, Paris, where he remained for three
years, and where he acquired a thorough knowledge of classical
literature. In the year 1789, having determined to devote himself
to the sacred ministry, he entered the Sulpician seminary at
Orleans, where he remained until the establishment was dissolved
two years later. Three months later we find young Badin sailing
the sea on his way to America. He came in the company of Rev.
Benedict Joseph Flaget and Rev. John B. David, both of whom
later attained the episcopal dignity in Kentucky.
They reached Philadelphia on the 26th, and Baltimore on the
28th of March, 1792. On the 25th of May, 1793, the old cathe-
dral church of St. Peter's, Baltimore, was the scene of an interest-
ing ceremony — the first of the kind that had taken place in the
United States. On that day, and in the church named, Stephen
Theodore Badin was raised by Bishop Carroll to the dignity of the
priesthood. He was appointed by Bishop Carroll to the missions
in Kentucky, who gave him for a companion the Rev. M. Barrieres,
an older and more experienced priest, and appointed the latter
vicar-general for the remote district.
Father Badin remained in Kentucky till 181 9. His labors
there fill a bright page in the history of the American Catholic
missions, but the subject is foreign to this sketch. In the year
named he returned to France, where he remained till the summer
of 1828, when he returned to the United States, reaching New
York about July of that year, whence he went to Detroit to visit
his brother, the Rev. Vincent Badin, then assistant of the pastor,
the Rev. Gabriel Richard. Over what length of time this visit
extended we have no information, but we find him in Kentucky in
the fall of 1829, and the early months of the following year. It is
9 ~(143)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
reasonable to suppose that he occupied some months in revisiting
the scenes of his early missionary career, and that for weeks
together he was the honored guest of one or another of his French
compatriots in the villages of Shippingsport and Portland, near
Louisville.
In August or September of the year 1830, Father Badin went
to Cincinnati, where he stayed with the bishop. Right Rev.
Edward Fenwick. It was probably during this visit that he
arranged with this prelate to take charge of the Pottawatomie
Indian mission, on St. Joseph's river, Ind. Hastening to Michi-
gan, he was fortunate enough to find in Detroit a most efficient
co-worker. Miss Campau, who was not only familiar with the
Pottawatomie dialect, but who had already spent many years of
her life in a nobly sustained endeavor to christianize that particular
tribe of Indians. The two reached the seat of their future labors
in August, 1830, where they entered at once upon their task of
Christian charity. The abandoned Protestant mxissionary buildings
were transformed into a church and school-house, and the young
and old of the tribe were taught reverence for God and his com-
mandments and precepts, and to speak and read English, besides
their own language. Father Badin's connection with the Potta-
watomie mission, interrupted by occasional visits to the surround-
ing settlements of whites in Indiana, Michigan and Ohio, extended
from the summer of 1830 to the spring of 1836. Logansport,
South Bend and Fort Wayne, Ind., were regularly visited by him
during the entire term of his pastorate among the Pottawatomies.
It may be of interest to here give a copy from his own hand-writ-
ing of the record of a baptism and burial, the first on record in the
church annals of Fort Wayne. The record of baptism is trans-
lated from the French, and reads as follows:
Fort Wayne, Diocese of Bardstown.
On the 23d day of January, 1831, I, the undersigned missionary priest, bap-
tized Peter David, born the 5th of October, 1830, of the civil marriage of Peter
Gibaud and Mary Gibaud. The sponsors are John Ikiptist Becket and Theresa
Duret, his wife. Stki'H. Theod. Badin,
V. G. of Bardstown and Cincinnati.
(144)
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
His first record of burial is translated from the Latin and is
as follows:
On the 23d day of January, 1884, I gave Christian burial to Richard Doyle,
aged 40 years, a Hibernian from the diocese of Ferns, who died suddenly the day
previous, six miles from this village. Stephen Theodokk Badin,
Missionary Apostolic,
Vicar-General of Bardstown.
On one of his visits to Fort Wayne, Father Badin induced a
Mr. Colerick, afterwards a well known lawyer of that city, to
accompany him on a visit he proposed making to an Indian
encampment, most likely of the Ottawas, immediately south of
lake Michigan. Arrived at their destination they found that the
males of the tribe were out hunting. These soon returned, how-
ever, bringing with them as many pigeons as they could well carry.
A large kettle was placed over the fire, and into it went the
pigeons, feathers and all. When portions of the mess were set
before the visiting strangers, Father Badin began to eat with
apparent indifference to the primitive mode of cooking to which
the food had been subjected. Not so 'his companion, whose more
fastidious stomach was in open revolt against the part he was
expected to take in the performance. Observing his hesitation,
Father Badin said to him: "Do not irritate and insult the red
men; we might suffer from it. Strip the feathers from the legs and
you will find them eatable." Mr. Colerick took the priest's advice
and managed to escape censure for breach of savage etiquette.
Of the details of Father Badin's labors among tne Pottawato-
mies little is known at the present time. That his ministrations
were effective of manifold blessings to his charge is beyond ques-
tion. That his own bodily energies were correspondingly weakened
by the excess of his labors is equally certain. After five years of
unremitting toil he found himself in such a state of physical pros-
tration as to render him incapable of performing his pastoral duties
with any degree of efficiency. Under the circumstances he could
but ask to be relieved, and his bishop could do no less than sanc-
tion his retiracy.
It was more than ten years after his withdrawal from the Potta-
watomie mission that Father Badin was again given charge of a
"(145)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
congregation. His history during these years is that of a chartered
peripatetic, free to go whither he would, to labor wherever and
whenever there was work to be done, and to nurse his infirmities
when he needed rest. Now Ohio was the theater of his spasmodic
missionary efforts, now Kentucky and now Indiana. By the clergy
everywhere, both bishops and priests, he was treated with marked
consideration and respect. The same is to be said of the laity,
and especially of such among them as had formerly profited by his
instructions. Restless by nature and restless by force of habit, he
was at one time to be seen taking charge of a congregation in the
temporary absence of the pastor; at another dividing the labors of
an overtaxed priest, and, at still another, rejoicing the hearts of a
community of religious by making it possible for its members to
hear daily mass, for a brief while at least. He had no need for an
introduction, whether to priests or people. No matter where he
was led by the spirit of unrest that seemed to govern all his move-
ments, he found personal recognition from some, and hearty wel-
come from all. This was especially the case in Kentucky, where
many were still living to whom he had formerly borne the relation
of pastor. For the greater part of the year 1836, and most likely
for the early months of 1837, his nominal residence was Cincinnati.
Some time during the year 1837, through the solicitations,
most likely, of Bishop Flaget and his coadjutor. Dr. Chabrat,
Father Badin renewed his connection with the diocese of Bards-
town, and accepted at their hands the office of vicar-general. This
position was proffered to him, no doubt, with no idea that he would
be able to attend to its duties, but out of regard for him as a most
deserving priest, and in recognition of his past services to the Cath-
olic people of Kentucky. Up to the date of his relinquishment of
the office, two years later, his nominal residence was Bardstown,
but it is doubtful if, whether during the period named or the six
years of his after connection with the diocese, he considered him-
self or was considered by others, a resident of any particular local-
ity in the state.
From the latter part of the year 1842 to the fall of 1846,
though nominally attached to the diocese ot Bardstown, whose see
had been removed to Louisville in 1841, Father Badin spent most
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
of his time in Indiana, Ohio, Michigan and Ilhnois. He made
long visits to South Bend, and to other towns and villages contig-
uous to the great northern lakes. On the 25th of May, 1843,
fifty years from the date of his ordination. Father Badin celebrated
his golden jubilee in Lexington, Ky. , where, in the first year of his
priesthood, he offered up the holy sacrifice of the mass for the first
time in the state named.
In September, 1846, the aged missionary again severed his
connection with the Kentucky mission, and accepted the pastorship
of the congregation of Bourbonnais Grove, Kankakee county, 111.^
in the diocese of Chicago.
Much enfeebled by age, Father Badin returned to Kentucky
some time in the winter of 1848-49. His idea, it is generally
supposed, was to pass the remainder of his life where he had
achieved the greatest of his missionary triumphs. To the venera-
ble Bishop Flaget, who was now an invalid, and evidently nearing
the end of his days on earth, the presence of his old friend was a
source of great joy and profound thankfulness to God. Both him-
self and his coadjutor, the Right Rev. Martin John Spalding, took
infinite pains to show how much they felt themselves honored
through his coming, and the latter was especially earn2st in his
endeavors to render his condition altogether pleasant and comfort-
able. He had a room fitted up for him in the bishop's house, and
another in that of his friend Charles Maquaire, in Portland, and
for several months of the winter of that year his time was about
evenly taken up with light labors between the city and that suburb.
Father Badin's last public appearance in Louisville was on
the 15th of August, 1849, on the occasion of the laying of the
corner-stone of the new cathedral, against the erection of which, on
the spot it now occupies, he had vainly protested. He might have
been made a conspicuous figure in the ceremonial of the day, but
he was not; and for the reason, as is supposed, that he did not wish
to be regarded as friendly to an undertaking which he looked upon
as a blunder. A few days later he astonished his friends, both of
the clergy and laity, by taking leave of them and of the diocese.
Seated upon his box of chattels, which had been placed upon a
dray, he was drawn from his lodgings in the bishops house to the
, A HISTORY OF cAtHOLICITY
river front, where, so to speak, he shook from his feet the dust of
his adopted state, and took passage to Cincinnati.
The last three years of the hfe of Father Badin were passed
in the diocese of Cincinnati. With no obhgation to labor at all,
and incapable, indeed, by reason of age and infirmity, of attend-
ing to the wants of a congregation, he showed himself ready,
nevertheless, to prosecute any special work that promised in any
wise to lessen the burdens of the local pastors. Though nomi-
nally attached to the cathedral, his restless nature propelled him
often in other directions. It was his habit during these years to
make short visits to the cpuntry parishes, more particularly to
those of Hamilton, Columbus, Chillicothe, Somerset. Zanesville,
and the French settlements of Shelby and Darke counties.
On one occasion he made a somewhat extended visit to Fort
Wayne, Ind., where the pastor. Very Rev. J. Benoit, was his
warm friend and fellow-countryman. One day, while engaged
about the house, Father Benoit was disturbed by sounds of con-
tinuous knocking, which appeared to come from' the belfry of his
little church. Hastily going out and looking upward, he was sur-
prised and not a little indignant at seeing his ancient friend, with
hatchet in hand, busily employed in knocking away the lattice
work by which the space occupied by the bell was surrounded.
"What are you doing there. Father Badin?" shouted the pastor
in a voice that was indicative of his displeasure. "Don't you
want your bell to be heard ?" demanded the missionary by way of
answer, " and if you do," he continued, " why do you crib up the
sound with these painted boards.'" There was a modicum of
both wit and reason in this reply, and Father Benoit was at once
mollified. He put an end to the proceedings aloft, without abso-
lutely breaking with his friend; but he took good care to keep his
tool chest locked during the remainder of his visit.
The annexed most interesting account of Father Badin's last
illness and death is from a distinguished ecclesiastic of the arch-
diocese of Cincinnati :
"I have been asked to give the particular incidents attending
the last days of Rev. Stephen Theodore Badin. For years before
his death he was a frequent visitor at the house of Archbishop Purcell,
(lisT
IN THK STATE OF INDIANA.
where he was always a welcome j^uest. The last five months of
his life were spent there almost continually. The many years of
arduous labor to which he had been subjected had evidently
exhausted his physical strength, and though suffering from no dis-
ease, he was seen to decline from day to day. To the very last,
his mind was clear and even vigorous, in the expression of his
great faith in God and gratitude to those from whom he received
either favors or attentions. In fact, his death was like that of all
the first missionary priests of the West. They were grand old
men, and when they yielded to death, it was not in consequence
of disease, but of the great labors by which they had been
oppressed.
"All who knew Father Badin were more or less acquainted
with his eccentricities. When he was in vigorous health, so
unusual did these appear to me, that I was inclined to the belief
that they were assumed; but the last days of his life convinced
me that they were due to the natural exuberance of his character.
One day, I remember, he described to me in his inimitable way
his journey to Europe in 1819, and his efforts while there to secure
for himself the place of coadjutor to the bishop of Bardstown.
This was within a week of his death, and yet his recollection was
so vivid and his fancy so engaging, that he kept those who were
sitting around his bed constantly smiling, and sometimes breaking
into fits of laughter. 'It was a very good thing, sir,' said he,
' that I did not succeed. Had I done so, I would have plagued
myself, plagued my clergy, and plagued my people. I thought
at the time that I was wise, but ' — and this was added with a
laugh^ — ' Our Lord was wiser than Father Badin.'
" One day he left his bed for the last time, and to the surprise
of the archbishop and those who were at the table with him,
entered the dining-room. We all rose to receive him, and he
was given a comfortable place. ' I have come, sir,' said he address-
ing himself to the archbishop, ' to have a last talk with you and
your priests.' In the course of the conversation that followed
he alluded to his fondness for the Latin poets, and he and the
archbishop quoted from the odes of Horace. All were astonished
at the wit he displayed, and they were charmed as well at the
"(149)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
happy application he made of the poet's words to what was pass-
ing at the moment. At this same time his appearance was that of
a corpse. He concluded by wishing us all farewell; and so feel-
ingly spoken was his short address to the archbishop, that all pres-
ent were affected beyond measure.
"That same night it was thought advisable to give him the sac-
rament of extreme unction, which was administered by Very Rev.
E. T. Collins. Father Collins was as slow and methodical as
Father Baden was quick and impulsive, and while the former was
administering the sacrament, the dying priest sank into and waked
from unconsciousness more than once. The last of these fitful
awakenings was phenomenal. Coming to himself, and finding
Father Collins still engaged in rubrical work, he exclaimed: ' Is it
possible you haven't got through yet!' The attempt to keep
serious under such provocation was manifested most ludicrously on
the faces of the attendants.
"As w^as usual with me since he had been confined to his bed,
I called to see him next morning. Observing me, he said with a
smile: ' Here I am yet, sir! Could you not give me a push around
the corner.' " Almost immediately afterwards he exclaimed: ' O
God, have mercy on us!' These were his last words on earth.
Soon after he fell into his agony, and for five days he was wholly
unconscious. I have seen many die, but none who struggled so
long with death. On the morning of his death, Archbishop Pur-
cell and the priests in his house were summoned to his sick chamber,
and while they were kneeling beside his bed a thunder-storm swept
over the city. When the skies became again serene, it was observed
that the proto- priest and great missionary had passed away."
In an address delivered by him in the former cathedral of Cin-
cinnati, a quarter of a century before the date of his death — April
21, 1853 — Father Badin had alluded to the possibility that his own
ashes might one day rest beside those of Dr. Fenwick, first bishop
of the see, beneath the altar upon which he had that day offered
up the sacrifice of the mass. The venerable prelate who had
given honor and protection to him living, was pleased to grant an
honorable resting-place to his remains under the chancel of his own
metropolitan church.
(150r
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
CHAPTER X.
THE DECEASED BISHOPS JOHN HENRY LUERS — HIS LIFE AND
SERVICES — JOSEPH DWENGER AND HIS LONG ADMINISTRATION.
JOHN HENRY LUERS was born near the city of Munster,
U Westphalia, a province of lower Germany, on the 29th of Sep-
tember, 1 8 19. His parents, though poor in the goods of this world,
were possessed of a generous faith and well endowed with the graces
of religion. They were particularly solicitous for the moral and
religious welfare of their children. In 1833 this pious family,
urged by poverty, emigrated from their native country, and, after
a tedious voyage in an emigrant ship, landed at New York, June
7, of the same year, friendless and almost alone. John was then
in his fourteenth year. The father of the family, with the char-
acteristic thoughtfulness of his race, lost no time in fruitless efforts
to make a livelihood in our Atlantic cities, but pushed onward
toward the west. Ohio was at that time the pioneer state in
industry, enterprise and development, and was particularly attract-
ive for Catholics. The saintly Bishop Edward Fenwick had
traversed it from one extremity to another; he had wished to
place a priest in every thriving mission or village, but when this
was impossible, he girded himself for the work of saving souls, and
gave to the poorest hamlets the consolation of his own apostolic
ministry. Thus, while struggling to build up his own diocese, he
was laying the foundation of the three flourishing sees of Cincin-
natti, Cleveland and Columbus.
Religious training was what the father of this good family
mainly desired for his children. Piqua was at that time promi-
nently mentioned as likely to outstrip Cincinnati itself in growth,
and located as it was on the Miami river, and being the terminus
. . ~(15r>
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
of the Miami canal, it connected Cincinnati, on the Ohio river,
with Toledo on the lakes. Here the emigrants determined to
settle. Locating themselves upon a farm in the neighborhood of
the town, the boys united their labors with those of their father in
supporting the family. But John was placed as clerk and assistant
salesman in the store of a Protestant merchant in Piqua, where his
strict integrity and attention to business won for him the respect
and confidence of his employer and all who saw him. But alas,
while gaining the encomiums of men, he was losing grace with
God. Without deviating from the moral lessons of his youth, he
was fast neglecting and forgetting his religion. Upon one occa-
sion, when the young clerk returned home for a short vacation, it
fell to his lot in turn to recite the night prayers for the assembled
family. To the amazement of the father, his son could not
remember a word of his prayers. The bishop often afterward
jocosely said, whilst reciting this incident: " The subsequent inter-
view between my father and myself was of such a striking nature
that I received sufficient reasons to promise to relearn w-hat I had
forgotten. It was a sore lesson, but one which I never forgot."
A most effectual change now manifested itself in his -thoughts
and feelings. The things of God now greatly engrossed his mind.
He began to perceive that those who labor for the salvation of souls
were the favored ones of heaven. He even began to sigh to
become one of the dwellers in the sanctuary. But how could he
acquire the education required for this exalted station, or even
cherish a hope of ever attaining it.'' Events, however, showed
that heaven had marked him out for one of its own. It was not
long afterward that Archbishop Purcell, the successor of the
saintly Fenwick, visited the vicinity of Piqua, in order to confer
confirmation. On the roadside, as he was riding along, he over-
took a lad trudging right manfully in the same direction. Im-
pressed with the boy's appearance, the prelate reined up his horse,
and the following conversation ensued: "Where are you going,
my son.^" asked the archbishop. "I am going to mass, sir. " an-
swered the youth. "It is a long way to walk, my boy, and you
may get up behind one of these gentlemen," replied the arch-
bishop, pointing to a priest who was riding by his side. " Thus,"
<152r
IX THE STATE OF INDIANA.
said the archbishop, in preaching the funeral sermon of Bishop
Luers, "did I become acquainted with your bishop thirty-six
years ago." The conversation which followed disclosed the young
man's religious aspirations, but in his situation there seemed to be
no hope of attaining the object of his desire. But the archbishop
inspired him with hope, and remarked to him: " Fear not, my
son; if God has destined you for the sanctuary, and has given you
a vocation, he will in his wisdom provide the means. But you
must pray that God's will may be done." From that moment the
desire of devoting himself exclusively to God's service took posses-
sion of the heart of young Luers. He became fond of study, and
was rarely afterward seen by the companions of his sports. Gen.
M. D. Morrison, then one of his companions, and later a member
of congress from Indiana, has related, since the bishop's death:
"Bishop Luers, when quite a boy with us in Piqua, suddenly
stopped playing with the boys, and this being something unusual,
we often asked, ' What has become of John Luers.'' The reply
was given, ' Why, he's got hold of some old Latin books, and he is
studying them; he is going to be a Catholic priest.' The next
thing I heard of him was, that he had gone off somewhere to
school."
The old seminary of St. Francis Xavier, in Brown county,
Ohio, conducted by the Lazarists, a religious congregation dis-
tinguished for training young men for the ministry, was the only
alma mater of Bishop Luers. To its classes and privileges he
was introduced by Archbishop Purcell, to whom he applied to be
received as a candidate for the priesthood. He could not have
fallen into the hands of better masters for worldly science, and
above all for the science of the saints. It was at the feet of the
^ood sons of St. Vincent that his natural qualities were developed
by study and sanctified by grace, until he became a fit instrument
in announcing the word of God and in performing his divine min-
istry. During his seminary life none gave more evident marks of
a sacred vocation, none was more edifying in conduct, none more
proficient in study. Bishop Luers did not possess what would be
called a quick or brilliant mind, but, what was far better, a pro-
found mind. He thoroughly understood the sciences he applied
"(163)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
himself to, and mastered them in all their depths and ramifica-
tions. His good memory enabled him to treasure up all he
acquired, and to draw upon his well-stored mind with aptness and
facility. The reports sent by the superiors of the seminary to
Archbishop Purcell from time to time were of the most satisfac-
tory character. To a close application to study he united solid
piety, ardent zeal, and a generous desire to devote himself to the
service of God and the good of his neighbor. Having been found
worthy of the exalted office to which he aspired, he was ordained
sub-deacon by Archbishop Purcell in the cathedral of Cincinnati
on All Saints' Day, November i, 1846; deacon on the feast of St.
Charles Borromeo, November 4th, and on the feast of St. Martin,
November iith, in the tvventy-fifth year of his age, he was ele-
vated to the holy priesthood. He was the last priest ordained
from the old seminary in Brown county, which is now succeeded
by the Ursuline convent of St. Martin.
He zealously embraced the new career of usefulness and labor
now opened to him. Archbishop Purcell exhibited great discern-
ment in selecting him, though so young a priest, for one of the
most important posts in the diocese. The congregation of St.
Joseph was struggling to erect a church, the walls of which were
half up. but a heavy debt was hanging over them and paralyzing
every effort. In this emergency Archbishop Purcell appointed the
young priest pastor of the new and struggling congregation. From
that moment new life was infused into the enterprise, and it was
not long before the archbishop had the consolation of dedicating
to the service of God that first fruit of his labor. Not only was
the church of St. Joseph finished, but it was also cleared from all
incumbrances. But his work was really now only begun. He
realized in his own person a remark which he frequently addressed
to his own clergy when he was bishop: " I have somewhere read
that more men rust out than wear out; a piece of mechanism is
more apt to get out of repair when not employed than when per-
forming its accustomed labors." He took a census of the chil-
dren of his parish, and discovered one thousand young ones need-
ing instruction. He also found that many parents could be reached
only through their children. It was chiefly through the rising gen-
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
eration that the faith could be preserved in a city Hke Cincinnati,
where infidehty and irrehgion stalked abroad in the open day,
spreading moral poison through all the walks of life, showing con-
tempt for Christianity by devoting the Lord's day to frivolity, self-
indulgence and amusement, and in throwing open the places of dis-
sipation to both sexes and to all ages and conditions. Catholic
schools were the weapons he used against these evils. Soon a sub-
stantial school-house arose, and the children were gathered in num-
bers under its roof. He thus had the happiness of seeing those
whom he had baptized now reared in the faith, and in a pure and
holy life. He made it a rule, while in Cincinnati, to visit the schools
every day. How acceptable must have been the atonement for the
sins of that cit}', when from the hearts of so many innocent
children arose the prayer of faith and love on high, "May
Jesus Christ be beloved!"
Twelve years of zealous pastoral labor and devotion to the
good of his flock rolled around, during which Father Luers won
the esteem of his bishop and the love of his people. In the mean-
time great changes were being wrought in the Catholic church of
America. When he was appointed pastor of St. Joseph's, the three
states of Ohio, Kentucky and Indiana were under the spiritual rule
of one bishop. Catholics were few in numbers, except in the large
cities and towns, and did not usuall}- belong to the wealthy classes.
Their ranks had been increased to some extent by conversions
from the sects. But during the years 1847, 1848 and 1849,
causes w^ere at work in Europe which greatly affected the growth
in population of the United States, and more than a corresponding
increase in the Catholic population. The tide of immigration
poured its masses into the United States, and in the three states
of Ohio, Kentucky and Indiana twenty thousand Catholics were
added to our population annually. A multiplication of Catholic
dioceses resulted from these causes. Northern Ohio was erected
into a separate episcopal see, located at Cleveland. In 1853,
Kentucky felt the swelling tide, and the eastern part of the state
was formpd into the diocese of Covington. Indiana had not yet
increased her Catholic population to the same extent, owing in
part to the location and physical formation of the state. Her
~(155j
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
shape is long and narrow, being two hundred and seventy-five miles
long, and about one hundred and seventy-five miles wide. A trav-
eler from Ohio, on reaching the Wabash, would imagine himself
in a different country. The southern part of the state, in which
Vincennes is located, is high, hilly and rolling; that portion which
lies north of the Wabash is level, flat and, in 1846, was marshy,
requiring a vast expenditure of labor and money before it could be
rendered available for cultivation. Besides the more favorable
condition of southern Indiana in respect to soil and topographical
formation, it was thrifty and prosperous, and was readily and con-
veniently reached by immigrants following the Ohio, then the great
highway of travel. But northern Indiana was the route to the
great northwest; railroads were constructed across her bosom,
ditches were opened at the public expense, and competition of
travel enlivened and enriched her territory; and what had been
regarded as a vast morass, now became a blooming garden. The
university of Notre Dame, located at South Bend, contributed its
share in changing the face of the country; Fort Wayne, at the
junction of the St. Mary's and St. Joseph's rivers, suddenly became
a place of importance, as did also Logansport, LaFayette, Laporte
and other flourishing towns, in which churches had been erected
and schools established. It was under these circumstances of
progress and development, added to the remoteness of the northern
part of the state of Indiana from Vincennes, that the Right Rev.
Bishop de St. Palais proposed its erection into a separate diocese.
The military highway, known as the National road, which divided
the state in two, was chosen as the dividing line. The provincial
council adopted the suggestion, and Rome ratified the action of the
council. It was thus that the diocese of Fort Wayne was created
in 1857.
The wisdom of the council was still further manifested in the
selection of Father Luers as the first bishop of Fort Wayne, a
result least anticipated by himself and by the congregation of St.
Joseph's. He humbly bowed his head to the mandate of the Holy
Ghost, expressed through Rome and the council, exclaiming:
" Behold thy servant, O Lord! " He was consecrated in the
cathedral of Cincinnati, the same temple that had witnessed his
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
ordination as a priest, by Archbishop Purcell, on the loth of Janu-
ary, 1858. The assistant prelates were the Right Rev. Maurice de
St. Palais, bishop of Vincennes, and the Right Rev. George Aloy-
suis Carrell, bishop of Covington. The assistants in the pontifical
mass were the Very Rev. E. T. Collins, vicar-general, archdeacon,
and the Rev. Messrs. J. Albrinck, of Pomeroy, and C. H. Borgess,
of Columbus, later bishop of Detroit, deacon and subdeacon. The
solemnity of the occasion was increased by the presence of the rep-
resentatives of many religious orders, among whom was the Right
Rev. Boniface Wimmer, mitred abbot of the Benedictine convent
of St. Vincent, near Latrobe, Pa. The consecration sermon was
preached by the Right Rev. Martin J. Spalding, then bishop of
Louisville, Ky. , and later archbishop of Baltimore, Md.
On the day of his consecration a tribute was rendered to the
newly consecrated bishop, which was a striking evidence of his
recognized worth and services, and of the pious gratitude of his
devoted f^ock. The entire congregation of St. Joseph's came forth
in the afternoon of January loth, to testify their love for the pastor
whom they were about to lose, their appreciation for his labors, and
their admiration for his virtues. The new bishop was requested to
meet them at the altar of St. Joseph's, the scene of his long and faith-
ful missionary career. The sanctuary was brilliantly illumined, the
church thronged to overflowing. A framework erected in the
sanctuary bore, in the midst of light, appropriate texts of scripture;
the choir commenced the proceedings with a hymn. The Rev.
Mr. Stehle, aided by the Rev. Mr. Sommer, who were afterward
charged with the care of the congregation, arranged rich offerings
appertaining to the episcopal office on a credence table and an
address was read to the new bishop. The little boys and girls of
the school, handsomely dressed, the girls in white and wearing
bright crowns, the young unmarried men and ladies, the fathers
and mothers of families, the officers of religious societies and all
the German Catholics of Cincinnati, through their able representa-
tive. Rev. Father Otto Jair, O. S. F., later vicar-general of the
diocese, had a word and a gift for their right reverend friend, the
delivery of which was interspersed with music from the choir. It
was a heart -offering from all present to the merit and virtues of
"(157).
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
the faithful pastor now leaving them. The archbishop and the
right reverend bishops of Vincennes and Covington, who were in the
sanctuary, were deeply affected by this exhibition of an entire peo-
ple's gratitude and faith. A large delegation of both Catholics and
Protestants from Fort Wayne met the congregation of St. Joseph
at Cincinnati, and thus voices of gratitude, benediction and fare-
well were mingled with those of future joy, loyalty and promise.
And after the exercises in the church were over, the newly conse-
crated prelate visited the schools, and there to see and hear the
tokens of sorrow everywhere visible became perfectly painful; and
it was only after repeated assurances that he would often visit them
could their grief be restrained. Kneeling to receive his blessing,
with a thousand wishes for his welfare, the impressive scene closed.
In a day or two afterward Bishop Luers departed for his new
home, and lost no time in taking possession of his see, and in com-
mencing the exalted and arduous work before him. He arrived
toward evening, alone and unannounced, carrying his traveling-
bag in his hand, at the door of the residence of the Very Rev.
Father Benoit. A day or two afterward, when the gentlemen
who had in charge the preparations for extending to the bishop a
public and honorable reception at Fort Wayne, came to the house
to inquire when he was expected to arrive, great was their surprise,
when the bishop opened the door for them and answered their
inquiries in person. Their disappointment was lost sight of in their
admiration for his humility, while the bishop enjoyed himself mirth-
fully at their expense.
Bishop Luers found his diocese even poorer than he expected.
A small frame church, which had grown almost dilapidated in the
service, was his only cathedral. A neat brick building, erected
by the Rev. A. Bessonies during an absence of Father Benoit in
Louisville, was the episcopal residence. In Father Benoit the
bishop found a zealous and invaluable vicar-general and co-la-
borer. The diocese of Fort Wayne embraced a territory one hun-
dred and twenty miles long and one hundred and seventy miles
wide, comprising thirty-eight counties, with a scattered population
of 20,000 souls, whose spiritual wants were supplied by eleven
secular priests and three priests of the Congregation of the Holy
RT. REV. JOHN HENRY LUERS.
(DECEASED.)
IN THI£ STATE OI' INDIANA.
Cross, engaged on the missions. Tiiese twenty churches, if such
they could be called, were mostly of the poorest description, and
wholly unable to accommodate one-half of the congregations. Many
places were destitute of both churches and priests. The bishop
seemed to possess the faculty of ubiquity in his efforts to supply
their necessities himself. He was from this circumstance seldom
at home, and it might be said that his episcopal residence was a
railroad car. On one day he would be in a remote corner of his
diocese, and in a day or two afterward he would be heard of in
quite an opposite quarter, preaching, offering mass, and admin-
istering the sacraments. His answer to the many petitions he
received for resident priests, was a generous effort to bestow upon
the congregations the efforts of his own ministry. He fervently
prayed for the advent of more priests in his diocese; and within
the first year of his episcopate two priests were ordained for the
diocese, and he welcomed them as messengers sent from heaven in
answer to his prayers. So earnest were his efforts in this regard,
that in two years he could point to eight more clergymen ordained
by himself. He had also eight ecclesiastical students in preparation
for the sacred office in various seminaries. This supply scarcely
diminished the demand for priests, for in the same short period his
Catholic flock was increased by more than 25,000.
Bishop Luers gave his early attention to the work of erecting
a cathedral worthy of his diocese. Father Benoit had already
matured plans for that purpose, and in the spring of 1859 the pres-
ent cathedral, a Gothic building 180 feet long by eighty feet wide,
with two towers in front, was undertaken. The corner-stone was
laid by Archbishop Purcell on Trinity Sunday of that year, and
such was the energy of the bishop and his vicar-general, that it
was under roof before winter. It was thrown open to the thou-
sands who crowded to see its graceful proportions, and to attend a
grand fair held within its unfinished walls, in order to defray the
expense of its completion. Other places soon emulated Fort
Wayne in its erection of fine churches, in which they were warmly
encouraged by the bishop, who had the happiness every year of
laying the corner-stone of two or three fine churches, ranging in
value from $15,000 to $40,000. In these works he was warmly
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
seconded by his zealous clergy, most of whom he had educated in
the diocese and under his eye, and who were devoted to him as he
was to them. He was remarkable for his affection for his priests.
The same interest he manifested in them while the}' were students
of the diocese continued and increased when he recognized in them
the laborers in the Lord's vineyard. It was remarkable that he
never spokedisparingagly of any of them, but delighted in commend-
ing and encouraging their labors, and in speaking of them in praise.
He also took pleasure in assisting them, and in sharing with them
the labors of the mission. He would frequently travel all night,
at great inconvenience, in order to arrive at an early hour at places
where he was announced or expected. On his arrival he would
repair to the confessional, and hear the confessions of the people
until his time for saying mass arrived. He was devoted to the
celebration of the holy sacrifice, esteeming it the greatest privilege
of his life. It made no difference at what hour of the night or
morning he arrived at a place, he was found at the altar at the
early hour of six. He used to say: " God derives more glory from
the celebration of one mass than from the praise of all the angels
in heaven. Ought not priests give to God that glory, at no matter
what personal inconvenience.^" This love of the holy sacrifice
sometimes brought him in contact with strange characters and
amusing occurrences. On one occasion he arrived at the house of
a priest at an early hour; the priest was ill, and was attended by
an odd, though well-meaning character as a nurse, who on hearing
loud knocks at the door, threw up the window and addressed the
intruder as follows: " Be off out of that! Don't you know his
reverence is sick, and can't go out on sick calls.? A pretty time of
the day you are calling." The window closed amid a shower of
abuse on the unknown bishop. He quietly walked, valise in hand,
to the convent, where he met with a cordial reception. He said:
" There was a man down at Father 's house who ordered
me to rather warm quarters, but I thought it better to come and
say mass." The visit was well timed, for the good nuns had not
enjoyed the consolation of mass in their community for some time.
Bishop Luers was prompt, and at the same time prudent, in
(162)
IN thp: state of Indiana.
checking and correcting any irregularities he observed in the man-
agement of ecclesiastical interests. A custom prevailed in many
of the congregations of having one or more laymen to aid the pas-
tor in providing and managing the temporalities of the churches.
Bishop Luers discovered that this custom, in several cases, led to
enroachments upon the rights of the pastor, and savored some-
what of lay trusteeism, which had been fruitful of such serious evils
in other dioceses. He resolved to arrest the evil at once. He
availed himself of the first retreat of the clergy, and of the synod
following it, to apply the correction. He was in the habit of hold-
ing a biennial retreat for the clergy; he now made arrangements for
hojding these spiritual exercises at the university of Notre Dame,
an accommodation which resulted in great advantage to the clergy
and diocese of Fort Wayne. He gav6 notice that the next retreat
would be held at the university of Notre Dame, on August i8th,
1863; its exercises were conducted by the gifted Father Smarius,
S. J., and after the retreat followed the diocesan synod. At this
assembly, Bishop Luers, in a few well-timed remarks, exposed the
evil he desired to correct; statutes were enacted for that purpose,
regulating the temporalities of the churches, the relations of the
clergy and laity to the temporalities, and defining the duties of all.
The result was the ultimate withdrawal of laymen from all control
over church temporalities, and the establishment of peace and
good understanding throughout the diocese.
Bishop Luers was distinguished for his devotion to the Holy
See. He had long desired to go in person to visit the shrme of.
the apostles, to inhale the religious and inspiring air of the Eternal
city, to manifest his loyalty to the vicar of Christ on earth, and
to receive the blessing of our Holy Father Pius IX. He had a
profound appreciation for the grand and symbolic services of the
church, and had ever endeavored to present them to his people,
in his own chaste but modest cathedral, with becoming beauty and
solemnity. To visit the grand basilicas of Rome became a cher-
ished object with him, and especially that mighty pile in which
the genius of religion became enshrined under the magic touch of
Michael Angelo, and in which,
(163>
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
From each carved nook and fretted bend,
Cornice and gallery seemed to send
Tones that with seraphs' hymns might blend.
He started upon his pilgrimage to Rome on the 2 2d of May,
1864, accompanied by his chaplain, Rev. A. Oechtering, leaving
the administration of his diocese in the hands of Father Benoit.
His European tour was most gratifying to him, and at the same
time most beneficial to his diocese. He visited Louvain, that old
Catholic monument of learning, and by his earnest appeals and
winning manners secured the services of four young Levites for the
diocese of Fort Wayne. At Rome he was received with great
kindness and affectionate regard by the Holy Father, who con-
ferred upon him a mark of his confidence and esteem, in empow-.
ering him to draw up a constitution and rules for the community
of the Sisters of the Holy Cross in America, as an independent
organization from the mother-house of the same congregation in
France. These good sisters had struggled through difficulties for
years; it was impossible for the superiors in France to understand
the position and requirements of the community in the young and
growing west, and nothing but embarrassment grew out of the
relation. The Holy See, after long but prudent delays, confided
their interests to Bishop Luers, who on his return, with the assist-
ance of Father Sorin, provincial of the Congregation of Priests of
the Holy Cross, apd of Mother Angela, superioress of the Sisters
of the Holy Cross, prepared a new constitution and rule for the
congregation in America. His work was approved by the Holy
See, and under their new institute the good Sisters have advanced
in prosperity and usefulness a hundred-fold.
Bishop Luers found in the Congregation of the Holy Cross,
with its priests, brothers and sisters, most valuable auxiliaries in
the great and good work he achieved for his diocese. He honored
and cherished these co-laborers with paternal affection and encour-
agement, and they, in their turn, enriched his diocese with the
fine university of Notre Dame, and took charge of eleven female
academies, an orphan asylum, six religious institutions, and forty
parish schools. Such has been the growth of the Congregation
{164)
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
of the Holy Cross in the diocese of Fort Wayne, that they have
been able to carry the blessings of their institute to many other
dioceses. They numbered at the time of Bishop Luers" death
twenty-one priests in the diocese, six scholastics, ninety-one pro-
fessed brothers, fifty-two novices and ten postulants"! Besides
these were the excellent Sisters of Providence, introduced at Fort
Wayne by Father Benoit, while it was embraced in the diocese of
Vincennes. The sisters established, under J^.ishop Luers the
. academy of St. Ignatius at LaFayette. Under Bishop Luers'
admmistration were also introduced into the diocese of Fort
Wayne the Sisters of the Precious Blood.
In his visitations of the diocese, and in his labors among his
Hock, Bishop Luers was untiring. He frequently went through
his diocese, visiting one town or village after another, instructing
the people, conferring confirmation and first communion after hav'^
ing first prepared the recipients of these sacraments in many
instances himself, hearing confessions, laying corner-stones of new
churches, dedicating and consecrating new temples of the faith
already finished, projecting and providing sites for other, founding
parish schools and placing them under the care of the brothers and
sisters of religious communities, and performing every work of the
holy ministry and every deed of christian charity. " In all these
labors he took pains to present the ceremonies of the church to
the public eye with imposing splendor and touching effect. He
preached frequently and with great impression upon his hearers
Although he commenced his studies late in life, it was remarked
of him that in his discourses he gave proof of a thoroughly trained
and educated intellect. The progress made by religion in his dio-
cese during his administration attests his zeal, his energv and his
labor. Fifty churches and ten chapels were erected in the dio-
cese of Fort Wayne during his episcopate, in addition to the
building of the cathedral, and six new churches were in the course
of erection at the time of his death. The whole number of the
clergy at the commencement of his administration was twenty; at
his death he left over twenty-one priests of religious orders forty-
eight secular priests and ten clerical students. Houses of charity
and education were multiplied, and the Catholic population of the
"(165)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
diocese was more than doubled during the thirteen years that he
governed it.
Bishop Luers was remarkable for his charity to the poor, and
to the orphans especially he was a provident father and most ten-
der and solicitous guardian. His heart was pierced with grief at
the sight of the many orphans who were left destitute by the Civil
war. Many of 'them were Catholics, and while the state felt
great sympathy for them, it was but too clear that their greatest
danger consisted in the public provision which was about to be
made for their support, and which, while it generously provided for
their temporal wants, would expose them to the greatest misfor-
tunes in eternity, the loss of their faith. Bishop Luers resolved to
devote himself to this good work with all the energy and zeal of
his character. He purchased a tract of land in the suburbs of
Fort Wayne in the spring of 1865, as the site of his orphan asy-
lum, and Father Benoit and his successor, the Rev. E. P. Wal-
ters, undertook to solicit subscriptions for the erection of the
necessary buildings. In the fall of 1865, a solemn jubilee was
proclaimed by Pope Pius IX, and among the conditions for gaining
the indulgence was that of bestowing alms upon some object of
•charity designated by the ordinary of the diocese. Bishop Luers
gladly availed himself of this opportunity, by designating the
orphan asylum as the object of their charity on this occasion. He
-addressed several eloquent and earnest pastorals to his flock on
this subject. Th^ following extracts from that which he issued
on the feast of the Assumption, 1866, will illustrate his zeal and
efforts in this good work.
" In our day, many sympathize as little with poor Jesus as did
the Jews of old, who only longed for a rich Messiah. They seek
Him to this day without finding Him, as Christ Himself told them.
The promises of God in regard to the poor are disregarded, because
the baneful vices of avarice and pride have taken possession of
their hearts, as was the case with the Jews and their imitators
in all ages. The spirit of religion and the love of neighbor
impelled our forefathers to erect magnificent churches, schools,
orphan asylums, hospitals, universities and other like institutions,
to give learned men and saints to the land. Within these institu-
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
tions men were trained for the object of their existence, and while
the Te Deum resounds within those time-honored walls, it is
re-echoed by the saints above, who erected those buildings."
Bishop Luers intended to commence the erection of the asy-
iiiin in the fall of 1866, but unavoidable delays occurred in carry-
ing out his plans. In the meantime he learned that a large tract
of land in Jasper county, affording a more suitable site for the
proposed establishment, was offered for sale. At the retreat of
the clergy held at the university of Notre Dame, in 1867, he
announced the proposed change of location to the pastors, who
cordially approved his views and pledged themselves to their sup-
port. Inmiediately after the close of the retreat. Bishop Luers
issued an admirable address on the subject of this cherished work,
from which the following extracts are taken:
Dearly IJclovfd 111 Christ; Tlu; number of orphans has lately increased to
such an extent, that the erection ot an asylum for them has become an imperative
riccessity. It is a holy duty, incumbent upon us all, to take care of the spiritual
and bodily wants of those who have no longer father and mother to do it for them,
and who like strangers now wander over God's wide earth imploring our pity,
mercy and love.
A year ago 1 purchased twenty-five acres of land adjoining this city, for the
j)urpose of building such an asylum upon it, but as yet it has not been commenced.
On this all-important matter I consulted with the clergy lately assembled in spirit-
ual re'treat at Notre Dame, and as building materials and labor are yet very high,
the building to be erected would cost from $30,000 to S85,000, which amount would
have to be on hand immediately. To obtain this seems to be a matter of impossi-
bility. It was therefore unanimously agreed to accept the favorable offer of the
Spiltcr farm at Rensselaer for $18,000.
This place contains 933 acres, 650 of which are under fence, 200 under culti-
vation, 200 wood, the balance prairie. There are on it two dwelling-houses, one of
which contains twelve rooms, affording accommodation for forty or fifty orphans.
Experience teaches us that not a few of those who have been raised in the
iisylums of our large cities, for want of suitable employment and from other una-
voidable causes, have not realized the expectations, considering the extraordinary
care and attention bestowed upon them. Here, upon the farm selected, the chil-
dren can have employment suitable to their age and strength, and growing up with
industrious habits, they can become men who will be an honor to the institution and
a source of con.solation to their benefactors.
Having purchased the farm. Bishop Luers appointed Rev.
George Steiner, Rev. J. Mayer, Rev. P. P. Cooney and Rev. E.
P. Walters to solicit contributions throughout the diocese, and to
prepare the building for the reception of the orphans. Rev.
"1T67)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
Joseph Stephan was placed in charge of the property and of the
immediate preparation for the orphans. The bishop struggled
through many discouragements. In September, 1868, he had the
happiness of seeing the Sisters of the Holy Cross welcoming to the
farm-houses thirty-five destitute orphans. Soon the number
increased to sixty. He gave a considerable portion of his time and
personal attention to the improvement of the farm, in seeing it fenced,
drained and cultivated. He used to mark out some special w^ork
for the children, and then superintended its performance. He took
part in their devotions and in their sports. He was ever a most
welcome visitor to the asylum, and his visits were hailed with joy
and announced by every tongue. He never allowed a Christmas
to pass without an appeal and collection in favor of the orphans.
After his death it was discovered that he had his life insured for
their benefit to the amount of $10,000.
His affection for his clergy has already been mentioned. He
felt a deep interest in all that concerned the priests of his diocese,
and especially in providing for their support in old age. He
earnestly favored the plan of providing for the support of aged
priests throughout the United States, and called the attention of
the second plenary council of Baltimore to this important subject.
In the absemce of any general provision on this point, he adopted a
plan for his own diocese, and encouraged the formation of the
Catholic Clerical Benevolent association of the diocese of Fort
Wayne.
Bishop Luers on many occasions became a champion and
defender of the faith, and silenced its assailants by his sermons and
lectures. On one occasion he was attacked by the secular press
for his advocacy of Catholic schools for Catholic children, his
remarks being grossly misrepresented. He replied in a card, from
which the following extract is taken:
"It is with me a matter of sincere regret that our non-Cath-
olic friends will not understand the Catholic position upon the
so-called public-school question. We do not object to Protest-
ants sending their children to the public schools, nor to their sup-
porting them by a tax or in any other way they may deem tit.
We have not the slightest intention of interfering with their exist-
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
ence. They may, perhaps, think they are well adapted to the
wants of those who patroni;^e them; but Catholic parents, who
realize the sacred obligations of preparing their children not only
for this life but for the life to come, prefer to see their children in
schools where religious instruction and moral discipline go hand in
hand with secular education. Many Catholics regard it a hard-
ship that they should be taxed to support a school system that
they do not and cannot approve; but in Indiana it is the creature
of the state constitution, and until that instrument is changed or
amended in this particular, Catholics, as law-abiding citizens,
must continue to bear their share of the burden, as well as assume
their share of the responsibility."
Bishop Luers attended the provincial councils of Cincinnati,
and sat in the second plenary council of Baltimore, which assem-
bled on the first Sunday of October, 1866. He was one of the
prelates excused from attending the general council of the Vatican,
1869. on account of the pressing necessities of his own diocese,
and in order that he might also exercise the functions of the epis-
copal office in favor of neighboring and other dioceses. During
its continuation he administered confirmation in almost every
county of three states, and holy orders in most of the ecclesiatical
seminaries. It was while rendering services in another diocese
that he was stricken down in death.
At the request of Very Rev. Edward Hannin, administrator
of the diocese of Cleveland. Bishop Luers went to that city, where
he arrived on the evening of June 28, 1871, to confer holy orders
on some of the ecclesiastical students of the seminary. On the
following morning hesaid mass at half past five, and then gave
minor orders to three seminarians and deaconship to another.
After breakfast he started on foot, satchel in hand, to take the
train for another diocese, where he was to perform a similar serv-
ice, intending to call on the way at the episcopal residence in
Cleveland. A carriage had been ordered to the seminary for him,
but, as he felt so well, he preferred walking. When within a few
rods fron\ the bishop's house, he fell, from apoplexy and the burst-
ing of a blood-vessel. Those who ran to his aid, perceiving that
he was an ecclesiastic, carried him to the bishop's house, where
"(169)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
he received absolution, extreme unction, and the last indulgence.
He expired in fifteen or twenty minutes after the fall.
His remains were carried, in a funeral train draped in mourn-
ing, from Cleveland to Fort Wayne, escorted by clergymen and
laymen from both dioceses. Other delegations joined the sad and
solemn funeral at various points on the way, and on arrival at Fort
Wa^'ne every honor which veneration, love and religion could sug-
gest was paid to his memory. A delegation from St. Joseph's
church, Cincinnati, went to pay their last tribute of love and grat-
itude to their former pastor. His funeral took place at the cathe-
<iral of Fort Wayne, on July 4, and was attended by Archbishop
Purcell, Bishops de St. Palais, O'Hara, Toebbe, McCloskey of
Louisville, and Borgess; by the Very Rev. Edward Hannin and by
a large concourse of the clergy and laity. Archbishop Purcell
delivered a glowing eulogy on the virtues and services of the
deceased. His remains were deposited in a vault immediately in
front of the altar, under the floor of the sanctuary in the cathedral.
The age of Bishop Luers was fifty-one years and nine months.
Very Rev. Joseph Dwenger, second bishop of the diocese
of Fort Wayne, was born in Auglaize county, Ohio, in 1837.
When about three years of age his father died; the mother then
moved to Cincinnati. The boy received his early education in
the schools of Holy Trinity church in that city. At the age of
twelve years the boy lost his mother, and he was cared for by Rev.
Andrew Kunkler, the provincial superior of the religious com-
munity known as the Congregation of the Precious Blood. With
these Fathers the boy completed his collegiate course, but in the
higher branches, theology and the accompanying studies, he grad-
uated at Mount St. Mary's provincial seminary, Cincinnati. He
was ordained to the priesthood for the community above named,
by Most Rev. Archbishop Purcell, at the early age of twenty-two
years, by papal dispensation of course, on the 4th of September,
1859. The young priest was immediately appointed professor and
director in the seminary of his order, a position which he held for
three years, and he also founded the new seminary at Carthagena,
in Mercer county, Ohio, which to this day is a flourishing institu-
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
tion. The young clergyman was next engaged in parochial work,
from which, after five years, he was called to a more difficult duty.
In 1866 Father Joseph, as he was then familiarly known,
accompanied Archbishop Purcell to the second plenary council of
Baltimore as the representative of the order to which he belonged,
and also in the capacity of theologian to the archbishop. From
1867 to 1872 Father Dwenger was exclusively occupied in preach-
ing missions throughout Ohio, Indiana and Kentucky. He also
held the office of secretary and consultant, in the meantime, in the
community of the Precious Blood. Upon the death of Bishop
Luers, Rev. Joseph Dwenger, at the age of thirty-four and a half
years, was appointed second bishop of Fort Wayne. He was con-
secrated for the exalted position, in the cathedral of Cincinnati, by
Archbishop Purcell, April 14, 1872, and without any delay took
charge of the diocese entrusted to him.
In 1874 Bishop Dwenger went to Europe with the first Amer-
ican pilgrimage, of which he was the acknowledged head. The
objective points of visits were Rome and Lourdes. In 1875 he
undertook the erection of an asylum in which he intended placing
-orphan boys, who, up to this time, had been cared for, together
with the orphan girls, at the orphanage at Rensselaer. He pro-
cured fifty acres of land adjoining the city of LaFayette, upon
which he erected a commodious four-story brick building, at a cost
of $30,000. The new asylum is called St. Joseph's orphan asy-
lum and manual labor school, and has an average of 1 10 boys;
ten Sisters of Charity and two Brothers have charge, under the
direction of a reverend chaplain. In 1879 the bishop appointed a
diocesan school board, selecting ten clergymen, to whom he gave
the supervision of matters pertaining to the parochial schools of
the diocese"! There is a president and secretary of the board,
though the bishop is ex-officio the superior officer. The diocese is
divided into seven school d streets, and all the schools in every dis-
trict are visited once a year and examined by one or more members
-of the board. A printed pamphlet of about 100 pages, containing
a report from all the schools, is annually submitted to the bishop.
This is known as the diocesan school report. This same S3'stem
^was afterward adopted by the provincial council of Cincinnati and by
"TTnj
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
the plenary council of Baltimore, and in its main features is estab-
lished ;'n many dioceses of the United States.
In 1883 the right reverend prelate paid his official visit to
Rome. During his absence Very Rev. J. Benoit was administrator
of the diocese. In 1884 Bishop Dwenger celebrated his silver
jubilee, the twenty-fifth anniversary of his ordination to the priest-
hood. All the priests of his diocese, and a number from other
parts, gathered in the cathedral to attend the ceremony. Rt. Rev.
Bishop Rademacher, of Nashville, preached on the occasion.
In November and December, 1884, the bishop attended the
third plenary council of Baltimore. Among the thirteen arch-
bishops and seventy prelates, he was the nineteenth bishop in point
of rank and seniority. The council lasted about six weeks. In
March of the following year, he left for Rome in the interest of the
late Baltimore council, as the representative of the American hier-
archy. The bishop spent seven months in the Eternal city. To
his indefatigable labors, and to his knowledge of affairs pertaining
to the church in America, are due to a great extent the sanction of
the college of cardinals, and the approbation of the Pope, of the
deliberations of the last council of Baltimore. During his stay in
Rome, the bishop was the guest of the North American college.
The 4th of July was at hand. The authorities of the college were
somewhat timid about hoisting the American colors in such close
proximity to the Ouirinal palace, almost in sight of King Humbert's
dwelling. But the bishop came to the fore, and as an American
citizen commanded the fiag to be sent to the top of the staff, amid
the joy and patriotic exuberance of all the students, who, though
beneath Italian skies, never forget their native America, nor allow
an occasion to pass without singing the jpraises of fair Columbia's-
shores.
In 1886 Bishop Dwenger carried out a long cherished plan of
erecting a suitable home for orphan girls. The asylum was built
on a twenty-five-acre plat of ground within the limits of the city of
Fort Wayne. A special notice is given this asylum in that part of
wj:k Jivot ed to the Catholic church in Fort Wayne.
Bishop Dwenger again went to Europe, in September, 1888,
on an official visit, and was in consultation with the cardinals, and
(T72r
JRT. REV. JOSEPH DWENGER.
(DECEASED.)
IN THE STATK OI' INDIANA.
also had private audience with Leo XIII. The immense debt that
rested upon the diocese when Bishop Dwenger took charge has
been canceled long since. Thousands upon thousands of dollars
passed through his hands in meeting demands that came upon him
in the earlier history of his regime; also thousands upon thousands,
again, were carefully expended in the erection of two commodious
orphan homes. Large ailiounts of money were placed at his dis-
posal during the years, but all found their way into channels that
provide bread for the needy, and charity for the homeless child.
The diocese over which Bishop Dwenger presided comprised
about one-half of the state of Indiana, being the northern portion,
and contained forty-four counties. At the time of his death there
were in his diocese 120 priests, 130 churches and twenty chapels,
beside one university, sixty-five schools and about 9,000 pupils;
two orphan a.sylums and five hospitals. During his administration
as bishop, Mgr. Dwenger conferred the order of priesthood upon
many young men. He had traveled over his entire diocese as a
rule once in every two years, sometimes oftener, either to admin-
ister confirmation and preach, to dedicate a church or perform
some other episcopal function. He was altogether a man of won-
derful energy and vitality and strength, but finally succumbed to
an attack of la grippe, and for nearly three years prior to his
death had transferred to his vicar-general. Rev. Joseph H.
Branmier, the more active duties of the bishopric. The lamented
death of Bishop Dwenger took place January 22, 1893. For
some months prior to his death the very reverend bishop had in
contemplation (and so provided in his will at the time) the appoint-
ment of the very Rev. Joseph Henry Brammer as his executor
and administrator of the diocese, and this office the latter worthily
filled from the date of the death of the late lamented bishop until
the installation of the Right Rev. Bishop Joseph Rademacher,
October 4, 1893.
At the funeral of Bishop Dwenger (January 27, 1893), the fol-
lowing distinguished prelates were present: Most Rev. William
Henry Elder, archbishop of Cincinnati; Most Rev. Frederic X.
Katzer, archbishop, Milwaukee; Rt. Rev. Joseph Rademacher,
bishop of Nashville; Rt. Rev. Henry Joseph Richter, bishop of
"(175)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
Grand Rapids; Rt. Rev. John S. Foley, bishop of Detroit; Rt.
Rev. Camillus P. Maes, bishop of Covington; Rt. Rev. John Jans-
sen, bishop of Belleville; Rt. Rev. Ignatius F. Horstmann, bishop
of Cleveland; also 175 priests. The relatives of the bishop, con-
sisting of Joseph Dvvenger, a nephew, Mr. and Mrs. J. B.
Speaker, of Cincinnati, cousins, and. a few others were seated in
the ordinary pews.
At the hour of <S:45 ^^1 the reverend clergy assembled in the
sacristy of the cathedral, and, after vesting, proceeded to the
sanctuary and began the ceremony known as the office of the dead.
This impressive right consists of that part of the Roman breviary
which is said only for the repose of the soul of some one of the
clergy. The hebdomadaries were the Very Rev. A. B. Oechtering
and Rev. L. A. Moench. The bishops, eight in number, wore
their miters, which are always used for ceremonials of this nature.
The vestments of the priests were also those used on such occa-
sions. Immediately after the conclusion of the office of the dead,
the pontificate requeim mass was begun. The huge organ poured
forth its solemn strain of Wilt's masterpiece, and the choir re-
sponded, as the celebrant, the .Most Rev. William Henry Elder,
D. D.. began the intonation of the mass. The archbishop's assist-
ants were as follows: Assistant priest, the \'ery Rev. J. H. Bram-
mer; deacon of the mass. Rev. John Bleckmann; sub-deacon of
mass, the Rev. John R. Ouinlan; first master of ceremonies, the
Rev. John R. Dinnen; second master of ceremonies, Rev. W. J.
Ouinlan.
The elevation of the host was particularly impressive, all the
uniformed knights kneeling upon their swords. At the conclusion
of the mass, the archbishop took his seat upon the throne, opposite
and to the right of that of the late bishop. The sermon was deliv-
ered from the heavily draped pulpit by the Most Rev. Bishop Rad-
emacher, of Nashville, Tenn. He had been a life-long friend and
was probably nearest to him of all the other prelates. He said:
" I am requested to announce that cm to-morrow there will be an
anniversary re(|uiem mass said in this cathedral for the late Mgr.
Benoit." Bishop Rademacher then read the ninth chapter of
Maccabees, choosing for the te.xt of his eulogy the sentence, " How
(iW
IN THE STATK OF INDIANA.
is the iiii};lity man fallen that saved the people of Israel." He
continued:
Kight years ago in tliis cathedral a scene was enacted very similar to tlj.-
occasion for wliicli we are now officiating. Then, as now, the remains of a prelate
the good Mgr. Benoit, liuilder of this house of (iod, the earnest pioneer mission-
ary—were conveyed to their last resting place beneath the sanctuary. Before the
commimion rail upon that occasion, uttering the words of light in the midst of his
people, and proud in manly vigor, you all remember the scene, how your beloved
Bishop Dwenger announced a most touching eulogy and deplored the loss of the
good Father about to be laid at rest in the tomb. Now we have again been called
to mourn the loss of one whose tongue was as elocjuent as any heard, whose heart
was so true, so gentle, so tender, and so noble that we are again reminded " How is
the mighty man fallen that saved the peojjle of Israel."
H the Israelites had cause to mourn the loss of their mighty leader in the olil
law, how much more have we of the new law to mourn the loss of our beloved
bisho)), for no ties are so tender as that siiiritual union which unites the heart of a
. i.rie.st to his people. And as the ties which bind the bishop to his people are higher
than tlu)se of a priest by virtue of his great responsibility, therefore we have
more reasons to mourn and exclaim " How is the mighty man fallen that saved the
people of Israel."
He was your bishop, he was your father, he was your spiritual adviser; he
was your spiritual wall of protection against every enemy. He is now no longer;
and although cut down in the prime of life, we have reason to rejoice, for the words
of our te.xt serve to edify the memory of his life and bid us draw a lesson from his
illustrious example and to ever cherish his memory.
Bishop Rademacher then gave a brief sketch of the hfe of the
deceased, telling of his parentage, who, he said, were poor in
worldly goods, but were rich in Christian virtues. He concluded
his sermon with the following eloquent words:
Bishop Dwenger was cast by nature in a grand mohl. He was a j.erfect
specimen of manhood. His powers of endurement were wonderful. His capacity
for hard work was enormous. His strong faith was an index of a mind clear and
logical and his memory was prodigious aftd his will was strong and unbending,
when he knew it to be directed for the right. His heart was as pure as gold and
as noble and generous as the world is wide. His love of country was great, not-
withstanding it had been said to the contrary. He was accustomed to say, in
speaking of himself, that he was born under an oak tree and his love of his native
America was as deep-rooted as the roots of the sturdy oak. His work for the
lambs (the orphans) of his flock alone is a monument which should forever keep
his memory fresh in the hearts of the people. He had an open eye and a tender
hand for every need of the diocese over which he ruled. He was an advocate and
chamiiion of the education of the children, and the perfection of the schools under
his charge was his constant aim.
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
Three years agi) he was stricken with hi Krii)i)e, and the long months of
■suffering which followed as the disease developed other complications brought
him closer to the foot of the cross to suffer, as did our dear Lord, the coronation
of the bitter crown of thorns. He once said to me " I know that God is good, be-
cause He has sent this to me. 1 know that He is merciful to me now, because He
makes me suffer;" as gold is cleansed and luiritied by fire, so has he been pre-
pared for his reward. We mourn, but yet have reasons to rejoice. Think often
of liis example. Keep green his memory. Pray for his soul that he may soon be
admitted to his reward. Amen.
The following members of the Episcopac}', who were to offici-
ate as pall bearers, disposed themselves about the casket: \'er}-
Rev. E. P. Walters, V'ery Rev. M. E. Campion, Very Rev. A. B.
Oechtering, Very Rev. B. Kroeger, Very Rev. D. Duehmig, Very
Rev. J. Decks. Rev. J. H. Hueser, Rev. J. H. Oechtering, Rev.
B. Weidau, Rev. H. Meissner, Rev. H. Koehne and Rev. E.
Koenig. The remains were then conveyed into the sanctuary, to
the vault, and carefully lowered to their last resting place with
great solemnity. Bishop Dwenger was loved in every part of his
diocese. He was in many respects a wonderful man. A well
known banker of Fort Wayne remarked recently that the late
bishop was the greatest financier he had ever known, yet he was not
great alone in temporal matters, but in the spiritual. The numer-
ous charitable institutions founded by him will always remain a
monument to his memor}'.
(178)
IN THK STATE OF INDIANA.
CHAFTER XI.
THE PRESENT BISHOP OF FORT WAYNE THE RIGHT REVEREND
JOSEPH RADEMACHER, U. D. — HIS ADMIRABLE ADMINISTRATION.
THE Right Rev. Joseph Rademacher, D. D., third bishop of
Fort Wayne, was born on December 3, 1840, in Westphaha,
Clinton county, Mich. In 1855 his parents sent him to St. Vin-
cent's college, near Latrobe, Pa., a famous institution of learning
in charge of the Benedictine order, where he completed his clas-
sical and philosophical course, and entered upon the study of the-
ology. He completed the latter discipline in St. Michael's semi-
nary at Pittsburg, Pa. Becoming affiliated with the diocese of
Fort Wayne, he was promoted to the priesthood on August2, 1863,
by Rt. Rev. Bishop Luers.
His first charge was the village of Attica, Fountain county,
Ind., together with a number of missions in the adjoining counties.
After laboring there with signal success for six years, he was trans-
ferred to Columbia City. Soon, however, his sterling qualities of
mind and heart won for him from Bishop Dwenger the well mer-
ited promotion to the important parish of St. Mary's in the epis-
copal city and the office of diocesan chancelor. In June, 1880,
he was appointed pastor of St. Mary's church, LaFayette, to
further the interests of that large and important congregation.
The Nashville, Tenn., diocese having been left without a
bishop after the translation of the Rt. Rev. Bishop Feehan to
Chicago, in April, 1883, Father Joseph Rademacher was appointed
to that see, and consecrated bishop of Nashville on June 24, of
that year. His administration of that see was a singularly success-
ful one, and he added materially to the equipment of his diocese.
Dr. Rademacher was one of the two American prelates, who, in
1889, went on the pilgrimage to Palestine, and he was the only
11
(181)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
bishop who accompanied the pilgrims through the whole journey,
the other prelate, Dr. Wigger, of Newark, N. J., falling sick at
Rome and being obliged to discontinue the pilgrimage. After his
return Bishop Rademacher continued his administration of the
diocese with renewed vigor, until, on July 13, 1893, Pope Leo
XIII appointed him to Fort Wayne, Bishop Dwenger having been
called to his reward on January 22 of the same year.
His installation in the catnedral of Fort Wayne on the even-
ing of October 4, 1893, w^as a demonstration ever memorable in
the annals of the city. The entire population seemed to have
turned out to welcome the prelate, who had endeared himself to
all during his former residence among them.
It was 7:50 o'clock, p. M., when the special train arrived at
the south depot. A great crowd of people had assembled; red fire
and other fire works added to the animation. Uniformed Knights
kept back the crowd at the depot and allowed the guests to reach
their carriages. The carriages soon formed at the head of the pro-
cession of uniformed and non-uniformed Catholic societies which
awaited the arrival of the bishop, and the parade then moved
toward the cathedral in the following order: City band, committee
on reception, Wayne commandery, C. B. L. , Indiana Command-
ery, C. B. L., Emmett commandery, C. B. L. , St. Julian council,
C. B. L., A. O. H., and clergymen in carriages.
At the cathedral steps a great throng was encountered. Over the
doorway the word " Welcome " had been formed from hundreds of
flashing electric light bulbs and just beneath hung a red cross in
living light. As the carriage conveying the bishop and archbishop
drove up, Father Brammer and other clergymen came down the
steps from w^ithin the cathedral. In his purple robes Bishop Rad-
emacher, accompanied by Archbishop Elder, halted at the steps,
where the bishop was addressed by Father Brammer, who
extended a most hearty welcome on behalf of the clergy at Fort
Wayne. " Ever since the death of Bishop Dwenger." said Father
Brammer, " it has been the earnest wish of every Catholic of this
diocese that you would be chosen bishop. For this reason, and
because we love and respect you, our welcome is all the heartier."
Attorney William P. Breen then stepped forward, and on
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
behalf of the laity addressed the bishop. Among other things, he
said:
Vou come no stranger to the threshold of Fort Wayne's cathedral. You
have adorned its altar and graced its pulpit in years gone by. As a distinguished,
learned priest, it was once your cathedral, and when exalted to the episcopal dig-
nity we always thought that this sacred place, the enduring and beauteous monu-
iiunt of Bishops Luers and Dwenger, had for you an attractive aspect.
The wisdom of Divine Providence enlightened the deliberations of the pro-
vincial council and illumined the action of the Holy See in your preferment to this
see, and we are profoundly grateful to your distinguished episcopal proteges of
the province of Cincinnati for your choice. Ten years of the purple, under the
trial, labors and honors of another diocese, attest your j)<)ssession in an eminent
degree of the parts which make the American Catholic bishop. The dio ese of
Fort Wayne has taken no backward step, but holds rank with the leading sees of
this country. And while the papt rs may have been premature in the announce-
ment of the erection of the archdiocese of Fort Wayne, we have faith enough in
your ability to believe that the great state- of Indiana shall soon possess a Catholic
archdiocese and that you shall be its tir.st archbishop. In the tirm assurance that
your success in Nashville is an earnest and a promise of the success and honor
which shall surely follow your episcopal endeavors here, we extend to you the
broad, deep welcome of the Catholic heart of your diocese of Fort Wayne.
Bi.shop Rademacher bowed his acknowledgments and passed
on into the cathedral. After the singing of the Ecce Sacerdos and
brief services at the altar, Bishop Rademacher ascended the pulpit.
Among other things he said:
I netd not assure you of my warm appreciation of the welcome which you
have accorded me, despite the inclement weather. Yours is an ardor which no
rain can quench. Yours is an enthusiasm which no water can dampen Yours
has been a magnificent demonstration of faith, and I accejit the welcome as a guar-
antee upon the part of the clergy and laity. I earnestly ask for your prayers, not
only at this time, but in years to come, that I may faithfully perform the duties of
my high oftice in a manner befitting the glory of our faith In conclusion I cannot
but allude briefly to the good people of the "Sunny South" from whom I have just
parted. Theirs are warm hearts, and my ten years' service in their midst were
years of joy. Yet I am glad to be among you here in Fort^Wayne, for it was my
home before I left for other fields.
After benediction and the singing Te Deum the congregation
was dismissed and the visiting clergy were assigned to the episco-
pal residence, Wayne and Rich hotels.
At 9:30 o'clock, October 4th, the cathedral was crowded and
a few moments later all the visiting clergy entered the sanctuary
and the ceremony attending the installation and pontifical mass
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
was begun. The officers of the mass were as follows: Celebrant,
Rt. Rev. Joseph Rademacher, D. D. ; assistant priest, \'ery Rev.
Joseph Brammer; deacons of honor, Very Rev. E. P. Walters and
Rev, E. Koenig; deacon of mass, Rev. John R. Ouinlan; sub-deacon
of mass. Rev. C. B. Guendling; master of ceremonies, Rev. W. J.
Quinlan; chaplains to Archbishop Elder, Very Rev. Provincial
Corby, C. S. C. , and Very Rev. A. B. Oechtering.
The installation having been announced by Father Brammer,
the mandatum, or bull, of Leo XIII, appointing Bishop Rade-
macher to be bishop of the diocese of Fort Wayne was read by
Rev. J. H. Hueser, D. D., of Huntington. The document was read
in the language in which it was written — Latin. The bishop was
then escorted to the throne at the left of the altar, where Arch-
bishop Elder bestowed the customary kiss on each cheek. This
was followed by the kneeling of each priest in turn at the feet of
the new bishop in token of submission. The bishop having already
been consecrated at Nashville, the installation ceremonies were
brief, but nevertheless very impressive. After this ceremony was
concluded the bishop was clothed in the proper vestments and
began the mass, intoning in a clear, strong and beautiful voice,
which bespoke perfect health and physical strength. Wiegand's
mass in honor of St. Patrick was sung, and the Veni Creator was
a fine tenor solo by Adolph Schulte. The offertory selection was
a baritone by Messrs. Weber and Bensman.
Rt. Rev. Bishop Foley, of Detroit, delivered the sermon,
which was a masterpiece of elocjuence. He chose his text from
St. John, chapter sixteen, verse fifteen, beginning. " You have not
chosen me, but I you. Go forth, therefore, into the world, teaching
all men in my name, for lo, I am with you even unto the consum-
mation of the world." Bishop Foley then said "Christ came
down from Heaven to fulfill the will of His father. The prophets
and the patriarchs of ages before his coming pointed the advent of
our Blessed Redeemer, who was to come for the salvation of man."
Continuing, he spoke of the early history of the church, and how
it had been founded by St. Peter, the first Pope, who was the most
beloved of the disciples of Christ. The speaker then elaborated
upon the admirable government of the great Catholic hierarchy, and
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
said that had it never been founded and nurtured by the Divine
will it could never have stood the shocks and storms of two thou-
sand years. To-day the church is flourishing and powerful and the
Rock of Peter was as solid as it was when the promise was made
to the first Pope, "Thou art Peter, and upon this rock f will
build my church and the gates of hell shall not prevail against
her." Concluding, Bishop Foley paid a glowing tribute to Bishop
Rademacher, paying him as high a compliment as it was possible
for one distinguished prelate to pay another of equal rank.
After the mass. Archbishop Elder made a strong but brief
address, congratulating the congregation upon the fortunate choice
of their bishop, and saying that, while all this ceremony was emi-
nently fitting, yet each individual who seeks salvation must be the
great factor of his or her own salvation. The archbishop was fol-
lowed by Bishop Rademacher, who said he had to repeat the
sentiment uttered by him last night and again thank his many
friends for their warm welcome. After the congregation had been
dismissed, the clergymen attended a banquet served in Library
hall in their honor.
The following distinguished divines were present: Archbishop
Katzer, of Milwaukee; Archbishop Elder, of Cincinnati; Bishops
Maes, of Covington, Ky. ; Watterson, of Columbus; Foley, of
Detroit; Horstmann, of Cleveland; McClosky, of Louisville; Rich-
ter, of Grand Rapids; Janssens, of Belleville, 111. ; Mgrs. Thorpe, \'.
G., and Joos, V. (j., of Detroit, and Windhorst, of Chillicothe,
Ohio; V. G. Scheideler, of Indianapolis; J. C. Albrinck, of Cincin-
nati; G. F. Houck, chancelor of the diocese of Cleveland; Peter
Alstotaetter, provincial of the Franciscian order; W. Corby, pro-
vincial of the Holy Cross; Henry Brees, provincial of the order of
Precious Blood; Rev. Father Abelen, of Milwaukee; Frank Reilly,
of Milwaukee; Constantine Maujay, of Ellsworth, Kas. ; Frank
O'Brien, of Kalamazoo; Patrick Gleason, of Nashville, Tenn.,
administrator of the diocese which Bishop Rademacher had
just left.
Other priests were Rev. Fathers F. C. Weichmann, W. C.
Miller, J. H. Guendling, John B. Morris, A. E. N. Ellering (Colum-
bia City, Ind.), Charles Lempers, J. Gillen, P. Johannes, C. S. C. ;
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
Frank J. Baumgartner, Thomas Buyse, B. J. Spillard, A. Morris-
sey, N. J. Stoffel, J. W. Clark, S. Czyzewski, Joseph H. Kroll,
John Crawley, J. J. Voght. H. Koehne, C. V. Stetter, D. D. ; F.
Lordemann, L. M. Miller, .Lucas Gottleschoed, William Berg, B.
Biegel, J. B. Berg, Joseph Flach, M. Zumbuelte, A. J. Kroeger,
\V. J. McGaskey, John R. Dinnen, P. F. Roche, M. E. Campion,
J. C. Abbott, George D. Murphy, M. J. Clifford, P. Louis Haas,
Robert Vizwiz, A. M. Quatmann, H. Meissner, John Bleckmann,
E. Gazzo. J. M. Toohey, A. B. Oechtering, F. Koerdt, L. A.
Moench, J. Kemper, Thomas Vagnier, J. Jessing, T. R. Thayer,
D. Duehmig, F. Ege. G. N. Kelly, John H. Bathe. John Crogan,
E. Boccard, D. J. Mulcahy, R. J. Crosson, E. P. Walters, John
Dempsey, A. Henneberger, W. J. Decker, Stephan Trout, K.
Kobylinski, Charles Becker and F. Reilly.
All over the world the responsibilities of Catholic bishops are
very great, and, therefore, the best gifted men are required for the
position. This is much more the case in a country of the highest
civilization; in a country whose people consist of the various ele-
ments of all nations; in a country comparatively new, where new
churches, schools, pastoral residences, hospitals and asylums have
to be erected, and where there are no permanent funds, established
centuries ago, for the support of the bishops, priests and teachers
of parochial schools.
If the bishops, John Henry Luers and Joseph Dwenger, nobly
have laid the foundation for building up the diocese of Fort Wayne
under circumstances which called for the most energetic zeal and
practical talent, Rt. Rev. Joseph Rademacher is just the right man
to finish the work so skilfully commenced and to bring it to such
a perfection that his successors will have a comparatively easy
task to keep it in good condition.
To summarize: Bishop Rademacher has been in practical serv-
ice for nearly a quarter of a century. As the saying goes: " He
went through the mill " and is thoroughly acquainted with the
spiritual and temporal affairs of parishes and missions.
Bishop Luers knew his sterling qualities and confided to the
newly ordained priest thirteen missions at once, and later on. in
(186)
IX THE STATE OF INDIANA.
recognition of his extraordinary and onerous labors, promoted him
to an easier parish in Columbia City.
Bishop Dvvenger, who had been his fellow-student in Cincin-
nati, remembering his /,ea.\, charity and modesty, felt it to be his
duty to give him in succession the then largest parishes of the
diocese — St. Mary's, Fort Wayne, and LaFayette; and, deeming
him worthy of the dignity of a bishop, recommended him to the
vacant see at Nashville, Tenn.
When Bishop Dwenger went to his reward, both the bishops
of the Cincinnati province and the clergy of the Fort Wayne dio-
cese felt anxious to have him appointed bishop over that diocese
where his labors in the Lord's vineyard had been so successful and
where thousands of people carried his beloved name in their heart.
Vox populi, vox Dei: the voice of the people//'<?^^<;v/ to be the voice
of God. During the famous world's fair he was sent north to Fort
Wayne. Nashville's loss became Fort Wayne's gain.
In this northern diocese of Indiana great changes just then had
taken place. The discovery of natural gas in the south of the
diocese and the growth of Chicago south almost into Lake, county,
had created new cities and brought new elements of numerous
different people into these sections of the state. New problems
had forced themselves on the new bishop, but he fully proved him-
self to be master of the situation and selected the right men for the
right places, filling the vacancies also with the proper persons. No
place has been neglected. All over the diocese the very smallest
missions have received their necessary aid. The bishop never
spares himself; he visits every parish, every school, nay, even when
utterly fatigued, sacrifices himself to attend literary, musical and
dramatic exercises of the children or students, in order to encour-
age them in all the branches of a solid, universal and perfect edu-
cation. His aim is to bring children and people to the highest
standard of civilization here on earth, in the country of which he
is a native and to which he seeks to endear all the various elements
under his jurisdiction, and, by good government, kind words and
edifying example, to lead the souls under his paternal care to the
everlasting happiness of heaven. He is charity and meekness per-
sonified.
A HISTORY OF CATHOLicifY
To secure the assistance of his priests in his noble undertak-
ings, he treats them with the greatest impartiahty as well as with
exceedingly great kindness, acting more like a father than a ruler.
When the enormous amount of his diocesan labor is considered,
such as holy confirmation given to over one hundred parishes
within every two years, the ordination of priests, the dedication of
churches and cemeteries, etc., it appears like heroism for the
bishop to spend whole hours in succession in the confessional as a
common priest when occasions present themselves, or to hasten to
parishes of sick priests, and, in order that their people may not
have to forego the fruits of the Holy Sacrifice, render himself their
substitute by performing the parish services.
His zeal for the honor and glory of God knows no bounds.
He has succeeded in remodeling the cathedral most beautifully, at
the expense of $75,000. x\nd as the God-Man, who triumphantly
entered the city of Jerusalem on Palm Sunday vouchsafed to dwell
in the poor stable of Bethlehem, so the bishop urges all his par-
ishes, even the very poorest ones, to provide for such altars and
vestments, and other religious articles, as are becoming the majesty
of the Savior. To unite the faithful under his charge in the bond
of genuine piety and charity, he has recommended and favored the
establishment and increase of the various sodalities and societies
approved by the church. Hospitals and orphanages enjoy his
tender care. No branch of human ailment, be it corporal or
spiritual, has been overlooked. He has become all to all.
As all love him, all, undoubtedly, will pray for a long, long
preservation of his beautiful life.
Bishop Rademacher is a man of superior education, not only
well versed in Biblical but also in secular history. His charity and
benevolence have frequently brought needed help to the poor and
distressed, and among all classes of people and all denominations
he is highly regarded.
In his own church, the piety erudition and innate spirituality
of Bishop Rademacher have been the occasion of many of the
advanced clergy selecting him as their personal spiritual guide,
director and counselor, and all these, or nearly all, owe to his judi-
cious advice their ability for the accomplishment of the progress
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IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
they have made in the purification of their own minds and hearts
and the refiex condition which has enabled them to bear up against
worldly temptations and the trials and asperities of the flesh, and
to sacrifice their own comfort to the welfare of the flocks over
whom they have been called upon to preside, and to the good work
of the church, in the erection of school-houses and temples of
worship, the gathering together of the young in the parochial
schools and the cure of souls in missions barren of sanctified influ-
ences, the holding together of those who have tempted to wan-
der from the true faith, and to fortify themselves by abstinence
and lives of austerity for the holy offices to which they have
devoted their lives. All this and more, Bishop Rademacher has
done, and all this and more he will do; but, of all his good and
arduous work, this may be considered the chief.
(189)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
CHAPTER XII.
THE DECEASED VICARS-GENEKAL OF FORT WAYNE DIOCESE JULIAN
BENOIT — JOSEPH HENRY BRAMMER.
THE Right Rev. Monsignor Julian Benoit, \'. G., was born at
Septmoncel, in France, on the 17th of October, 1808. At an
early age he was sent to St. Claude, the episcopal city, to enter
college. He remained there from his eighth to his sixteenth year,
when he began to study philosophy in the seminary of Vaud. Scarce
seventeen years old, he began the study of theology in the seminary
of Orgelet. Having completed his theological course and not as
yet having attained the required age for ordination, he taught for
one year in the preparatory seminary of Nozeroy. Thence he went
to Lyons, where he taught for four years and wrote for a leading
journal of that city. There he also received the sacred orders of
subdeacon and deacon.
*
About the close of his fourth year as college professor, the
Right Rev. Simon Gabriel Brute, bishop of Vincennes, Ind., came
to Lyons in the interest of his diocese and made the acquaintance
of the young deacon, Benoit. The latter was greatly impressed
with the American bishop's saintly life and offered himself to serve
in his diocese. He was accepted, and after the necessary permis-
sion was obtained from his own bishop, he was soon on his way
westward. He sailed on the ist of June, 1836. After a long and
tedious voyage of fifty-two days he reached New York, and pro-
ceeded thence to St. Mary's seminary, Baltimore. He was ordained
priest by Bishop Brute in the seminary of Mount St. Mary's,
Emmittsburg, Md.
On the day after his ordination the new church at Frederick,
Md., was dedicated. There were a great many distinguished prel-
ates and other notable ecclesiastics present on that occasion, with
(TooT
RT. REV. JULIAN BENOIT, V. G.
(DECEAS ED.)
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
all of whom the young priest became acquainted. After the dedi-
catory services had been performed with the usual ceremonies,
Bishops Brute. Purcell, Father Reynolds, then pastor of the church
in Louisville, and later bishop of Charleston, S. C. , and Father
Benoit started on their journey over the mountains by stage to
Wheeling, where they embarked on the Ohio river for Cincinnati.
After a sojourn there of three days, the journey was continued to
Vincennes, which was Bishop Brute's residence.
Father Benoit was at once appointed pastor of the village of
Leopold, near Evansville, and as the Wabash & Erie canal was
then being constructed, he was also to look after the spiritual
wants of the laborers on these public works. After a time on this
mission, he was sent to Rome, on the Ohio river, where he re-
mained one year, after which he was sent to Chicago, 111. , as assistant
to the pastor. Father O'Meara. From Chicago he attended Lock-
port, Joliet, and several other canal towns. Then he was recalled
and sent to his first mission, I^eopold. After three and one-half
years of labor in these missions, for which time he had received the
munificent salary of sixty-three dollars, he was sent to Fort Wayne,
where he arrived April i6. 1840.
The remnants of the old fort, Wayne, still stood when Father
Benoit arrived in the town of that name. The old council house
of the Miami Indians remained; it stood on East Main street, a lit-
tle west of the fort. The place was frequented by the Miainis,
who lived in northern Indiana, about Fort Wayne, Huntington,
and Peru. They had a war-chief and a peace-chief. The name
of the first was Godfrey, who died in 1840, just previous to Father
Benoit's arrival in Fort Wayne. The name of the peace-chief was
John B. de Richardville. He died in the fall of 184 1. He was
noted for his shrewdness, both among his own people and the
whites.
At Fort Wayne Father Benoit found a frame church, rudely
built, not plastered, with rough boards for benches. The dimen-
sions of the building were 35 X65 feet, and a debt rested on it of
$4,367. Half the present cathedral square had been purchased for
the church, but had not been paid for. In the course of time,
under the management of Father Benoit, the other half of the
"(193)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
square was secured, and the whole block paid for. During the first
six months of his residence in Fort Wayne, Father Benoit boarded
with Francis Comparet, after which time he rented a small frame
building and began his own housekeeping.
At this time his missionary work extended from Fort Wayne
and vicinity to Academy, Besancon, Hesse Cassel, New Haven,
Decatur, LaGro, Huntington, Columbia City, Warsaw, Rome City,
Lima, Girardot and Avilla, with sick calls as far as Muncie. It
should be borne in mind that the only way then to reach these
places, except a few canal towns, was on horseback. Help was
sent him, as the labor was too great for one priest, and his first
assistant was Father Hamion, who died in 1842. The next was
Father Rudolph, who came with Father Benoit from Europe in
the fall of the same year. Father Benoit had started for France
in 1841.
Father Rudolph remained with Father Benoit at Fort Wayne
about three years. Then he was sent to the southern part of Indi-
ana, where he became the founder of the famous Sisters' convent
and church-buildings in Oldenburg, Franklm county.
The canal between Fort Wayne and LaFayette was begun in
1835. In 1840 it was continued to ths Ohio boundary. Fever was
prevalent among the laborers, and calls were frequent for the cler-
gy, who endured many hardships on these visits. Father Benoit
was twice asked by Bishop Purcell, of Cincinnati, to attend to the
spiritual wants of the Catholics at Defiance, in northern Ohio. He
represented to the bishop the great burden already upon him, but
on the request of Bishop Brute, to whom Bishop Purcell had ap-
plied, he cheerfully added the new charge to his already numerous
duties.
In 1845, Father Benoit brought the Sisters of Providence from
St. Mary's of the Woods, Vigo county, to Fort Wayne, to open a
school. Their humble beginning in the work which their benefac-
tor so happily planted has since grown to great magnitude. He
furnished their house completely, and helped them when it was en-
larged by a donation of $5,000. He also opened a school for boys,
in a shop on the corner of Clinton and Jefferson streets, where he
afterward built the present brick structure, as also the old episcopal
IN THE STATK Ol" INDIANA.
residence on Calhoun street, which afterward gave way to Library
hall — all out of his own funds. He also erected the present
episcopal dwelling, toward which the diocese contributed about
$2,000, whilst he expended about $14,000 upon it.
Father Benoit had made some prudent, and, in some instances,
rather venturesome investments and speculations in real estate
about the opening of the late Civil war. From these invest-
ments grew his handsome fortune, all of which he disposed of before
his death. To few only is it known what a large amount he gave in
secret charities. In one year he distributed nearly $2,000 to
deserving poor people who had made known their wants to him.
A short time before his death he gave to St. Joseph's hospital the
sum of $2,000, and live days before his demise he entrusted $400
to Father Brammer, to be expended by the St. Vincent de Paul
society for the poor of Fort Wayne.
•In 1848 the Indians received orders from the government to
leave their reservations about Fort Wayne and to go to the territory
of Kansas. They numbered about 800 and were led by Chief Lafon-
taine, whom, together with his wife and children, Father Benoit had
received into the church. The Indians, however, refused to leave
unless Father Benoit would go with them. But Bishop de la Hail-
andiere of Vincennes.then governing the diocese, refused to consent,
desiring that Father Benoit should not leave his congregation. Fin-
ally the government sent on some troops. The captain called on
Father Benoit and begged him to lead the Indians away peacefully;
♦' for, unless you go with them, " he said. " they will not go, and
I will be obliged to hunt them down like wild beasts and kill
them." Upon these representations Father Benoit secured the
services of Father Neyron, the only other survivor of .twenty-
two priests who came to Indiana when Father Benoit came,
and started for the west with the Indians. The tribe started
overland, in the summer of 1849, and Father Benoit went by
canal-boat to Cincinnati, thence on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers
to St. Louis, where he took stage for what is now Kansas City.
He finally reached the reservation marked out for the Indians by
the government, and stayed in the encampment about two weeks.
He returned home by stage the entire route, traveling day and
"095")
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
night for nine days in one continuous trip. Out of six persons in
the group he was the only one to endure the hardships of the jour-
ney without interrupting it.
Some time after his return to Fort Wayne Father Benoit was
visited by Father Badin, who remained with him for six months.
In 1853, Father Benoit obtained permission to go to New Orleans,
but returned after a short time. In i860 he visited that city again,
and this time remained about seven months. On both occasions
he preached the lenten sermons in the cathedral in his native
tongue. His visit on this last occasion was to solicit funds for the
building of the Fort Wayne cathedral. Just before leaving Fort
Wayne, he left $1,000 with. the building committee, Henry Baker,
Michael Hedekin, Morris Cody and Jacob Kintz, who, under his
directions, laid the foundations of the present cathedral. Together
with these gentlemen. Father Benoit, after his return from New
Orleans, began gathering a subscription for the new building. Dur-
ing the several months devoted to this work they raised a list of
$18,000, of which the sum of $4,000 was never paid. About the
time the building was completed, a fair was held which netted
$2,600. The building was begun in i860. The corner-stone was
was laid on Trinity Sunday by Right Rev. Bishop Luers, the ser-
mon being preached by Archbishop Purcell, of Cincinnati. The
first brick was laid on July loth. In the autumn of 1861 the stately
edifice was finished and dedicated. The architects were Father
Benoit and Thomas Lau, the latter also contracting for the car-
penter work. The brick work was done by James Silver. The
cost of the church, exclusive of pews, organ and altars, was
$54,000. From these statements can be gathered what credit is
due to Father Benoit in building the cathedral.
Father Benoit's first appointment as vicar-general was in 1852,
for the diocese of Vincennes. After the erection of the diocese of
Fort Wayne, Bishop Luers appointed him his vicar-general. Dur-
ing Bishop Luers' visit to Europe, in 1865, Father Benoit was
administrator of the diocese.
In the autumn of 1865, Father Benoit started on his second
visit to Europe, and was absent thirteen months, of which he
spent four and one-half months in Rome. He was a frequent vis-
(196r
IN THE STATE OI" INDIANA.
itor at the office of Cardinal Barnabo, with whom he transacted
business for different parts of France and America. Twice he was
received in [irivate audience by His Holiness, Pope Pius IX. Dur-
ing this visit, while sojourning in France, he was offered the posi-
tion of vicar-general of his native diocese of St. Claude, but he
preferred to return to the people whose language he had labored to
acquire and whose customs he had made his own in order to lead
souls to God.
In 1866, at the second plenary council of Baltimore, Father
Benoit acted as theologian of Bishop Luers. At this bishop's
death, he again became administrator of the diocese until the con-
secration of the new bishop. Right Rev. Joseph Dwenger, April
14, 1872. In 1874, he went to Europe as a member of the first
American pilgrimage, and was absent from May till September.
Rome, with her celebrated shrines and hallowed spots, was the
objective point of these pilgrims from the United States. On this
occasion. Father Benoit again visited the mountain home of his
boyhood days, but his father and mother were no longer among the
living. They died in 1852, ten years after his first visit to Europe.
Bishop Dwenger confirmed him in the office of vicar-general,
and in 1883, when the bishop made his official visit to Rome,
appointed him administrator of the diocese. Just previous to his
departure, Bishop Dwenger was waited on by the clergy of his
diocese, and asked to convey to the Holy Father their desire to see
Father Benoit invested with the purple and with the honors and
title of monsignor. The bishop told his clergy that such had
already been his own plan, heartily concurred in their wishes, and
stated that he would cheerfully present them to the Holy Father.
In accordance with this, a telegram from Rome to Father Benoit,
dated June 12, 1883, informed him of the honor bestowed on him,
and the papal brief was received shortly afterward. Translated
from the Latin, the brief reads as follows:
To our beloved son in Christ, Julian Benoit, \'icar-General of the diocese of
Fort Wayne: Beloved son, health and apostolic benediction. It ^s our custom to
honor ecclesiastics who seek not their own, but seek tlie thinj^s that are of Jesus
Christ, and to signify with a willing heart marks of pontifical benevolence to men
that fill their important and grave office in the church with zeal and prudence. It
is made known to us that you excel in these praiseworthy labors. 'I'herefore, we
"(197)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
have concluded to honor you with our particular good will, absolving you from any
ex-communication, interdict, or any other ecclesiastical censures in whatever man-
ner, or from whatever cause, incurred, if perchance such have been incurred.
In testimony whereof we, by our apostolic authority, hereby constitute you a
chaplain to ourself, or prelate of the papal household, and we place you on the
roll and among the number of such prelates. We grant you, therefore, beloved
son, permission to wear the purple and mantelletta, and to enjoy all the honors
and privileges, and indults, that are customarily enjoyed either from prescribed
right or from custom and use.
Given at St. Peter's, Rome, under the seal of the Fisherman's Ring, this
12th day of June, 1888, in the sixth year of our pontificate. Leo XIII, Pope.
It may be well to state here that it is an old formula of law
in the church, that no personal favor can be granted to any one by
the church, if that person should chance to be under censures.
Hence the expression of absolution from censures which invariably
precedes the grant of any honors, titles or dignity.
The ceremony of the now Right Rev. Monsignor Benoit's
investiture with the insignia of his new dignity took place in the
cathedral at Fort Wayne on the i6th of August, 1883. The fol-
lowing account taken from the Fort Wayne Sentinel of the date
just mentioned relates to this ceremony:
The very interesting ceremony of investing Very Rev. Father Benoit with
the purple, and conferring on him the title and dignity of Monsignor and prelate
of the papal household, took place at the cathedral this forenoon. The ceremonies
began at 9:30 and ended shortly after 11 a.m. The procession moved into the
the sanctuary in the following order: Cross bearers, acolytes, visiting clergy,
officers of the mass, Father Benoit, Right Rev. Bishop Rademacher, and the cele-
brant, Right Rev. Bishop Dwenger.
The ceremony began by the reading of the papal brief announcing the
appointment, which was read in Latin by Rev. J. F. Lang, the bishop's secretary.
This ended, the appointee read the profession of faith, after which the benediction
of the rochet, mantelletta and ring took place, then the investiture, after which
pontifical mass was begun.
The officers of the mass were as follows: Celebrant, Right Rev. Bishop
Dwenger: assistant priest. Rev. A. B. Oechtering, of Mishawaka; deacons of honor.
Rev. M. O'Reilly, of Valparaiso, and Rev. E. P. Walters, of La Fayette: deacon
and subdeacon of the mass. Rev. T. Wilken, of Decatur, and Rev. H. A. Boeckel-
mann; masters of ceremonies. Rev. J. H. Brammer and Rev. J. F. Lang.
Those present in the sanctuary, in addition to those already mentioned,
were Right Rev. Joseph Rademacher, bishop of Nashville; Right Rev. Julian
Benoit, the newly appointed Monsignor; Very Rev. E. Serin, superior general of
the order of Holy Cross, Notre Dame: Very Rev. A. Granger, C. S. C, provincial of
the same order, Notre Dame; Rev. T. E. Walsh, C. S. C, president of Notre Dame
university; Revs. L. A. Moench, Plymouth; F. C. Wiechmann, Warsaw; J. H.
(IMT
IN THE STATI-: OI" INDIANA.
(;iuii(llm,t;, LaFayetlc; I), ll(•il(^ O. S. !■ ., l.aFayette; C. Lemper, Attica; J. II.
Halhe, Wabash; H. Wiedaii, iNew Haven; C. Maujay, Fowler; II. .\I. Pla.ster, Cov-
inirton; I). DuehmiK, Avilla; F. G, Leiitz, Tipton; J. ( 'pliaus, New Corydon: li.
Roche, .Academy; (,'. .M. Romer, city; 15. Hartmann, Areola; F. Koerdt, Sheldon;
'1". Ilibhelen, lK)spital; T. liori;, Avilla; J. (2uinlan, Union City; W. Schmidt.
Muncie; J. H. Oechtering, city; J. K. Dinnen, Crawfordsville; M. F. Kelly, LaGro;
.\. .Messmann, city; T. \'agnier, Leo; H. Meissner. Pern, and E. Koenig, city.
All in all, the ceremony was not only grand, but of an edifying nature.
Everybody knows the Monsignor is happy over his new dignity and the feast of
the day. Congratulations poured in upon the new [)relate after the ceiremony all
the afternoon. The day is one long to be remembered in the history of Catholic-
ity in P^ort Wayne, and of the well merited honors conferred througli our right
reverend bishop by Leo .X 1 1 1 on Monsignor Benoit.
Earlier, even greater honors seemed in store for Father Benoit,
but he dechned them. When, in 1871. he learned to a certainty
that among the three names forwarded to Rome from which one
should be selected as the next bishop of Fort Wayne, his own was
strongly urged, he wrote to the Eternal city and presented his rea-
sons for not desiring the appointment. Among other things he
stated his advanced age, his feebleness and rapidly declining
strength, adding that the propaganda could spare itself much unnec-
essary work by overlooking his name in the case entirely; that he
could not under any circumstances consent to accept any such
position.
The only memorandum written by Father Benoit concerning
the early history of Fort Wayne Catholics is as follows:
The Jesuit missionaries that may have visited Fort Wayne when it was a
mere trading post have left here no record of their labors. The few Catholics that
resided here were visited for the first time on record, on the 1st of June, 1830, by
\ery Rev. Stephen Theodore Badin, the first ordained priest in the L'nited States.
He was then vicar-general of the dioceses of Bardstown, Ky., and Cincinnati, Ohio.
At that time (1880) the state of Indiana was within the limits of the diocese of
Bardstown, the bishop of which was the Right Rev. Benedict Joseph Flaget, con-
secrated November 4, 1810. His first coadjutor was Right Rev. John B. David,
consecrated bishop of Mauricastro, August 15, 1819; and his second coadjutor was
Right Rev. Guy Ignatius Chabrat, consecrated bishop of Bolivia, Ju'y 20, 1884;
whilst his third coadjutor was Right Rev. Martin John Spalding, consecrated Sep-
tember 10, 1848, bishop of Langone, after the see of Bardstown hati been trans-
ferred to the city of Louisville, in the same state of Kentuckv
The same V^ery Rev. Stephen Theodore Badin repeated his visits to Fort
Wayne in 1831, offered the holy sacrifice of the mass and preached in the residence
of Francis Comparet, and in 1832, when hi' jjerformed the functions of his ministrv
12
(199)
A HISTORY Op- CATHOLICITY
in the residence of John B. Bequette, whose wife is still living in Fort Wayne at
the present day.
The next priest who visited this city was Rev. Picot, then pastor of the
Catholics of \'incennes, Knox county, Ind., September 25, 1882 Then Very Rev.
Stephen Theodore Badin was again in Fort Wayne, December 25, 1882; Rev.
Boheme also in 1882; Very Rev. Stephen Theodore Badin in 1883 and 1834 Rev.
Simon P. Lalumiere, who died when pastor in Terre Haute, visited this place in
1835; Rev. Felix Matthew Ruff, in 1835: Rev. I. F. Terooren, in 1835. Rev. Father
Francis, stationed at Logansport, visited the Catholics of Fort Wayne in January,
February, May, June, July and August.
The first priest permanently appointed pastor of the Catholic congregation
of Fort Wayne was Rev Louis Muller, who took possession in August, 1836, and
remained until the 16th of April, 1840.
In 1835 Fort Wayne was visited by the saintly Right Rev. Simon Gabriel
Brute, first bishop of Vincennes In the beginning of 1840, Bishop Guynemere de
la Hailandiere, second bishop of Vincennes, appointed Rev. Julian Benoit pastor
of St Augustine's church, Fort Wayne, having to attend LaGro, Huntington, Col-
umbia City, Warsaw, Goshen, .Avilla, New France, New Haven, Besancon, Hesse-
Cassel and Decatur His first assistant was Rev. Joseph Hamion, a saintly young
priest, who died at Logansport in the early part of 1842. His second assistant was
Rev. Joseph Rudolph, who died in Oldenburg, Franklin county, after many years
of hard missionary .abors. His third assistant was Rev A Carius, who remained
but a short time. The fourth was Alphonse Munschina, who is pastor of Lanes-
ville, \'incennes diocese. The fifth was Rev. Edward Faller. Lender him the
German speaking part of St. Augustine's congregation built a church and school-
house, and that formed the first German-speaking congregation in Fort Wayne.
Rev. Edward Faller was the first pastor of the new church, placed under the
patronage of the mother of God and called St. Mary's. The division took p ace
in 1849.
Father Benoit, as he was lovingly continued to be called,
devoted himself to the duties of his position of vicar-general and
pastor of the cathedral with great zeal till November, 1884. Then
he complained of a severe pain in his left ear and in his throat.
He would not consent to have a physician called, even though the
pain became intense. On Bishop Dwenger's return from the
third plenary council, at Baltimore, the malady growing worse, the
bishop concluded to send for Dr. Dills, who came and examined
the ear, but found nothing wrong with it. E.xamining the throat,
however, he soon discovered that the venerable father was afflicted
with a disease that would end his days. On his second visit Dr.
Dills brought with him Drs. Woodworth and De Vilbess, and the
three pronounced the disease cancer of the throat. Father Benoit
was not slow to discover their diagnosis, and, with a calm and
(200r
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
deliberate spirit of resignation, he began to prepare for his final
dissolution. "Is Providence desires to take me by the throat,''
he jocosely remarked, " then God's will be done."
An altar was placed in his room, and for a few times he still
felt able to offer the holy sacrifice of the mass. Owing to the
weakness of his eyes he had received, some time in November, per-
mission from Rome to use the votive mass of the Blessed Virgin.
He said mass for the last time on Sunday, January ii, 1885. On
Friday morning, January 23d, the right reverend bishop offered
mass in the room of his saintly vicar-general. It was the last time
the latter ever assisted at the holy sacrifice. The evening preced-
ing, he was at tea with the episcopal household, and spent a half
hour with several of the visiting and home clergy in the bishop's
room. Then he returned to his own apartments, never in life to
leave them again. His sufferings fro.m this time increased, yet he
bore all with that calm resignation to God that is characteristic
only of a saintly soul schooled in virtue and abandonment to
God's will.
One of the Sisters of St. Joseph's hospital had been detailed
to attend Father Benoit, and she took care of the aged prelate
till he closed his eyes in death, scarcely allowing herself the few
hours of needed rest during the three weeks of her devoted minis-
trations. At five minutes after eight o'clock on Monday evening,
January 26, 1885, the household was called together and notified
of his fast approaching death. The Right Rev. Bishop Rade-
macher, of Nashville, Tenn., formerly the pastor of St. Mary's
church. Fort Wayne, had reached the house a few hours before.
With Bishop Dwenger, and the Rev. Fathers Koenig, Brammer,
Lang, Boeckelmann and Ellering, he entered the room. Kneelino-
about the bedside of the dying prelate were also a number of Sis-
ters, together with Mrs. Legraw and Miss Rousset. Bishop Rade-
macher read the commendatio anima, the others responding, whilst
Bishop Dwenger held the hands of the e.xpiring pioneer priest,
whose hands in turn clasped the crucifi.x. The last sacraments had
been administered to him at his own request, in the full enjoyment
of his mental faculties, by Rev. A. Messman, of St. Peter's church.
Thus passed from its earthly home the spirit of Julian Benoit, softly
(20 1
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
as the ripened fruit is detached from the parent bough. Yea, still
more gently and with better fragrance did the soul of Julian Benoit.
on the eve of his patron saint's feast, passed to fruition in its heav-
enl}' home.
A committee of arrangements was selected from the several
churches of the city to take charge of the remains. It consisted
of the following gentlemen: Cathedral — H. C. Graffe, C. F. Muh-
ler, I\. Baker, James Fox, E. F. Carry, K. W. T. De Wald, P. H.
Kane and W. P. Breen. St. Mary's church — H. C. Berghoff, J.
B. Monning. St. Paul's church — Joseph Fox. St. Peter's church
— George Jacoby. The cathedral was heavj]}' draped in mourning.
On Thursday morning at seven o'clock the casket, containing the
body of the dead prelate, robed in clerical vestments, was placed
in the center aisle.
All the da}', and deep into the night whilst the taper flickered
toward its socket and the four guards of honor, men selected from
the several city congregations, watched the hours away until others
relieved them, a stream of people came and went. They took a
last look upon the genial countenance, genial in death as it was in
life, a last look upon him who for nearly forty-five years had walked
among the people of Fort Wayne, the. model man, the honored
citizen, the pious priest, the servant of (iod.
On Friday morning, at nine o'clock, the great concourse of
clergy that had gathered assembled in the sanctuary recited the
" office of the dead."
At half-past nine the officers of the mass tiled into the sanc-
tuary. They were as follows: Celebrant, Rt. Rev. Joseph Rade-
macher, bishop of Nashville; assistant priest, Rev. A. B. Oechter-
ing, of Mishawaka; deacon. Rev. John Bleckmann, of Delphi; sub-
deacon, Rev. H. A. Boeckelinann; masters of ceremonies. Rev. J.
H. Brammerand Rev. John ¥. Lang. The following additional
clergy were in the sanctuary: Rt. Rev. Joseph Dwenger, bishop of
Fort Wayne, orator of the day; Rt. Rew H. J. Richter, bishop of
Grand Rapids; Monsignor A. Bessonies, vicar-general, Indianapo-
lis; Very Rev. A. Scheideler, vicar-general, Indianapolis; Very
Rev. C. J. Roche, vicar-general,- Grand Rapids; Very Rev. E.
Sorin, superior-general of the order of the Holy Cross, Notre Dame;
(202)
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
Revs. A. Messman, Fort Wayne; B. Roche, Academy; L. |. Le-
tourneau, Notre l)anie;T. Vagnicr, Leo; A. Young, Auburn; J.
Ouinlan, Union City; H. T. Wilken, Decatur; A. J. Kroeger,
Goshen; J. A. Twigg, LaFayette; C. Lemper, Attica; J. H. Hues-
er, D. I)., Huntington; J. R. Dinnen, CrawfordsviIle;'W. Schmidt,
Muncie; D. J. Mulcahy, Lebanon; J. Hoss, Monrceville; C. M.
Romer, Fort Wayne; F. X. Ege, Girardot; C. Maujay, Fowler; J.
A. Mark, Hesse Cassel; H. Meissner, Peru; M. F. Kelley, Kewan-
na; C. Nigsch, Winamac; H. F. J. Kroll, Chesterton; D. J. Hag-
erty. South Bend; L. A. Moench, Plymouth; M. P. Fallize, South
Bend; P. Johannes, South Bend; C. V. Stetter, D. D., Dyer; F. ■
Koerdt, Sheldon; F. G. Lentz, Tipton; B. Wiedau, New Haven;
P. Guethoff, Roanoke; A. Ellering, Warsaw; J. H. Oechtering,
Fort Wayne; H. A. Hellhake, Columbia City; J. H. Guendling,
LaFayette; J. H. Bathe, Wabash; P. F. Roche, LaGro; J. B.
Crawley, Laporte; M. Benzinger, Kendallville; T. ^L O'Leary,
Valparaiso; B. Hartmann, Areola; W. Kroeger, Elkhart; J. Demp-
sey, LaFayette; D. Heile, LaFayette; F. C. Wiechmann, Ander-
son; T. Hibbelen, St. Joseph's hospital, and Rev. F. Veniard,
Besancon. Attendants to Bishop Dwenger, Rev. E. Koenig, of
Fort Wayne, and Rev. M. O'Rielly, of Valparaiso.
The following clergymen were selected as pall bearers: Revs.
E. Audran, Jeffersonville; E. P. Walters, LaFayette; D. Dueh-
mig, Avilla; M. Zumbuelte, Rensselaer; B. Kroeger, Logansport;
A. Heitman, St. John. The following from among the laity acted
in the same capacity: H. C. Graffe, K. Baker, C. F. Muhler. Ed.
F. Carey, R. W. T. DeWald and Louis focquel.
In close pro.ximity to the casket, among others, were the ven-
erable Jesse L. Williams and F. P. Randall; Rev. S. A. Northrup,
of the First Baptist church; Judge O'Rourke, Drs. Dills and Din-
nen, Louis Peltier, Hon. John Roach, of Huntington; nineteen
Sisters of Providence, eight Sisters of Charity from St. Joseph's
hospital, and si.\ Brothers of the order of the Holy Cross.
At the conclusion of the mass, Rt. I\ev. Bishop Dwenger
ascended the pulpit and pronounced the eulogy, which was as fol-
lows:
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A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
In tht' name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Ghost. Amen.
The words which I shall read to you are taken from the 9th chapter of the
first book of Maccabees, beginning with the l!»th verse:
And Jonathan and Simon took Judas, their brother, and buried him in the sep-
ulcher of their fathers in the city of Modin. And all the people made great
lamentation, and they mourned him many days, and they said: How is the mighty
man fallen that saved the people of Israel.
Dearly Beloved in Christ: There was great sorrow and lamentation in Israel
when they buried the great hero and priest, Judas, the Maccabee. There is great
sorrow and grief to-day in our midst when we bury the grand, noble prelate, the ven-
erable pioneer priest, the truly apostolic man who for nearly forty-five years has
zealously and incessantly labored in. our midst, and of whom we can say what
St. Luke says of the father of St. John the Baptist, that he walked in the com-
mandments and justification of God without rejjroach. Next April it would be
forty-five years that our dear Father Benoit has been in Fort Wayne. During this
long period of time he has indeed walked in the commandments of God without
reproach. In all that long period ot time, whatever part or portion we may pick
out, he is to us a beautiful example. We may recall the days and years^we may
recall the different incidents—everything will cause us to love and to cherish the
memory of the noble priest who has gone to his eternal reward. Many here in
Fort Wayne and the neighborhood who have already passed the meridian of life
were baptized by his hand; many to-day venerate their father who instructed them
jn the holy faith, who prepared them for their first communion; many are here
today whose marriage he has blessed; manv remember how faithfully he visited
their dying father, or molher, or brolhtr, or sister, how cheerfully, he brought them
the last consolations of religion. In truth, it is only a few days since, that a ven-
erable matron told me how cheerfully Father Benoit had attended her sick daugh-
ter. Forty-five years of constant labor are now over. He has gone to his eternal
reward. We mourn to-day the loss of our dear old pastor; of a dear old father,
who was a father to all. We mourn to-day the loss of a noble, generous benefactor
to the poor. In fact, my dear brethren, a man must be a stranger in Fort Wayne
who does not know and appreciateour sorrow. I am sure there is no one that ever
knew Father Benoit but mourns to-day with sincere grief. There is no one that
ever knew him but loved and venerated him as a true priest of God.
Father Benoit, as you know, was born in France, on the ITth of October, 1808,
of humble, pious, but well-to-do parents. Repeatedly have I heara him speak of
his pious, good parents, especially of his saintly mother; and tears would some-
times stand in his eyes when he would tell m-: " I never disobeyed my mother.
I never refused anything to my mother." It was especially to this mother that he
owed his vocation in the priesthood. As a mere child he commenced his study
for that holy office, and endowed with splendid talents he graduated - completed
his course of theology before he could be ordained. At the early age of twenty-
three he was already selected as professor, and at the eal-ly age of twenty-four he
occupied a professor's chair in the Cirand seminary at Lyons. Shortly after the
French revolution, when the ranks of the clergy were thinned, for a man of his tal-
ents, of his great learning, for a man who at such an early age already had gained
such a high rank and jiosition, every i)rospect of honor, of ecclesiastical prefer-
ment, was open. It was under these circumstances that he met, for the first time,
(204j
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
the saintly Bisliop Hniti'-. the first hisliop of \'inc(Mincs. The diocese of V^incennes,
embracing all the state of Indiana, nearly all the state of Illinois, with the
exception of a few towns and settlements on the Mississippi, was erected in
the year 1834. just think of tliat grand country now dotted with churches, now
embracing the tlioceses of \'incennes, of Kort Wayne, of Chicago, of Peoria, of
Alton — that grand country was then a mere wilderness. There were only two
priests in that whole district, and a third one was allowed to remain a short time.
It was under these circumstances that that saintly bishop went to Europe to gather
apostolic men, who would come with him to preach the gospel. It was in the
house of a merchant that father Benoit met the saintly bishop, who, attracted by
liis sanctity and by his learning, invited him to occupy his apartments in the sem-
inary. He became his host; he attended him on a pilgrimage to Our Lady of
Fouvrieres near Lyons, and at that celebrated pilgrimage, after serving the mass
of that apostolic bishoj), he offered his services- " Vou," the saintly Bishop Brute
told him, " are a spoiled child; you will never do for the missions in America; you
are accustomed to all comforts; you have such a beautiful position, but in Amer-
ica I can offer you nothing but corn bread and bacon, and not enough of that.
There will be many a night when you will have no shelter, many a night when you
will have no bed, many a day and night when you will have to be on horseback
through the wilderness." Father Benoit mere' y answered. " Monseigneur, if you
can do it, why cannot I ? If you can make a sacrifice and do it for the love of
God, why should not I, a young man, be able to do it ? " " Well, then, come in the
name of God," the holy bishop said, and he did come. He came to this country in
the year 1836, and remained at first with the Sulpitians to study the English lan-
guage, and was ordained the 24th of April, 1837.
My dear brethren, we admire the faith of Abraham when he left his father's
house, when he left his kindred, when he went at the command of God into a
strange country. The holy scriptures speak of this faith and its reward, but, my
dear brethren, we do not appreciate that grand, noble faith that animated these
pioneer missionaries when they bade farewell to father and mother, when
they bade farewell to kindred, to all that the world loved and appreciated,
when they went into a strange country, into a mere wilderness, when
they went with the absolute certainty that privations of every kind would be
their lot, when they knew beforehand that work of the most severe nature would
be demanded of them. When preaching the funeral sermon of one of his com-
panions, one of these same missionaries that left France with him in 1836 — when
I preached the funeral sermon t)f Bjshop de Saint Palais^ I alluded to this grand
faith which animated these pioneer priests, the grand faith that strengtiiened and
nerved them to bid farewell to all, and I alluded to what is said of Joseph in
Egypt, that he went to a land whose language he knew not— a strange country, a
strange language, bidding farewell to all - it is a sacrifice that few of us appreci-
ate and understand. Father Benoit was with me at the funeral, and when I said
this he told me, with tears in his eyes: " I had the courage to come to America,
to forsake all; I had the courage to work for God"s honor and glory; with a sincere
pang I bade farewell to father and mother; but I did feel homesick when I was in
a strange country, the language of which I did not know."
Father Benoit, as you all j^erhaps have heard, for the first two years and a
half attended the missions in the southern part of the state, mostly on the Ohio
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A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
river and in its neighborhood. During;; this time, as he told nie rejieatedly, he had"
the magnificent sum of sixty-three dollars in two years and a half. Ashe told me,
" My business talents had to be developed; 1 had to see how to keep from starva-
tion." After some time he was sent uj) to Chicago and in that neighborhood to
attend the poor scattered Catholics that lived there. Of course, there were no
railroads; of course, the whole distance had to be travele 1 on horseback through
trac-sless forests and waste prairies, and only a few days before his deith he told
of a beautiful incident that happened on that trip, when, late in the afternoon, he
had lost his way, and coming, tired and weary, to a lonely dwelling in the wilder-
ness, he begged for shelter for the night, stating that it was impossible for him to
go any further. The man said, "Stranger, it is hardly possible; I have but a poor
hut; I have no bed to offer." Father Benoit said to him, "Merely let me have
shelter for my horse. I will lie down on the floor or in the hay loft; any place at
all." "Stranger," says he, " if you are so easily satisfied, you are welcome. Put
uji your horse, but I can not well entertain you, for my wife is on her death-bed."
He went into the house and was astonished to see some few Catholic
pictures. He addressed the sick woman with words of sympathy. He told
her, " It appears to me you are a Catholic." " I am," said the poor
woman. "Now, would you not wish before you dit- to see a priest?" "Oh,
this has been my prayer for seventeen years I have asked the intercession of the
Blessed Virgin that I might see a priest before I die It is many and many a year
since I have seen one. I have had no opportunity for receiving the sacraments "
1-ather Benoit then told her, " Your prayer has l)een heard, for 1 am a Catholic
jjriest. I am lost in the woods and it is God who has brought me here." He con-
soled her; he heard her confession. There were three children. He found that
they were perfectly instructed in their catechism, but that they had never received
any sacraments. He remained up nearly that whole night and the next day, to
l)repare the mother and children, and the second day he gave the last sacraments
to the mother and gave the first communion to the children, and the poor woman
was in perfect ecstacy of bliss that she had that consolation for which she had
ju-ayed so many and many years, and whilst Father Benoit was taking his cu])
of coffee preparatory to leaving, the poor woman (juietly slept away. What
noble testimony to this pious woman that her children were well instructed in
their faith.
As you well know. Father Uenoit came to Fort W'avne the KUh of April,
1*40. He was the only j^riest in this nortneastern portion of Indiana. He had to
attend the Catholics as far east as Defiance, as far as LaGro to the north,
and to the south almost to an indefinite extent. We hardly appreciate, espec-
ially we of the younger clergy, unless we are ]jlaccd in (;xcei)tional circum-
stances, we cannot appreciate the labor of these pioneer priests. Father Benoit
very often told me himself, he would say mass in Fort Wayne, and then the same
morning ride to Huntington or Decatur, and there say mass, of course fasting,
l>reaching and att nding to all the work. I very often heard him sav, " If we had
a sick call, if it was only twenty miles, we thought it but a moderate distance, and
did not think it a great hardship. But when it was sixty, seventv or eighty miles,
when we had to be out day and niijit then very often it was really hard." We,
do not appreciate tht: liardshijjs of these pioneer missionaries, because then the
newly arrive:! emigrants were not yet acclimated, and we'-e but poorly sheltered
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
and lioust'd, haviiiy; such jjoor wells and drinkiiLj llic surface water, and there was
more sickness, there was mow inahiria.and there were more sick calls at that time
tiian there are now. And yet where is there any one who can say tliat he did not
cheerfully go, however ditlicult it niij,dit have been? Who ran tell the hardships
endured durini;^ so many years? Who can tell the work that has been jierformed
in this i^rand district where, under the eyes of Father Henoit, so many churches
and so many congregations have sprung up? Oh, these noble apostolic men, who
cast the seed of the word of God in sorrow, not cmiIv with the sweat of their l)row,
but often moistened by bitter tears, which weakness, fatigue and sickness would
force from them. They cast the seed of the word of God in sorrow, but Father
Henoit had the consolation of se ing the fruit of his labors spring up around him.
The churches, the congregations, and certainly you will agree with me, the salva-
tion m Israel, the growth of the church in northeastern Indiana, is attributal)le to
a great extent prin:ipally, I dare say, of course under the Providence of God,
whose humble instruments we are is attributable to the n()])le old priest to whom
we show our last honors to-day.
Fort Wayne was but small at the time. It grew u]) under his eye, and vo.i all
know what interest he took with every one. The Indians considered him their
father and friend, and he was their friend. He risked his life for them and barely
escaped death on account of liis true attachment and honesty towards the Indians.
He was a friend of every one That is the beauty of his character. We may
recall those five and forty years of Father Benoit's life; we may recall any incident:
everything shines with brightness, witli that halo of a true priest The worst we
can say is that his frank candor, his truthfulness, sometimes hurt. But now, when
we look at his remains, when we look at those cold lips, cold in death, which were
ever truthful, ever honorable, lips which never spoke a dishonorable wonl, which
had a kind word for every one, whether Catholic or not, we venerate the saintly
priest. When we look at that countenance so kind to every one. that C( untenance
which your little children loved to look upon, when you remember that it was
your greatest happiness if you could even slip away from your father or mother to
visit Father Benoit an<l to gather around him that countenance is now cold in
death. It is only by memory's efforts that we can recall the pleasure of meeting
so often our dear good father. The hands that so often distributed alms, the hands
that were so charitable, are now cold and stiff in death.
Father Benoit, as you well know, owing tt) his i)usiness capacitv and jud'-
cious investments in real estate, had s-onu- property. Look at this noble cathe-
dral; it is mostly his work; he has contributed l)etween $50,000 and SGO.OOO. and
the congregation Contributed only one-fourth. Look at the schools; look at this
beautiful property. When he came here there was but a small frame church
unfinished, and only half of this block. He paid that debt of nearly S."),00o. He
purchased the remainder of this scpiare. Look at the schools; thev are his work.
The diocese contributed but a small amount to the present episcopal residence.
Not only in such a manner, but in many ways, was Father Benoit royal in his
charily. I know that when I was his banker, when the money i)assed through un-
hands, more than $2,000 were given witiiin one year to poor peojile here in the city
ol Fort Wayne— i)oor that no one knew about. And I know this was his custom;
he had the most generous, the most noble nature. Charity was a virtue that
entered through every fiber of his heart, and especially the clergy will testify what
"(207)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
a noble, charitable father, Father Benoit was. On that slab over his tomb, we
placed the words, " A father to the clergy." He was that— truly and nobly.
How often during nearly thirteen years that I am here did he advise, counsel and
help them with his means, and how often did he plead tor them? But we have
lost a father on earth. The poor of Fort Wayne have lost a father and generous
friend. The inhabitants of Fort Wayne have lost a friend who sympathized with
them, who gave them the most prudent advice, who was ready to help any one.
In fact, charity, it may be well said — charity, guided by and grounded on faith —
was the predominant virtue of the great priest whose remains we lay at rest. His
worth, his labors, were appreciated.
As early as 1862 he was appointed vicar-general of the diocese of \'in-
cennes. And when northern Indiana was erected into a diocese at the close of 1857,
the bishops of the province thought so much of him that they placed him at the
head of the list to be first bishop of Fort Wayne. God ordained otherwise, and
when, fourteen years afterwards, the see was again vacant, I was in hopes the good
and venerable priest, so worthy, would be appointed. I did not desire the appoint-
ment for myself; I thought he ought to have the honor of the position; but he felt
that his health was very poor, and he himself wrote to Rome that under no circum-
stances would he accept the office. When I was appointed, and when from the
highest authorities I received the emphatic intimation that if I was not a coward I
ought to accept, that it was simply a duty, I then wrote to our dear old father that
I had been in hopes he would receive the honor, but circumstances were such that
I was forced to accept. I acknowledged to him that I appreciatetl his worth and
his learning; that in age he was my father, that as a father I would love and honor
him, and that it would be the aim of my life to have his old days pass in peace and
happmess. I meant every word I wrote, and to-day it is my joy that before these
remains I can say I have kept it; that I can say that for nearly thirteen years there
has been no grief, not a minute of grief, caused by me. His days were happy and
contented, and he was a true father, a true friend and a prudent adviser.
It was this last summer that his health gave way. He had long ago, as you
well know, lost the acuteness of his hearing, and last summer a cataract was form-
ing on his eye. Unable to take the e.xercise he wished, unable to spend his time in
reading and occupying his mind to prevent loneliness, he keenly felt that his facul-
ties were on the decline. When the clergy of the diocese gathered here to cele-
brate my silver jubilee with me, we all expressed the hope that he would live to
celebrate his golden jubilee. He told us, " No, I will be under the ground then."
He constantly said, for the last year especially, that he would not live very long.
He feared he would die of ajjoplexy, and for the last two years told me, " I fear
that I will die a sudden death. But I am prepared. I trust in the mercy of God."
During the time of the council he received permission from the holy father to say
the mass of the Blessed Virgin every day, a mass that he could learn by heart. It
was during the council that his malady developed itself. He thought at tirst that
it was but a pain in the ear. None of us had any idea of his real affliction, and it
was only after a little while that we could intiuce him tocall a physician, who to our
sorrow announced to us that it was a cancer of the throat. And in regard to this, I
was told, but a few days ago. by one of the ])riests of the house, that when, iluring
our retr(;at, Father Benoit buried an old ])ious lady of this congregation -whom he
visited often, whom he assisted and sujjported the jiriests returned and said to
(2U8j
IN Till': STATK Ol' INDIANA.
hini, " I'atluT Henoit, you have buried Mrs. ." "Yes." "Well, wasn't it
a terrible thing to die ol cancer?" " No," said Father Henoit, " I don't think so.
I have i)rayed for it. One then knows tliat death is nigli, and he has time to pre-
pare, though it is ])ainfal enough to do penance."
When Father lienoit turned to me and asked, " Bisho[), is it not cancer that
I have ? " I told him, " Father Henoit, yes. We are no children, and it is best that
you know the truth." "Certainly," said he. "Well," he added, in his humble
way, " for several years I have prayed that God would send me penance. I felt
that I was such a poor sinner "—these were his words "such a coward in doing
penance, that I begged God to send me jjenance, and now I have it." Perfectly
cheerful, perfectly contented. I told him, " Father lienoit, you know well enough
that I sympathize with you, but I would a great deal sooner see you suffer, and
even for a long time, than have the message brought to me in the morning, ' Father
Benoit was found dead.'" "That is so," said he. He would" not beg God to
relieve him of it. He was as cheerful, even more cheerful, when he knew the sen-
tence of death was upon him, when he knew that death was inevitable. When he
must have suffered intense agony it was impossible to perceive it — he concealed
his pain. With death before his eyes, he was more cheerful than ever, and repeat-
edly he said to me, " I trust indeed in the infinite mercy of God; He is so good and
so merciful; He is our only consolation." And, contrary to our expectation, from
the very first he said, " It will not last long." And this was the case. Last week
he broke down for the second time. As soon as he knew that he was fatally sick
he received the last sacraments. He had said mass in his room for (luite a number
of days, and when he grew too weak I said mass there. , .Sunday a week and dur-
ing the week I said mass in his room; he would be there almost dying, yet he
would kneel to receive holy communion every day until last Friday, when coma
set in and it was impossible for him to do so. Signs of blood poisoning were
easily perceptible. His lungs became congested owing to the blood poisoning, the
poisons being absorbed by that circulation that is so great in the throat and neck-
Still he was perfectly cheerful, though sometimes he would be a little flighty,
especially Saturday and Sunday night. Yet he would know everybody and would
have perfect sense. He asked again to go to confession and received again the
plenary indulgence. During Saturday night, when I was up with him the whole
night, he repeated, " 1 will go home to my Father and die to-day." He did not go
home that day but rallied, and Sunday afternoon and Monday the whole day he
appeared more cheerful, more lively, fully as strong, even though contrary to all
rules of nature. The physicians said they never saw a person whose vitality was
so great. When the right reverend bishop of Nashville, formerly one of our priests
and an intimate friend of Father Benoit, hurried here on Monday, Father Benoit
knew him at once, smiled and spoke most cheerfully. We left him after a short
time, because we knew that speaking was so painful to him. He would rather
rest; he would rather be saying some prayers. And a greater part of .Sunday and
Monday he was saying his prayers, if he was not dozing. We knew death had to
come very soon. Exhausted nature could not support him any longer. After
supper, the bishop of Nashville and myself and some priests called upon him; he
spoke again cheerfully and kindly. The physician visited him and he said to him
and also to the sister, after we had left the room, " I am going home to my Father.
I thank you i\ir your kindness to me, and for your services, and when I am in
(209)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
heaven I will pray iov you." He was led to the bed. He had been sitting on the
chair, and immediately the sister came to me. Death had set in. He was cjuietly
breathing. We had time to say the prayers for the dying, when, quietly, without
any spasm, without any effort, he sle|)t away. His course was run. He could look
back at the long jieriod of years, and he could make use of the words of -St. Paul,
" I have fought the good fight, I have preserved the faith, and now I hope for the
cnnvn of immortal glory which Ciod, the just judge, will give me." His course was
run; he was an.\ious to die, as he had told me for the last two years, and I have no
doubt that he has gained the crown of immortal glory. Looking back over all
these sacrifices, these years of labor, it was only that noble faith that could have
upheld him in times of trials and ilitficulties, such days, for instance, as the times
of the cholera in Fort Wayne. It was only that faith that could strengthen him to
endure so much. It is only that great mission that is given to the Catholic church-
that grand commission of the risen God, "As the Father sent me, so do I send
you " -that could uphold him during the many years of trials and labors, and that
could give ium that grace to act as the true, noble priest, as he has done. When,
two years ago, I was in Rome, speaking to the Holy Fatlier about my diocese, I
mentioned the name of the venerable Father Benoit, and said that it would be a great
pleasure if tlie Holy .See would deign to honor such an old and worthy man. The
Holy Father said to me, " Certainly, with the greatest of pleasure; and I do blame
you bishops that you do not notify the Holy .See to honor such men who are so
deserving," he told me. "Tell Monsignor Jacobini to remind me of this and make
out the papers."
We have lost Father Benoit, and yet 1 should say we have not lost him.
That is the beauty of the Catholic faith, my dear brethren. ,It is only the Catholic
church that fully appreciates what we say in the Apostles' creed, "I believe in the
communion of saints." The cold hand of death does not sever the tender ties of
charity that unite and l)ind us to our dear departed. In heaven above our dear
Father will be as kind a father, as kind a friend as on earth, and more so because
charity is more perfect in heaven. On earth our charity is covered with the dross
of human weakness. In heaven it is beautified, perfected ; it is the reigning virtue
in heaven. Our faith will pass into vision, our hope will become possession, but
charity will remain forever. Not one of the tender ties that bound our good old
Father Benoit to Fort Wayne and to every citizen has been snapped or rent
asunder. His love in heaven will be more intense, and of course the only way that
charity can be practiced in heaven towards us poor pilgrims on earth is by uttering
the prayer o{ charity for us. We pray for one another on earth. We ask the
intercession of the Blessed \'irgin with God, from whom all good comes. There is
no doubt of the promise of Father Benoit that he could pray for us. And we should
pray for him. We believe in the communion of saints. In heaven they pray for
us, in heaven thev intercede for us, and we should also intercede and pray for our
dear departed, who mav vet have some imperfection, who may yet have something
to atone for ; for who is perfectly spotless and pure in the sight of God ? We
pray for our departed, even if we do not expect it necessary, because we know
that the prayer of charity on earth is never lost, and it is therefore that I beg of
you to pray for your dear old F.ither and pastor. He wished no flowers, but he
wished rather that we should i>ray for him. He wished rather that something
should be given to the poor or to the orjihans.
(2T0)"
IN' Tin-: STATi: 0|- INDIANA.
It was his (icsirc to l)c l)iiii((l ilu-|-c at tlic loot dl the ctMUiminion railing ;
tlif \i'iy spot vvluTc \vc l)uiy him lie selected himself. It was his desire ; and it
was his desire that a slal) shoidd he put there to rciniinl those who ljo to holy com-
munion tlint they should pray for their old pastor. \'oii will see the slab there
with the inscription, " I'ray for the soul of Right Reverend Julian }3enoit, Domestic
I'relate ol the Holy .See, a true Fatlui- to the Clergy, a generous friend to the poor,
the l)nilder of this Cat!iedi-al." In his name, I ask your prayers.
And another thing I ask you to remember is his teachings, his advice. When
death had its liand u])on him, when ht,- knew he had to die, he was making plans,
" 1 wish to see such and such a one ; " not so much his personal friends, but he was
saying, "There is a negligent Catholic, there is a poor man whom I received into
the church, there is a poor acquamtance who does not go to church and to the sac-
raments." He made arrangements to visit these, and when he w-as not able to go
he .sent a priest to say, " This is the dying recjuest of Father Henoit ; attend to
your religion and serve your C.od." What would the dying words of Father Benoit
be to his old friends and accjuaintances ? " Keep your faith, serve your God," and
1 have no doubt he woidd say to us, " In heaven I hope to meet you again." Amen.
After the sermon the last absolution was pronounced by the
right reverend bishop of the diocese. During the solemn chant
by the clergy of the "Libera" and " Benedictus " everybody
seemed wrapped in devotion, uniting in a prayer for the venerated
dead. At the conclusion of this chant. Palestrina's great Misere
was rendered by the choir — consisting of Messrs. Weber, Schulte,
Strack, Blaising, Mesdames Arnold and Mommer, and about fif-
teen others. The requiem, Mr. E. Noll at the organ, had been
given by male voices only.
\Miilst the plaintive dirge of the Misere rang through the great
dome, rang out as though from trembling voices, the corpse was
slowly and reverently borne into the sanctuary, lowered through
the floor and placed in a vault outside the communion railing to
await the final call on the day of resurrection.
By way of digression, it may be remarked here that the last
conversation of our venerated Father when with us for the last
time in the bishop's rooms, was — " Well, bishop, I came into the
world with nothing, and I want to go out of it with nothing. I
have about disposed of all I had, and you will likely find that you
will be obliged to pay my funeral expenses." To which he added
in broken words, with a deep sigh, "Bury me in the cathedral,
outside the sanctuary railing, that in death, as I was in life, I may
be among the people whom I loved."
~(2lT)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
Amid that great concourse of people, crowded into pews,
packed into every aisle, a gathering such as is seldom seen within
those cathedral walls, a great congregation, sighing and sobbing,
weeping and lamenting. Father Benoit was laid to rest. The peo-
ple wept, the clergy mourned and the city was in sorrow and grief.
May God grant him eternal rest in heaven.
Over the remains, framed into the floor, is a marble slab four
inches thick, two feet eight inches in width, and four feet ten
inches in length, bearing the following inscription:
Pray for the Soul of Rt. Rev. Julian Benoit, Domestic Prelate of the Holy
See, and Vicar General of the Diocese: To the Clergy a Devoted Father, to the
Poor a Generous Friend: the Builder of this Cathedral. Born October 17, 1808;
Died January 26, 1885. May he rest in Peace!
The Very Rev. Joseph Henry Brammer, Vicar-General, was
born in Hanover, Germany, in October, 1839. He was reared in
the Lutheran faith, the religion of his parents. In early life he
was apprenticed to a carpenter, mastered the trade and followed
it for a number of years. In 1854 he caine to America and settled
in St. Louis, working there at his trade. He was of a studious
turn and of a deeply religious nature. This led him to the study
of religion. After listening to the lectures of Father Weber, S. J.,
and a sincere inquiry into Catholic doctrines, he determined to
embrace the faith, and was received into the Catholic church in 1859.
With the ardor of a sincere convert, he determined to give his
life to the propagation of the true faith and to the conversion of
souls to it. He longed to impart to others what he himself had
learned, and, accordingly, a year later, began his collegiate studies
in the famous Benedictine college, of St. Vincent, Pennsylvania.
There and at St. Michael's college, Pittsburg, he completed the
classical course and then entered on the study of philosophy and
theology in Mt. St. Mary's seminary, Cincinnati, Ohio.
On May 11, 1868, he was ordained to the priesthood in the
cathedral at Fort Wayne, and was immediately appointed assistant
to Father Benoit, pastor of the cathedral congregation.
The young priest soon impressed all with his sincere piety and
burning zeal for the service of God and the welfare of humanity.
During the declining years of Father Benoit the duties of the vicar-
^yC>^, ^; /^^y^^ri^^^^z.^'^^^^L--^
(Trg
IN TUK STAT1-: Ol' INDIANA.
general devolved upon Father Brainmer, and on the death of the
venerable pioneer priest, Father Bramrner was appointed to suc-
ceed him.
As vicar-general ami pastor of the cathedral his great abilities
came more and more into prominence. When Bishop Dwenger
visited Rome, in 1885 and again in 1888, Father Bramrner was
administrator of the diocese. During the last years of Bishop
Dweng^r's life most of the arduous duties of the diocesan adminis-
tration fell on Father Brammer, and for nearly four years he worked
almost night and day. These great responsibilities, spiritual and
temporal, could not fail to have their effect on one who was con-
scientious to the last degree.
As pastor of the cathedral Father Brammer began, in 1880,
an undertaking which had been the dream of his life — the erection
of Library hall, adjoining the cathedral. It was a great work, but
the abilities of a financier were brought into play and he had the
building almost completed before his parishioners knew how he
had raised the funds. During a journey to Europe he visited Ire-
land and saw the far-famed Irish marble. He at once decided to
please the emigrants from the Emerald isle in Fort Wayne by hav-
ing some of the stone from their native land in the building. He
imported, at considerable trouble and expense, a huge block of
Irish marble, and it forms the corner-stone of Library hall.
Six years after its completion St. Vincent's Orphan asylum
was built, and the grand institution is the result of the disinterested
labors of Father Brammer and Bishop Dwenger.
It had long been the desire of Father Brammer to subject the
beautiful cathedral at Fort Wayne to a thorough restoration, and
in 1896 he determined to do so. The work was estimated at about
$50,000. Times were hard and the zealous pastor had a keen
appreciation of the fact that few of his parishioners were abund-
antly blessed with this world's goods. Nevertheless, with the sub-
lime faith that was one of his distinguishing traits, he began the
work and in a few months completed it.
Father Brammer was the most humble of men. The work-
ingman on the street, black or white, he considered his equal. The
predominating trait of his character was charity. It was literally
"I2l5)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
unbounded. The poor he had always with him. They were his
early morning callers, and his days were devoted to listening to their
stories, relieving their wants, correcting their faults and always
blessing them. Sometimes he was called on late at night to render
aid and it was never withheld. Color, race and creed were no
distinction. All differences vanished when the plaint of need was
heard. He has been known to borrow money when his available
funds were exhausted in almsgiving, that some poor family might
have fire and food. His salary went to allev ate distress, to feed
the hungry and to clothe the naked. He has been known to give
away his own shoes to a tramp on a cold morning. On another
occasion a poor woman complained in the depth of winter that her
little ones suffered from cold at night. Straightway went Father
Brammer to his own room and gathered his blankets and quilts
into a huge bundle, giving them to the poor woman. When detected
in these acts of self-denial he would modestly refuse to listen to a
word of praise. Instances without number are known of his single-
hearted love for the poor, but far more numerous are the stories
that never were made public of his unstinted liberality. He saw
in the poor the reflection of Christ's image, and, like a true apostle,
was ever ready to follow in the path laid down- for him. He loved
everyone and in return was beloved by everyone who knew
him. He knew no distinction of creed or race, but saw in every
one the image of God, a soul to be saved. It was this that, coupled
with his learning, drew people not of his own faith to him and
proved for many a stepping-stone to entering the Catholic church.
One of the institutions close to his heart was the St. Vincent
de Paul society, whose object is the care of the poor and needy.
Realizing the benefits of organized charity, Father Brammer
formed this society among the members of the cathedral parish
many years ago, and its record is a noble one. Hundreds of poor
families have been relieved through its medium under his zealous
direction.
A fervent supporter of Christian education. Father Brammer
helped to bring the cathedral schools up to a high degree of excel-
lence, and maintained a careful watch over their growth, evincing
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LIBRARY HALL,
FT. WAYNE, IND.
IN THE STATK OF INDIANA.
at all times the deepest interest in the welfare and advancement
of the children.
In consequence of these arduous labors Father Brammer suf-
fered from ill health for several years. During the last weeks of
his life he was conscious of his gradual decline and centered his
thoughts on the departure which he knew was imminent. When
unable to exercise any longer his priestly functions, he gave him-
self to meditation and prayer. He recited his office to the last
day of his life.
Sunday evening, June 19th, Father Brammer sat up with the
other priests of the episcopal household. He retired feeling no
worse than usual. One of the priests watched at his bedside.
During the night a change for the worse was noticed. The house-
hold was called to his bedside. His physician arrived, but in spite
of his efforts the patient sank rapidly. The last sacraments were
administered while he was yet in complete possession of his fac-
ulties. He died peacefully and calmly about noon on Monday,
June 20th, 1898.
The funeral took place on the following Thursday at the
cathedral. Bishop Rademacher celebrated a solemn pontifical
mass of requiem, assisted by about 140 priests. Very Rev. M. E.
Campion, of Logansport, a life long friend of the deceased,
preached the funeral sermon, and no priest who at any time ever
dwelt among the people of Fort Wayne will be longer remem-
bered or his memory blessed more heartily than the good and
\'er\' Rev. Vicar-General Brammer.
13 (217)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
CHAPTER XIII.
THE CATHOLIC CHURCHES IN THE STATE OF INDIANA THE PRIESTS
IN CHARGE AND THEIR CONGREGATIONS — HISTORICAL AND STATIS-
TICAL FACTS.
IN this chapter will be found brief records of the various Catholic
churches in the state of Indiana, gleaned from the most reliable
sources, or furnished, in most instances, by the pastors themselves,
and brought as closely as possible up to date. The arrangement
will be found in alphabetical order as to location, not as to name
of church or parish, nor the respective importance or numerical
strength or wealth of the congregations.
ALBION, NOBLE COUNTY.
The Church of the Sacred Heart, at Albion, Noble county,
Ind., was built under Rev. D. Duehmig in 1873 and-was conse-
crated in July of that year by Bishop Dwenger. It is 28x50
feet and cost $2,300, which amount was partly collected from
laborers when the B. & O. R. R. was built. The congregation
numbered twelve families in the beginning and has not perceptibly
increased. This church was attended as a mission of Avilla until
I 88 1, then as a mission of Ege until 1890, since when it has been
attended from Auburn by the Rev. Fathers Faust and Boccard, the
latter now pastor of the church of the Immaculate Conception.
ANni:RSON TOWNSHIP, pi;krv county.
St. Mark's Church, Anderson township. Perry county, is built
of freestone, 65x36 feet, is situated seven miles from Troy, ten
miles from Cannelton and twelve miles from Leopold. One acre
of ground with a frame structure on it was bought in 1 860 for
school purposes by Rev. M. Marendt. of Cannelton. In 1863
IN THE STATE Ol" INDIANA.
Rev. Terd Huiidt, of Troy, celebrated mass there. Another acre
of ground was secured in 1863 for cemetery. Rev. F. P"riedin"-er
next attended the place. During 1865 and 1866 Rev. P. Martin
Marty, O. S. B., occasionally visited St. Mark's. About eighteen
families, in 1867, under the direction of Father Marendt, began
the building of a new church, and on April 25, 1869, the church
and a new bell were blessed by Father Martin, prior of St. Mein-
rad's. From September 8, 1867, until May, 1877, Rev. A. Michael,
of Tell City, visited St. Mark's twice a month. In 1877 the con-
gregation had increased to thirty-three families.
Rev. John B. Unverzagt was appointed the first resident pas-
tor at St. Mark's on July 21, 1877. ^ parsonage 40x26 feet was
finished December 20, 1877. Other necessary improvements were
rapidly made and the church supplied with everything that could
be required. The value of the church property is estimated at
$5,600. Father Unverzagt took his departure from St. Mark's
church in March, 1879. Rev. Placidus Zarn, O. S. B., resided at
St. Mark's until August, 1881, though he for a time visited the
place from St. Meinrad. Many new vestments and sanctuary orna-
ments were procured through his efforts. Rev. Peter Hommes was
Father Zarn's successor and the present pastor is Rev. Peter Baron.
ANDERSON", MADISON COUNTY.
St. Mary's Church at Anderson, Madison county, Ind.,
was dedicated October 6, 1895, but it is necessary that a brief
review of the parochial history be had before a description of the
present church building be given.
Prior to, or at least as far back as, 1837, Catholic clergymen
visited Anderson from Logansport, and it is on record that the
earlier masses were read by Fathers Francois and Bacquelin in a
log tavern. In 1857 Father Clarke came from LaFayette and for
several months celebrated mass in the court house, and in 1858
laid the foundation for the first Catholic church proper on the site
of the present magnificent edifice alluded to in the opening para-
graph of this article.- The first priest assigned to the charge of
this church as resident pastor was Father Fitzmaurice, who was
succeeded in i860 by Father McMahon, who left in 1865 on the
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
ill-fated Fenian expedition into Canada. In 1866 Rev. J. B.
Crawley followed Father McMahon in this charge and remained
until Auj^ust, 1884. This zealous clergyman on July 4, 1875, laid
the corner-stone of the second St. Mary's church, which was conse-
crated May 29. 1877. For that day it was a splendid edifice, the
size of the congregation being taken into consideration, and still
stands, although now used for school purposes, a monument to the
indefatigable energy of Father Crawley. This beloved pastor was
succeeded in August, 1884, by Rev. F. C. Wiechmann, during whose
pastorate the parochial residence was built, natural gas, then newly
discovered, was introduced, the school-building materially enlarged
and steps taken for the enlargement of the accommodation of the
parishioners, who had greatly increased in numbers.
But it remained for the present incumbent of the pastorate —
Rev. Father D. J. Mulcahy, to carry out the latter design. Rev.
Mulcahy was installed pastor of St. Mary's May 7, 1891, and began
the work set before him with a vigor that resulted in triumphant
success. He grasped the opportunity of bringing to fruition the
seed that had already been sown with a view of erecting a building
commensurate with the number and importance of his congrega-
tion. The site selected for the new edifice was that of the first
Catholic building, which was demolished and the corner-stone of
present church was laid July 9, 1893, and the work energetically
prosecuted until completion and dedication October 6, 1895. The
ceremonies on this occasion were of the most solemn and imposing
character and were conducted by the Right Rev. Joseph Rade-
macher, bishop of the diocese of Fort Wayne, assisted by a corps
of eminent clergymen and accompanied by a lay demonstration
never before witnessed in Anderson. The cost of this magnificent
structure was about $45,000, its seating capacity is for 800 people,
and its completion is due, to a large degree, to the exertions of
Father Mulcahy.
AUBURN, UEKALB COUNTY.
Immaculate Conception Church, at Auburn, Dekalb county,
Ind., was organized August 5, 1872, by Rev. Augustus Young, who
came from Fort Wayne. At that time there were only five Cath-
(220)
IN THE STATE OI- INDIANA.
olic families located in Auburn, but the energetic priest set reso-
lutely to work at organizing his congregation, and by October 17,
1874. succeeded not only in this effort, but in completing a church-
building, which on that day was consecrated by Right Rev. Bishop
Dwenger. who at the sam^ time b )ught the pastoral residence, in
which Father Young at once made his home, having, during the
meantime, boarded with one or another of his Hock. November
II, 1886, Feather Young was succeeded by Rev. R. Denk, who
remained about eight months, when he was followed by Rev. F.
Faust, who officiated until 1896, in December of which year Rev.
Edward Boccard, the present worthy and respected pastor,
assumed charge. The congregation now numbers forty-five fam-
ilies, and beside the care of these, Father Boccard has missions at
Albion, Noble county, and Butler, Dekalb county, which claim a
share of his spiritual ministrations.
AUKORA, DEAKHOKX COUNTY.
The Immaculate Conception Church at Aurora. — This large
and prosperous congregation, with a membership of more than
1,000 souls, with an excellent school, attended by 225 children
and conducted by the efficient Sisters of St. Francis (Oldenburg,
Ind.), had but an humble beginning. The first to offer up the sac-
rifice of the mass was no less a person than the Most Rev. Arch-
bishop of Cincinnati, Ohio, J. B. Purcell, D. D.. and this impor-
tant occurrence took place at the house of Mr. O'Brien. On the
same day his Grace lectured by invitation at the old school-house.
In the spring of 1849 following, parishioners had their first meeting
at Kemp's bakery and formed themselves into a congregation :
Henry, John, Anthony and Frank Klueber, Bernard Schipper.
John Miller, Valentine Hahn, Michael Maloney, Sr. , John and
Patrick Maloney, Patrick Garrity and Michael Morin. They met
for church purposes at Anthony Klueber's, the town hall, school
and other places until December 25, 1857, when, under the direc-
tion of the Rev. Father Unterdiener, O. S. F., of Cincinnati, Ohio,
Aurora's first Catholic church was erected on the classical site of
Hog- Back. Father Unterdiener was succeeded by Fathers Sigmond
and Ausom Koch (brothers), both Franciscan Fathers and pastors
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
at St. John's church, Cincinnati, Ohio. These fathers visited the
5'Oung congregation at intervals onl}' until 1863, when Rev. F. Igna-
tius Klein was appointed the first resident pastor, and this devoted
clergyman worked with untiring zeal for the }oung flock. October
12, 1863, though his means were scanty and the congregation
small, he purchased the present site (lots 163, 164, 165, 166), at
the corner of Judiciary and Fourth streets, agreeing to pay $4, 500
for the same. He advanced $1,500 on the purchase and at once
proceeded to erect a church, 106 x 52 feet ground plan and thirty-
two feet high, at a cost of $24,000. He acted in the capacity of
architect and superintendent and completed the structure, except
the steeple, in 1864. The steeple was finished in 1876 at a cost of
$5,000. Too much cannot be said of the willingness of the mem-
bers of the congregation, who would gather after supper and place
the stone upon the ground and scaffolding for the masons to work
upon the following day, thus dispensing with the usual attendants
and assisting their pastor with " hand and means." The church
is built of stone and brick and has a seating capacity of about
1,200. Father Klein was also attentive to the needs of childhood,
hence the school received his attention at the first opportunity. In
1866 the brick school-house, 70 x 30 feet, was built and the Sisters
of Providence were asked to take charge. The parsonage of twelve
rooms was completed in 1873, after which Rt. Rev. Maurice de St.
Palais, appreciating the arduous labors of Father Klein, promoted
him to St. Mary's church. New Albany, Ind.
The Rev. Ferdinand Hundt, the poet priest and scholar, was
next appointed pastor at Aurora. His eloquent sermons produced
much fruit, and his elegant taste was displayed in church decora-
tions. Beside improving the parsonage he purchased three fine
altars and a pulpit — lasting ornaments to the church and evidences
of his zeal. In 1883 Father Hundt was succeeded by the Rev. J.
J. Schoentruf), who further improved the church and re-arranged
the pews to the great satisfaction of the people. His delicate
health, which caused him to apply for a removal, prevented him
from further exercising the great ability for which he was known.
In September, 1890, Rev. J. |. Macke assumed charge, finding an
indebtedness of upwards of $16,000, which, however, was greatly
(222r
IN THE STATK OI- INDIANA.
reduced during.,' I'athcr Macke's stay, 189010 189b, and the present
pastor, Rev. F. A. Roell, will prove a popular leader and an able
Hnancier. The schools now under the direction of the Sisters of
St. Francis, are models of perfection and the Sisters give a thor-
ough collegiate course and, in consequence, are very popular with
the people. The congregation is both tinanciall\' and spiritually in
a healthy condition and compares favorably with others in this well-
managed diocese.
A\ II.LA, XOBLK Cn{\T\.
Assumption B. V. M. Church at Avilla. — For some time prior
to 1853 Fathers Benoit, Mueller and others had visited Avilla from
Fort Wayne and had said mass every six months or so at conve-
nient places. In the year named, however. Father Faller, then
pastor of St. Mary's at Fort Wayne, came to Avilla and organized
a congregation from eight widely scattered families — those of Frank
Borck, John Geiser, Thomas Store}-, John Zonkher, George Bauer,
Joseph Bender, John Moorhouse and John Walsh — and soon after-
ward began the erection of a church, 25x40 feet, of frame, which
church was dedicated by Right Rev. Bishop de St. Palais in 1853.
The church of the Assumption was ministered to by Father
Faller and other clergymen from Fort Wa}ne until 1858, when
Rev. Henry Schaefer was appointed resident priest. He offtciated
until March, 1863, and after him came Rev. Father Deipenbrock,
who built an addition to the church and remained in charge nine
months. Rev. John Wemhoff followed and in December, 1865,
was succeeded by Rev. A. B. Oechtering, who remained until the
coming of the present pastor, the Rev. D. Duehmig, in May, 1867,
the congregation then consisting of about forty families.
In 1876 Father Duehmig laid the corner-stone of the present
magnificent church, on the present site in the village, and com-
pleted it in 1877, when. May 19, it was dedicated by Right Rev.
Bishop Dwenger. It is built of brick, is 44X 113 feet in size, and
is furnished with costly altars and pipe organ. The cost of the
building itself reached $9,000. The school and Sisters' residence
(one building) was erected in 1878 at a cost of $2,500, and the
priest's residence in 1889 at a cost of $3,600. The church grounds
~(223j
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
comprise six and one-quarter acres, which were donated by Thomas
Storey, and the cemetery, at the site of the old church, one-half
mile north of the present church, contains eight acres. The school
children, 124 in number, are under three Franciscan Sisters of the
Sacred Heart, and the congregation has attained a total member-
ship of 100 families.
The societies attached to the church of the Assumption of the
B. V. M. hold membership as follows: St. Joseph's School society,
eight}-; Ladies' Rosary society, eighty-six; Young Men's society,
forty-eight; Young Ladies' society, thirty-six; and Catholic Ivnights,
thirt\-iive.
BAKR TOWNSHIP, DAVIESS COUNTY.
St. Mary's Church is located in Barr township, Daviess county,
one-half mile west of the Martin county line and a mile and a half
north of the B. & O. R. R. The first Catholic services in the
vicinity of St. Mary's were held in the house of Ignatius Spaulding.
in 1828, by Father Lalumiere. Ignatius Spaulding was born in
Maryland and died June 23, 1842, aged sixt}* years. About 1833
a small log church was erected and consecrated by Bishop Brute,
who named it St. Mary's. According to Bishop Brute, there were
about 150 Catholic families in the neighborhood, mostly from Ken-
tucky. The first resident pastor was the Rev. Maurice de St.
Palais, afterward bishop, who took charge of the congregation in
1836 and remained three years. During this period a new brick
church was constructed.
Rev. John Gueguen became the pastor in 1839 and continued
until 1 84S, when he was succeeded by Rev. J. P. R. Murphy.
Father Murphy also had a flock in Martin count\- at Mt. Pleas-
ant, and erected a church there. Rev. John Mougin officiated at
St. Mary's from 1858 to i860, and was succeeded by Rev. J.
LeBlanc, who attended until 1873. Rev. G. M. Ginnsz came
next and was the pastor until 1875. He was followed by Revs.
John W. Doyle, L. M. S. Burkhardt and Timothy O'Donaghue.
Father Doyle made preparations for a new church-building and it
was completed by Father T. O'Donaghue in 1881 at a cost of
$9,000. The church is a handsome building, 55X iio feet in size, is
(224)
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
built of brick and is well furnished. This church owns twenty-three
acres of land valued, exclusive of improvements, at $1,300. The
pastoral residence is qf brick, and the conj^regation comprises a
membership of 650. Rev. T. O'Donaghue was succeeded, Feb-
ruary I, 1S90, by the present able pastor, Rev. John McCabe.
BESANGON, ALLEN COUNTY.
St. Louis Church at Besancon (post-office New Haven), Allen
county, was first a mission, established by Rev. Father Benoit, and
was attended by clergymen from Fort Wayne until i860, when
Rev. Father Adams came, erected the present church-edifice,
90x36 feet, and remained until 1875. He was succeeded, in turn,
by Fathers Mignault, Demers, Maujay, Veniard and the present
pastor, Rev. Francis X. Labonte (in 1894), although for one
year prior to this last-named date St. Louis had been again a mis-
sion of Fort Wayne. The priest's house was erected by Rev. W.
J. Quinlan, formerly of the cathedral at Fort Wayne, but now pas-
tor of St. Paul's, at Marion, Grant county. This building is of
brick, is two stories high and contains eight rooms. A hall,
74h X 40 feet, is on the church property, to be used as a parochial
school and will be attended by about 100 pupils, who will be
under the instruction of three sisters. The congregation com-
prises about 120 families of mixed nationalities, the French pre-
dominating. The church property consists of ten acres, including
the cemetery, and is free from debt.
Rev. Francis X. Labonte was born in Vermont January 30,
1868, and was ordained at Fort ^^'ayne May 19. 1894, by Right
Rev. Bishop Rademacher and at once placed in charge of his pres-
ent pastorate.
r.ATESVII.LK, KIPI^EV COUNTY.
St. Louis' Church at Batesville had its origin with German
Catholics about the year 1867. Two non-Catholics, Messrs.
Schader and Boehringer, donated the ground on which the church
was to be erected. The church was begun in the same year, 1867,
in charge of the Franciscan Fathers at Oldenburg. In the fall of
1868 Batesville was made a station, to be visited from Greensburg,
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
where the Rev. John P. Gillig resided. He had services in a pri-
vate house at Batesville twice a month until about August, 1869.
In 1870 the Franciscan Fathers again togk charge. The Rev.
Louis Haverbeck, O. S. F. , finished the church and it was blessed
in September, 1870, St. Lud wig's church. In the year following
the same zealous pastor built a school-house.
From August, 1872, until August, 1873, the Rev. Clemens
Steinkamp, (). S. F., attended the congregation, when he was
succeeded by the Rev. Bernardine Holthaus, O. S. F. The par-
sonage was built in 1876. In 1875 the furniture factories at Bates-
ville were destroyed by fire and, in consequence, the congregation
lost several families, who left the town. From September, 1876,
Rev. John B. Schroeder, O. S. F., visited Bates\ille until Janu-
ary, 1877.
Rev. Peter B. Fnglert, O. S. F., became the first resident
priest at Batesville in January, 1877; Rev. Nicholas Holtel, O. S.
F., from August, 1877, until August, 1878: Rev. iMartin Bauer,
O. S. F., from August, 1878, until August. 1879; the Rev. Leonard
Nurre, O. S. F., took charge in August, 1879. The congregation
numbers about 100 families, three Sisters of St. Francis teach 180
children, and since October 18, 1897. the congregation has been
under the charge of Rev. Bartholomew Weiss, O. F. M.
BLOOMIXGTOX, MONKOK COINTV.
St. Charles Borromeo Church. — The first priest in charge of
St. Charles Borromeo church was Rev. Patnck Murphy, who was
a trustee of the State university at Bloomington, the only priest
who ever held that office. He was succeeded b}- Father John B.
Unverzagt, who was succeeded b\- Father Thomas X. Logan, who
in time was succeeded by Father Bogemann, the present pastor.
Under the latter's administration the church building and parsonage
have been remodeled and modernized in their present pleasing form,
and the street fronting the same (330 feet) properly graded and
improved. A fitting compliment to Father Bogemann's energy is
the fact that the parish is out of debt and usually has money draw-
ing interest.
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
!'.KAi)i(iKi>, ii.\i\'KiS()N (■()l■^■'^^■.
St. Michael's Church. — A log church was built four miles
southwest of Bradford as early as 1835 by a few Catholic families
who lived in those parts of Harrison county, and this church was
called St. Michael's. The hrst priest who visited this church was
the Rev. Jos. I'^rneding; later on came the Rev. Ignatius Rey-
nolds, of Kentucky, and Rev. S. Neyron, of New Albany. When
Rev. |. P. Dion permanent)}- located at Zanesville he visited this
little church regularly until 1854, when the Catholic families had
increased to such an extent that those living north of Bradford
made an effort to build a little log church three miles northeast of
Bradford. This little church was begun, but never completed,
because all united their efforts and built a nice frame church in the
town of Bradford, and from this time on the log church, four miles
southwest of Bradford, St. Michael's, was more or less abandoned.
Fred. Ems donated one acre of land adjoining Bradford, upon
which the new church was built. It was completed and dedicated
on the 29th day of September, 1855, by Rev. Jos. Wentz, of New
Albany, and called St. Michael's church. Rev. E. M. Faller, of
New Albany, and Rev. Dionysius, O. S. P., of Louisville, Ky. ,
attended to St. Michael's church of Bradford until 1862, when the
Rev. J. M. Gabriel, of St. John's, Clark county, took charge and
attended regularly once a month until 1869, when Rev. B. H.
Kintrup became the first resident priest of Bradford. From 1871
till 1872 Rev. J. M. Gabriel attended again from St. John's; Rev.
G. M. Ginnsz, of Floyd Knobs, till 1873; Rev. A. Lechner, of St.
John's, till 1875; Re'^'- ^- Brueggemann till 1877 and Rev. J. P.
Gillig till 1879.
Rev. F. Seegmiller, the second resident priest, took charge in
1879 and remained till 1886. In 1882 he built the new frame
church, 40 -x 75 feet, and labored zealously for the welfare of the
congregation, but, meeting many difficulties, he left in 1886, the
church being in debt to the amount of $1,000. Rev. Martin
Andres, of Frenchtown. attended the congregation until 1888,
when he was succeeded at Frenchtown by Rev. G. H. Moss, who
also attended one year at Bradford. Rev. Martin Andres took up
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
a subscription in 1887 to reduce the indebtedness of the church and
brought it down to $372 at the time when Rev. G. H. Moss was
succeeded by the resident priest at Bradford.
Rev. Andrew Schaaf, the third resident priest, took charge of
Bradford July 19, 1889. B3' a subscription he paid the remaining
debt of $372 in the fall of 1889, and in the spring of 1890 had the
church painted outside and necessary repairs made to the amount
of $165, which was raised by collection. In fall of 1890 he built
St. Michael's school at cost of $384.50. This amount was raised
by the pastor outside of the congregation, Rev. Joseph Dickmann,
of St. Joseph's Hill, generously contributing $100. The same
amount was contributed by the pastor, who also furnished the
school. St. Michael's school was opened Easter Monday, 1891,
by Miss Josie Henriott, of Frenchtown, and in September of the
same year the Sisters of St. Benedict, at Ferdinand, took charge
and conduct the school to the present day. In the fall of 1891
the church was frescoed by Charles Krueger, of St. Louis, Mo.,
at a cost of $752.45, which amount the pastor collected from the
people of the congregation. In the spring of 1892 the church
steeple was remodeled at a cost of $175, the cemetery was laid out
in family lots, a large iron cross and crucifix placed in it and it was
otherwise much improved, and in September of the same year St-
Michael's parsonage was erected at a cost of $999.85 ; this is a
modern frame with eight rooms, handsomely furnished by the ladies
of the congregation. The whole amount for the parsonage was
collected b}' the pastor. In 1893 new pews were placed in the
church and were partly paid for by the ladies of St. Ann's society ;
the stations, matting and large bell were paid for by the pastor.
In addition to the church property thirteen lots were pur-
chased around the church, school and parsonage, and three acres
of ground opposite the church; thereby the church holds two blocks
where the church, school, parsonage and Sister-house are located,
and these lots have a frontage of 618 feet and the same on the
opposite side of the street, constituting in all seven acres of land
and twenty lots.
August 3, 1895, Rev. Jos. Sennefeld took charge of St.
Michael's church as the fourth resident priest at Bradford. Father
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
Schaaf, after six years of incessant labor, having been transferred
to Poseyville, Posey county, with headquarters at St. Mary's
church, Evansville. Rev. Jos. Sennefeld collected for the pipe
organ placed in the church $150, and zealously watched over the
flock entrusted to his care till the spring of 1898, when he was
transferred to a new field of labor, St. Thomas, Knox county, and
the Rev. Chas. Cluever took charge of Bradford, and with great
zeal took up the work entrusted to him. He is the present pastor,
the fifth resident priest of Bradford, and stands high in the estima-
tion of the members of St. Michael's church. The congregation
numbers eighty families and the attendance at the school is eighty.
The indebtedness of the church is now quite small.
BRAZIL, CLAY COUNTY.
The Church of the Annunciation at Brazil was founded about
the year 1866, when mass was occasionally read to a small assem-
blage of devotees in private houses in the rural districts and in
Brazil itself by visiting priests from Terre Haute and elsewhere,
the parish being then in its incipiency. Rev. Fathers O'Connor
and Fenton are remembered by the earlier members of the embry-
onic congregation as being among the pioneer spiritual laborers.
The priest who was most prominently instrumental in promoting
the establishment of the first church in Brazil was Rev. Meinrad
McCarty, who came from St. Mary's of the Wood, Vigo county.
Religious services continued to be held in private houses, and for
a time at Dr. Ivnight's hall, until the spring of 1869, when the
Presbyterian church-building, at the corner of Jackson and \\'alnut
streets, was purchased and removed to lots Nos. 22 and 23. Shat-
tuck's second addition to Brazil. The building was enlarged and
improved and used for church purposes until the present com-
modious brick structure, on lots adjoining, was occupied in 1881.
In the interval, however. Father Meinrad McCarty was succeeded
by his assistant. Father Benedict, and he by Father Mousette, who
officiated from 1877 until 1880.
When Father H. Pierrard, the present pastor, took charge in
1880, what is now the school-building was utilized for church pur-
poses. The foundation of the present church-edifice had been laid
"(229)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
and was so far advanced as to be utilized in 1881, but the church
was not fully completed until September, 1883, Father Pierrard
strenuously laboring to^vard the attainment of this object. Sep-
tember 3., the house was dedicated to the worship of God by Bishop
Chatard.
In this parish, which includes the whole of Clay county, were
also established two missions by Father Meinrad McCarty — one at
Knightsville and one at Carbon, but the former was vacated for
some years, although it is now attended by Rev. A. Bohn, while
the latter is administered to by Father Pierrard, whose biography
will be found in Vol. II of this work. The parochial school, in
the old church-building, has been in charge of Sisters from Olden-
burg, Ind., since 1882, and the growth of the school, as well as
that of the church, has kept abreast with the growth of the popu-
lation. The Catholic orders in the parish include the Ancient Order
of Hibernians with its ladies" auxiliary society, the Altar society,
the Young Ladies' sodality, the Society of the Children of Mary,
and the Guardian Angel society.
BREMEN, MARSHALL COLXT^'.
St. Dominic's Church, at Bremen, was built in 1880 by Rev.
Father Duehmig, is a frame structure, 28 x 56 feet, and cost
$2,200. In course of building the church was struck by lightning
and great damage done. Shortly after completion lightning struck
it a second time, and it cost about $700 to repair it. The congre-
gation then numbered ten families, of four different nationalities,
and the number is about the same at the present time. Father
Duehmig attended this church with fostering care until 1894, when
it passed to the charge of St. Hedwig's church at South Bend.
BRIGHTWOOl), MARION COUNTY.
St. Francis de Sales' Church, at Brightwood, a suburb of
Indianapolis, was established by Bishop Chatard in April, 1881,
the congregation being composed of members of St. Joseph's
church, in the Capital city, four or more miles distant. The pas-
tor of St. Joseph's continued in charge of the new congregation
until July, 1881, when Rev. Charles Curran was appointed pastor.
(280r
IX Tin: sTAi 1-: oi- Indiana.
This reverend j^eiitlenian was born at Seneca Falls, X. \'. , (Octo-
ber 22, 1858, was ordained priest at St. Meinrad, fune 11, 1881,
by Bishop Chatard, and was ,i,Mven his appointment at Bright wood
immediately afterward. The Hrightwood congregation at once
petitioned the bishop for leave to erect a church-building, which
permission was readil\- granted and a considerable sum was sub-
scribed for that purpose, but it was deemed more wisely not to
build, but to purchase an edifice which had been vacated by a
Protestant denomination and was offered for sale at a reasonable
price. The purchase was made, and the church was consecrated
to the Catholic faith by Bishop Chatard July 3, 1881, and placed
under the patronage of St. Francis de Sales, with Father Curran
as pastor, as noted above. The property cost about $3,300, of
which amount the zealous pastor, seeking assistance wherever he
could find it, succeeded in paying $1,700.
Father Curran held the pastorate until 1883, when Rev.
Rudolph Horstmann, O. F. M. , was appointed. Father Rudolph
stayed only for a few years. He was succeeded by Rev. Father
Alexius Bernard, Father Ouirinus Stuecker and Father Fulgentius
Eich. In 1892 Rev. Roger Middendorf was put in charge of the
parish.
Rev. Roger Middendorf was born in Ouincy, 111,, and was
educated in St. Francis Solanus college, of that city. In 1884 he
entered the order of St. Francis, and after the completion of his
studies was placed in charge of St. Francis church at Brightwood,
and during the four years of his pastorate labored zealously to
improve the condition of the parish in every way possible. He
established the Young Ladies" sodality, which at present has
twenty-one members; the Knights of St. John, numbering twenty-
five, and the St. Ann's Altar society, which has a membership of
twenty-nine. During the first two years of his incumbency he
saved $700, and from this sum built an addition to the priest's
room at a cost of $600. At the close of four years he was returned
to Ouincy, 111., as a teacher in his alma mater, and was succeeded
at Brightwood by Rev. Simon Schwartz, who officiated one year,
when he was transferred to Keshina, Wis., and St. Francis' con-
gregation placed in charge of Rev. P. Matthew Schmitz, O. F. M.,
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
August 29, 1897. The congregation now numbers eighty famihes,
whose spiritual and worldly affairs are the constant care of the
pious and capable pastor.
BROOKVILLE, FRANKLIN COUNTY.
St. Michael's Church, at Brookville, had its incipiency, prob-
ably, as far back as 1838, when missionaries occasionally visited
Catholics who were then laboring in the construction of the canal,
and also others, scattered along the banks of the Whitewater
river, Rev. Joseph Ferneding being the chief visitor. About 1849,
Rev. William Engeln began visiting the Catholic families regularly
each month, and divine services were held in private houses, that
of Michael Schrank, in the bottom to the south of Broolcville,
serving frequently for this purpose. In 1854, Father Engeln was
succeeded in his pastoral charge by Rev. H. Koering, who found
but fifteen families at Brookville. He raised small contributions
of money from all quarters — ^Catholic and non-Catholic — ^with
which he purchased a lot with a small brick building thereon, and
this he fitted up as the first church, at a total cost of $600.
In the spring of 1857, Rev. Januarius Weissenberger took
charge of St. Michael's, and also of St. Mary's of the Rocks.
Fired with an indomitable zeal for religion, he undertook to build
two large brick churches at the same time — one at Brookville and
the other at St. Mary's, on Pipe creek. At this time, Brookville
numbered about forty Catholic families, in very moderate circum-
stances, and to build a church at a cost of $10,000 was no small
undertaking, but, as the congregation continued to increase, he
eventually met with success, aided largely by Melchior Witt, who
settled in Brookville in 1840 and there died in 1867.
From 1859 until 1863 St. Michael's was attended by Rev. Leo
Osredkar, and in the latter year Rev. G. H. Ostlangenberg became
the first resident pastor. In 1868 Rev. M. Fleischmann took
charge, and in 1869 purchased three acres of ground in the north
end of the town for use as a cemeter}-. In the fall of the same
year were purchased two lots near the church, on which, in 1873,
an imposing school house was erected. The Sisters of the Third
Order of St. Francis bought a lot and residence near by and
(232r
IN TFlli STATK OI' INDIANA.
assumed charge of the parochial school, which is attended by 200
pupils. The parsonage cost over $4,000, and September 10, 1897,
Kev. A. A. Schenk was placed in charge of the parish.
i;ko\\ NsiU'KC, iihiNDRiCKS (:()i'X'r\-.
St. Malachy's Church. — The records of this parish really date
back to only 1867, but mass was said earlier than this date in some
of the homes of the parishioners. Possibly 'Thomas Malloney's
home was the one where mass was said more than j^ny other.
Father McMullen was the first priest who gave any baptismal
record. He was followed in 1868 and 1869 by Father Brassast.
The first part of the church was erected by Father Brassast in
1869. He remained in charge of the congregation until 1870 and
was followed by Father O'Donovan, who remained from May,
1870, to 1874. and he was followed by Father Logan, who built
an addition to the church and who remained until (877. Father
O'Donovan returned in 1878 and remained up to 1881. Next was
Father E. J. Spelman, who administered to the parish from 1881
to July, 1885, when he was succeeded by the present and ef^cient
pastor. Father M. J. Power, who has been the shepherd of the
parish for almost fourteen years. When he came to the parish
there were, good, bad and indifferent, about seventy-two families,
or about 450 souls. At present there are sixty good families in
the parish, and a fair cash value of the Catholic property of St.
Malachy's parish is placed at $3,500.
CAMBRIDGE CITY, WAYNE COUNTY.
St. Elizabeth's Church at Cambridge City was founded about
1842 by Rev. Vincent Bacquelin, who visited the locality occasion-
ally for two years, and his visits were followed by those of Rev.
Michael O'Rourke. Rev. John Ryan succeeded and he was followed
byRev. William Doyle, who visited until 1853, and after him came
Rev. Henry Peters. This priest built an addition to the small
frame church already on the ground, and bought an adjoining lot
with a small house thereon, which served for many vears as the
priest's house. Father Peters was succeeded by Rev. J. M. \illars,
who remained until about 1863.
^^ 1233)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
The first resident priest at Cambridge City was Rev. Joseph
O'Reilly, who, in May, 1864, built the second church on the founda-
tion which had been laid by Father Villars, and remained until
1869, when he was succeeded by Re\. Vincent de Vilas, the second
resident pastor, who remained until April, 1871. From October
22, 1 87 1, Rev. D. J. McMullen, of Rushville, attended until August,
1874, when the Rev. H. Alerding was appointed and found a
demoralized congregation, deep in debt. The debt was canceled,
but on his departure, in the fall of 1874, a debt of $1,000 still
existed, incurred by the purchase of ground in a more desirable
location for a new church. Father John B. Kelly succeeded Rev.
H. Alerding, and under his pastorate the congregation prospered
financially and spiritually. A neat church and parsonage were
erected, and at his departure, in October, 1881, the indebtedness
was only $3,000 on-the new and improved property. Rev. Andrew
Oster took charge in October, 1881, and July 2, 1885, was suc-
ceeded by the present pastor. Rev. Edward J. Spelman, who was
born in Cincinnati, Ohio, September 28, 1850, a son of John and
Anne (Smyth) Spelman, natives of Ireland. I^ev. E. J. Spelman
has filled his position with zeal and industry and good work, and
has officiated at St. Elizabeth's longer than any of his predecessors
and is greatly beloved by his congregation for his piety and faith-
ful labors in its behalf.
The first church, a frame structure, was removed from its
original site and is now occupied as a dwelling by Patrick Shirkey;
the second church is now the passenger and freight depot of the
Big Four railroad. To the erection of the present church Rev.
[ohn B. Kelly contributed $600 of his own mone}', and he is still
dear to the hearts of the congregation of St. Elizabeth. The cost
of the present church was about $8,000, the cost of the residence
was $1,800 and the congregation numbers about forty-two families.
CANNKl. TON, I'i:i<l<\' (OINIW
St. Michael's Church, at Cannelton, originated with St. Pat-
rick's congregation, the church for which was built about 1852 by
Rev. Aug. Bessonies, who then had his residence at Leopold, in
the same county. The Rev. I^ede O'Connor, O. S. B., was pas-
{284r
IN THE STATE Ol' INDIANA.
tor of St. Patrick's from January, i<S54. until April, 1S55, and on
Low Sunday of the latter year Rev. Michael Marendt took charge,
visiting,', also, the followinj^-named missions : Tell City, Troy.
Rockport, St. Mark's and St. Peter's. Father Marendt. in addi-
tion to much other good work, built a parsonage at Cannelton, but
this is not now used by the rector. The following ^ntry is pre-
served in the church records :
Al ;» iiR-eling of the Catliolics of Cannelton, held on Sunday evening, Feb-
ruary 28, 1858, in the school-room, and presided over by the Rt. Rev. Bishop of
\'incennes, it was agreed : First, That the English-speaking portion of the con-
gregati<»n should keep for their own use and benefit the church of St. Patrick and
the lot on which it was liuilt. Second, That the Germans with ttieir own means
and voluntary donations of St. Patrick's congregation should erect, a new church
for their exclusive use and benefit. Third, That the actual parish constructions to
be paid for by both portions of the present congregation should always remain
common pro] lerty, either as a residence for the clergymen having charge of the
congregations or as a school-house for both Englisfi and German cfiildren. 'l"he
foregoing agreement was approved, and it is to be kept in the records of the
church. Maurice, Bishop of N'incennes..
C.ANNEi.Tox, Ixi)., March 2. I80K.
The above agreement was recorded according to the order of the Rt. Rev.
Bislioi), l)y M. Makkxdt, Pastor of Cannelton.
In accordance with the above, St. Michael's church was
erected on the corner of Washington and Richardson streets, the
congregation numbering seventy-four German and four French
families, or about 315 souls. The corner-stone was laid June 13.
1858, by Rev. Chrysostome Foffa, O. S. B., assisted by the Revs.
William Doyle and M.. Marendt, and June 19, 1859 (Trinitv Sun-
day), the fine Gothic structure was blessed by I^ev. Bede O'Con-
nor. The first bell, weighing 1,060 pounds, was blessed January
29, i860, by Father Chrysostome, who also, on September 20,
blessed the cross, which the same day was planted on the pinnacle
of the tower, 156 feet high, The trustees of the church, up to
October, i860, were J. H. Spicker, Nicholas Kasper, P. Clemens
and Jacob Weis.
March 13, 1861, Father Marendt, being financially embar-
rassed, departed on a collecting tour to South America, remained
in Chili and Peru until .\pril 4, 1866. when he set sail on his
return to his beloved parish, and arrived, via New York city, in
l285i
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
Cannelton, May 17. having met with abundant success. During
the absence of this zealous priest, the parish was ministered to by
the Benedictine Fathers of St. Meinrad's and by Revs. Johi Dion,
Paul Wagner, and others, as resident priests.
In I S69 the church was plastered and frescoed, and the base-
ment divided into school-rooms, and the pupils were placed in
charge of three Franciscan Sisters, who also used this part of the
church-building as a residence. The larger boys, however, were
taught by Xavier Marendt. a brother of the reverend pastor.
March 13, 1870, three bells were added to the one already men-
tioned, and were blessed by Father Marendt himself. The minis-
terial career of this venerated clergyman began with the day of his
ordination to the priesthood, March 24, 1855, and closed only
with his lamented death, January 13. 1871.
Rev. Edward M. Faller came to Cannelton in March, 1871,
and officiated as pastor of both congregations until 1878. He
erected a very handsome parsonage and made other valuable
improvements about the church, and largely at the sacrifice of his
own means. He was succeeded, in October, 1878, by Rev.
Michael L. Guthneck, who was appointed pastor of both St. Pat-
rick's and St. Michael's churches. In November, 1881, a lot was
purchased, and August 13, 1882, the corner-stone of the new St.
Patrick's church was laid by Father Faller, assisted by Rev. Chry-
sostome Foffa, O. S. B., and Conrad Ackermann, and the building
completed in 1883. The congregation of St. Patrick's is now
ministered to by the clergy of St. Michaels. Following Father
Guthneck came Rev. F. B. Luebbermann, who remained a short
time only, and he was succeeded by Rev. F. W. Pepersack, and
he by Rev. Aloysius Dannenhoffer, and he, in turn, by the present
able pastor, Rev. John W. Book, who has just completed the
twelfth year of his pastorate, and of whom further mention is
made in a biographical notice on another page. [Note. — Rev.
John W. 15ook passed to his reward in the fall of 1898.
CEDAR OKOVE, FRANKLIN CorNlY.
The Church of the Holy Guardian Angel, at Cedar Grove, was
organized in 1872. Up to that date the twenty Catholic families
(286r
IX THE STATE OF INDIANA.
liviiij,^ in or near Cedar Cirove attended at St. Joseph's, St. Peter's
and Brookxille. The people were anxious to form a conf^regation
and petitioned Hishop de St. Palais to that effect. The good
bishop readily consented and charged Rev. M. Fleischniann. of
Brookville. with the task of gathering the scattering families into
one flock and erecting a snitable church. Mass was said for the
first time in the house of Philip h2schenbach, in November, 1872,
after which a meeting was held and a building committee appointed.
Despite opposition, three acres of land were bought and a brick
church, 30x60 feet, was built. The corner-stone was laid by
Rev. Scheideler, assisted by the Rev. H. Siebertz and the pastor,
on Sunday, September 28. 1873. On the 3d of January. 1874,
divine services were held in the new church for the first time. The
number of families at that time was thirty.
The roster of priests who have had charge of the parish is as
follows: Rev. Joseph Fleischmann, who was in charge of Brook-
ville, took charge of Cedar Grove in 1874; he remained nine vears
and under his prudent administration the parish was able to build
a school in 1877. He was succeeded by Rev. Herman Tegeder,
June 24, 1883, but who died at Cedar Grove, November 24. 1886,
and his successors were I'ievs. Joseph and Stenger, both O. S. B.
Rev. Fr. Koesters was pastor a short time in 1887, and the next
priest was Rev. Geo. Loesch, who was the rector until the appoint-
ment of Rev. T. S. Mesker, the present live and energetic priest,
who was appointed August 15. 1888, and he has labored assidu-
ously with his congregation until the present.
CELESTIXl-:, DTBOIS C()rxr\-.
St. Peter's Ccelestin Church, at Celestine, Ind., dates its history
back to 1844, when a rude log structure was erected, 30x55 feet,
and was dedicated October 6, the congregation then numbering
about forty families, and Rev. F'ather Kundeck, of jasper, being
the founder. This good priest continued his visits until 1849. when
Rev. Matthias Leutner became the first resident pastor and remained
from F^ebruary 25. of that year, until 1850. leather Kundeck again
oflficiated until April, 1S51, v^-hen he made a trip to Europe and a
substitute was furnished in the person of Rev. John Merl. who
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
remained until July lO. 1830. when Father Kundeck returned,
relieved his substitute and remained until September 15. From
October 2, 1853, Rev. Joseph Neuber administered to the needs of
the congregation until May 28, 1854; then Father Kundeck again
officiated until June, when he was succeeded by Father Wirz, who
remained until October 7, 1855, when he was substituted by Father
Chrysostome; Father Kundeck next returned and filled out a short
term until February, 1857; then came a substitute. Father Isidor.
from St. Meinrad's, who remained from May 10 until September
27, 1837; then Father Ulrich, who visited several times; next Fathers
Chrysostome and Isidor; then Father O'Conner had charge from
February 4. 1838, until August 4, 1839; then Father Meister, from
August 31, 1859, until October 24, 1864, and during this pastorate
the second church was built. Father Wolfgang officiated from
March 16 to May 19, 1865, when Father Bruning (whose remains
now lie interred in the cemetery at Celestine) had charge from June
23. 1865, until November 9, 1877. Father Koesters was the resi-
dent priest from January 18, 1878, until June 6, 1883, and he was
succeeded by Rev. Joseph Fleischmann, who served from June 10,
1883, until February 4, 1891, when he was succeeded by the pres-
ent able pastor. Rev. Charles F. Bilger, whose labors in this par-
ish are fully treated of in his life-sketch in \'ol. II.
In June, 1895, the manufacture of brick for a new edifice was
begun; August 18, 1896, the corner-stone was laid by the Very
Rev. John W. Book, of Cannelton, and October 17, 1897, the
building was dedicated by Bishop Chatard. This edifice stands on
an eminence in the southeastern part of the village, is of modern
architecture and of magnificent proportions and appearance. The
auditorium is 88x42 feet, the transept 7 i x 42 feet, the vestibule
19X 19 feet, and the spire, which is surmounted by a gilded cross,
rises to a height of 126 feet from its base, and is furnished with
three bells. The roof is of slate and the interior handsomely dec-
orated, the cost of all reaching $20,000.
The parochial school-building measures 60 x 32 feet, contains
two stories and an attic and stands just east of the church edifice.
The school has an enrolment of about 147 pupils, under the instruc-
tion of three Benedictine Sisters and a lay teacher. The Sisters
IX Till-: STATI-: ol- INDIANA.
occupy tive rooms in tlie school-building. The lay teacher lives in
a cozy residence. That Father Bilger is one of the most energetic
and zealous of the Catholic clergy of the southern diocese of Indi-
ana is shown by the tact that, within the few years he has had
charge of St. Peter's C(elestin's. he has not only released it from
debt, but has placed it in a most flourishing condition, the value
of its property, including twenty acres of land, being not less than
$30,000.
COLIMIUIS, BARTHOLOMEW COUNTY.
St. Bartholomew's Catholic Church. — The first Catholic serv-
ice at Columbus, Ind., of which we have any knowledge, was held
about the year 1822, before a congregation composed of probably
one-half dozen persons. Later Father Lalumiere, an itinerant
priest, visited Columbus occasionally and said mass at the houses
of the Catholic families alternately.
For many years the congregation was without a church-build-
ing and services were held by the visiting priests at some member's
house. Finally, in the late 'thirties, the first Catholic church in
central Indiana was built in Columbus on the ground now occupied
by the Rebennack building. The church was dedicated to the
services of God, under the patronage of St. Bartholomew, one of
the apostles of pur Lord. Father Vincent Bacciuelin became re -
ident priest.
From this time the congregation increased in nutpbers, and in
1855 the Sisters of Providence established the St. Bartholomew
school, which prospered for several years, being discontinued at
the breaking out of the war.
The congregation in 1861 numbered fifty families and was in
a fairly prosperous condition. The war seriously crippled the con-
gregation, as most of its men responded to their country's call and
enlisted in the Union army. Out of the fifty families composing
the congregation, sixty-five men, more than one for each family,
volunteered. This speaks well for the patriotism of St. Barthol-
omew's congregation. The names of these men are on record.
They served either in the commands of Capts. Keith, Gaffney,
McGrayel or Harrington. As early as 1848, during the Mexican
"7239)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
war, Columbus furnished one captain and five privates, who were
members of the St. Bartholomew's church.
In 1874, under the pastorate of Rev. Victor A. Schnell, the
congregation bought the Pence property, corner Washington and
Sixth streets (now occupied by the Odd Fellows' building). This
gave the congregation an entire half-square of fine property, 200
feet front by i 50 deep. Three years later a new school-house was
built and the Sisters reopened their school, which had been closed
since the war broke out.
During the pastorate of the present rector. Rev. A. Oster, the
church property on Washington street was sold and the fine prop-
erty on the corner of Eighth and Sycamore streets was bought of
Hon. Francis T. Hord, whose residence it had been. A new
church, rectory and school-house were built. The property repre-
sents $50,000 in value, with an incumbrance of $5,000.
Since the days when the first priest visited these parts and
held divine ser\'ice before a congregation, composed of one or two
families, the Catholic church in Columbus has progressed steadily,
and to-day St. Bartholomew's is one of the strong forces in the
moral and religious life of the city.
CONNERSVILLE, FAYETTE COUNTY.
St. Gabriel's parish, Connersville, dates from August. 1846,
and at that date began the curacy of Rev. John Ryan, who was
located at Richmond, Ind. He remained in charge of this mission
from August, 1846, to June, 1848. Ne.xt the Rev. William Doyle,
then a resident priest of Richmond, had charge from May. 1849,
to August, 1853, 3-iTd boarded with A. Ebert, and said mass in his
house. A. B. Conwell donated two lots and Father Doyle erected
the first church in 1851, and this was dedicated to St. Gabriel as
its patron saint. The next pastor in charge was Rev. Henry
Peters, who remained from 1853 to December 21, 1873- — a twenty
years' pastorate. He completed the church and erected' a spacious
brick parsonage. The basement of the church was utilized for
school purposes. The location oi the church, being contiguous to
the railroads, was an unfavorable one, so Father Peters purchased
two lots in another part of the town in 1871, and on these lots
(240)
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
erected a school-house of brick, and the Sisters of Providence were
placed in charge, and are still teaching with eminent success and
have an enrolment of 187 pupils. Father Peters was succeeded
by the Rev. Peter Bischof, who remained initil [876, he taking
charge July 12, 1S74. He was succeeded by Rev. J. 1^). H. Seepe,
who officiated from August, 1876, to May, 1881. During his
administration he had a hard struggle to manage the encumbrances
of the parish. He was followed by the present able and efficient
rector. Rev. Francis Joseph Rudolf, who took charge of the parish
May 4, 1 88 1 — an administration of seventeen years.
The present membership of the parish will number 200 fami-
lies, or 1,000 souls; The fair cash value of the Catholic property
of the parish is placed at $40,000. There are five sodalities or
church societies, all in a flourishing state.
COVINGTON, FOUNTAIN COUNTY.
St. Joseph's Church at Covington, Ind., was erected in 1861,
at a cost of $6,000, under the direction of Father Stevens and
Father Rademacher and was dedicated in October, 1867, by
Bishop Luers. Prior to 1859 Covington had been visited by Father
O'Flaherty. of Crawfordsville, and following him came Father
Stevens, from LaF'ayette, as resident priest. He remained until
1863, when Rev. Joseph Rademacher, the present bishop of the
diocese of Ft. Wayne, was given charge of the parish and sur-
rounding missions, and under this able clergyman the church edi-
fice was completed. Father Rademacher was succeeded in 1870
by Rev. J. Blakeman, who officiated until 1874. For si.x months
the pastorate was held by Father Cahill and then, in 1874. Father
Mark was appointed, who did faithful work until 1880. He was
•followed by Father Plaster, who zealously labored until 1885, and
was follow^ed by Fathers King, Lentz and Lemper, and they in
1 89 1 by Rev. John Tremmel, who also has a mission at X'eeders-
burg, Fountain county. The present congregation comprises
about forty families and the parish is in an excellently flourishing
condition.
(-241)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
CK.\\\'l'()KnS\'II.I.I'., MOXTC.OMl'.m (■(irXT\'.
St. Bernard's Church. — The first church-edifice of St. Bernard
was erected about 1855 or 1857, and its first permanent pastor was
the Rev. Edward O'Flaherty, a native of the north of Ireland.
Bernard Kennedy, as layman, was largely instrumental in causing
the erection of this building and freely contributed toward its com-
pletion. The congregation grew apace and in 1874 the new or
present building was erected and named St. Bernard, partly in
honor of Mr. Kennedy. Rev. Father Walters, then pastor of the
parish, superintended the construction, but it was completed under
Father Dinnen's administration, the cost approximating $17,000; a
fine pastoral residence was also erected. The school had been
established in 1866 at a cost of $5,000 and was placed in charge of
the Sisters of the Holy Cross. Father Dinnen had charge from
1878 until 1894, and then came Father Ci:osson. The parish is
now in a most thriving condition and much of its prosperity is due
to the zeal and untiring labors of Father Crosson. January 13,
1898, a destructive fire broke out in the basement of the church
caused by defective heating apparatus, entirely destroying the
interior and causing an expense of $5,000 to replace it.
The school has an attendance of 121 pupils, mostly Irish.
There are 135 families in the parish at Crawfordsville and at
Ladoga, a mission of St. Bernard's, there are eighteen. St. Ber-
nard's church is now under the pastorate of the \'ery Rev. John
Dempsey.
CROWN POINT, LARK (Ol'XTY.
St. Mary's Church. — Father Wehrle was the first resident
priest in this parish and the first baptismal sacrament was admin-
istered December 31, 1865, to Anna M. Huber. daughter of John
and Elizabeth Huber; the first matrimonial sacrament was admin-
istered February 8, 1866, when Matthias Schmith and Catherine
Scherer were united in marriage; the first extreme unction was
administered May 27, 1867; the Holy Rosary society was formed in
1868, and at the dedication of the first church, in 1868, Right
Rev. Bishop J. H. Luers confirmed into the faith and congregation
r242i
IN THl': STATIC ()|- INDIANA.
the following' persons: Jacob F. Sweene}-, John Pinter. M. Joseph
Kramer, Elizabeth Met/, Catherine Johnson, Bridget Johnson,
Catherine Elizabeth Sweeney, Mary Johanna Sweencw M. Ehza-
beth Barman, Mary E. Hardens, Matilda Hack, Mary 11 Hillerich,
Mary Blazer, Anna M. Blazer, M. Catherine Young, Mary Cath-
erine Manus and Mrs. Klein. St. Mary's congregation since that
time has continued to increase and wax strong, and much of this
growth is due to the faithful work of Father Guethoff, whom the
congregation reverence as a pious and devoted pastor and admire
for his many admirable (jualities as a man.
The new church is 50 x i i 3 feet in size and its tower is 145
feet high. The auditorium has a seating capacity for 600 persons,
and the nationality of the congregation is about three-fourths Ger-
man, the remainder being Irish, Polish and Bohemian. The old
church has been raised ten feet, has been remodeled into a school-
house and accommodates at least two hundred pupils. By remov-
ing certain partitions the building can be converted into a hall
60x30 feet. The old structure is two stories high and contains
four school rooms. The church property has 450 feet of frontage
and the same depth, and the priest's residence and Sisters' house
are on the same property.
DAVIESS COUNTY.
It is, perhaps, idle to-day to go back earlier than 18 19 to find
any Catholics in Daviess county. True, priests and bishops passed
through, en route from Louisville to \*incennes and back, but to
dwell on these would be no more fruitful of satisfactory results
than to claim that a certain old converted Indian chief, who was
camped with his tribe on the banks of White river about 1795. and
who used to attend mass at \'incennes. was the first Catholic in
the county. To leave the merely hypothetical and come down to
the authentical, and not to narrow the honors too much, the Mur-
phys and the Spinks at Washington, and the Montgomerys at
Black Oak Ridge, were the first Catholic settlers in Daviess county,
and the Baineys and O'Brians were the first in Martin county.
Reference is had, of course, to the territory now known b}- the
above names.
1243)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
The first church in either county was the rude log one put up
at Black Oak Ridge: the second was the log one at St. Mary's;
the third was at St. Simon's. Washington; the fourth at St. Rose,
Mt. Pleasant; the fifth, St. Patrick, at Glencoe; the sixth, the one
in Miles' settlement; the seventh, St. Patrick's, at the present site;
the eighth, St. Johns, at Loogootee; the ninth, St. Martin's,
at Haw Creek; the tenth. St. Louis, at Shoal's; the twelfth, St.
Joseph's; the thirteenth, St. Michael's. Several churches were
built at some of these points, i. e., four at St. Peter's, two at St.
Simon's, four at St. Mary's and two at Loogootee. Three of the
above, those at Mt. Pleasant, Miles' settlement and Glencoe. have
been abandoned for other sites, the last named only partially, how-
ever, so we have at present ten parishes proper — four in Martin
and six in Daviess county. The great majority of the Catholic
population are those who came from Kentucky or Ireland. The
Germans stand next as to numbers, though they are quite modern
as to date of settlement. There are and have been a few French
families; a few other families came direct from Maryland and a few
from North Carolina, Tennessee, Pennsylvania and • Ohio. The
first settlers were attracted to these counties because of the rich
lands for sale at a very low price. This "land craze," as it may
be called, gave rise entirely to St. Joseph's, St. Peter's and St.
Mary's parishes and largely to that of Mt. Pleasant. The ^^'abash
& Erie canal gave rise to St. Patrick's parish, and added materi-
ally to St. Simon's, St. Peter's and St. Mary's. The O. cS: M. R.
R. gave rise to St. John's at Loogootee and added to all conve-
nient to its line. The opening of the coal mines at Washington,
Cannelburg and Montgomery added many new names to the lists
of St. Simon's and St. Peter's, benefiting the former much more
substantially than the latter, and largely gave use to the church of
the Immaculate Conception. The piking of the state road from
New Albany to \'incennes, which work was never finished, ben-
efited chiefly the Mt. Pleasant or present Haw Creek parish. The
last, and also important, influx of Catholics was occasioned by the
concentration of the B. c\: O. S. W. R. R. shops at \\'ashing-
ton. Ind.
St. Mary's, Uaviess county, was visited in 182S by the Rev.
(244)
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
Simon P. Laluiniere, who celebrated the august mysteries in the
house of Nathaniel Spalding. This house still exists and is pointed
out to the stranger as the beginning of St. Mary's. Divine serv-
ices continued to be held at this house for about five years. Bishop
Brute writes: " A few days after (November 6, 1834; I went with
the Rev. ^tr. l^alumiere to visit his two missions — first to St.
Peter's and then to St. Mary's. The last was not quite completed
and I was requested to name it. It was a great happiness to me
to put the first church which I was called upon to bless in my new
diocese, under the patronage of the Blessed Mother of God, so I
named it St. Mary's, aud promised to return again in two weeks
and bless it when it was finished."
The Rev. M.. de St. Palais was appointed the first resident
pastor of St. Mary's, and remained from 1S36, the year of his
arrival in this country, until 1839, when he was removed to Chi-
cago. The log church becoming too small for the congregation,
Father de St. Palais built a new church.
The Rev. John Gueguen became the second pastor, and had
charge of St. Mary's and the neighboring missions until 1848,
when he was succeeded by the Rev. P. J. R. Murphy. Father
Murphy had charge also of Mt. Pleasant, and built a church there.
The town and church are now both extinct. It is on record that
Bishop Flaget, accompanied by Father Abell, in August, 1823,
confirmed thirty-four persons at Mt. Pleasant: in 1829 Bishop
Flaget again visited the place, and found about forty Catholic
families there. Father Murphx also attended Bloomington. Mon-
roe county.
The Rev. John Mougin resided at St. Mar} 's from 1858 to
i860, when he built a church at Loogootee, and resided there
until 1866, visiting St. Mary's from Loogootee. Rev. J. Leblanc
was pastor of St. Mary's, residing at St. Mary's, until February,
1873, attending also Miles' Settlement, eight miles from St. Mary's.
For six months St. Mary's was then attended alternately by the
pastors of St. Peter's and of Loogootee. The Rev. G. M. Ginnsz
came next, and was pastor from November. 1873, until Septem-
ber, 1875. The Rev. John W. Doyle succeeded him and was the
pastor for three years. The old church becoming too small for
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
the congregation. Father Doyle made preparations for the building
of a new church, but was removed to Washington in the midst of
his work. After him came the Rev. L. M. S. Burkhardt, who
remained from April 4. 1879, until October 16, 1879. Rev. T.
0"Donaghue successfully administered the temporalities and spirit-
ualities of St. Marys. He continued the work on the new church
and completed it in the spring of 188 1. It is a handsome struc-
ture, 110x55 feet. It is the third church built at St. Mary's —
the first bv Father Lalumiere in 1834, the second by Father de
St. Palais in 1839. the third by Father O'Donaghue in 1881.
Father O'Donaghue was succeeded by Rev. John McCabe, Feb-
ruary I, 1890.
St. Patrick's Church, of Daviess county. — One of the old rec-,
ord books at St. Simon's contains the following names as being
those confirmed at St. Patrick's by Bishop de la Hailandiere
November 24, 1845 : James Taylor, Stephen Pennington, Michael
Delaney. William Kane, George Major, John Delaney, John
Brewer and Thomas Agan. Land was first secured about 1837 at
old St. Patrick's, or Glencoe, as it was usually called, by Father
Lalumiere, w^ho bought eighty acres with the intention, it is said,
of laying off and founding a town, to be known as O'Cownetts-
ville, but this project fell through and the land was sold. Soon
the place was attended from St. Peter's and in 1840 the Rev. J.
Delaune built the first and only church, which was of logs. P'ather
Sorin visited it while at St. Peter's and after him it was attended
by Fathers Dupontavice and Ducondray until 1847, when Father
Piers took charge, retaining it until 1870, w^hen the succession con-
tinued as related elsewhere.
Only a small proportion of the graves in the older cemetery
have tombstones, but from these some names and dates of interest
are gleaned. Patrick Donnelly was born in 1798 and died in
1876. Near his grave are buried the remains of Eliza Donnelly,
wife of Owen Cavanaugh, who died in 1881. aged forty-one;
Matthew died in 1849, aged twenty-seven ; Thomas A. died in
1873, aged twenty-seven ; Mary E., who was seven years old when
she died in 1869 ; Mary E. was born in Memphis and the others
in county We.xford, Ireland ; Margaret, wife of Philip Garragan,
(246r
IX THE STATK OF INDIANA.
died in 1854. a^ed fifty. The ^rave of Raphael Smith, a pioneer
settler, is marked by a simple wooden cross, on which is painted
the legend, " Raphael Smith, died 1888," and nothing more.
Part of the land on which the new church stands was devoted
to burying purposes for those convenient to it and is known as the
new cemetery, and the old cemetery was continued in use for the
benefit of the cluster of families living in that locality. The first
body buried in the new place was that of Mrs. Ann Cooney in
1859; and the ne.\t was that of James McGuire, the ne.xt year.
None of the settlers in the immediate vicinity of the church came
here earlier than 1840. Nearly all had been employed on the
canal and came there to invest their savings in land.
The present St. Patrick's church was built in i860 by Rev. II.
Piers, who was then attending the parish from Montgomery.
There were two sides in the congregation, and naturally enough
the one at the old location, Czlencoe, as it was called, was opposed
to the removal of the church, as it would entail a journey of some
miles in attending, but Father Piers thought the new location more
centrally located and decided definitely upon it. The spirit of
dissension thus begotten was left unallayed for some time, but
Father Piers continued the devoted pastor of the people of St.
Patrick's until 1870, having served them since 1847; in 1870 Rev.
William Doyle became the first resident pastor of St. Patrick's.
About 1875 he began the erection of a commodious pastoral resi-
dence, which cost about $2,000. A log addition to its rear was
built, partly of the logs from the old St. Patrick's church at Glen-
coe, and while the two buildings did not blend very well, there
was at least an exemplification of the union that was desirable
between the two wings of the parish. To this house there was a
good stone foundation inclosing a roomy cellar and basement
rooms. Father Doyle also provided the church with a bell, which
cost $250, and this is hung on scaffolding in front of the church.
In 1880 P'ather Doyle resigned on account of ill-health, and
he was soon after succeeded by the Rev. G. M. Ginnsz. who
showed considerable spirit in his efforts for the betterment of the
parish and people. .\s one means to this end he organized St.
Patrick's Total Abstinence society, with a membership of sixty.
"(247}
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
This did much good for sobriety, charity and benevolence, and is
still in existence. In 1883 he made some improvements and
added the finishing touches to the priest's house, which was built
by Doyle. He also undertook the building of a chapel on the
ground where the old St. Patrick's church had stood. He got
several generous subscriptions there and had the foundation built
and some material collected. He vvas removed to Loogootee in
August, 1885, and was succeeded by Rev. Charles Curran, who
has labored zealously for the building up of the people not only
spiritually but temporally. His Sunday sermons always have a
well defined and needed end in view, and the very choicest words
are banded together in smoothest sentences. Father Curran has
greatly improved the church by having it nicely ceiled, re-roofed,
re-floored and wainscoted. He has also purchased an additional
plat of eighteen acres of land adjoining the church property. But his
most important and of course most arduous work was the building
of the chapel and school-house on the site of old St. Patrick's.
He began this work in August, 1887, and completed it in Novem-
ber of the same year. This building is of brick and contains two
well-furnished school-rooms, each 22x28 feet, and a prettily
arranged chapel that contains twenty-four pews. The total cost
was $4,000, and not a cent of debt remains on it now. The chapel
is used only for the celebration of mass when persons are brought
there for burial in the old burying ground. The building is quite
a handsome and showy one and the people of the locality are
proud of it. Edward Lamb, who died recently, was the most
enthusiastic in the matter and contributed $500 to its erection.
His son, James, gave $200; Andrew Farrell, $100; James Morin.
$100; William Donnelly, $100; Michael Zinkans, $100, while
others gave lesser amounts, and many contributed willingly their
labor.
The present pastoral residence was built in 1895. It is a
handsome brick, two stories in height, with ten rooms, and cost
about $3,000. The school is public, but as the patrons are all
Catholic a Catholic teacher is engaged and when the public term
is ended the congregation continues the school for some months by
private contributions, under the same teacher usually, both
K24H)
ST. MARY'S CHURCH,
DECATUR, IND.
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
schools being well attended. The congrej^^atioii numbers about
135 families.
l)i;cATUR, ADAMS COUNTY.
I
St. Mary's Church. — In the year 1837 Henry Dierkes, Henry
Minter, Joseph Smith, Anthony Kohne and Bernard Holthaus
arrived at Decatur, the town having been laid out in 1836 by Samuel
L. Rugg, John Reynolds and Joseph Johnson. At their arrival,
there were but few houses — those of Jacob Huffer, Rugg, Rey-
nolds, Veiier and James Niblick.
In the following year, 1838, came George Fettich, John Mul-
ler, George Spuller, Timothy Coffee, Daniel Coffee, John Closs
and Henry Will. In the spring of 1838 the first mass was said in
George Fettich's house by Father Mueller ; in 1840 arrived Henry
Heidemann and Henry Grutzkamp, and in 1841 John Meiber's fam-
ily came. The second priest of St. Mary's congregation was
Father Hamion. The first Catholics baptized at Decatur were
Minnie Holthaus, afterward the wife of Conrad Brake, and Mary
Closs, now wife of Peter Holthaus. The first marriage was that
of Timothy Coffee and Margaret Mueller, by Father Hamion, on
the lOth of January, 1841. The third priest was Father Joseph
Rudolph. He took up a subscription for a church and was assisted
by Timothy Coffee, who collected $75, and by John Closs and
Anthony Kohne, who collected $200 at Cincinnati. The beginning
of the new church was made by the Spullers, who brought, with
oxen, through the then deep mud, the he^v}- timber for the first
church.
The fourth priest here was Father Moncina and the fifth was
Father E. M. Faller. In 1842 the graveyard in the south part of
town was bought. Father Faller began to build the old church in
1846. Before this time mass was said in Fettich's house, in the
Closs tavern and in the old court house. During this time Father
J. Benoit came here to say mass and to preach in English and in
French and attend the sick. In 1847 the old frame church was
plastered. Father Faller also bought the first bell at Cincinnati
for $60, which bell had to be shipped by canal to Fort \\'ayne.
15 (249)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
During Father Faller's time were bought three more lots, so the
church ground consisted of six. The sixth priest. Father B. H.
Schulties, was the first permanently stationed here, and he built in
1852 the old priest's house and remained until August, 1856.
From August, 1856, until June, 1857, Father Faller and
Father Rudolph paid visits to St. Mary's congregation. From
June, 1857, Father Sebastian Gontez, C. PP. S., officiated until
May, 1858. x\fter him, in 1858, came Father L. Schneider, who
remained but a few months. In July, 1858, came Father Jacob
Greyer, who remained until September. 1862. Previous to this there
were two missions held. The first one, in 1857, by Father Andrew
Kunkler, C. PP. S. ; the second one by Father F. X. Wenninger,
S. J., in 1859. Father Meyers, there being no stationary priest
here, and Father Heikmann, from St. Mary's church, Fort Wayne,
came here occasionally to say mass. In January, 1865, Father
Julius Becks came and remained one year. After him the congre-
gation was without a pastor until the fall of 1865, when Father
John Wemhoff came and remained until September, 1872. He
took up a subscription for the present brick church and had the
foundation laid.
In September, 1872, Father Wemhoff was succeeded by
Father F. Von Schwedler, who remained until February, 1877, and
was succeeded by Father J. Nusbaum, who remained until July,
1880, when he was succeeded by Father H. Theo. W^ilken, who in
the same year, 1880, began the new brick school-house, which
was finished in 1881. He also built, in 1885, anew parsonage,
and is at present the resident priest.
The St. Mary's people have grown from a small beginning
into a large congregation, consisting, in 1898, of 230 families, or
over 1,300 souls. It also has a good church property, consisting
of a large brick church, a good brick school-house with four rooms,
and new brick parsonage. In 1893 a Sisters' house, with twelve
rooms, and a school-house with two rooms were added. May i,
1888, Rev. Wilken was made irremovable rector and in the fall
of 1896 an assistant priest was furnished.
(250j
IN TIIK STATE ()!• INDIANA.
1)()\i:k, I)i:.\ki?()kn county.
St. John the Baptist's Parish at Dover. — The records oi this
parish date as far back as 1840, but in 1820 there was erected a
rude structure, as a place of worship, by the parishioners, who were
chietly Irish and EngHsh CathoHcs, and the parish was admin-
istered to by missionary priests who passed through this section of
Indiana from Cincinnati, Bardstown, Ky., and \'incennes, Ind. In
1840 the records of St. John's assumed permanent shape, and
showthat Father Schneiderjans was the hrst priest who admin-
istered to the people regularly.
Bishop J. B. Purcell, November 5, 1848, administered the
rites of confirmation to the Hrst class of si.\ty-six in St. John's the
Baptist, at Cross Roads, as the name of Dover was then unknown.
Father Schneiderjans, the first resident priest, remained fronn
March 12. 1840, to .'Vpril 26, 1844; he replaced the log church by
a frame structure more spacious, and was followed b\- Kl\-. Joseph
Ferneding from 1841 to June 9, 1842. and his successor was Father
O'Rourke, who officiated from June. 1842, to 1846. Next was
Rev. Andrew Bennett. At this time the little frame church
became too small for the growing congregation, and Father Ben-
nett, in 1847, erected the first brick edifice, 60x35 ^eet, with a
spire and a small bell. He remained until 1858. In 1859 Father
Weinzoepfel attended to the parish from New Alsace until Novem-
ber, i860. Father Anthony Scheideler was the next rector. He
came in December, i860, to St. Leon, Ind., and from that place
attended to St. John the Baptist until 1870. He made great
improvements in the parish. He erected the stations in the church,
built the sanctuary to the church, and put in a new altar in 1863
and in 1864 procured a new pipe organ, the first musical instru-
ment placed in the church. In 1865 he erected the new brick
school of two stories, and two rooms for school purposes and
rooms for the Sisters' home. This parish was the first in Dear-
born county to establish the Franciscan Sisters from Oldenburg,
Ind. March 18, 1866, Father Duddenhausen came and remained
in the parish until September 20, 1870. During his pastorate the
ground was purchased upon which the rectory and the new church
~T25r>
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
Stand, procured a large bell and made other improvements, and all
was paid for. Bishop Maurice de St. Palais went on an official
trip to Rome, but had selected Father Schnel'l to take charge of
the parish before departing. He came in November, 1S70, and
remained until MarCh, 1871, when he returned to his former
charge at Edinburg, which parish had petitioned the bishop for his
return. Following him came Rev. H.J. Seibertz, in April, 1871,
and remained till August, 1877. Du ing his administration, in
1874. he succeeded in erecting the new church and spire, added a
third bell and made other improvements, though leaving the
interior of the church unfinished. He was succeeded by the pres-
ent pastor, Rev. Father B. H. Brueggemann. There existed a
little hard feeling in the parish on account of the removal of the
new church to the present site, but Father Brueggemann, by his
well-known zeal and tact, has restored harmony and peace.
DUBOIS corxTV.
St. Anthony's Church, Dubois county, has had i.ts existence
since 1864, when the Rev. U. J. Meister, from Celestine, erected
a small log church-building and a log parsonage, and remained in
charge until 1868, when he met with a sudden and melancholy
death by being struck by the limb of a falling tree while he was
overseeing the clearing of the church ground. This lamented pas-
tor was succeeded by Rev. Joseph Kauffmann, who officiated
until 1870, and the succession thereafter was as follows: Rev.
Eberhard Stadler until 1872; Rev. Placidus Zarn until 1875; Rev.
Henry Hug until 1877; Rev. Benedict Brunet until 1879; Rev.
Alphonse Leute until 1883; Rev. C. Thomas until 1885, when Rev.
Basil Heusler, the present pastor, was placed in charge.
In 1882 Rev. Father Leute commenced the erection of a new
church-edifice, which was completed sufficiently for divine serv-
ice in 1885. Since the incumbency of Father Heusler, who
■came here September i, 1885, he has put a stone floor in the
church, introduced new pews, placed the bells and roofed the build-
ing with tin. The large altar is of stone and the pulpit on the
north side of the auditorium is of black walnut. The tower, which
is 115 feet high, was also erected by Father Heusler. The new
(2W
I.\ THE STATE OF INDIANA.
church was blessed December 20, 1885, by Rev. ('. Thomas, and
the first divine services therein were conducted on the same day.
September 26. 18S6. the church was consecrated by Bishop Cha-
tard. February 22, 1890, five new bells were received, the total
weight of which is 4,000 pounds and the cost $786.80. These
bells, in June, 1891, were also blessed by Bishop Chatard. June
4. 1^93. ground was broken for a new parsonage. This building
is of frame, is two stories high, contains twelve rooms and has
attached to it an ell. It is a fine looking building, is nicely fur-
nished and is a credit to the pastor as well as to the congregation.
The Sisters' residence, just north of the church-building, was
erected in June. 1897, ^t a cost of $866.35, including work donated.
The total value of St. Anthony's parish is now about $25,000.
The present membership comprises about 100 families, while in
1864 it numbered but forty. The church societies are in a flour-
ishing condition, and the school, which was established in 1864 by
Father Meister, now has an enrolment of 166 pupils, who are in
charge of three Benedictine Sisters. The parish is located seven
miles east of Huntingburg and nine miles southeast of Jasper on
the Air Line railroad, and the little village of St. Anthony has a
population of perhaps 200.
St. Henry's Church. — In 1863 the corner-stone of St. Henry's
was laid by the Very Rev. Bede O'Connor, vicar-general, O. S. B.,
and by him the church was dedicated. There were twenty fam-
ilies in the parish at that time and the congregation was adminis-
tered to by the Benedictine Fathers of St. Meinrad until Father
Benedict came in December, 1865, and here remained until 1872;
Father B. H. Kintrup came in 1878, and during the same year
built the priest's house. In October, 1879, came Rev. Pius
Boehm, O. S. B., the first resident priest, and he remained until
1885. Then Rev. William Wack came and remained until June,
1891.
During Father Pius" time of duty the Sisters' house was
erected, and the school placed in charge of two Sisters. The
school has been conducted by them with some interruptions since
1882. Rev. Frank X. Seegmueller succeeded Father Wack in
February, 1891, but died September 20, 1892. F'^ather Placidus
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
Zarn, O. S. B., then came and remained until October, 1892;
Rev. Alex Koesters came October 25, 1892, and remained until
October i, 1894. In February, 1895, Rev. Ferdinand Hundt
came and remained until November, 1897, when he was succeeded
by Rev. Lawrence Fichter, who remained until March, 1897.
when he was succeeded by Rev. Father Hommes, the present
pastor. The parish is in a very healthy state, and but little debt
rests upon it. The value of the church property of St. Henry is
placed at $5,000.
DYKK, 'lake county.
St. Joseph's Church at Dyer was organized by the Rev. Jacob
Schmitz, who, aided by the liberal contributions of about fifty-one
of tlie leading members of the laity, succeeded in erecting a beau-
tiful church-edifice before the close of July, 1867, at a cost of
$5,000. Feather Schmitz was succeeded, in order, by the Rev.
Fathers B. Th. Borg, B. Wiedau, King, Frund, Steurer and the
Rev. Joseph Flach, the latter officiating from the spring of 1878
until 1883, when he was succeeded by the Rev. Charles V. Stetter,
D. D.. who remained until 1888, when Rev. Joseph Flach was
again given charge of the parish and is still the resident pastor.
The congregation now comprises sixty-eight families, all German
with two exceptions. The school is in charge of one secular male
teacher and one Franciscan Sister of the Sacred Heart, who give
instruction to eighty children.
EARL PARK, BENTON COUNTY.
St. John the Baptist Church at Earl Park was first attended
as a mission of Kentland and of -Fowler until 1888, when Rev.
Father Vauzier became the resident priest and remained until the
•coming of Father Weber. The structure is of frame, is about
30x60 feet in dimensions and contains a large hall. The ceme-
tery, one mile southwest, comprises two acres. As yet there is no
school connected with St. John's, but one is soon to be established.
EC.E, NOHLl-: COUNTY.
The Immaculate Conception Church at Ege (French settle-
ment) was organized about 1853, coincident with the organization
IN THM STATI': O]- INDIANA.
of the church at A\ ilia, and w as attended by clerfjymen from the lat-
ter place until the advent of Father Franzer in 1H77, who remained
until 1S80, when Father Ege came and officiated until 1897. For
a short time thereafter I'^ather Jurascheck ministered to the spiritual
needs of the parishioners, and was succeeded by Rev. F. Faust, the
present pastor, whose name closes the list of incumbents up to date.
The congregation of the Immaculate Conception church, in
the beginning, comprised but seven families, but it now numbers
seventy-five. The first church, a frame, 24x56 feet, was practi-
cally built and donated by Gabriel Girardot, who also donated two
acres of ground. This building was used until 1876, when Father
Duehmig erected the present church, about one-half mile west of
the old site, which is now used for a cemetery. The new building
is 38 X 90 feet, and cost about $4,500. I^ater, Father Duehmig,
who had attended from Avilla from 1867 until 1877, moved the old
church to close proximity with the new, and converted it into a
combined school-house. Sisters' house, and priest's residence, but
this structure was destroyed by fire, and Father Ege erected a fine
new building for the same uses. The school is attended by sixty-
five pupils, who are under the instruction of two Franciscan Sis-
ters of the Sacred Heart.
ELKHART, ELKHART COUNTY.
Cathedral of St. Vincent De Paul. — May 17, 1867, Rev. A.
B. Oechtering, of Mishawaka, pastor of St. Joseph Catholic church
of that place, assumed charge of Elkhart as a mission, holding
services in Conley's hall irregularly until March 8, 1868, when a
permanent organization was effected, under the title of St. \'in-
cent De Paul. A new church was immediately commenced on the
lot purchased by the Rt. Rev. J. H. Luers, then the bishop of the
diocese of Fort Wayne. The corner-stone was laid, July 12. 1868,
by the bishop, assisted by Rev. A. B. Oechtering, pastor, and
Rev. D. Duehmig. of Avilla, the size being 28x56 feet, and on
the 25th of October following the church was opened for divine
services, although in an unfinished state, not completed and dedi-
cated until October 25, 1870. Up to November 27, 1869, Rev.
A. B. Oechtering was in charge, after which Rev. John Oechtering
(255)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
was the spiritual head until November, 1870, when Rev. A. B.
Oechtering again returned and filled the pulpit to November. 1871,
when the Rev. J. H. Ouinlan was appointed; he was the first resi-
dent pastor and remained so until October, 1875, when Rev. M. F.
Noll took his place and remained pastor to May, 1880. when he
was removed and his place filled by the Rev. Kroeger, May 12,
1880. Among the prominent members of the church were Vincent
Voisinett, Joseph Ludwig, August Ludwig, Dennis Brophy, John
Singer, and by the financial aid of Mr. Voisinett especially, the
church was completed, as he not only attended to its erection in
person, but advanced money when needed. July 5, 1878, the
Rev. Kroeger purchased the site of the present cathedral, and
July 5. 1 88 I, the school was erected, and occupied in September
following. March 2, 1887, ground was broken for the new edi-
fice, and the corner-stone laid May 2, 1887, by the Rt. Rev.
Joseph Dwenger, D. D., of Fort Wayne, assisted by Rev. Kroeger,
Rev. A. B. Oechtering, of Mishawaka, Rev. Kirch, C. S. C. , of
Notre Dame, and Rev. J. A. Kroeger, of Goshen, Ind. In length
it is 125 feet, in width 50 feet, and from the ground to the top of
the gold bronze cross on the spire is a height of 143 feet, the spire
alone being 75 feet high. The distance from the floor to the ceil-
ing is 36^ feet, and the brick work has a height of 29 feet. The
ceiling is groined Gothic in architecture, and is remarkably hand-
some. The sanctuary has a space of 29 feet in depth, 21 feet in
width, and is appropriately furnished with symbols. The choir,
which is situated over the main entrance, is also very spacious
and finely constructed.
The stained glass windows were presented by the various
societies of the church and by individuals as follows: The large
central window over the entrance, by Mrs. Martin Jordan, Mrs.
Joseph Foy and Charlie I'oy. The north and south front windows,
by Rev. William Kroeger, C. H. Wagner, Joseph Ludwig. August
Ludwig, Louis Westerman, William Nopper and Frank Karasch.
The first windows on the north and south of the lower part of the
house were also presented by the foregoing gentlemen, making
four in all that were contributed by them; the second window on
the north is a gift of the first communion classes of 1886 and 1888.
IN THK STATP: Ol'" INDIANA.
The third is the jt;ift c;f Anthony Roy and Louis Luclke. The
fourth and fifth came from the Blessed Virj:^in Mary's sodahty.
The second window on tlie south is presented by the Indiana
council, No. 8i, C. B. I^. , the third by C. H. Wagner, and the
fourth and fifth by Rosary sodality. The carpet for the sanctuary
is presented by the married ladies of the Rosary sodality, and the
matting by the young ladies of the Blessed Virgin's sodality.
The inside of the church is very fine, the frescoing having
been done by a Munich student, Mr. Henry Meeker, of Logans-
port, Ind. There is a main entrance at the front of the build-
ing, and a doorway on each side of the entrance. The hghting is
done by two large gas reflectors, and furnaces afford heat. The
present pastor is the Rev. Henry Aloysius Boeckelmann, who was
placed in charge December 30, 1891. The seating capacity is
about 1,000 and 1,200 can be taken care of if necessary.
HL\V( )()!), MADISON COUNTY.
St. Joseph's Church, of Elwood, was organized by Rev.
Father Malone and was later attended, in succession, by Rev-
erends Fitzpatrick, McMahon, Crawley and Wiechmann, until
Father Biegel came. Under Father Crawley a small brick church,
25 X40 feet, was erected, but this was remodeled and enlaiged by
Father Biegel in 1891, and now has a seating capacity for about
400 people. But the energy of Father Biegel was by no means
exhausted by the e.xecution of this work, beneficial as it was. In
1889 he built the residence now occupied by the Sisters, which
served temporarily as a parsonage, and in 1896 erected a hand-
some two-story parochial residence, costing $3,000. He also laid
out a beautiful cemetery of five acres, one mile south of the city,
which is within easy access of the church. The church grounds
are 300 feet front by 240 feet deep, on which, beside the church
building, the parsonage and the Sisters' house, there is a school-
building, 26 X 66 feet, and two stories high, containing four con-
venient school-rooms. The school is in charge of five listers from
St. Joseph's convent, with Sister M; de Sales as directress, and
the attendance numbers 272 pupils. The property on the coming
of Father Biegel comprised two lots only, the additional real
"(257)
A HISTORY Ul" CATHOLICITY
estate having been purchased by him at a cost of about $ 1,000.
while the total value of the property now owned by the-congrega-
tion is placed at $15,000. These figures speak well for the zeal
and devotion of Father Biegel. and have won for him the devotion
and love of his congregation, who esteem him not alone for the
temporal work he has done in their behalf, but for his labors for
their spiritual welfare.
It is the intention of the congregation to build a handsome
new church in the very near future, when the old one will be con-
verted into school-rooms, etc.
ENOCHSBURG, P'RANKLIX COUNTY.
St John's Parish. — The records of this parish date from 1862
only, as all its previous history was destroyed by fire some years
ago. Father Oesterling, a Franciscan priest, had charge of
the parish in 1862, and was followed by Father Heck, who
remained until 1879; he was succeeded by Rev. J. Stolz, who
remained but a few months, and he by Rev. P. Richardus, a Fran-
ciscan, who had charge but a short time. He was succeeded by
Father Kemper, who remained until 1882, when he was succeeded
by the present rector, Rev. James Pfeiffer, who has been the pastor
during the past seventeen years and has made many valuable
improvements in the church and property, among which are new
fences, stone walks, stained glass windows, new pews, a new organ
(costing $1,100), matting for the aisles, a new altar, and new
carpets for the altar, twelve statues, a new slate roof for the church,
and a rector's home. He has paid $1,300 debt on the parish, and
has expended about $5,000 on the property.
The church is erected of stone, and has a spire about 135 feet
in height with three bells; the membership in families is ninety,
and the number of souls, 270. The school is under the guidance
of a layman teacher, under the charge of the priest, and has an
enrolment of sixty-five pupils. St. John's is ten miles east of
Greensburg, and six miles northwest of Batesville, Decatur county.
EVANSVILLE, \'AXDEKBlRc; COUNTY.
Assumption Parish, Fvansville, was the first Catholic congrega-
tion organized south of Vincennes. It, of course, included all the
(258r
IN" THE STATE Ol- INDIANA.
Catholics of Evansville at one time. In the year 1836 this could
easil)' ha\'c been the case, for the Catholic population then con-
sisted of but two families, that of Mr. Linck and that of the late
John \\'alsh. The Assumption remained the sole church until
185 1, when the Holy Trinity parish was organi;:ed for German-
speakinj;- Catholics.
In 1837 Rev. Father Deydier became Evansville's first resident
pastor, and in 1839 a lot on Second street upon which to build
Assumption church was secured for the sum of $1,200. In 1840,
August 5, the covner-stone was laid by the French bishop of
Nancy, Monseigneur Forbin Jeanson, who was then on a visit to
the diocese of \'incenne3. Rev. Stephen Badin, the first priest
ordained in the United States, preached the sermon on the occasion.
In that year Rev. Roman Weinzoepfel, just ordained at Vincennes,
was sent as assistant to Father Deydier. In 1849 Rev. Patrick
McDermott became the assistant priest of Assumption parish. He
-celebrated his first mass in Evansville Christmas day, 1849. He
became pastor in 1S59, when Father Deydier retired to Highland,
near \'incennes, where he died February 11, 1864.
The church property on Second street, through the instru-
mentality of Capt. F. P. Carson, was sold for $50,000, $5,000 of
which was due the bishop and paid to him; and in April, 1871. the
present site of Assumption church, corner Seventh and \'ine
streets, was purchased. Work on the present church began in
1872, and on the 7th of July of that year the corner-stone was laid
by Bishop de St. Palais. \'ery Rev. Bede O'Connor was the
•orator. Father McDermott built the church on the grand scale in
which we see it. He labored with z-al and saintly ardor until
1879, when, much to the regret of his parishioners, he was
appointed pastor of St. • Patrick's church. Indianapolis, where he
■died September 13, 18S2. From the date of removal of Father
McDermott until the appointment of the present very re\erend
pastor, about five months, Rev. John Gueguen, then chaplain of
St. Mary's hospital, had charge of Assumption church. Very Rev.
Eugene F. McBarron took charge November 7. 1879. Under his
administration we can take a more favorable view of the parish
grounds and buildings, for he has made many additions and
"(259)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
improvements. Among these are a fine hall and school-building,
a pastoral residence, the repairing and frescoing of the church and
the purchase of twenty feet of additional ground. These repre-
sent an outlay of nearly $20,000.
The parish grounds extend 200 feet on Seventh street and i 50
feet on Vine street. All the buildings front on the former street.
On the corner stands the pastoral residence, a tastefully con-
structed and happily arranged house, costing upward of $4,000.
About the center of the grounds stands the stately and massive
Assumption church, which cost $73,000. The next building is the
Sisters' house, representing $2,000; and lastly the Assumption
hall and school building, which is worth over $7,000. These
buildings, improvements, grounds, furniture and other parish
property are worth the large sum of $123,000. The debt is only
$13,000.
Assumption church is cruciform and of Romanesque style of
architecture. It is sixty feet wide, ninety feet in the transept,
fifty-two feet to ceiling and 149 feet long. It is built of brick,
with stone trimmings, and is reputed as one of the most substan-
tial and beautiful church edifices in the west. Its interior, espe-
cially since it has been frescoed and ornamented with a grand
thirty-light candelabrum, which cost $700, reminds the artist and
the man of travel of Roman style, Roman richness and good taste.
This obtains as well in the architecture as in the frescoing and
decorations, which latter are kept as much as possible in the same
order. The exceptions are the scattering here and there of a little
of the more modern, just enough to satisfy the taste that inclines
to brighter coloring — the semi-gay as distinct from the grand. The
sanctuary is on the order of the Carthusian monaster , the Cer-
tosa of Pavia, which is the best sample of Italian renaissance in
existence, and whose cloister is the only one in the world that has
ever been decorated. The arches of the side altars are of the
Roman style of the thirteenth century, while the basso-relievo
angels are kept more in the style of Michael Angelo, as seen at St.
Peter's. The ornaments around the windows are designed after
fi
the ceiling is very
fragments in the church of St. Maria del Popolo in Rome, while
the ceilinsr is very much like that of St. Paul's at Rome before the
(260)
IX THE STATli Ol' INDIANA.
licking flames destroyed its admirable works of art. Alto;:^ether,
the interior of the church of the Assumption, as it now stands
fresh from the artist's brush, cannot fail to impress all beholders
who ha\e seen Rome with the majestic and imposing relics of
Italian art in the Eternal cit\". These spectators will be generous
in awarding a large meed of praise to the present pastors and peo-
ple of Assumption parish, and to the Lebor Bros., of Louisville.
who e.xecuted the work. Kt. Rev. Bishop Chatard. whose twenty
years" residence amid such scenes in Rome, has made him a con-
noisseur of art, declares in favor of the excellence of the interior
appearance of Assumption church.
The Assumption schools consist of four rooms, with an enrol-
ment of about 240 pupils, who are taught by four Sisters of Provi-
dence, who live in the adjoining residence, and one lay teacher.
The building is of brick; is 44 x 84 feet, two stories, with thq upper
floor in use as the Assumption hall. It was erected in 1881. The
building committee, which materially aided the very reverend
pastor, and richly deserved the thanks of the congregation, was
composed of the following gentlemen: Patrick Raleigh, M. Gor-
man. Joseph Dillon and T. W. \^enemann.
The church societies are as follows in name: Ladies' Altar
society. Young Ladies' sodality of the Sacred Heart, Children of
Mar}-. Boys' St. Joseph societ}'. St. Joseph's Aid societ}' for Men;
Branch 46, of the Catholic Knights, composed of members from
the Assumption and Holy Trinity parishes, was organized in 1879
by Hon. C. J. Murphy.
Holy Trinity Parish, at Evansville. was not regarded as a
separate congregation until 1851. when the new church of that
name was solemnly blessed in the presence of the right reverend
bishop, and thereafter used exclusi\ely by the German-speaking
•Catholics. Pre\iously, Catholics of all nationalities attended at the
Assumption church. For several years separate services were con-
tinued to be held there for the Germans, and Rev. Fathers Charles
Oppermann, Martin Stahl, Conrad Schneiderjans and Roman
Weinzoepfel succeeded each other in charge of the Germans
and as assistants to Father Deydier. The first resident pastor for
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
the Germans was Rev. Francis X. Kutassy, who arrived in 1848.
It was he who organized Holy Trinity parish and built the church-
In the work of building the new church he was ably assisted
by the following gentlemen, who composed his first building com-
mittee: B. Nurre, H. Ahlerding, H. Hermann, M. Nies, Fr. Zie-
genhagen and H. Rechtin. In 1849 the corner-stone was laid by
Bishop de St. Palais, but on account of the ravages of the cholera
the work was not completed until 185 1. In 1S55 a parsonage
was built at a cost of $1,500. In 1866 Rev. J. Ferd. Viefhaus
was sent as assistant to Father Kutassy. Stained glass windows
were put in in 1867 at a cost of $2,700. In 1868 two large ves-
try rooms were built as an addition to the church, at a cost of
$3,000. In 1873 the front of the church was built newly, and a
grand tower and spire erected. The edifice was then of these
dimensions: Length 147 feet, width seventy feet, height to ceil-
ing thirty-five feet. The spire stands 202 feet. In the tower is a
chime of nine bells, which cost $5,000. In 1S72 Rev. Charles
Loescher became the assistant priest, Rev. Father Viefhaus having
undertaken the work of building up St. Mary's parish. In 1873
Rev. James Merckl became assistant. On the iith of October,
1874, the golden jubilee of the noble pastor. Rev. F. X. Kutassy,
was celebrated with pomp, and as a sort of finish to his labors, for
he died on the 27th of that month, assisted in his last hours by
his dear friend. Father McDermott, who administered to him the
last sacraments. He was buried in the new St. Joseph's ceme-
tery, the first priest there interred, and a grand monument was
erected to his memory in 1875. Rev. Father Merckl was in
charge for seven months, or until the arrival of Rev. P. J. J.
Duddenhausen as pastor. May 19, 1875, to whom was given Rev.
A. Oster, as his assistant, in July of that year. Father Dudden-
hausen began many reforms in the congregation, adopted business
methods and celebrated the public service of the church with pomp
and solemnity. He was given Rev. Wm. Bultmann, as his assist-
ant, July, 1877, and in 1880 Father F.-B. Luebberman became his
assistant, taking Father Bultmann's place, that reverend gen-
tleman having undertaken the work of organizing St. Boniface's
parish.
(262)
IN THE STATE Ol' INDIANA.
Attention was paid to the matter of education as early as i<S5i,
when, with the organization of Holy Trinity parish, its first little
brick school-house was built. In 185:; the Sisters of Providence
came to teach the children of the parish. In i86d a school was
built especially for female children, and in 1863 a residence was
built for the Sisters. A grand clearing out of all the old buildings
took place in 1869, when the present grand school-building was
erected. It is 58 x 105 feet, three stories, with the upper floor
used a hall. The pupils, to the number of 506, are taught by
four Sisters of Providence and one lay teacher.
Rev. Father Duddenhausen died in 1886, and was buried in
St. Joseph's cemetery. His zeal and labors were great, and he
was mourned by his congregation. He was born in Prussia, June
15, 1842, emigrated to the United States September 20, 1863. and
was ordained priest December 23, 1865. He was pastor at Law-
renceburg from October, 1870, until May, 1875, when he became
pastor of Holy Trinity parish, Evansville. He was succeeded by
Rev. H. John Diestel, who, for nearly a quarter of a century had
been the pastor of St. Philip's, in Posey county. He became pas-
tor of that church January 15, 1865, made many improvements,
including the building of a new^ church, and left the congregation
not only free of debt, but with money in the treasury.
Father Diestel was born in Hanover, Germany, October 7,
1838. Having made his preparatory studies, he emigrated to the
United States in 1857, and entered St. Charles' seminary at \in-
cennes, where he was ordained priest by Bishop de St. Palais,
December 21. 1864. Father Diestel is a portly man, of soldierly
bearing, a fact which corresponds with his having ser\ed in the
United States army. In the pulpit he is of great force, and is
known as an eloquent and earnest preacher.
Holy Trinity church, thus provided for, and having been
recently much improved and renewed, is prominent among the
Evansville churches, not alone on this account, but because the
congregation, even after giving up 200 families to the new St.
Anthony's parish, is yet the largest in Evansville, having over 400
families, or nearly 3,000 souls in all. Among the many improve-
ments, the frescoing of the church must be especially mentioned.
~(263j-
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITV
It.is tasteful and cheerful, almost approachin<i the j^a}', and has
considerable merit. It cost $3,200. The parish grounds are at
the corner of Third and Vine streets, and are i 50 .\ 225 feet. The
parish debt is $16,650.55 and the value of the propert}' is over
$125,000.
St. Mary's, in point of time, is the third of the Catholic con-
gregations formed in Evansville, and of the German-speaking par-
ishes it is the second. In all other respects it is worthy of equal
consideration with the best and most flourishing in the city. It
dates back to 1866, the year of the appointment of its present
pastor by Bishop de Saint Palais. Its territory comprises that
portion of the city east of Main street, and the division just made
in the erection of the new St. Anthony's parish diminishes by
about fifteen its 270 families.
The first work done by the pastor. Rev. John Ferdinand \'ief-
haus, after the purchase of the present site of the parish buildings,
was the erection of a two-story brick school-house at a cost of
$5,000. This building is at the southeast corner of Cherry and
Upper Sixth streets, where, on the former street, the parish
grounds extend 240 feet, by 145 feet on the latter. The next of
the parish buildings is the church, a brick structure of imposing
architecture and dimensions. The corner-stone was laid by Bishop
de St. Palais, October 28, 1866. Sixteen priests were present,
together with a vast concourse of people, ^'ery Rev. Bede O'Con-
nor and others preached on the occasion. It was finished Decem-
ber, 1867, was dedicated by Bishop de St. Palais on the third Sun-
day in Advent, and was used for the first time January i, 1868.
It is Gothic in style, and its dimensions are 66 x 140 feet, its center
ceiling being 50 feet high. The frescoing is tasteful, the altars
elegant and in keeping with the style of architecture, and the
organ, too, is a very good one. The spire, surmounted by a
golden cross, stands 175 feet, and in the tower is a chime of three
bells that are noted for size and sweetness of tone. St. Mary's
church, including pews, altars, bells, organ, etc., has cost
$60,000.
The next building in order is the pastoral residence, a com-
(264r
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
modious two-story brick structure which cost $6,200. It was
built in 1.S81. The last and the ne.xt best building after the
church is the girls' school and the Sisters' house, a three-story
brick edifice. 45 .\ 80 feet, which is good value for its cost, $14,000.
It v.'as erected in 1871, and about 400 pupils are taught by four
Sisters of St. Francis and one lay teacher.
From a report made to Bishop Chatard, in 18.S0, by the then
reverend pastor, it appears that during the thirteen years from
1867 to 1880 St. Mary's congregation paid out for improvements,
interest, salaries, etc., the very large sum of ^152,000. This was
a most e.xcellent showing, and manifested the accord with which
both priest and people labor for the common good and the
the advancement of religion and education. Much of the prop-
erty was bought when high prices obtained, and most of the par-
ish buildings were erected under such circumstances; the property,
taken as a whole, is still worth the high cost price, shows no depre-
ciation, and is cheap at the low estimate of $100,000. The
debt is only $18,000, and the number of souls exceeds 1,800.
The societies of the parish are numerous and prosperous, the
prominent ones being St. Joseph's society for Married Men, St.
Aloysius' society for Young Men, the sodality and society for
Young Ladies, the St. Mary's society for Married Ladies, and the
Third Order of St. Francis. The present pastor of St. Mary's is
the Rev. Joseph Dickmann.
St. Boniface's Parish, of Evansville, is the fourth parish in the
order of time and the third of the German-speaking Catholic con-
gregations in Evansville Its territory formerly belonged to
Holy Trinity parish, but on account of its remoteness and the
inconvenience the large German population of the northwestern
portion of the city were subjected to by having to attend at Holy
Trinity church. Bishop Chatard, on learning the situation, created
the new parish. He did so very gladly, chiefly to lighten the bur-
dens of the people, and also because they seemed perfectly able
and willing to take care of their own material interests.
The first move in the creation of St. Boniface's parish was a
meeting of prominent Catholic Germans at the residence of
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
Charles Schulte, on Wabash avenue, October 20, 1878. Beside
Mr. Schulte, who was the prime mover, there were present at the
meeting Henry Riteman, Adam Helfrich, John T. Rechtin and
Aug. Rosenberger. A letter setting forth the facts was sent to the
bishop, and block 63, on Wabash avenue, 400x250 feet, and
worth $10,000, was purchased for $5,000, as the site of the parish
buildings. With this the matter rested until November, 1879,
when Charles Schulte and J. Theo. Rechtin called upon the bishop
and urged the creation of the proposed parish. On January 4,
1880, Bishop Chatard visited Evansville, received the deed to the
property from the gentlemen named, created the St. Boniface's
parish, and appointed as its pastor Rev. \\^n. Bultmann, who lived
for one year at the home of Charles Schulte without cost to the
congregation. Father Bultmann had been the assistant priest at
Holy Trinity church. At the meeting of interested Catholics where
these things were done, $10,000 were promptly pledged in support
of the new parish. Work was begun on the temporar}' frame
church February i of that year, and on the following Sunday,
February 6, high mass and vespers were sung in the same, to the
delight of the people. Miss Mattie Raleigh played the organ.
After two months an addition had to be made so as to accommo-
date the people; and this wooden structure, 36.\ 1 12 feet in dimen-
sions, less than a year later had to give way to the present grand
edifice.
The corner-stone of the present St. I-5oniface's church was laid
with imposing ceremonies September 4, i88i, by Rev. Roman
Weinzoepfel. Father Duddenhausen preached. All the Catho-
lics of Evansville were out in their thousands, and the day was a
memorable one. The work on the new church was pushed so
rapidly that the sacred edifice was dedicated by the Rt. Rev.
Bishop, April 27, of the following year. Rev. J. Ferd. Viefhaus,
pastor of St. Mary's church, delivered the dedicatory sermon. On
the occasion the Rt. Rev. Bishop was the guest of Mrs. Charles
Schulte. The church presents one of the grandest and most
imposing front views of any other church edifice in Indiana. It is
seventy feet wide by 147 feet long, and its^'two spires stand 202 feet.
In its towers are three bells weighing 3,700 pounds. Two of these
(266)
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
were donated. A new corruj;ated iron ccilin;^ has taken the place
of the plastered ceilinj; and is richly frescoed. The woodwork and
furniture are grand, e.xcellinj; anything of the kind in the state.
This enterprising parish continued its improvements, for in
1885 it erected a splendid school-building at a cost of $10,000.
The first frame school was built by Adam Helfrich, and its use
donated by him for a year, fn the beginning the number of school-
children did not exceed fifty, but at this writing 267 are in attend-
ance. From a small structure of only three rooms, 18x24 feet
each, in 1881, the school accommodations have been enlarged
and improved, and the present beautiful school-building contains
six rooms, each 24x36 feet, with spacious halls and an imposing
exterior. Six Ursuline Sisters from Louisville are in charge.
Bishop Chatard dedicated the school-building in December, 1885,
Rev. Father Bultmann, having the greatest faith in the use-
fulness of church societies, organized them the very first Sunday
on which mass was celebrated in the new parish, February 6,
1881. These societies are: St. Ann's society for Married Ladies,
St. Mary's sodality for young lady members; St. Boniface's
Men's society, and St. Aloysius society for Young Men. Besides
these, the Catholic Knights, Branch 511, began with forty-six mem-
bers, but is more than double that number at present. Not includ-
ing a pastoral residence, the value of improvements and grounds of
St. Boniface's parish is nearly $100,000. This estimate is based
upon the following figures: The church cost $68,000, the school
$10,000, the grounds, worth $10,000, cost only $5,000. Allowing
for increase in value of real estate, and not including furniture,
statues, etc., the large sum of $100,000 is almost accounted for.
If we subtract the amount of indebtedness ($43,000) from the
above sum, it will be seen that for each of the seven years of its
existence this plucky and enterprising congregation has contributed
nearly $10,000. What the future will be depends upon a con-
tinuance of the energy, harmony and zeal which have obtained in
St. Boniface's parish from the beginning. The people are gener-
ous, and take a just pride in their parish and its institutions, while
their pastor is devoted, laborious and lovable. The present pastor
is the Rev. L. M. S. Burkhardt.
~{m)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
Sacred Heart Parish is the fifth organized in Evansville and
the second of the English-speaking congregations. Within its
present hmits there were found fifty famihes in 1885, for whom it
was a great hardship to be obHged to attend the Assumption
church, situated more than a mile distant. On learning the facts
the right reverend bishop consented to the building of a church
for these people, which would be, until further notice, a sort of
chapel of ease to Assumption church. Very Rev. E. ¥. McBar-
ron and Rev. P. H. Rowan, pastors of Assumption parish, began
the good work in June, 1885. During their tour collecting funds
for the new church they were cordially received by all the people,
who manifested a very generous spirit. John A. Reitz, a prom-
inent, wealthy citizen of another parish, donated not only the
ground, 75 x 150 feet, but also the church building, 32 x 85 feet,
the construction of which he personally superintended. He made
another donation, March 20, 1888, of ground for the proposed
Sacred Heart school, instructing the pastor, Rev. P. R. Fitz-
patrick, to go on with the work and call upon him for the money.
Rev. P. R. Fitzpatrick took charge of the Sacred Heart par-
ish December 4, 1887, and its independence dates from that time.
The church was dedicated November 15, 1885. The dedicatory
-ceremonies, in strict conformity with the ritual of our Holy church,
■were performed with due solemnity. The Rev. Father McBarron
blessed the new edifice, and immediately after celebrated the first
imass in the neat and elegant Sacred Heart church. The reverend
clergy of Evansville assisted at the mass, in the sanctuary. The
sermon was delivered by Rev. Father Bultmann. While the new
church was in course of erection the Rev. Fathers McBarron and
Rowan visited the various families of the newly organized parish
and solicited subscriptions for the (interior) equipment of the church.
Their appeal to the people was not in vain, for each family con-
tributed so generously that to-day the new church of the Sacred
Heart is without a cent of debt. Of course, the attainment of
such a happy result is attributable to the zealous efforts of the
reverend Fathers, to the munificence of John A. Reitz and to the
generous contributions of the parishioners. The sacred vessels
and vestments were donated by members of the Assumption
IN THE STATE Ol- INDIANA.
church. The names of the donors and the articles donated are as
follows: A beautiful chalice was donated by William Hu^^hes; an
elegant ciborium by |ohn Nolan ; a handsome ostensorium was
given by Mr. and Mrs. Charles Yaeger; the vestments were
donated by Mr. and Mrs. William Gorman; a large-sized picture
of the Sacred Heart was given by Mrs. James Crosby; a beauti-
ful stole was given b}' Miss Clara' Reis. Toward the purchase of
a new altar the following ])ersons contributed: Edward White,
$25; Mrs. A. Reis, $25; Mrs. Sarah Shea, $5. A number of other
persons contributed their mite toward this worthy object.
The holy sacrifice of the mass is celebrated in the Sacred
Heart church every Sunday and holy day at 8:30 a. m. At 2:30-
1'. M. every Sunday catechetical instruction and recitation of the
rosary. The Catholics of the new parish are enthusiastic over
the spiritual work which has been inaugurated in their midst, and
are making every just effort to assist the reverend Fathers in mak-
ing the new congregation flourish, and in causing it, too, to verify
the parable of the mustard seed.
Rev. P. R. Fitzpatrick, pastor of the Sacred Heart church at
Evansville, is a native of Ireland and was born in county Carlow
in 1843. He was educated for the priesthood in his native coun-
try, but when quite a youth came to the United States, and was
ordained priest at Vincennes December 21, 1864. by the Right
Rev. Bishop Maurice de St. Palais. He celebrated his first mass
at Madison, in which city he remained a short time at the request
of his intimate friend, the \ ery Rev. Father Duponta\ice, to aid
him in making an addition to the church and in erecting its spire.
He was then assigned to \'evay, Switzerland county, where he
zealously and effectively labored in arousing the people to an
interest in the progress of the church, and was ne.xt sent, Jul\- 6,
1866, to Indianapolis, as an assistant to the Right Rev. Mgr.
Bessonies, who was then engaged in building the present St.
John's church. Father Fitzpatrick proved to be an active and
valuable assistant to Mgr. Bessonies, and did much to aid him in
improving both the spiritual and temporal condition of his congre-
gation.
In 1869, Father Fitzpatrick was placed in charge of what is
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
now known as St. Patrick's parish in Indianapolis, where he built
the beautiful church-edifice of the same name, which he completed
in 1871. During his sixteen years' incumbency of this pastorate
Father Fitzpatrick was untiring in his exertions for the promotion
of the welfare of the parish, and since his appointment to the
church of the Sacred Heart at Evansville his ardor and industry
have in no manner been relaxed. To quote M. W. Carr, the able
writer and accomplished publisher of many pamphlets touching
the history of Catholicity in the state of Indiana, the following
paragraph may be here added with indisputable propriety:
In every place, and under every circumstance, he has shown
himself to be a true son of Erin, and a devoted priest who would
give his life for his faith. He has a warm nature, a generous heart,
and a bright, well-stored mind. For these reasons, and also
because of his honesty of purpose and out-spokenness, he is admired
and much beloved by the thousands who know him in Indiana.
To hear him from the pulpit is to be reminded of other times, and
to be of his auditors while he is on the lecture platform is to feel more
than you can make manifest by applause or rapt silence. The
people of Evansville experienced this on the evening of March 18,
1888, last, when, in Assumption hall, he lectured on " The Mission
of the Irish People, " before one of the largest audiences that has
assembled in the city for many years. Father Fitzpatrick is a
scholarly priest, and a most hospitable and genial gentleman.
Under his guidance the new Sacred Heart parish will grow in both
moral and material prosperity.
St. Anthony's Church, at Evansxille, Ind., dates its history
from ihe year 1885, when the Right Rev. Francis Silas Chatard,
fifth. and present bishop of Evansville, was presented, by Mrs.
Magdalena Reis, with a lot 14OX 250 feet, with the stipulation that
a church edifice be erected upon the ground. In 1888 the bishop
was petitioned, by about i 50 families, for permission to organize a
congregation, and for the presence of a priest for that purpose. In
April of the same year. Rev. Joseph Schuck was appointed; he
called a meeting of residents — the prospective parishioners — the
congregation was duly formed, and Rev. Johann Diestel installed
as pastor. A building committee, composed of Edward Juergen-
meier, j. H. Borgman, Bernhardt Kluck, Franz Moers, Ernest
(270r
IX THE STATE OF INDIANA.
Hoffman and Joseph Kaelin, was appointed, and the work of col-
lection of subscriptions begun for the purpose of raising funds for
the erection of a school- house, which should also be used for
church services. Father Schuck, however, was taken ill, and in
May was succeeded by Rev. Kaspar Seiler, and the work vigor-
ously continued. Building plans were drawn up, were presented
to and approved by the bishop, and the contract for the erection
of the structure was awarded to Edward Juergenmeier the cost
to be $8,480. During the interval from June 17, 1888, when the
corner-stone of the building was laid, until its completion, in
October, services were held in the upper story of the dwelling of
Mrs. Reis, where the first mass had been read on the i 3th, on St.
Anthony's day. In this dwelling, also, rooms were provided for
the accommodation of the pastor until the completion of the par-
sonage.
Bishop Chatard officiated at the laying" of the corner-stone,
and the first services were held in the new building November 4,
1888, and the church dedicated June 17, 1889, by the Right Rev.
Abbot Fintan Mundtweiler, of St. Meinrad, Ind. The contribu-
tions to the erection of the building had amounted to nearly
$7,400, and at the first service, se\enty-two pews, or seats, were
rented for one year, which netted $1,510, and still there remained
an indebtedness of $3, 103. At the opening of the school, in
October, 1888, there were iio children present, and the school
placed in charge of the Franciscan Sisters of Oldenburg, Ind.
There were then only two classes, but in a few months the num-
ber had increased to 165, and a third class was formed; in Sep-
tember, 1892, was a fourth class added, and in the spring of 1896
a fifth.
In March, 1889. the good Sisters of Oldenburg purchased a
piece of property opposite the original school and church-building
for $2,400, and on this lot now stands the present handsome
school-building and the residence of the Sisters, which was erected
at a cost of $10,000.
In the spring of 1889, the parsonage was completed, and,
with the necessary furniture, cost $3,000. The increase in the
congregation had now made it plain that a new church-building
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
was a necessity, and steps were taken for its erection. Plans were
prepared by Rev. Brother Adrian, an accomplished architect of the
St. Louis Franciscan province, and came to hand in August, 1893.
The corner-stone was laid by Very Rev. A. Scheideler, vicar-gen-
eral of Indianapolis, in May, 1894, the stone contract having been
awarded to Anton & Philip Kessler, for $4,000, and the contract
for the brick work to Hoffman Bros., for $26,439. The edifice
was under roof in the early fall, and October 20, 1895, the con-
gregation took possession. The dedication was postponed until
spring, and in the meantime the altar had been put in place and
the interior decorations finished. By November 17, the seats in
the new church had been rented for $2,800, and May 25. 1S96,
the church and its furnishings were consecrated by Bishop F. S.
Chatard, assisted by the bishops from Belleville, 111., and Nash-
ville, Tenn.
St. Anthony's measures 63x165 feet, with two towers, each
150 feet high, the interior formed of three naves, and the fresco
work was done by \V. Kloer, of St. Louis, Mo., and \V. T. Feld,
of Chicago, 111., at a cost of $3,400; the richly-pictured cyclus is
from Zettler, of Munich, and represents some of the principal
events in the life of the Blessed Virgin Mary and that of her Son.
The following statistical information in regard to St. Anthony's
congregation will be found interesting: Cost of temporary church
and school-building with furniture, $13,000; parsonage and furni-
ture, $3,000; new church (without bells or organ), $45,000; total,
$61,000. Subscription for the new church, $17,000; donations for
windows, etc., $3,000; collections of money in other Catholic
churches in Evansville, $1,500; money, which was collected
before and during the building of the church, through rents of
seats, etc., $15,000; total, $36,500. Number of schools is five;
number of scholars, 433; number of families, 350; Men's society
of St. Anthony, ninety-five; Ladies' society of St. Anna, 140; \'ir-
gins of St. Agnes society, seventy; St. Stanislaus Young Men's
society, thirty; Virgins' sodalities of Maria, sixty-five; Knights of
St. John, thirty; Catholic Knights, eighty; Catholic I\nights'
Benefit society, fifty; Third Order of St. Francis, 100.
(272)
IX THE ^TATE OI' INDIANA.
FEKDIXANl), DUliOlS COrXTV
St. I'erdinaiurs Church. — The \illage of Ferdinand, Dubois-
county, Ind., will number at present about 8oo souls, and is one
of the largest congregations of which the Benedictines have charge
of in the diocese of \'incennes.
Rev. Ulrich Christen and Rev. Bede O'Connor arrived and
established themselves here in 1853, and in 1854 they had a stone
church erected; a Hne organ was placed in it in 1857, when Father
Ulrich was called to St. Meinrad; in 1858. Father Isidor assumed
charge of the congregation, numbering 400 families, attending,
also, Mariahill until April. 1861. During his tihie, in 1858. the
main altar was erected; and in 1859 the two side altars were put
in place; in i860 a new bell was procured, and oil paintings for
the altars arrived in 1861. Father Fintan was pastor during
April and May, of 1861; Father Chrysostome from May 12, 1861,
to 1 87 1. Father Chrysostome was called to Terre Haute, how-
ever, to relieve Father Bede. and Father Wolfgang had charge of
Ferdinand from June 5, 1864. to February 22, 1865, and Father
Isidor until Father Chrysostome's return. March 19. 1865. In
1868 the congregation numbered 2,000 souls, and 350 children at
school. Father Henry, in November, 1868, was sent to assist
the resident pastor.
Rev. Eberhard Stadler was given charge in 1871. He had,
as his assistants, respectively. Revs. Maurus to 1S76, Conrad
Placidus, Maurus, Boniface and Puis. On June 19, 1870. the Rt.
Rev. Bishop Luers, of Fort Wayne, solemnly dedicated St. Ferdi-
nand's church, Father O'Connor preaching the sermon. Father
Prior Martin was assistant priest; Fathers Wolfgang and Fintan,
deacons of honor; Revs. Benno and Boniface, deacons of the mass;
Father Isidor, master of ceremonies; Father Chrysostome and
Father Benedict, chanters. Father Eberhard was absent at St.
Mary's, in Indianapolis, from November 13, 1873, until August i,
1874. His assistant. Father Maurus, had charge during that time,
assisted on Sundays and festival days by Father Wolfgang. Janu-
ary 23, 1876, Abbot Martin blessed the chapel of the Blessed Vir-
gin; June 3, 1S76, the cemetery, much enlarged, was blessed, and
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
the corner-stone for the chapel of the Seven Dolors was laid by
Abbot Martin, and blessed by Father Prior Fintan, March 23,
1877. The value of the church property reaches $73,300. The
number of families in the parish will number 370, and the church
attendance reaches 1,800.
Floyd's knobs, floyd county.
St. Mary's Church of the Assumption. — This parish is possi-
bly the second oldest in the state of Indiana, and mass was said
several years in the homes of the settlers, ere a log church was
erected.
Father Ne3'ron was among the first pioneer priests who
administered to the parishioners, which was about 1833. Fathers
Badin, Able and Reynolds were also among the earliest priests in
the parish. The first edifice erected was of logs and remained
standing until about 1837. The first land which was donated to
to the parish was given by Thomas Piers, faj:her of the well-known
Bartholomew Piers, who was priest at St. Peter's, Daviess county,
Ind., for forty-seven years. He gave one acre of ground and
the church which was built by the people. The following roster
of priests is given the historian by Messrs. James Burns, F. A.
Receveur, and Adolphus Banet: Resident parishioners — Fathers
Neyron, Bessonies and William Doyle, Rincas and Gueguen, who
built the first priest's home; G. M. Ginnsz, Father Stremler
(who enlarged the priest's home). Father Strieker (who built the
home of the Benedictine Sisters), and Father Hillebrand, the pres-
ent pastor. The present church was erected in 1837. The ground,
seven acres, was given by Michael Ouencez and Patrick Byrne,
who gave three and one-half acres each. This land includes the
premises of the priest's home and the cemetery, and was donated in
1837. The fair cash value of the parish property is about $7,500.
fort WAVNF, ALLEN COUNTY.
Cathedral ol the Immaculate Conception. — The first Catholic
house of worship at F"ort Wayne, Ind., was a small, frame
M'eather-boarded shanty, erected in 1837 on the site of the pres-
ent imposing cathedral-edifice, and was known as St. Augustine's
<274r
IX THE STATi: Ol" INDIANA.
church. In 1S57 the diocese of N'incennes. which up to that time
had included the whole state oi Indiana, was divided, and the
northern part of the state erected as the diocese of Fort Wayne,
with the city of the same name as the episcopal see, and with
the Right Rev. J. H. Luers as first bishop. In 1859. when prep-
arations were made for the erection of the present cathedral,
the original frame church was removed to the east side of the
cathedral square, facing on Clinton street, but a short time after-
ward was destroyed by fire, supposedly the \\'ork of an incendiary.
Bishop Luers and the Rev. J. Benoit began the erection of
the new cathedral, in the year last mentioned, aided b\" Henry
Baker. Michael Hedekin, Maurice Cody and Jacob Kintz as a
building committee. The cost of the building proper was about
$54,000, while the organ, pews and other furniture cost over
$9,000 extra. Of this amount about $14,000 resulted from col-
lections or subscriptions in Fort Wayne, and $2,000 from a fair
or bazaar. The balance was collected by Father Benoit while
on a visit to New Orleans in i860, or realized from other sources,
including his private purse, and the entire cost full}' met. The
architect of this magnificent building was Thomas Lau, who also
held the contract for the carpenter work, while the brick work
was done by James Silver. The episcopal residence was erected
by Father Benoit at a cost of $16,000, which he paid from his
own resources, with the exception of $2,000, which was paid by
the diocese.
Right Rev. Bishop Luers passed away in June 1871, and
was succeeded by Right Rev. Joseph Dwenger April 14, 1872, and
at his death, January 22, 1893, was succeeded by the present emi-
nent priest, Joseph Rademacher, D. D.. who was transferred to
the bishopric of Fort Wayne by pontifical letters, dated July 14,
1893. Father Benoit remained pastor of the cathedral for several
years under Bishop Dwenger, but on account of increasing age
relinquished his charge. Among other pastors who have of^ciated
at the cathedral may be mentioned the Revs. E. P. \\'alters, J.
H. Brammer, A. M. Meili, W. F. M. ORourke, J. M. Graham,
M. E. Campion, J. Grogan. P. M. Frawley. J. R. Dinnen. J. M.
Hartnett, L. A. Moench, H. A. Boeckelmann, P. F. Roach, J. F.
1275)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
Lang, T. M. O'Leaiy, J. 1'. Delaney, M. J. Byrne, the present
clergymen being Right Rev. Joseph Rademacher. bishap of the
diocese; \'ery Rev. J. H. Brainmer, vicar-general; Rev. Charles
B. Guendling, secretary; Rev. F. Koerdt, defensor matrimonii;
Rev. J. H. Bathe, procurator fiscalis, and Revs. Frederick Dan-
durand and John Durham, assistant pastors.
The school for boys attached to the cathedral is attended by
381 pupils, under the supervision of eight Brothers of the Holy
Cross, with Rev. John Durham as reverend director, and the
school for girls, connected with St. Augustine's academy, is
attended by 401 pupils, with eighteen teachers and Rev. Frederick
Dandurand as reverend director.
The Mother of God Church was founded in 1848, when thirty
German families, who hitherto had attended St. Augustine's
church, manifested a desire to build a house of worship wherein
they could have the gospel preached in their own language, and
accordingly purchased a few lots at the present intersection of
Lafa\'ette and Jefferson streets, for $1,700. To secure the pay-
ment of this money Bernard Meyer, Nicholas Jostvert. Henry and
Lucas Hoevel, and Bernard Voors gave a mortgage on their farms.
The first church council consisted of Rev. E. Faller, Joseph Som-
mers, B. Rekers, Martin Noll, G. Fox and H. Englert; the build-
ing committee was Father Faller, B. Rekers, Lorentz Meyer,
Ulrich Rehne, Herman Englert and Joseph Sommers. Lorentz
Meyer dug the hrst earth for the foundation of the new brick
church, which at present serves as a girl's school. The dimensions
of the building were 32x64 feet. In Auijust of the same year the
cholera interrupted the progress of the work, but the church was
brought to completion in November, and on the 29th of the month
these thirty families moved in procession from St. Augustine's
church to take possession of the new building. Rev. F. X.
Weninger, the zealous missionar\-, since then gone to his reward,
who had been preaching a mission to the German Catholics for a
week previous, conducted the solemn entry into the church and
dedicated it to the services of God under the tutelage and title of
"The Mother of God Church. " E. Faller, who became the pas-
(-276)
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
tor of the new church, took part in the dedicatory services. A
small one-story frame house was erected to serve as a pastoral
residence, and the school-house that had served the Germans was
moved from Calhoun street one year after opening the new church,
and placed in the rear of the pastoral residence.
In 1850 Bishop de Saint Palais, of Vincennes, visited the
parish, administered confirmation, and gave the church $500.
The little edifice served its purpose from 1849 for ten years, but in
1858 a subscription was started for the erection of a more com-
modious church. The plans were made by Thomas Lau, to whom
the contracts for brick work were let; for the plastering, to N.
Meyer and N. Alter; for the wood work, to Thomas Lau, except
the inside wood finish, which was done by Herman Wilkins,
George Link and Henry Pranger. The bricks were purchased from
Samuel Lillie at $4. per 1,000. The sand was donated by Edward
Smith. B. H. Schnieders, who owned one horse, succeeded in
borrowing another, and placed the service of the team at the dis-
posal of the building committee during the summer. Another
team, belonging to B. Trentman, another to Lorentz Meyer, and
another to Joseph Zitnmerman. were kept busy during the season.
The building committee of the new church was B. Trentman, H.
Nierman, John Trentman, M. Xoll and B. H. Schnieders, under
the administration of Rev. E. Faller, but he was shortly after-
ward transferred to New Albany, and was succeeded b\- the Rev.
Joseph Weutz, in 1857.
In 1857 the diocese of Fort Wayne was established, and Rt.
Rev. J. H. Luers, the first bishop, arrived here in January, 1858.
He laid the corner-stone of this new church in the summer of the
same year, and preached to the assembled multitude. Another
sermon, in German, was preached by a Rev. Mr. Snyder, of Hesse
Cassel. In 1859, on the second Sunday of November, Rt. Rev.
Bishop Luers dedicated the new church under the title given its
predecessor in 1848. Henry Monning traveled over the country
with Rev. J. Weutz, soliciting contributions to pa}' for the struc-
ture, which had been erected at a cost of $30,000, and upon which
a heavy debt remained for many years. In 1871. during the
absence of Rev. J. \\'eutz, who had gone to Europe on a visit.
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
Rev. F. Von Schwedler had charge, and in the meantime com-
pleted the spire. The assistant priests to Father Weutz were, in
turn, Revs. A. Heitmann, A. Young and B. T. Borg.
In 1872 Rev. J. Weuti: resigned the pastorate of this^church
and Right Rev. Bishop Dvvenger, who had succeeded to the see of
Fort Wayne upon the death of Bishop Luers, appointed the Rev.
Joseph Rademacher to take charge, with Rev. Charles Steurer as
his assistant. After some seven years in this pastorate. Rev. Rade-
macher was transferred to LaFayette, and a few years afterward
became bishop of Nashville, Tenn. Rev. J. H. Oechtering w^s
appointed to take charge of the Mother of God church July 14,
1880. His assistants were successively Revs. C. Steurer, C. Gan-
ser, L. A. Moench, C. M. Romer, R. Denk, and G. Hottenroth.
January 13, 1886, will be memorable in the history of this
church for many years to come. At half-past one o'clock in the
afternoon the boiler beneath the church, from which the steam
heating was generated, exploded, and the great edifice was a dis-
astrous scene of wreck and ruin, the shock being felt in every part
of the city. The hreman was killed and carried with him the
secret of the cause of the disaster. A little girl, passing the church
at the time of the accident, was struck by a door which was blown
from its holdings, and instantly killed. The pastoral residence
was also greatly damaged. But now an elegant new structure
graces the scene of the disaster, and was erected at a cost of about
$75,000, S. M. Lane, of Cleveland, being the architect. The
corner-stone was laid by Rt. Rev. Bishop Dwenger on the i ith ol^
July, 1886, amid an immense throng of people. The great struc-
ture finally became a finished monument and a tribute to the liber-
ality and almost unequaled generosity of the members of the
congregation and of citizens generally, even non-Catholics of the
city contributing cheerfully to its erection.
On the third Sunday of Advent, 1887, the church was dedi-
cated by Rt. Rev. Joseph Dwenger, I). D., who also preached
the English sermon. The sermon in German was preached by
Very Rev. Abbelen, of Milwaukee. Rt. Rev. Bishop Rademacher,
of Nashville, sang pontifical mass on the occasion. There was a
large attendance of priests and people from far andjnear, who had
IN THE STATE Ol-^ INDIANA.
come to rejoice with the pastor and the congregation upon the
completion of the new church, which will he a lastinj:^ monument
to the generosity and faith of the people.
In the year 1862, the old school-house, a part of which had
served as a church from 1849 to 1858, was torn down and a new
handsome school-building and Sisters' convent were erected in its
place at the cost of $20,000.
St. Paul's Church. — During the winter of 1864 some thirty-
five German-speaking Catholics gathered at the residence of the
Rekers Brothers, and after some deliberation set about the work
of erecting a church in the west end of the city. These same
Rekers Brothers had been managing a general home for orphans
and aged people, which was supported by private charity, county
funds, and church aid, from 1847 till about 1864, when the
orphanage was opened at Rensselaer, and the St. Joseph hospital
w-as established in the hotel property known as the Rockhill
house. The institution above referred to was known as the St.
Vincent's Orphan asylum and the St. Joseph's hospital, the same
names given to the new homes in a later day. The Rekers' asylum
has long since made way for the elegant residence now occupied
by A. C. Trentman.
Property for the new church was purchased adjoining the
corner lot on the southeast crossing of Griffith and Jefferson
streets, and a frame church erected upon it; the lot cost $1, 100, and
the building $3,700 The corner lot upon which the present brick
school-house stands was secured several years later. This edifice
was erected about 1870. Two lots had been bought on the north-
west corner and a frame school-house erected. (These lots were
sold a few years since.) Later on, the northeast corner was pur-
chased, and a commodious pastoral residence erected on the lot
adjoining the corner, costing about $7,000. In 1886, the new
church, which graces the northeast corner at the intersection of
Griffith and Washington streets, was begun and the corner-stone
was laid the same year by Right Rev. Bishop Rademacher, of
Nashville. The church was dedicated on the first Sunday of
November, 1887, by Right Rev. Bishop Dwenger. The cost of
"(279).
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
the church is about $50,000. There is some debt upon the build-
ing, but in the course of a few j-ears it will be completely liqui-
dated. St. Paul's numbers 185 families. The schools are taugjht
by one man, and three Sisters of the community of Poor Hand-
maids. There are about 232 children attending the schools. The
■congregation is composed of a thrifty and prosperous class of
people.
St. Peter's Church. — In 1872 a few dozen families living in
the southeast part of Fort Wayne, most of whom had worshiped in
St. Mary's church, formed themselves into a congregation, and
began the erection of a large brick structure, divided into two
stories. On the lower floor are four commodious school-rooms,
whilst the second floor serves as a house of worship. The corner-
stone was laid in the summer of 1872, and the church was dedi-
cated December 29, 1872, by Rt. Rev. Bishop Dwenger. The
approximate cost of the building was $12,000. Rev. J. Wemhoff
was appointed pastor of the new church, which he faithfully served
for eight years, until the time of his death, which occurred Decem-
ber I, 1880. The schools were opened in 1873, and eight years
afterwards Sisters from Milwaukee, known as School Sisters from
Notre Dame, were secured as teachers, and have at present writ-
ing 435 pupils. In 1882 the congregation purchased a house and
three additional lots for a pastoral residence. The property
belonging to this church is known as " St. Peter's square, " runs
from Warsaw street west to Hanna, and contains the entire strip
between DeWald and Martin streets. In 1887 a two-story brick
building was erected for a Sisters' residence.
Rev. A. Messman was the successor of the lamented Father
Wemhoff in 1880. Father Messman came to America from north-
■ern Germany, when a boy, and located at Cincinnati. After some
years he began his studies for the priesthood. He graduated at
Mt. St. Mary's seminary, Cincinnati, and was ordained priest forthe
diocese of Fort Wayne by Rt. Rev. Bishop Luers. Immediately
after his ordination, which took place January 6, 1870, he was
appointed first resident pastor of Kentland, Newton county, Ind.
He remained there until called to St. Peter's pastorate, in Decem-
IN THE STATi: Ol- INDIANA.
ber, 1880, and here had charge until July, 1896, when he took
charge of St. Joseph's church at Laporte, Ind. He was succeeded
by Father Koerdt, who has since had charge.
The new church, located on the west half of the square and
facing Warsaw street, was begun in 1893 and dedicated in Octo-
ber, 1894. It is 184x75 feet, and eighty feet high, the steeple
towering to a height of 207 feet, and the seating capacity is suf-
ficent for 1,100 persons. The structure is purely Gothic in style
and cost about $70,000, but, owing to the stringency of business
since its completion, there rests upon the congregation an indebt-
edness of $30,000. Connected with the parish are the following
sodalities: The St. Joseph's School society, with a membership
of 225; the Association of the Holy Motherhood, 242; St. Ste-
phen's society for Young Men, 95; St. Agnes society, for Young
Ladies, 115; Guardian Angel societ}', 105; Rosary society and the
Sacred Heart League, 400; St. Cecilia society, or choir, 25; St.
Martin's Benevolent society, iio; St. Vincent de Paul society,
devoted to the support of the poor of the parish, 75; Catholic
Knights, 40; Catholic Benevolent Legion, 82; and the society of
the Holy Childhood.
St. Patrick's Church was consecrated Sunday, November 22.
1 89 1, under most imposing ceremonies, in which both the clergy
and the laymen took part, assisted by many societary and other
civic bodies, but, for the purpose of this work it is only necessary
to give a brief history of the church proper. Early in the year
1889 Rt. Rev. Joseph Dwenger, the bishop of the diocese, reali-
zing that in the near future a church would be needed to accom-
modate the wants of the people living in the southern part of the
city of Fort Wayne, purchased property on Fairfield avenue. At
this time this was the only desirable property for such a purpose,
and accordingly a school was opened there. In October of that
year, the Rt. Rev. Bishop appointed Rev. T. M. O'Leary as the
pastor of this new congregation. At this time an occasion was
presented for the purchase of other property (six lots on De Wald
street, between Harrison and Webster), which was more centrally
located, and Father O'Leary was instructed by the Rt. Rev.
17 ~1W).
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
Bishop to secure it, and he at once began to make negotiations
for its purchase. Before more than the purchasing of four of
these lots could be accomplished death claimed Father O'Leary,
the young, brilliant, well known and lamented priest. A month
later Bishop Dwenger called a meeting of the congregation, and.
after encouraging them, in his fatherly way, donated to them the
property on Fairfield avenue and announced Rev. J. F. Delaney,
successor of Father O'Leary, as pastor of St. Patrick's parish.
Father Delaney at once commenced the work of organizing the
congregation, visiting the families and soliciting subscriptions
for the purpose of building a new edifice. To complete the
half square, he purchased the remaining two lots, on DeWald
street, and on April i, 1890, ground was broken for the new
church. On May 20, of that year, the corner-stone was laid by
Rt. Rev. Bishop Dwenger. The work went rapidly forward and
the magnificent new church completed and dedicated on the date
mentioned above, and also school buildings and a pastoral resi-
dence were added. The church is a magnificent structure, Gothic
in design, 163 feet in length, sixty-seven feet in width, with a
frontage of ninety-four feet. The spire tow^ers aloft to the height
of 185 feet. The cost of the church, not including furnishings,
was about $50,000, and it has a seating capacity of about 1,000.
FRANKFORT. CLINTON COUNTY.
St. Mary's Mission. — The first priest to visit Frankfort was
Rev. F. Lordemann, of Ivokomo, who conducted services for the
few Catholic families in the city and adjacent country, in 1874,
and at intervals of three weeks thereafter during the succeeding
eight years. He succeeded in keeping alive the religious interests
thus inaugurated, and in due time, 1876, a house of worship, cost-
ing the sum of $800, was erected and formally dedicated to the
service of God. This building answered the purposes for which it
was intended until the growth of the congregation necessitated a
meeting place of enlarged dimensions; accordingly, in 1892, the
bishop donated a site on the corner of Second and Walnut streets,
and the same year there was erected thereon the present frame
edifice, a well furnished and in every respect a creditable temple
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
of worship, representing' a capital of $3,000. The mission now
known as St. Mary's is ministered to by priests from LaFayette.
and the congre^^ation, though small in numbers, is constantly
increasing, and at this time is practically free of debt. The church
is an outgrowth of faith, and its future prospects are most
encouraging.
FRENCHTOWX, HARRISON COUNTY.
St. Bernard's Church, at Frenchtown, was erected in 1849.
From 1840 to 1850 Spencer township, of Harrison county, was
being settled by a number of French families. Previous to 1847
it appears the priests residing at Lanesville visited these families,
celebrating mass at the house of Theodore Henriot. Perhaps
Revs. Munschina, Faller, Fischer, Opermann came now and then.
We know that they were attended by the Rev. John P. Dion in
1848, residing at Lanesville. It was he who built the first church.
Father Dion resided at Lanesville — from 1848-52, at Leopold, from
1852 to 1858, during which time he faithfully visited these parts of
St. Bernard'schurch. He settled at St. Bernard's, the first resident
priest, from 1858 to 1861. After him Rev. Gustave M. Ginnsz. resid-
ing at St. Mary's of the .Assumption, Floyd Knobs, attended for some
years to St. Bernard's. From 1866 to 1872 ic was again visited by
Father Dion, who, at that time, resided at St. Croix, Perry county.
From 1873 to 1878 Rev. F. de Langie had charge, being the
second resident pastor. During his time a new parsonage was
built but not finished. In 1878 we again have Father Dion visiting
from St. Croix. In 1879 the Rev. F. X. Seegmuller. resid-
ing at Bradford. Harrison county, attended the place. In 1880
it was again visited by the pastor of St. Croix, the Rev. Charles
Bilger.
Rev. M. Andres took charge of the congregation in July,
1881. A new church, which was begun during the attendance of
his predecessor, was finished by him, and blessed by Bishop Cha-
tard on November i. 1881.
Rev. William Liesen had charge of the parish, and in August,
1898, Rev. John Haskamp was made resident pastor, with charge,
also of St. Joseph's mission at Milltown, Crawford county. The
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
school at Frenchtown is in charge of three Sisters of Pro\idence,
and the pupils attending; number about fifty-ii\e.
FULDA, SPENCFR COUNTY.
St. Boniface's Church at Fulda, a small town in Spencer
county, was visited for the first time by a Catholic priest on June
5, 1847, by Rev. Joseph Kundeck, residing at Jasper. He built a
log church, 45x30 feet, to which an addition of thirty feet was
made in 1852. It appears Father Kundeck visited the place only
a few times. Up to 1852 we find on record the names of Fathers
Fischer, Doyle and Contin. Burials date back to 1848. Rev.
Henry Peters became the first resident priest in October, 1852.
He built the first parsonage, a log house, and the school was
opened in the same year. Father Peters remained until August,
1853.
The following Benedictine Fathers became successively the
pastors of St. Boniface's church at Fulda: Revs. P. Bede O'Con-
nor, from August to October, 1853, at Ferdinand; Rev. P. Eugene
Schwer;^niann, until August, 1854, at Ferdinand; until October 5,
1858, it was attended by fathers from St. Meinrad; P. Chrysos-
tome Foffa, from October 5. 1858, to May 12, 1861; P. Martin
Marty, until 1863; P. Benedict Brunet during the summer of 1863;
P. Henry Hug, until July, 1865; P. Wolfgang Schlumpf, until
December 19, 1869; P. Isidor Hobi. until March 21, 1870; P.
Placidus Zarn, until January, 1871, second resident priest; P.
Benno Gerber, until February. 1877; P. Maurus Helferich, until Sep-
tember, 1 881; P. Augustine Faliey, to October, 1890. and after
him came the Rev. Joseph Villinger, O. S. B.
A new brick parsonage was completed June 5, 1877. In the
same year three new altars were placed in the church. The
corner-stone for the new St. Boniface church had been laid in
i860. The foundation finished, nothing more was done until
1865, when work was resumed. The church was solemnly blessed
on June 5, 1866, by the Very Rev. Martin Marty. In 1870 the
church was plastered. The Right Rev. Bishop Luers, of F'ort
Wayne, celebrated pontifical high mass in the church on the feast
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
of St. Honifacc, 1870, and ordained Father Boniface Dilger sub-
deacon.
The present pastor, Rev. Joseph VilHnj^er. has done good and
faithful service, and the parochial school, attended by about 135
pupils, is in charge of three Benedictine nuns.
GARKETT, DllKALB COUNTY.
SS. Peter and Paul's Church, at Garrett, was organized in
1876 by Rev. A. Young, who came here as a missionary from
Auburn. The edifice was dedicated June 29 by Right Rev. Bishop
Dwenger, and the parish continued as a mission until 1886, when
Father Young became the resident priest, having built the resi-
dence he now occupies in that year. In 1880 he built an addition
to the church, in 1886 a second addition, and in 1893 a third — the
original dimensions of the building having been 24 x 40 feet, while
the present dimensions are 50.x i 10 feet. The congregation, also,
has increased from twenty-five families to 150, and through the
indefatigable labors of Father Young the parish has been placed in
a most flourishing condition. The school was organized by Father
Young in 1888, and is now in charge of seven Sisters of the Pre-
cious Blood, with an attendance of 240 pupils. The school-rooms
are four in number, the building being 30x60 feet, with a hall,
12 X 36 feet.
The cost of the church-building, as improved in 1886, reached
$8,000; the pastoral residence, $2,000; the school-building, com-
pleted in 1888, cost $10,000, and the Sisters' residence, finished in
1890, $2,000. The societies attached to SS. Peter and Paul's
church are the Catholic Knights, with a membership of thirty-two;
the Catholic Benevolent league, thirty-two; the St. Joseph School
society, ninety-four; the Ladies' Altar society, i 15. and the Blessed
Virgin sodality, i 16.
Rev. August Young, pastor of SS. Peter and Paul's church,
was born in Alsace, Germany, March 29, 1842, was educated in
Strassburg, and, after coming to the United States, finished his
studies at St. Vincent's abbey, Westmoreland, Pa. He was
ordained, January i, 1868, by the Right Rev. Bishop Rapp for the
diocese of Fort Wayne, and said his first mass at Sandusky City,
•
1285)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
Ohio, January 12. 1868. He was then assigned to Huntington,
Ind., as assistant to the late Father Steiner, where he remained
until August 16, 1869, when he was located, as chaplain, at the
orphans' asylum of Rensselaer. Ind.; October 28, 1871, he was
oppointed assistant at St. Mary's, Fort Wayne, and August 5,
1872, was assigned to Auburn, where he organized the following-
named parishes, as missions: Auburn, in 1872; Garrett, in 1875.
and Summit, in 1880. He attended Garrett as a mission until
1886 and then came here as resident pastor, since which time his
labors have been untiring in promoting the welfare of his people
and the glory of the church. .
FULTON" cou^■T^■.
St. Ann's Church is located about two miles northeast from
Grass Creek station, and the parish came into existence under the
following circumstances: In 1858 the Catholic families who had
settled near Grass Creek were visited by Rev. Francis X. Xigg,
who administered to their spiritual needs until the time rolled
round when, under his advice, steps were taken for the erection of
a house of worship, and a small frame building was the result.
St. Ann's, as a mission, was then attended by the Rev. John G.
McMahon until 1868, the Rev. B. J. Force succeeding him. At
the death of the latter. Rev. Charles Joseph Maugin, of Craw-
fordsville, was appointed the first resident pastor, and officiated
until 1870, when he was succeeded by Rev. James O'Brien, and
after him there followed pastors in the order here named: In 1873,
Rev. John Dempsey; in 1878, Rev. Thomas M. Cahill, and, in
the same year. Rev. P. J. Crosson; in 1881, Rev. M. Joy; in 1884,
Rev. M. F. Kelly; in 1886, Rev. I). J. Mulcahy, during whose
stay of five years the present church was erected; in 1891, Rev.
Rudolph Denk, and in October of the same year he was replaced
by the Rev. F. C. Wiechmann; in 1893. came Rev. F. W. Schae-
per; in December, 1893, Rev. G. M. Kelly; in 1894, Rev. John
Cook, who officiated until January, 1896, when the parish was
attended by the Fathers of the Holy Cross until September. 1896,
when Rev. Gregory A. Zern was appointed, and this worthy min-
ister of God has since devoted his pious care, not only to the cure
IN THK STATI-: OF INDIANA.
of souls in St. Ann's parish, but to that of those in the mission of
St. Elizabeth, in Harrison township, Cass county.
The cong;regation of St. Ann's is entirely of Irish nationality
and has been able to keep itself out of debt, a fact in which it is
almost as equally blessed as having for its pastor the Rev. Gregory
A. Zern
GOSHEN, ELKHART rorXTV.
St. John's Church, at Goshen, was built in i860. Prior to
this date, the wants of the few Catholic families in Goshen and
vicinity were attended to by the priests who occasionally came
from Fort Wayne, or from the university of Notre Dame, and who
held services either in the old courthouse or insome private dwelling.
Rev. Alexis Granger, C. S. C. (now deceased), once stated to Rev.
S. M. Yenn, the present worthy pastor of St. John's, that he had
often made the trip from Notre Dame to Goshen on horseback,
through the dense forests, without meeting a living soul on the
way. The distance between the two points is now about twenty-
five miles by rail, but it would be difficult to estimate how many
miles the Rev. Granger was compelled to travel through the woods
when there were no roads, no guides, and the way beset with many
obstructions. Besides the Rev. Alexis Granger, the Very Rev.
Edward Sorin, C. S. C, the saintly founder of Notre Dame, was
also an occasional visitor at Goshen, as was also Rev. Father
Schaefer.
The first resident priest at Goshen was the Rev. Father Holz,
who officiated from 1861 until 1866, after which date, for about
six months, Goshen was a mission and was attended by the Rev.
A. B. Oechtering from Avilla. Goshen was then again furnished
with a resident pastor in the person of the Rev. Father Storr, who
was succeeded by the Rev. H. Meissner towards the end of 1868,
after Rev. D. Duehmig, of Avilla. had attended the parish for
almost a year. Father Meissner remained until 1871. when
Goshen again became a mission of Avilla, and Father Duehmig
once more the visiting priest in charge; but the same year it was
transferred as a mission to the care of the pastor at Elkhart, and
was attended by Revs. J. H. Ouinlan and M. F. Noll, successively.
(287)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
In 1878, Goshen again obtained a resident pastor in the person of
Re\-. H. A. Boeckelmann, who, in 1880, was succeeded by Rev.
A. J. Kroeger, who remained seven years. In the fall of 1887
Rev. Adam Buchheit was appointed pastor, Father Kroeger being
transferred to LaGro. In July, 1889, the present able young
pastor, S. M. Yenn. was placed in charge, and has since labored
well and faithfully, doing much to maintain the excellent state of
affairs established by his predecessor. Father Kroeger, who left
the parish in a good financial as well as spiritual condition.
The missions at Ligonier and Millersburg had, prior to Sep-
tember, 1897, been in the care of the pastor of Goshen, but, at
the date mentioned, were detached, and Ligonier was granted a
resident pastor — the Rev. J. G. Lauer.
The first Catholic school-house in Goshen was erected in 1867
by Rev. Henry Meissner, at a cost of $500. Until 1881, it was
taught successively by Messrs. Duehmig (brother of Rev. D. Dueh-
mig), Laly, Wagner, Tidner and Miss Catherine Smith. In 1881
Father Kroeger built a very neat brick school-house, at a cost of
$1,100, giving up his own frame residence to the Sisters, who then
became the teachers. Then, while boarding with a private family,
Father Kroeger erected a handsome parsonage, also of brick, and
then, by hard work, succeeded in liquidating the entire debt of the
congregation. The present school-building is 30x40 feet, one
and one-half stories high, is situated on the corner of Third and '
Monroe streets, about sixty-five feet west of the church, with the
main entrance on Third street. The two well-ventilated and nicely
furnished class-rooms have a seating capacity for 130 children, but
the present attendance does not exceed fifty-seven, equally divided
as to the sexes. These are in charge of two Sisters of the Holy
Cross, and the annual outlay for the school, including the salary of
the teachers, is about $450. The sources of income for the school
are the tuition fees, at fifty cents per month for each pupil; col-
lections and sums derived from socials and membership fees of St.
Joseph's society, which was organized November 13, 1892. The
average expense per pupil, annually, is about $8. The present value
of the school-ground, including the play-ground, is $800, and that
of the school-building, with its appurtenances, about $1,400. The
(Mr
IN THE STATI-: OF INDIANA.
reverend director is the Rev. S. M. Yenn, of whom a brief sketch
is given in Vol. II of this work.
GREENCASTLE, PUTNAM COUNTY.
The history of the church of St. Paul the Apostle dates back to
1848, when Rev. Simon Lalumiere, of St. Joseph's church, Terre
Haute, here read the first mass in an old log school-house, the
property of Clinton Walls. The early Catholics of Greencastle and
vicinity, but few of whom are now living, were generally employed
in the construction of the Vandalia and the New Albany railroads,
and for a considerable period of time religious services were held
in private houses. Other priests, beside the reverend father men-
tioned, attended to the spiritual needs of this mission in those early
days, among whom was the Rev. Daniel Maloney, from Indianap-
olis. Rev. William Doyle was appointed by Bishop Maurice de
St. Palais the first pastor of this congregation, and it was through
P'ather Doyle's efforts that the Catholics of Greencastle came into
possession of their first church property. This consisted of an old
cooper-shop, located in the upper part of the town, which they
purchased and converted into a temporary house of worship. The
prejudices of the non-Catholic residents of the place were at that
time very bitter, as was proven by the fact that the owner of the
cooperage refused to sell the property to Father Doyle or to any
Catholic, and the sale was finally made to Judge D. R. Echols, a
non-Catholic, but devoid of religious prejudice, and by him the
property was turned over to the devoted priest.
Rev. Edward O'Flaherty, of Crawfordsville, Ind., succeeded
Father Doyle, and ministered at Greencastle and adjacent mis-
sions until the division or partition of the diocese of Vincennes
brought changes, which resulted in the appointment of Rev. Pat-
rick Highland to Greencastle, as the first pastor after said division
had been effected. He remained from 1856 until i860, but, being
quite an elderly person, was forced by ill-health to resign, after
much hard labor and the accomplishment of a vast amount of
good for the mission. He was succeeded by Rev. Joseph O'Reilly,
under whose administration many improvements were made. The
church was furnished with the necessary appliances and means for
(289)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
the proper exercise of church rites and decent worship, the walls
were plastered, the altar erected, proper vestments secured, the
outside of the building painted, the fence built, the steeple erected
and the cross adjusted — all adding to the exterior and interior
beauty of the chapel and the conveniences of clergyman and wor-
shipers.
In May, 1864, Father O'Reilly was transferred to Cambridge,
Ind., and Rev. Charles Joseph Maugin appointed to the charge at
Greencastle by the bishop of Vincennes. Father Maugin entered
upon his duties with vigorous energy, and in April, 1866, purchased
the Old School Presbyterian church-building for the sum of $3,000,
remodeled it, and on June loth, of the same year, the building
was blessed by the Right Rev. Maurice de St. Palais and conse-
crated to St. Paul the Apostle.
December 26, 1867, Father Maugin was succeeded by Rev.
J. Clement, who erected a new addition to the church-edifice, but
was called to the home of the blest in 1871, and was succeeded in
the pastorate by Rev. Peter Bischof, and he by Rev. Dennis
O'Donovan, who was pastor from 1874 to 1877, and then
exchanged charges with Rev. Thomas Logan, who remained
from February, 1877, until August, 1880. Rev. Michael Power
became the next pastor and held the charge from September, 1880.
until 1885, when Father Logan again assumed the pastorate, and
in- 1 888 was succeeded by Rev. Joseph Macke, who, in 1889, was
followed by the present pious and devoted pastor. Rev. Thomas
A. McLoughlin.
From a mere mission, St. Paul the Apostle parish has a posi-
tion of no small importance in the diocese of Vincennes. Its
property has greatly increased in quantity and value, and the pres-
ent church-edifice, school-house and pastor's residence give evi-
dence of the zeal of the different clergymen under whose charge
it has been placed and of the earnestness of its constantly increas-
ing congregation. The school, which is in excellent condition,
has been under the care of the Sisters of Providence since 1886.
Although no additional property has been purchased since Rev.
Father McLoughlin came here, the beautiful appearance of the
church and its environments is due to his careful attention.
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
GKEENSBrKC, DECATUK COUNTY.
St. Mary's Church. — The Rev. E. Martinovic visited the
Catholics of Greensburg and held divine service in private houses
until 1855, when the present (brick) church was built. The first
resident pastor was the Rev. John P. Gillig, who labored here
with great ;;eal from 1863 until 1871. In March or April he was
succeeded by the Rev. j. L. Brassart, who had charge during
nearly three years.
In the fall of 1874, the Rev. Daniel Currau became pastor.
New life began to quicken the congregation during his time. He
built a priest's house of brick and secured a dwelling for the teach-
er's residence. He also built a brick school-house of two large
rooms, with a seating capacity of seventy-five each. The school
was given in charge to the Sisters of St. Francis, who at present
have an average attendance of eighty children.
On August 2. 1877, the Rev. Henry Kessing succeeded Father
Curran. Father Kessing was born April 11, 1845, and was
ordained priest on September 22, 1868. Bloomington, with its
numerous missions, was his first charge, and Greensburg the
second and last, and there he paid off the balance of indebtedness
on the church property. He died November 20, 1882, and was
buried at St. Maurice, Decatur county. Rev. Father George
Steigerwald built the present church and parish-house. He was
pastor of this congregation for fourteen years. Kev. Lawrence
Fichter is the present pastor.
HAMBl'Kc;, FKANKLI.X COUNTV.
St. Ann's Church is a daughter, so to speak, of the Holy
Family church at Oldenburg, and has been attended from the
beginning up to the present date by the Franciscan Fathers e.xclu-
sively. Many years prior to the building of the church a log house
was erected in the present village, which served as a school-house,
and was considered a branch of the parochial schools at Olden-
burg.
The school suggested a church and congregation. About
1868, Wesley Martin, who owned a large farm in Ray and Salt
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
Creek townships, of Franklin county, laid out the present village
of Hamburg, and offered to donate five acres of land, provided a
church was at once built. The Catholic farmers of the neighbor-
hood at the time numbered about thirty-five families. They met
and accepted Mr. Martin's offer. Bishop de St. Palais gladly con-
senting to the building of a church. The Franciscan Fathers of
Oldenburg directed the work. In the spring of 1869 the corner-
stone was laid, and in the same year, on the 19th day of October,
the church was blessed. The church is of brick, measuring on the
interior 83 x 53 feet, with a height of thirty-three feet in the clear.
The old log school-house was abandoned in 1873, and one of brick
built, 50 X 30 feet. From 1869 to 1876 the congregation had mass
and vespers on all Sundays and feasts of obligation, and mass also
on all Thursdays of the year. In September, 1876, a commodious
two-story brick parsonage was ready for occupancy, and since then
Hamburg has had a resident pastor.
Two secular teachers had charge of the shcool up to 1878,
when the Sisters of St. Francis bought a residence in Hamburg,
and took charge of the schools. The average attendance at school
is over 100. The congregation numbers about ninety families.
The church has three beautiful altars, pulpit and decorations,
costing $1,500; $12,000 in money was laid out on the church
property; but counting labor and building material donated,
$20,000 is not too high an estimate of the value of the entire
church property. At present Rev. Joseph Neuhoffer is the pastor.
HAMMOND, LAKE COUNTY.
St. Joseph's Church, of which Rev. H. M. Plaster is the
pastor and Rev. Henry Kappel the assistant, is the oldest and
largest in this thriving little city of over 7,000 inhabitants, and its
parochial school is the largest, in all probability, of any in the
county, inasmuch as it is attended by about 168 boys and 195 girls,
who are under the instruction of eleven Sisters of Providence.
St. Casimir's (Polish) Church, under the pastoral charge of
Rev. K. Kobylinski, is in a very flourishing condition, and main-
tains a school attended by forty boys and thirty-seven^ girls, is
, (292)"
IN THE STATE Ol- INDIANA.
instructed by one teacher only, under the reverend director, the
pastor, of whom more may be read in Vol. II of this work.
All Saints' Church is fully mentioned in the personal sketch of
its pastor, Rev. Edward F. Barrett, in Vol. II.
hanovi:r center, lake county.
St. Martin's Church, at Hanover Center, was organized about
1857, by Rev. Father Neigh, with some eighteen or twenty Ger-
man families as its constituents, among whom were the following
heads: Matthias Geisen, John Scherer, John Kretz, Peter Heizer.
Peter Klein, Jacob Leinen, M. Lauermann, J. J. Klein, U.
Hoeltzle, John Eberle, J. Roethgen, G. Emerling, M. Schriver,
M. Einsle, J. Rhein, M. Russell, P. Buckley and John Drizkel.
But the spirit of Catholicity imbued many others in the vicinity,
and the little congregation was soon augmented by the faithfulness
of the neighborhood.
Meetings were first held in private dwellings, but the members
of the congregation had been taught from infancy that the worship
of God should be observed in a sacred temple dedicated for that
purpose only. Therefore they started a subscription list with the
view of raising funds to be applied to the erection of a church edi-
fice, the result being that a frame structure was begun in 1858
and completed in 1859, at a cost of $800, the interior being quite
tastefully finished. This building was used as a place of worship
until 1867, when, by some accident, it was destroyed by fire —
supposedly originated by the ignition of kindling-wood that had
been left too close to an overheated stove.
Steps were immediately taken by the not-at-all discouraged
congregation for the building of a new frame edifice, and this was
completed at a cost of $2,000, the outside presenting a pleas-
ing appearance, and the interior decoration comparing very favor-
ably with that of any other church in northern Indiana. In 1882
the congregation numbered si.xty families, but this number has
increased to seventy-five, and the school attendance numbers
about fifty-two pupils. The church real estate comprises five
acres, on which are located the church building, parsonage and
teachers' residence, and the cemetery. The successors of Father
~(293j
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
Neigh at St. Martin's have been Revs. Ranson. Wehrle, F. Siegel-
ack, F. X. Deiniel (1873), WilHain Berg (1S76) and Charles
Steurer (1882). October i, 1889, the Rev. Matthias Zumbuelte,
the present pious and efficient pastor, was placed in charge.
HARTFORD CITY, BLACKFORD COUNTY.
St. John the Evangelist Congregation at Hartford City are
now the owners of their own church-edifice and minister to the
spiritual needs of St. John the Evangelist congregation at Mont-
pelier and also a mission at Dunkirk, in Jay county. The Hart-
ford congregation was attended as a mission for thirty years, or
until 1894, the number of families at its organization consisting of
about sixty. ' In 1894 Rev. Charles Dhe was appointed resident
pastor, and, by 1897, through his strenuous exertions, there was
completed the present beautiful church-edifice, which is in the
Gothic style of architecture, is of brick, 105 x 50 feet ground plan,
and cost $10,000. It was dedicated April 24, 1898, and has now a
large and prosperous congregation, composed chiefly of Irish fam-
ilies, intermixed with Belgian and French.
St. John the Evangelist church at Montpelier was built by
Bishop Luers sometime in the 'sixties, and for many years was
mainly supported by the McCaffrey and Mesbaum families, the
original number of families at the organization of the congrega-
tion being quite limited and at the present time not exceeding
twenty-five. For twenty years the congregation was ministered to
by Father Schmidt, but in December, 1894, it became a mission
of the church of the same name at Hartford City. In 1896 a
neat Gothic church, of brick, was erected at a cost of $5,500, and
this was dedicated in March of the same year by Bishop Rade-
macher. The Dunkirk, Jay county, mission of St. John the
Evangelist church of Hartford City is known as St. Mary's, but the
congregation is quite small and consists of about twenty-five fami-
lies. Prior to the discovery of natural gas at Dunkirk there were
hardly any Catholics who resided in the neighborhood, but at
length a congregation was organized, and for some time religious
services were held at the residence of John Hays, the earlier cler-
gymen being Fathers Lameau, of Union City, Baker, of Portland,
(294)
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
and J. Oiiinlan, of Union City. Father Dhe then ministered to
the congregation from 1894 until 1896, in the parochial house,
when, in the latter year, the present church was erected at a cost
of $5,500, and was dedicated July 4, by Bishop Rademacher —
Rev. Charles Dhe continuing as the pastor.
^ HAUBSTAUT, GIBSON COUNTY.
Sts. Peter and Paul's Church, at Haubstadt, was erected
under the auspices of the Rev. Joseph Merckl in 1877, Rev. George
T. Widerin assisting the former, then pastor of St. James, which
church was too small for the accommodation of its growing con-
gregation. This fact led to the erection of the present church
building at Haubstadt, which at first, was attended by but few
families, but in a short time the attendance increased, until at
present the congregation comprises at least 100 good practical
Catholics, who are under the charge of Rev. Bernard Ewers, of
whom a biographical sketch will be found in its proper place in
this work.
HENRYVILLE, DUBOIS COUNTY.
St. Francis Xavier Church, at Henryville, was organized in
1862 by Rev. Chrysostome Foffa, O. S. B. The church is located
midway between Ferdinand and Mariahill. In 1862 the congre-
gation numbered twenty-five fai;iilies, who built a stone church.
From 1863 to 1871 the Rev. Benedict Brunet, O. S. B., visited
the mission from St. Meinrad. He added a sacristy in 1870.
From 1 87 1 to November, 1878, the Benedictine Fathers regularly
visited Henryville, either from St. Meinrad or Mariahill. From
November, 1878, to August, 1879, the Rev. B. H. Kintrup, resid-
ing at Huntingburg, had charge. He laid the foundation of the
parsonage. Rev. Pius Bohm, O. S. B. , attended the place from
September, 1879, to January, 1880, when he was appointed the
first resident pastor of Henryville church. He improved the ceme-
tery, and furnished the church with sets of vestment, a new pulpit,
railing, organ, etc., so that it was complete in all its details. In
the autumn of 1881 the Benedictine Sisters were introduced.
They lived in a rented house until September, 1882, when they
~7295j
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
took possession of a new house, built for them. Their school has
flourished from the beginning.
Rev. William A. Jochum served as pastor from June, 1897,
until March 4, 1898, and was then transferred to St. Bernard's
parish, at Rockport, Spencer county.
HESSE CASSEL, ALLEN COUNTY.
St. Joseph's Church. — Services were held at Hesse Cassel as
earl}- as 1835, and in 1836 a log church was erected. The first
resident priest was the Rev. Father Mueller, who was followed in
order by Fathers Benoit, Piamion, Rudolph Munseheim, Carins,
Faller, Schultes, Weutz, Fora, Schneider and Meyer, the last
named of whom erected the present brick church, 80 x 40 feet, in
1868. Rev. Martin Kink next officiated and was followed by Rev.
J. Wemhoff, and in 1869 came Father Nusbaum, who remained
until 1879, when he was succeeded by Rev. William Geers, and
he, a short time afterward, by Father Hueser, who remained until
January, 1880. Rev. John A.Mark was next appointed pastor, and per-
formed arduous labor in behalf of the flock until October 16, 1897,
when he was succeeded by Rev. Max Benzinger, the present
beloved and zealous pastor. The congregation comprises seventy-
two families, mostly Germans, and the parish is in good financial
condition. The school-building is of brick, and the pupils, fifty in
number, are in charge of three Franciscan Sisters of the Sacred
Heart, from Joliet, 111.
HOBART, LAKE COUNTY.
St. Bridget's congregation at Hobart is attended from Turkey
Creek. It was started soon after the close of the late Civil war,
by quite a number of Irish families, conjoined with a few German
families, who had settled in or near the village. Prior to organi-
zation, these families attended divine services, to a great extent,
at Lake Station, but sometimes services were held at the homes
of the faithful by the priest of Valparaiso. The Rt. Rev. Bishop
Luers at that time visited Hobart, and encouraged the Catholics to
remain faithful and to be of good cheer, and under this exhorta-
tion they lived and worked faithfully together until 1874, when the
(296)
IX Tin=; STATi: Ol- INDIANA.
Very Rev. Michael O'Reilley, of X'alparaiso, boug-ht for the con-
gregation John G. Earle's picture gallery, which, by him and his
successors, was gradually transformed into the present beautiful St.
Bridget's church. Father O'Reilley was pastor of the congrega-
tion until October, 1875. After him Rev. Francis Xavier Baum-
gartner, resident pastor of Turkey Creek, had charge of the con-
gregation from 1875 to 1 881; Rev. H. M. Roth from i88r to 1883;
then again Rev. F. X. Baumgartner, who remained until 1885,
being followed by the Rev. Joseph Flach, now pastor of Dyer,
Ind., who remained until 1888. He was succeeded in August
of the latter year by the Rev. Charles V. Stetter, D. D. The
membership numbers at present about 200, and the Word of
God is preached to the people both in English and German.
Services are held the third Sunday of every month — the Monday
after the fourth Sunday — and every Saturday.
Lake Station is at present also attended from Turkey Creek.
Most Catholics having moved away, the few still remaining attend
church in Hobart, although they have service in their own church
a few times a year.
HUNTINGBURG, DUBOIS COUNTY.
St. Mary's Parish (Church of the Visitation, B. V. M.). — It is
claimed that the first mass recited in St. Mary's parish October 20.
1859, was by Rev. Bede O'Connor, O. S. B. In August, i860, the
corner-stone of the new church was laid by Rev. Isidor Hobi, O. S.
B. The Church of the Visitation of the B. V. M. was visited by
the pastor of Ferdinand in 1865 and 1866, and also from 1873 to
1876. In 1868, it was attended from Jasper twice each month,
and after that year, to 1873, from St. Meinrad. In 1869 the trid-
uum was preached by Fathers Matthias and Painer, of Teutopolis,
111. Father Fidelis, O. S. B., previous to 1869, had much to do
with establishing the congregation in St. Mary's parish. The
church records of St. Mary's give the roster of priests in charge of
the parish, from 1869, until the present, as follows: From March,
1869, to November, 1870, Rev. H. Hug; November, 1870, to
February, 1873, Rev. Eberhard Stadler; February, 1873, to April,
1876, Rev. Maur Helferich; April, 1876. to October, 1878, Rev.
18 "(297)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
Caspar Seller; October, 1878, to May, 1881, Rev. Kintrup; May,
1881, to December, 1886, Rev. Placidus Zarn. Under the adminis-
tration of Father Zarn the present church-edifice was erected.
From December, 1886, to November, 1890, Rev. Cyrin Thomas
was the pastor, and then Rev. Aug. Falley, the present pastor, was
placed in charge; Rev. Caspar Seiler acted as pastor and teacher
after he established the first Catholic school in the parish, which
numbered from twelve to twenty pupils. The school is conducted
in the old church-building just north of the church-edifice, and the
attendance numbers 133, under charge of five Benedictine Sisters.
The congregation of St. Mary's at present numbers ninety
families. Father Falley has had charge of the congregation for
seven years and si.\ months, and, as he is of a genial and cordial
nature, has won the love of his people, as v/ell as the non-Catholics
in the parish. When he assumed charge of the parish there was
a debt on the church property of $7,800, and during his pastorate
he has reduced this debt $3,800, beside keeping up the schools and
the general church expenses. The congregation is in a peaceful
and contented state, and the religious bodies of the parish are all
in a healthy condition. The value of the property of St. Mary's
parish is valued at $20,000.
HUNTINGTON, HUNTINGTON COUNTY.
St. Mary's Church stands to-day a monument of the benefi-
cence of the late John Roche, who was born in county Wexford,
Ireland, and died in Huntington, Ind. , in October, 1894. His
sister, Miss Bridget Roche, however, is to be credited with the
honor of having presented this magnificent structure to the parish,
deriving the means from the estate of her deceased brother. The
corner-stone of the building was laid October i ith, 1896, by Bishop
Rademacher, and the edifice completed and dedicated on the day
above mentioned, it being one of the most imposing church struc-
tures in the state. The building is sixty-eight and one-half feet in
width and 147 feet in length. The main tower is 130 feet high,
while the smaller tower is nearly ninety-four feet above the founda-
tion. The center of the ceiling in the nave is fifty-seven feet from
the floor, and from the floor to the bridge of the roof is sevent\-
{29SJ~
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
feet. The interior \ iew is like a dream and is the artist's ideal.
To the appreciative observer it is like a place of enchantment, a
scene which appeals to one's loftiest emotions and yet suggests
solemn and silent admiration. Its high columns of polished gran-
ite, its graceful arches and artistic architectural curves, glittering
altars, statuary in colors, and painted domes which seem to open
into the very stars of the firmament, all blend in harmony sub-
lime and make the beholder wonder whether he is really in Hunt-
ington or not.
C. R. Noel, of Chicago, with five assistants, did the fresco-
ing, the base of which is a peculiar shade of drab which blends
into light blue, pink with gold touchings, the effect being cheerful
and yet mellow. In the ceiling around the ventilator are transfer
portraits of St. John with an eagle, St. Matthew with an angel
child, St. Luke with an ox and St. Mark with a lion. A magnifi-
cent painting in the dome over the sanctuary is the " Immaculate
Conception." The Blessed Virgin is floating among fleecy clouds
through which cherubs are peeping. The combination of colors
in this piece is exquisite. "The Tomb," "Flight Into Egypt"
and the "Crucifixion " are large paintings just over the sanctuary,
which are strong in color and show well from the auditorium.
The fourteen events of the cross, which are usually paintings
seen on the side walls of Catholic churches, are in statue form,
executed in colors and hung in handsomely carved oak frames.
They are "Jesus Condemned to Death," " Laden with the Cross,"
"Falls the First Time," "Meets His Holy Mother," "Simon
Helps Jesus Carry the Cross," " \'eronia Wipes the Face of
Jesus," "Jesus Falls the Second Time," "He Consoles the Weep-
ing Women," "Falls the Third Time," "Stripped of His Gar-
ments," "Nailed to the Cross," "Dies on the Cross, " "Taken
Down from the Cross, " "Laid in the Sepulchre." While this
statuary is not of large size, it was made in Germany and is an
exhibition of high art and very impressive. But the climax of fine
statuary can be seen in the five altars, which are known as the
" High Altars," "The Sorrowful Mother," " The Sacred Heart,"
"St. Joseph," "The Blessed Virgin." They are life size and so
realistic that many who look upon them are lost in reveries, and
~(299)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
indeed so pathetic is the scene of the "Sorrowful Mother " that
more than one who gaze upon it are moved to tears. At the base
of the "High Altar" is a representation of Christ and the apostles
at supper, all in statuary, even to the dishes on the table. This
large statuary was made in France, and to an artist is of marvel-
ous beauty. The confessionals, two in number, are of carved oak
and of handsome design. The pulpit shows skilled workmanship
and is movable, a track being laid on the floor upon which it can
be rolled to the center or left at the side of the auditorium, ft is
provided with a sounding board which materially aids the speaker
in making himself heard distinctly in all parts of the auditorium.
Heat is provided by steam radiators supplied by boilers in a
separate building some distance from the church. ft will furnish
heat both for the church and the school-building.
The congregation of St. Mary's comprises eighty-three Eng-
lish-speaking families and the school attendance is 130, under five
Sisters of Providence — the school building being situated on War-
ren street, at the back of the church edifice. The pastoral resi-
dence is of pressed brick, is 62 x 30 feet, two and one-half stories
high, and is located in one of the most popular parts of the city,
south of the church-building. The sodalities attached to the con-
gregation are the I^iving Rosary society and numbers 105 married
ladies; the Young Ladies' sodality numbers forty-four; the Young
Men's sodality, thirty-eight; the Married Men's sodality, sixty; the
Boys and Girls' society, eighteen, and the Conference of St. Vin-
cent de Paul society, twenty-seven.
SS Peter and Paul's Congregation. — The Catholic pioneers
who had settled in Huntington county before the year 1857 were
first occasionally visited by priests residing in Fort Wayne, in most
cases by Father Julian Benoit. the late prominent vicar-general, and
by Father E. M. Faller, now pastor in New Albany. A little later
they were regularly attended from LaGro by Father Ryan. Fran-
cis Lafontaine, principal chief of the Miami tribe of Indians, who
died April 13, 1847, and is buried in the Catholic cemetery at
Huntington, had donated, for the benefit of the congregation, one
square, on which first a log house for divine service was erected.
(Boot
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
Rev. Dr. A. Schippert was the first residcuL priest. He stayed
from March, 1857, until August, 1858. Rev. Schippert was a
native of the kingdom of Wurtemberg and a convert from Luther-
anism. In a railrojid wreck one of his legs became fractured, and
the permanent injury resulting therefrom made missionary labor
impossible. Divine Providence procured for him a position as
teacher of the iM-ench language at a young ladies' academy in Inns-
bruck, where the present pastor of Sts. Peter and Paul, then a
student, sometimes saw him limping on the sidewalk toward his
school.
The immediate successor of Father Schippert was Rev. Fred-
erich Fuchs, born in Muenster, the capital city of Westphalia.
Before he was received into the diocese of Fort Wayne, he had
been a successful worker in the city of Cincinnati, where his talent
and zeal are held in grateful memory up to this day. No sooner
had Father Fuchs received his pastorate than he opened a paro-
chial school in the same frame building and the same room where
divine service was being held. He also succeeded in erecting a
priest-house, being glad, as he used to say, that at last "the fo.\ "
had found shelter. After a stay of five years he left Huntington
for Klaasville, in Lake county, to see if his seriously afflicted health
could be recuperated in a steadier climate. This hope was not
realized, as Father Fuchs clied only a few weeks later. His
remains were interred in the Klaasville cemetery. Delegates were
sent from Huntington to have the earthly remains of their beloved
pastor brought to their town; yet the good people could not be
prevailed upon to part with what was left of one whom they had
learned in so short a time to love dearly and to esteem highly.
PVom the end of August until the beginning of December. 1863.
Rev. Martin Kink had charge of the congregation as acting pastor.
In later years he returned to Bavaria, his native country where
he died a few years ago after a protracted corporal and mental
disease.
In December, 1863, Rev. Jacob Mayer was appointed pastor
of SS. Peter and Paul's. He built a large church at aco^.tof about
$30,000, of which sum he left $9,564 to his successor to pay.
Father Mayer worked with indefatigable zeal five years in Hunt-
~m')
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
ington, until August, 1868. He was then transferred to Logans-
port, where he started a German congregation.
The next pastor was Rev. George Steiner, born in New Ulm,
Bavaria, April 13, 1836. He at once entrusted Sisters of Notre
Dame, Milwaukee, with the charge of the parochial school, com-
pleted the church steeple, and, in 1873. built a large and substan-
tial school-house, together with a Sisters' convent, at a cost of
$17,000. He suffered a hemorrhage of the lungs whilst chanting at
the cathedral during holy week in 1876. He never regained his
health, but after four years of patient lingering died June i, 1880.
and was buried on the day following in Albuquerque, N. Me\.,
whither he had gone in search of health. Father Steiner had
resigned his pastorate in the beginning of January. 1880, and Rev.
J. H. Hueser became his successor. In later years Bishop
Dwenger honored the congregation by raising the pastor to the
position of an irremovable rector. The congregation had deserved
such an honor, as they had erected hue church and school build-
ings under Fathers Mayer and Steiner, and shown the same good
spirit under Father Hueser, who, from 1880 to 1897, spent $77,042
b}^ way of current expenses, $14,238 in discharge of old debts and
interest, and $37,921 for repairs and improvements, so that the
expenses in all amounted to $129,201. The principal improve-
ments are two furnaces for church, for $700; high altar, for $2,300;
three bells, for $1,350; renovating and frescoing church, for $6,000;
new priest-house, for $9,000; new organ, for $3,700; ten painted
glass windows, from the Tyrolese Art Glass company, for $5, 140;
tuckpointing church and veneering its foundation, for $1,300; new
cemetery, for $3,350. The present debt of the congregation
amounts to $3,600.
The number of families attending SS. Peter and Paul church
is about 200. The following societies and confraternities are rep-
resented: Holy Angels' Little sodality; Young Men's St. Francis
de Sales sodalit}-; The Children of Mai}- (the Young Ladies' sodal-
ity); the archconfraternity of Christian Mothers; St. Joseph's
society of Men; the Sacred league; the Third Order of St. Francis
of Assisi; the Benevolent legion, and the Knights of St. John.
f;{02)
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
INDIANAI'OLIS, MARION COUNTY
Assumption Church, at IndianapoHs. was organizerl in 1894,
with a congrej^ation of sixty families, and was dedicated August 12.
1894, by Rt. Rev. Bishop Francis Silas Chatard. It is a frame
structure, 40 x 100 feet, has a seating capacity for 450 persons, and
cost about $6,000. Dr. E. J. Brennen was the donor of the
stations of the cross; Joseph A. Rink presented the altar, and M.
O'Connor and others contributed the vestments. The erection of
the church, parsonage and school-edifices was superintended by
the present worthy pastor. Rev. Joseph F. Weber, who now has
in his care a congregation of 120 families. The school-building is
60x70 feet in size, is two stories high, with a basement, and has
a seating capacity for 220 pupils, the present enrolment being
253, who are under the instruction of six Sisters of St. Benedict.
The church property is in the western part of the city and meas-
,ures 320 feet frontage, with a depth of 160 feet.
Rev. Joseph F. \\"eber was born in Ripley county," Ind., Feb-
ruary 6, 1865. a son of Frank and Josephine (Hameriey) Weber,
the former of whom was born in Germany and the latter in the
United States — the father being now a retired merchant and hav-
ing his home with his son. Rev. Joseph F. In his youth, Father
Weber attended the Jesuit college at Cincinnati, Ohio, three terms,
or until he was se\"enteen years of age, and then entered St. Mein-
rad's college, in Spencer county, Ind.. where he finished his
studies, and was ordained priest June 19, 1889, by Bishop Cha-
tard. He was then appointed assistant at St. John's church, Indi-
napolis, where for five and a half \ears he abh- and zealously per-
formed the functions pertaining to his position, and was then
placed in charge of Assumption parish, where his labors have been
crowned with blessed results, as recorded above.
St. Anthony's Church. — Ground was broken for the construc-
tion of this edifice August 14, 1890, and the corner-stone was laid
by the Rev. F. H. Gavisk, September 16, 1890. The church-
building was blessed February i, 1891, by the Right Rev. Mgr.
Aug. Bessonies, \'. G., assisted by Revs. Gavisk and Dowd, and
(303)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
after the dedicatory services, solemn mass was celebrated by the
Very Rev. Anthony Scheideler, V. G. Father Gavisk preached a
very appropriate sermon on the occasion, taking for his text the
words of the Psahiiist, "I have rejoiced to-day to go into the
house of the Lord," thus closing the ceremonies.
St. Anthony's church-building is valued at $8,000. Since its
erection a rectory, valued at $4,000, has been built, and also a
Sisters' residence, which cost about the same amount. The paro-
chial school, in the basen^ent of the church, is in charge of the
Sisters of Providence, six in number, the first superioress, Sister
Charlotte, having been prominently identified with the educational
work of the diocese of Vincennes for many years, and being still
at the head of the school. The pupils number about 150, are
instructed from the primary to the seventh grade, and are edu-
cated in vocal and instrumental music, church history, catechism,
etc., beside the ordinar}' common-school studies. The congrega-
tion has grown from sixty to 200 families, under the administra-
tion of Rev. Francis B. Dowd, the present pastor, whose piety
and eloquence have bound them together in peace and harmony,
and who never tires in his labors for their spiritual and temporal
welfae.
St. Bridget's Church, in the northwest portion of the city of
Indianapolis, was founded by a body of Catholics who had been
members of St. John's congregation. The ground on which the
church parsonage and school now stand was bought in April, 1879,
for $3,600. and on the 22d day of June, in the same year, the cor-
ner-stone of the sacred edifice was laid, and the church blessed
January i, 1880. It is an ornament to the portion of the cit}^
in which it stands; its ground measurement is 106x44 feet and the
cost of its erection was fully $11,000. At that time the congrega-
tion numbered about 140 families, who were placed under the care
of the Rev. Daniel Curran, its first and only pastor to the present
time. Father Curran has had many difficulties to contend with,
but he has labored faithfully and energetically and has built up the
congregation substantially. For the first two months of his
incumbency he lived in the vestry-room of the church, then for
IN THE STATE Ol- INDIANA.
about eleven months in the house of the bishop, then rented a cot-
tage near the church, and finally, in December, i88[, took pos-
session of the parsonage, which had been erected for the modest
sum of $1 ,000.
Father Curran. in July, 1880, induced the Sisters of St. bVan-
cis, of Oldenburg, to secure teachers for his school and also to
erect a building suitable for school purposes. This building, which
is complete in every respect, cost not less than $1 1,000, and was
finished and blessed January 2, 1881. The Sisters of St. Francis,
now in charge, number nine, with Sister Helena as directress, and
the enumeration of scholars is 266; there is, beside, attached to this
church, a school known as St. Ann's, attended by sixty colored
pupils, who are also in charge of the Sisters of St. Francis. The
instruction in these schools is thorough and comprehensive, and
includes lessons in music, both vocal and instrumental.
Rev. Daniel Curran is a native of Ireland, was born in
Crusheen, county Clare, September 9, 1841, and came to Amer-
ica with his parents in 1850. He was ordained priest at Indian-
apolis, by Bishop de St. Palais, Sepiember 6, 1874, and had his
first mission at Greensburg, Decatur county, Ind., where he
remained until July 28, 1877, when he was called to Indianapolis
by the Very Rev. August Bessonies, administrator of the diocese,
and here was assistant at St. John's church until appointed by
Bishop Chatard to his present charge.
The Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus and the convent of
the reverend Franciscan Fathers connected therewith are located
at the corner of Union, and Palmer streets, Indianapolis. The
parish consists of those German families which live south of
McCarty street, and at present it is the largest German parish in
the city of Indianapolis,
The Rev. Father Simon Siegrist, rector of St. Mary's church,
several years before his death, earnestly desired that the reverend
Franciscan Fathers, whom he held in high esteem, should come
to Indianapolis to take charge of St. Mary's church. His request,
however, could not be grafted. In the course of time the Right
Rev. Bishop de St. Palais found it necessary to establish another
" (305)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
German parish in Indianapolis. St. Mary's congregation becom-
ing too large, its boundaries lying too far apart, and the church
being too small. Father Siegrist again urged that the Franciscan
Fathers should come to Indianapolis. b^inally, at the chapter of
the Franciscan province of the Sacred Heart in St. Louis, it was
decided to permanently establish a house of the order, and so
organize a new German parish in Indianapolis.
July 14, 1875, the first five Fathers came to Indianapolis,
namely: Rev. Fathers Alardus Andrescheck, Vincentius Halfas, Pau-
cratius Schulte, Arsenius Fable and Francis Moenning. Their
first home was in the old academic building at the corner of Cap-
itol avenue and Georgia street. They set to work at once. In
August, 1875, the entire block on the northwest corner of Union
and Palmer streets was purchased for the new congregation. The
place has 420 feet front and is 182 feet deep. The erection of a
large house, to be used as a church, school and convent, was begun
immediately. On September 19, 1875, the corner-stone was laid
with imposing ceremonies. The Very Rev. Bede O'Connor, O. S.
B., then vicar-general of the diocese, held the panegyric in Ger-
man and English. These were his last sermons, for a short time
afterward he died suddenly.
December 25 of the same year, the completed building was
dedicated and the Fathers took possession of it. The second story
was partly used as a church, the first story as a school, while the
third story was practically the convent.
The little parish hardly numbered sixty families. These,
however, showed their good will by holding together and making
heroic sacrifices to keep up church and convent. Frank Adler
presented a bell, and Charles Wagner, then a young man, took
the task upon himself of collecting money for another. The good
women of the parish, also, did much to embellish the interior of
the little church. Rev. Father Alardus was ver\- zealous in
advancing the congregation, and to instil into the hearts of his
people love for their little church.
In 1877 Rev. Father Alardus bade farewell as pastor of the
Sacred Heart church, and Rev. Father Ferdinand Bergmeyer, O.
F. M., was appointed as his successor.
IN THE STATK OF INDIANA.
During nine long years, this reverend Father labored zealously
for the welfare of the congregation, which greatly increased in
membership every year. It was soon noticed that that part of the
monastery which was being used as a church could not accommo-
date all the faithful. But it was too difficult to begin the erection
of a new church. The Fathers, at the beginning of their career in
Indianapolis, had to struggle with many obstacles. The grounds
on which the church and convent were built cost $10,000, but
when the monastery was being built unscrupulous contractors
seriously deceived them. The purchase of another plat of ground,
for a new school-building, turned out to be a fraud. The debts of
the congregation, therefore, accumulated largely, and in 1876 they
reached the enormous sum of $35,000. The Fathers worked
strenuously to diminish this sum, and several times they made col-
lections from other parts for this purpose. When, therefore, in
1882. the debts were as yet quite large, and, on this account, the
people did not dare to begin the erection of a new church. Rev.
Father Ferdinand informed his congregation that the Franciscan
order would take care of the balance of the debt. A subscription
list, toward the building of a new church, was started at once.
The delighted people immediately signed over $6,000 for promoting
this purpose.
The venerable Brother Adrian, O. F. M., who has become
widely known, from his designing the plans and conducting the
erection of more than too magnificent church-buildings in all parts
of the United States, was called upon to prepare plans and specifi-
cations for a new church. The structure was to be in Gothic
style, and in the form of a cross, having a length of 168 feet and a
width of eighty-eight feet in the transept, and sixty-four feet in
the aisles. As the means of the congregation, however, were quite
limited, it was decided not to build the entire church at once, but
only a portion, and to complete the edifice later on, as means
would permit. Accordingly, only the sanctuary and a portion of
the nave were built, the whole being i 18 feet long by eighty-
eight feet wide. July 8. 1883, the corner-stone was laid by the
St. Rev. Bishop Francis Silas Chatard. amid a great throng of
people, numbering some 15,000. The work on the building was
(3UT)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
pushed rapidly, and on the second Sunday in Advent (December
lo, 1885) the new church was dedicated.
The cost of this structure was only $20,000, owing to the fact
that valuable services were gratuitously rendered by prominent
members of the parish. The masonry was done by Jacob Fritz;
George Clements did the carpenter work, and Joseph Ernst had
the contract for plastering. The inner work, as altars, pews,
confessionals, pulpit, pillars, etc., was done mostly by the carpenter
Brothers of the Franciscan order. Brother Isidor and Brother
Didadus deserve special mention for their very effective work in
the inner decoration. When this building was completed, there
was a debt of about $9,000 resting on it.
In July, 1885, Rev. Father Ferdinand was elected guardian
of Santa Barbara, Cal., and Rev. Francis Haase became pastor
of the Sacred Heart church. The standing of the congregation
at this time was quite a favorable one, numbering some 350 fami-
lies. The principal aim of the new pastor was to diminish the
debt which rested upon the church and to render the interior more
attractive and devout. To this end, the high altar was enlarged,
and remodeled and furnished with new statues of the Sacred
Heart, of St. Francis and of St. Anthony. In 1886 new con-
fessionals, made by Brother Isidore, were put up. The same
Brother also made an artistically carved communion railing.
Near this time, also, a beautiful crib was purchased, which ever
since attracts the attention of the faithful during the Christmas
festivals. In 1887 Rev. Father Francis purchased from the world-
renowned art gallery of Mayer, in Munich, Bavaria, two handsome
and artistic statues of the Sorrowful Mother, and of St. Anna
instructing the Blessed Virgin Mary.
In 1890 the last debts of the church were paid. As it was
found the church could not accommodate all the faithful, it was
decided to finish the edifice according to the original plans. But
to render the exterior more attractive, the plans were so changed
that two magnificent towers were built at the front. Brother
Adrian also planned and directed this annex.
The addition cost $30,000 and was completed the year fol-
lowing. Shortly before completion, a great calamity befell the
JmT
IN THK STATK Ol- INDIANA.
edifice mid it was thou/^ht for some time that everything would be
destroyed by fire. On Easter Monday. 1891. at about 11 o'clock.
A. M.. lightning struck the south tower, passed over the entire
building, and damaged it in several places. In the basement of
the churc h a very dangerous fire originated, just below the com-
munion railing. The fire department had hard work to extinguish
the fire, but succeeded after laboring one whole hour. The dam-
age was about $600, which, however, was fully covered b}- insur-
ance. This terrible hour and its exciting scenes will forever remain
in the minds of all those present.
After the two towers were completed, large and harmonious
bells were purchased. Rev. Father Francis took great pains to
secure the bells by special donations. The largest bell, which
weighs in the crown 4,000 pounds, was donated by several parties,
and is dedicated to the Sacred Heart of Jesus. The inscription in
the bell is, Laudis Thema Specialis — I am the object of special
praise. This bell hangs alone in the north-side tower. The south-
side tower contains three bells. The largest bell was presented by
the St. Francis Benevolent society. It is dedicated to St. Francis,
and, in reverence to him, the inscription is, Pra:;co sum magni
regis— I am the herald of the great king. The second bell in this
tower was presented by George Ohleyer, a pioneer of the Sacred
Heart parish, who by his special gift left a lasting monument to
his memory. This bell was dedicated to the Blessed Virgin with
the inscription, Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum — I announce to
you a great joy. The smallest bell was presented by Charles
Wagner and dedicated to St. Joseph, and bears the inscription,
Protectorem Domini glorifico— I praise the Foster Father of
the Lord.
June 7th, 1 89 1, this set of bells was blessed by the Very Rev.
Father Ferdinand Bergmeyer, who, at the time was provincial of
the Sacred Heart province. About the same time the interior of
the church was artistically frescoed by Mr. Hefele, of Cincinnati,
at a cost of $3,000. After the walls of the church had been thus
embellished they received a new ornament, namely, a set of artistic
stations, donated by a benefactor of the church who desires his
name to be withheld. The stations, in high relief of terra-cotta,
(309)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
were procured in the art emporium of Mayer, Munich, Bavaria,
whilst the frames of hard oak were obtained at Chicago, 111.
In the midst of this work the Rev. P. Francis Haase was
called away by the chapter of the province and made superior of
the Franciscan convent at St. Louis on July 8, i8gi. His suc-
cessor, as pastor of the Sacred Heart parish, was Rev. P. Bernar-
dine Weis. The first aim of the new pastor was to have the church
consecrated. Since, according to ecclesiastical laws, no indebted
church can be consecrated, he induced several wealthy members of
the parish to assume the responsibility for the $15,000 debt, which
still remained on the church-building. Meeting with success.
Father Bernardine could make the immediate preparations for the
solemn consecration. October 4, 1891, this grand and rare cere-
mony took place, the Rt. Rev. Francis Silas Chatard officiating.
The former pastors of the church, the Very Rev. P. Ferdinand
Bergmeyer and the Rev. P. Francis Haase, were both present.
The latter delivered a sermon, appropriate to the solemn occasion.
For three years the Rev. P. Bernardine arduously labored as pas-
tor of the Sacred Heart church, successfully managing, during this
short period, to efface the total debt of $15,000.
In August, 1894, the Rev. P. Francis Haase was appointed
pastor of the Sacred Heart church a second time. He at once
began the last building which the wants of the large congregation
required — a new school-house, with a large entertainment hall and
serveral club-rooms for the different societies of the parish. Already,
in 1888, three lots north of the church-building had been purchased
for this purpose.
In 1895 the plans for the new building were drawn up by
Brother Adrian, O. F. M., and work commenced at once. The
building, 156x66 feet, has three stories. The basement contains
club rooms for the men and young men's societies, a dining room
and kitchen, used at church festivals, and a recreation hall 80x25
feet with a bowling alley. On the second floor there are class
rooms, a library, a chapel for the ladies' sodalities, and the apart-
ments for the teacher and the janitor. The entertainment hall
extends over the whole third floor, is 148x60 feet, and has a seat-
ing capacity of 1,000. The hall is named St. Ca-cilia's hall, in
(MoT
IN THE STATl': Ol" INDIANA.
honor of St. CcLcilia's society, whose members always took an
active interest in all chnrch festivals.
The last embellishment the church has received in the present
year, 1898, are the two new side altars, upon which not onh- the
above-mentioned statues of the Sorrowful Mother and St. Ann are
placed, but also the statues of St. Martin, St. George, St. Ca-cilia
and St. Agatha. The first three statues were donated by St. Mar-
tin's branch, No. 80, C. Iv. A., St. George's commandery. No.
192, Knights of St. John, and St. Ccccilia's society; other benefac-
tors paid for the statue of St. Agatha, the protectress against fire.
These two altars, the workmanship of Brother Isidore, were blessed
August 7, by Rev. Father Francis; Very Rev. P. Michael Richardt,
O. -F. M., delivered the sermon.
Two other side altars will be procured in the near future,
as also a new grand organ, so that the interior of the Sacred
Heart church will be completed within the next two years, when
the celebration of the silver jubilee will take place. The parish at
present numbers 550 families. May God's blessing always remain
with it, that it ever prosper and flourish.
The sodality of St. Clare for the young ladies of the church
of the Sacred Heart, was the first sodality which was founded in
the congregation. As early as 1875 the young ladies had begun
this society. The organization, however, first took place under
Rev. P. Alardus, O. F. M., on May 5. 1878. Since 1889 the
sodality is divided into two branches. The first communicants
remain in the first branch for two years, and are then admitted into
the other. The members of the first branch wear a white ribbon,
while the members of the second department wear a blue ribbon,
with a medal as their regalia. The members receive the holy
sacraments on every third Sunday of the month, and are obliged
to attend the monthly meetings. At present it has a membership
of 250 young ladies.
The sodality of St. Louis for boys after they make their first
communion originated as follows: In May of the year 1885, Rev.
P. Ferdinand, O. F. M., organized a special society for boys. St.
Louis, one of the twenty-five Japanese martyrs of the Franciscan
Order, was chosen as its patron. The first communicants of the
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
year 1885, numbering thirty-one, were the first who joined this
society. The solemn reception took place on June the 28th. The
first director of this sodality was Ven. Br. Markus, O. F. M. Rev.
P. Augustine Heuseler, O. F. M., succeeded him in August, 1885.
The number of members rapidly increased. In the following year
the sodality received a banner through the assistance of Rev. P.
Augustine. The members of this society approach the sacraments
every fourth Sunday in the month and have their meeting on every
first Sunday. It at present enjoys a membership of fifty-four boys.
In June, 1889, the sodality of St. Louis was divided into two
branches. The one was intended for boys and the other for young
men. The branch to which the young men belong was placed
under the patronage of St. Aloysius. At its origin it had fifty-four
members. The young men receive the sacraments once every two
months, and have their meetings on the second Sunday of every
month. At present the sodality has eighty-five members, and is
known as the sodality of St. Aloysius for young men.
On December 12, 1875, the Sodality of Christian Mothers
was organized. Immediately, 130 pious women joined it. The
members of this society should not only strive after personal piety,
but also introduce piety and devotion into their families by fervent
instructions to their children as well -as by good example. A
monthly contribution of ten cents is being paid by every member.
Every other month the society receives holy communion in com-
mon. At present it numbers 405 members.
The society of St. Caicilia for men was established October
28, 1877, in the parish of the Sacred Heart. In the beginning, the
aim of this society was to provide for the singing in the church.
The church choir formerly consisted of the members of this society.
It placed itself under the patronage of St. Csecilia, the patroness
of song and music. This society also had to prepare dramatic and
musical entertainments for the benefit of the church, and has dis-
played great skill in this line on various occasions. Every fourth
Sunday in the month this society has a meeting. On the first
Sunday after the 22d of November it celebrates the feast of its
patron. It is owing greatly to this society's endeavor, also, that
(312)
I.N THE STATE ol" INDIANA.
the parish has a beautiful and voluminous library. This society
has at present 135 members.
The Mutual Aid society of St. Francis for Men was organized
March 5, ICS76, under the guidance of its spiritual director and
member. Rev. P. Alardus Andrescheck, with a membership of
sixty-six men. Its purpose is to assist those members, who, by
sickness, are disabled for labor, by the contribution of a monthly
fee of fifty cents. Every sick member receives the sum of five
dollars every week. In order to be admitted to this society the
applicant must be sound both bodily and mentally; must not be-
long to any secret societies; must have a good reputation and a
Christian character; must have attained the age of eighteen years,
and not be over fifty years old. At present the treasury of this
society contains $7,000. This society has a meeting on the first
Sunday of every month. On the first Sunday after the fourth of
October, it celebrates the feast of its patron, and on the first Sun-
day after the fifth of March it celebrates its anniversary. The mem-
bers approach the sacraments in corpore on both of these feasts.
At present the membership of this society amounts to 180 men.
The Knights of St. George, in the year 1876, belonged to the
Emeralds. Later on it separated from that society and assumed
the name, Knights of St. George. Thus it remained until Decem-
ber, 1891, when it joined the Knights of St. John. The second
Monday of every month is the appointed day for their meeting. In
this society there is also a uniformed branch, which is placed
under the leadership of the able captain, Oscar Wuenth. They
received prizes at the conventions at Evansville, Dayton and
Crawfordsville, which clearly shows their skill in military tactics.
St. Martin's branch, No. 80, of the Catholic Knights of
America, a branch of Catholic Germans, was formed about the
year 1880. The Rt. Rev. Francis Silas Chatard allotted it to the
Sacred Heart church, and appointed Rev. P. Ferdinand Bergmeyer
as its spiritual director. It has a meeting on every first and third
Monday of every month, and has a membership of 128 men.
St. John's church, the first of the name at Indianapolis, a
brick building, was erected in 1850 by the Rev. John Gueguen on
19 ~{313)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
the spot where Bishop Chatard's addition to the parsonage now
stands, facing Georgia street. Shortly afterward, Father Gueguen
was succ-eded by the Rev. Daniel Maloney, who built an addition
to the edifice in 1857, and in October of the same year the Very
Rev. August Bessonies was appointed pastor, and took charge
November 5. In 1858, the building of a young ladies' academy
was begun on the corner of Georgia and Tennessee streets, and
was finished in 1859, w^as placed in charge of the Sisters of Provi-
dence, and two years later was enlarged. In 1862 ground for a
cemetery was purchased; in 1863 a parsonage was built; in 1865 a
school-building for boys, adjoining the parsonage, was begun, and
completed in 1866, and this was placed in the charge of the
Brothers of the Sacred Heart early in the following year.
The corner-stone of the present St. John's church-edifice was
laid July 21, 1867, by Bishop de St. Palais, Father Smarius, S.
J., preaching the sermon. The building is an imposing structure,
2024^x75 feet; the center nave is fifty feet wide and fifty-three
feet high; the transept is 67 x 50 feet, and the sanctuary is 40 x 30^
feet. It has two towers and the spires reach an altitude of 200
feet. The church fronts on Tennessee street, and its cost reached
over $120,000. A chapel for the baptismal font is situated on the
north side of the sanctuary, near the entrance, and four small
chapels are located on each side of the nave for side altars and
confessionals. Bishop Chatard generously enriched the church by
the donation of a marble altar that cost $4,000, and two very fine
side altars, costing $700 each, were presented by the church socie-
ties. At the completion of the church, the Sisters of Providence
removed from Georgia and Tennessee streets to their commodious
St. John's academy, facing Maryland street, and in 1879 Bishop
Francis Silas Chatard erected his episcopal residence in immediate
connection with St. John's parsonage.
Father Bessonies, pastor of St. John's in 1885, celebrated his
seventieth birth-day, was created a domestic prelate of the Pope
and received the title of Monsignore, as a testimony to his good
services. In 1890 Mgr. Bessonies celebrated his golden jubilee as
priest and then resigned the pastorate of the church. He went to
Europe, but has, since his return, continued to reside with the
(3T4r
%.-i»isiii^*fcea.i- — ■■ .-.rvrrf-
ST. JOSEPH'S HALL, INDIANAPOLIS.
ST. JOSEPH'S PASTORAL RESIDENCE, INDIANAPOLIS.
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
bishop, ^oing with him to the new episcopal residence, corner of
Fourteenth and Meridian streets.
On the resignation of Mgr. Bessonies the Rev. Francis H.
Gavisk, who had been assistant priest at St. John's church since
1885, was placed in temporary charge. He was appointed rector
in September, 1892. In the year 1893 e.xtensive improvements
were made on the church. The spires were completed, the choir
gallery enlarged, a vestibule added, and the interior of the church
decorated and frescoed. The following year, 1894, a large organ
was placed in the choir gallery. These improvements, which com-
pleted the church, cost $35,000.
The Rev. F. H. Gavisk, the present rector, was born at
Evansville, Ind., in 1856. He pursued his studies at St. Mein-
rad, Ind., where he was ordained to the priesthood in 1885.
Since his ordination he has been connected with St. John's church.
He is assisted by Revs. Victor J. Brucker and Stephen Donoghue.
The congregation comprises about 800 families, and the school for
boys is supervised by five brothers of the Sacred Heart, with 210
pupils, while that for girls, under eighteen Sisters of Providence, is
attended by 363 pupils.
St. Joseph's Congregation was organized in 1873 by the Rev.
Joseph Petit. He erected a two-story building on East Vermont
street, which was to be church, school and parsonage. He
resigned his charge in April, 1874. The congregation was then
attended from St. John's by Rev. E J. Spelman and Rev. Francis
M. ^;Iousset. In 1874 Bishop de St. Palais built a roomy three-
story addition to the building erected by Father Petit, and made
of it St. Joseph's seminary. The congregation continued to have
regular services in the seminary chapel. The Rev. H. Alerding
was appointed to a position of procurator for the seminary and
pastor of the congregation in July of 1874, when the seminary was
opened. The seminary continued for one year and was then aban-
doned. From that time until the spring of 1879 nothing was done
by way of providing the congregation with a suitable church,
because Bishop de St. Palais' consent to build a church was per-
sistently withheld. In the month of April, 1879, Bishop Chatard
~{3lb)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
determined to make of the seminary a hospital. He not only
urged the congregation to build a new church in some other quar-
ter, but refunded $2,000 of the money spent on the old building.
Two lots, on which St. Joseph's church now stands, on the corner
of North and Noble streets, were purchased for $5,500, on April
25, 1879. The corner-stone was laid on July 20, 1879. by Bishop
Chatard, assisted by the priests of the city. On July 4, 1880, the
new church was blessed by Bishop Chatard and the first mass
celebrated by Father Petit, of Madison. St. Joseph's church is a
Gothic structure. It is 130 feet long, the nave 45 feet, and the
transept 70 feet in width, the height of spire 135 feet. The cost
of the church was $20,000. Churches of similar design built in
1882 have cost $25,000. In 1881 a parsonage was erected at a
cost of $5,000, including its furnishings. In 1882 three new altars
were built for $1,200. In 1883 a new pulpit for $300, two con-
fessionals, and Sacred Heart altar. A few years after the interior
was handsomely frescoed. The church and furnishings are now
complete in every particular. The cost of the furnishings, includ-
ing a Roosevelt organ, amounted to over $7,000.
The school has existed in St. Joseph's from the time the pres-
ent pastor received charge of the congregation. It was taught by
P. Jennings for one year, 1875 to 1876; by the Misses O'Connell,
1876 to 1877, and by Mrs. P. H. McNelis, who also had charge
for a time, and since then by the Sisters of Providence. This
community bought a lot south of the church in 1880; the buildings
on it were utilized for school purposes, but they proved to be
inadequate.
In 1 88 1 a new school-building was erected by the Sisters of
Providence — a three-story building, length, 130 feet — with Tour
large school-rooms, and hall on third floor. The front portion
forms the Sisters' residence, with recitation rooms, music rooms
and chapel.
The last great work of the parish was the erection of a school-
building for boys, with four spacious school-rooms on the ground
floor, and a very commodious and attractive hall on the second
floor. The building was erected in 1892. The building, heating
and water attachments, furnishings of the school-room, of the hall.
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
stage, gytiinasium, pool-room and other expenses, including paint-
ing of the hall, and complete outfit of scenery, necessitated the
outlay of over $20,000.
From the above may be gathered that St. Joseph's congrega-
tion since-its organization has spent in the erection of buildings,
their furnishings and the ground, $57,500. On this outlay of
money is still due the sum of $i6,ooo. The congregation is even
now (1898) making strenuous efforts to pay of^ this balance, and,
God willing, to celebrate the silver jubilee of its existence by the
solemn consecration of its beautiful church.
St. Mary's (German) Church, Indianapalis, was founded in
1857, in August of which year the corner-stone was laid by Arch-
bishop Purcell, in the presence of Bishop de St. Palais and Fathers
Brandt and Maloney. Father Maloney had been pastor of St.
John's congregation for some years, and the Germans were part
of that congregation until the close of 1857, when Rev. L. Brandt
founded St. Mary's.
When the Rev. Simon Siegrist became pastor on January 22,
1858, he found the four walls of the church and a debt of $3,200.
In that same year, on the 15th of August, the church was used for
the first time, the sanctuary only having been plastered. In Octo-
ber, 1858, however, it was blessed by the Rev. Jos. Rudolph, in
the presence of Bishop de St. Palais. The following are the dates,
character and cost of the improvements: December 8, 1858, a new
organ, $1,325; September, 1859, the small bell, $247; March 18,
1863, a second bell, $317. In 1868 the steeple was built at a cost
of $2,500. In the fall of the same year the church received a new
roof for $500. In 1869 the church was frescoed and the altars
gilded, for $500, donated by Joseph Nurre. In the same year
stained glass windows were procured for $400. December 5, 1869,
the large bell was bought, costing $643. The present handsome
parsonage Wris built in 1871. at a cost of $8,540. Father Siegrist
took possession of this March 22, 1872.
The Rev. Simon Siegrist was born at Stottsheim, diocese of
Strasbourg, France, on February 13, 1822. He emigrated to the
United States, arriving at St. Louis, June 19, 1847, and was
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
ordained priest there in the same year August 20. He had charge
of the church of Sts. Peter and Paul in St. I^ouis from the time of
his ordination until his arrival in Indianapolis. After a severe and
lingering illness he departed this life on October 28, 1S73. Father
Siegrist was an eloquent man, with a kind word for all and great
charity for the poor.
The Benedictine Fathers. Rev. P. Frowin, Very Rev. Bede
O'Connor and Rev. Eberhardt Stadler, had charge of St. Mary's
until July 28, 1874.
The \'ery Rev. Anthony Scheideler, V. C, has been pastor
of St. Mary's since July 28, 1874, although he did not become
vicar-general until 1878. when he was appointed by Bishop Chatard.
He was born at Borgholz, Westphalia, May 23, 1836. He studied
at Paderborn three years, and emigrated to America May 20, 1854.
He continued his studies at the Benedictine abbey, St. Vincent's,
Pa., until March 8, 1858, then came to Vincennes, finished his
theology, was ordained priest by Bishop de St. Palais on October
21, i860, and celebrated his first mass at St. Joseph's, Clark
county. He remained at Madison with Father Brandt for three
weeks, and was then appointed the pastor of St. Joseph's, Dear-
born county, on November 28, i860, from which place he also
visited Dover, same county, for five and a half years; St. Mary's,
Indianapolis, has been the scene of his labors since the summer
of 1874.
The first improvement, in the fall of 1874, was on the cem-
etery, where Father Scheideler erected a monument to the mem-
ory of Father Siegrist, and built a beautiful mortuary chapel, with
vault underneath, at a cost of $6,000. In the same year the
church received new gas fixtures and pews, costing $1,340. On
October 19, 1875, George Pfau donated a fine communion railing,
worth $315. The three altars were enriched with splendid candle-
sticks for $333. Father Scheideler's greatest work is the boys'
school, which necessitated an outlay of $[2, 000 in 1876. The
Sisters of St. Francis, also in 1876, erected a magnificent school-
building for the girls; the corner-stone was laid July 2, and it was
blessed December 8. The church was given new stained glass
windows in 1881, for $500. The boys' playground was enlarged
IX THE STATE OF INDIANA.
by the removal of the old school in rear of the church, and fenced
at a cost of $400. A new set of stations, costing $500, was
bought and erected by P. Ferdinand, O. S. F.. on March 24,
1882. The congregation numbers 360 families. The schools are
attended by 350 children, under fifteen Sisters of St. Francis.
Father Scheideler's assistant is the Rev. John I^oibl.
Sunday, August 19. 1883, the silver jubilee of the church was
celebrated. The exterior was newl\- painted, the inside newly
frescoed, pews revarnished, etc., the members of the congregation
having liberally contributed $2,583 for the purpose, which sum
fully covered the expenses. Solemn pontifical high mass was cel-
ebrated by the Right Rev. Bishop Chatard, and the occasion was
indeed a joyful one for the congregation and its pastor.
Sunday, July 26, 1885, two beautiful statutes of the Sacred
Hearts of Jesus and Mary were blessed. These were the gift of
one person and cost $347. October 21, 1885, the pastor cele-
brated his personal jubilee, and in this the entire congregation took
part, donating many costly vestments and other gifts. October
15. 1886, a new furnace was placed in the church at a cost of
$390. March 26. 1887, Mrs. Magdalena Maushad a new Brussels
carpet laid at the feet of Our Savior, in the sanctuar\ , at a cost of
$300. November 9, 1887. the congregation bought an additional
lot, 39 X 185 feet, for $7,500, and in the summer of 1889, a fine
society hall was erected at a cost of $13,350. and blessed August
II. In May. 1890. a new Cortright metal shingle roof, new cor-
nices, gutters, etc.. were placed on the church, at a cost of $950,
which amount was donated by seven members of the parish. In
the second week of February, 1892, Mrs. Magdalena Maus sur-
prised the pastor by stating, in a letter, that she would donate a
new high altar; her daughter, Magdalena, a side altar, and her
daughter, Josephine, another side altar. These generous acts
induced other members to re-fresco the church, and within three
days the pastor had sufficient cash in his hands for this purpose —
ten members of the parish donating $100 each, several $50, and
no one less than $25. Sunday, July 31. 1892, the new altars were
blessed by the Right Rev. Bishop, and the pastor thanked Gud and
the generous benefactors.
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
The parochial schools of St. Mary's have alwaj's been first-
class, and under the special care of the pastor, who has made the
infant class free to all Catholic infants.
In 1894, the congregation paid $4,125 to the city for sewers-
and asphalt pavements on and about the church property.
One night in October, 1896, burglars entered the sacristy,
opened the safe, stole one chalice and two ostensoriums. The'
news spread rapidly, and the next morning a good and pious par-
ishioner handed over to the pastor a roll of bank-notes, the gift of
himself and sister, with the request to buy a new chalice, the only
condition being that their names should not be made public. The
next day, Joseph Renk declared himself ready to purchase and
replace the small ostensorium, and Miss Magdalena Maus author-
ized the pastor to go to New York and purchase a precious osten-
sorium, the result being that St. Mary's is now in possession of the
most beautiful Gothic ostensorium in the diocese. The congrega-
tion is now entirely out of debt, and has a few thousand dollars on
hand, as a fund from which a new church may be built. The
earnest prayer of the grateful pastor is that God may bless and
preserve the good and generous people of St. Mary's.
St. Patrick's Church, Indianapolis, was at first named St.
Peter's church. The Rev. Aug. Bessonies, pastor of St. John's,
built the old or first church in 1865, and opened it for divine
service on the 29th of June. It is located near the southern
terminus of Virginia avenue.
The Rev. Joseph Petit, assistant at St. John's, became the
first pastor. In June, 1869, he visited Europe, and the Rev. P.
R. Fitzpatrick took charge of St. Peter's. In the year following,
1870, the corner-stone was laid for the present St. Patrick's church,
and the building completed and blessed in August, 1871. The old
church was converted into school-rooms, in which the Sisters of
Providence taught the girls of the congregation. In June, 1879.
Rev. Patrick McDermott was appointed to the charge, but this
worthy priest died in September, 1882.
In October, 1882, the Rev. Hugh O'Neill was appointed
pastor of St. Patrick's church. He was born at Dungarvan,
(320r
J»\*
■^i
ST. PATRICK'S CHURCH.
INDIANAPOLIS, IND.
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
county Waterford, Ireland, on May i8, 1838. He received his
classical education at Dungarvan; finished his theological course
at St. John's college, Waterford, and was ordained priest at St.
Mary's college, Oscott. Birmingham, England, by the Rt. Rev.
Dr. Ulathorne for the diocese of Nottingham. He served part of
his missionary life at St. Barnabas' cathedral. Eleven years he
was at Ilkeston, Derbyshire, having charge of several missions.
He spent four years at Hathersage, near Sheffield; in April, 1882,
he landed in this country and was placed at St. Joachim's church,
Frankford (Philadelphia), Pa. In October of the same year he
was received by Bishop Chatard and given charge as above.
St. Patrick's church is a fine brick building, about i 10 feet
long, in the form of a cross, Gothic style, with a spire of neat
design over the intersection of the transept.
IRELAND, DUBOIS COUNTY.
St. Mary's Church, at Ireland, Dubois county, was founded
in 1890, when a number of Catholics, who had affiliated in St.
Joseph's parish, at Jasper, Ind., concluded to establish a parish of
their own in Ireland, as more convenient to their places of resi-
dence. Consequently these few ardent and faithful members of
the church purchased nineteen and one-half acres of land and
burned brick to be used in the erection of a church-edifice, but,
after further reflection, the trustees decided to sell the brick and
apply the proceeds to the building of a frame church, which was
completed in 1891, and dedicated to St. Mary, Father Fidelis
being the first priest to read mass in the new edifice. The church-
building is a neat structure and is well furnished, and an annex is
devoted to school purposes. The church membership comprises
about forty-two families, who worship under the guidance of
Father Martin, and the school, which is under the direct control
of the worthy pastor, has an enrollment of about thirty pupils, who
are taught by Miss Lena Burger. The priest's house is a tasteful
modern brick cottage, completed in 1895, and the entire valuation
of the church property, including land and the buildings enumer-
ated above, is placed at $3,000. Father Martin, the present
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
pastor, is zealous and faithful, and prosperity and contentment
reign throughout the parish.
JASPER, DUBOIS COUNTY.
St. Joseph's Church. — In 1834 only two or three Catholics
were found at Jasper, but several Catholic famihes settled here
soon after. Rev. Maurice de St. Palais, who was located at St.
Mary's, Daviess county, was the first to visit the congregation in a
clerical capacity. A small log house on the banks of the Patoka
answered for a church. Father de St. Palais commended the
young congregation to the special care of the bishop, who sent as
the first resident pastor Rev. Joseph Kundek, and installed him at
Jasper in 1838, the congregation at that time numbering fifteen
families. During 1840 and 1841, he built the large brick church
with hardly any money, but through donations of labor and mate-
rial. During the Easter seasons. Father Kundek extended his
labors into Madison, Ind., and into Illinois. In 1843, in order to
restore his health, he took a trip to New Orleans, and in that city
built the first German Catholic church. Returning in 1844, he
laid out the town of Ferdinand and erected a stone church with the
money brought from New Orleans. About this time he built a log
church at Fulda and a small brick church at Troy. In 1845 he
built the court house at Jasper at a cost of $6,000.
In 185 I Father Kundek was about to make a trip to Europe
in the company of Bishop de St. Palais, when he stopped over at
Madison and built the first German Catholic church there. In the
autumn he follow^ed the bishop to France, and about this time he
was appointed vicar-general. During his trip he visited Einsiedeln,
the great Benedictine abbey, and did all in his power to induce the
abbot to send a colony of Benedictines to the diocese of Vincennes.
He returned to Jasper in 1853 and labored most zealously until
1857, when his last illness came upon him, and where he died
December 4, 1857. His memory in Jasper and the surrounding
country will remain forever in benediction. The following Bene-
dictine Fathers succeeded Father Kundek: Rev. P. Bede O'Con-
nor, January 23, 1858, to November 20, i860; Rev. P. Ulrich
Christen, November 20, i860, to February 22, 1865; Rev. P.
(3227"
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
Wolfgang Schlumpf, February 22, 1865. to July 25. 1865. and
Rev. Fidelis Maute, July 25, 1865, to June 22, 1897. In 1868 the
congregation numbered 2,400 souls, with 370 school children.
On the 25th day of March, 1847, eleven families emigrated
from the town of Pfaffenweiler, Gross Herzogthum. Baden, Ger-
many, and came to the United States via Rotterdam and Havre,
landing at New Orleans, La., and prominent among these were
the Eckerts, Becks, Kieffers, Schmidts, Ecks, Schubles and George
Bauman, a sculptor. The voyage was a perilous one, and during
the hrst week of its progress the weather was so tempestuous
that the destination of 'the ship, with its crew and passengers,
promised to be more likely the bottom of the Atlantic ocean
rather than the port of New Orleans. In this extremity, Mr.
Bauman made a vow to erect a cross near the church built, or
then to be built, by the congregation with which he might make
his future home, and this vow he faithfully fulfilled after reaching
Jasper, and to-day a beautiful specimen of the sculptor's art stands
on the south side of St. Joseph, executed by this faithful son of
the church, through the pecuniary aid of a Mr. Helm, of Tell
City, Frank Beck and Joseph Gramelspacher.
Father Maute was the builder of the new church, for which
the corner-stone was laid by Bishop de St. Palais, September 14,
1 87 1. The church stands on a conspicuous plat of ground and is
built entirely of blocks of stone, parallelogrammatic in form,
some of the immense blocks of stone containing sixty cubic feet.
The dimensions of the church are 190 feet long, eighty-four feet
wide and sixty-seven feet high. Father Fidelis Maute finished the
church step by step, not desiring to incur a debt on his congrega-
tion. Many a day P. Fidelis, in company with the trustees, espe-
cially Martin Friedmann, of Jasper, worked in the stone quarry,
taking their simple noonday lunch together like common laborers.
. The church is a magnificent and solid structure, and will stand as
a monument long after the death of the builders, when other
churches, built later, will have crumbled into decay. The beauti-
ful statues and altars are chiseled out of the purest Italian mar-
ble. The cathedral windows, which were donated by members of
(323)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
the congregation, in 1898, are gems of the rarest beauty, and were
furnished by American artists of Cincinnati, Ohio.
Father Stephen Stenger, the present priest, succeeded Father
Fidelis in January, 1896, and is a gentleman who is widely known
for his fidelity, his rare scholarship and priestly virtues, and is
beloved and highly respected by his congregation, which numbers
about 680 families, with an attendance of 2,800 or 3,000 souls.
The entire church property of the Catholics in Jasper, accounting
for money given, labor and material, and including all the build-
ings and the church, may safely be placed at $225,000. Over
$20,000 has been contributed within the last two years, 1 897-1 898,
for main altar and memorial windows and school-rooms.
The parochial schools of St. Joseph were founded in 1840,
have an attendance of 350 pupils, and are presided over by ten
Sisters of Providence, and two lay teachers for boys, and are under
the present supervision of Father Stenger.
JEFFEKSONVILLE, CLARK COUNTY.
St. Anthony's Parish is the oldest in Jeffersonville, Ind., and,
prior to the building of St. Augustine's church, included all the
Catholics of that city and vicinity. In 185 1 the corner-stone of
St. Anthony's church was laid by Rev. August Bessonies, now
vicar-general of the diocese of Vincennes. The church, . located
on Canal street near Maple, was a modest structure, built of brick,
and remained the place of worship of the faithful of St. Anthony's
parish until the present edifice was erected. Bishop Spalding, of
Louisville, afterward archbishop of Baltimore, dedicated the
church and Father Bessonies was the first pastor. He was suc-
ceeded by Rev. Philip Doyle and the latter by Rev. F. Ostlang-
enberg, who was the first resident priest, and resided in a small
frame cottage, purchased for that purpose and situated on Maple
street, in the rear of the church. Father Michael was the next
pastor. For a time during the war there was no regular officiat-
ing pastor, and priests from Louisville, prmcipally from St. Boni-
face church, held services at St. Anthony's.
Later on the bishop of Vincennes placed the parish in the
IN THE STATE Ol" INDIANA.
hands of the Franciscans, O. M. C, the first of whom was the
Rev. Father Bonaventura Keller, who remained until 1.S68. After
him came Father Joseph Liesen, who remained until 1870 and
who purchased the site on Maple and Wall streets where the pres-
ent church is situated, as well as the Catholic cemetery, located
on the outskirts of the city.
In 1871 Rev. Avelin S/abo took charge, and during his time
did much in the way of reducing the indebtedness contracted in
the purchase of the building site. In 1875 Father Leopold Mozy-
gemba, who succeeded Father Clements Luitz, commenced the
erection of the present place of worship. The church was built at
a cost of between $8,000 and $9,000 under the supervision of
Henry Nagle, Ferdinand Voigt, George Unser, Michael Reckten-
wald, Engelbert Spinner and Theobald Manny, building committee.
The priests after Father Leopold came in the following order:
Caesar Cuchiarian, 1877-78; Joseph Liesen (re-appointed), 1878-
79; Pius Koetterer, 1879-81; Anthony Gehring. 1881-83; Bernard
Ettensperger, 1883-87; Avelin Szabo (re-appointed), 1887-96;
Francis Newbauer, from February, 1896, to July, 1896; Lucius
Matt, 1896.
Two school-houses, one for boys and the other for girls, have
been built on the church lot, and the schools are flourishing under
the supervision of the Franciscan Sisters.
The societies are the St. George's Benevolent, Roman Ivnights
of St. George, and the Young Ladies' sodality and Altar society.
The parish has furnished two members of the priesthood, both of
whom have joined the Franciscans, O. M. C. One, the Rev. F.
M. Voigt, is the pastor of Our Lady of Angel's church of Albany,
N. Y., and the other. Rev. Otto Recktenwald, is assistant at the
Assumption church, Syracuse, N. Y.
The present pastor of St. Anthony's, Rev. Father Lucius
Matt, has had charge of the parish since July, 1896, and during
this time has demonstrated his interest in the welfare and success
of the church. He has added valuable and lasting improvements
to the church property and has done much to improve and beautify
the church-edifice, as well as to completely renovate the surround-
ings. He has also extinguished the remaining indebtedness on the
"(325)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
church, and under his administration St. Anthony's is prosperous
in every sense of the word.
St. Augustine's Church, of Jeffersonville, although new in
name, was founded, in reality, as far back as 1850, Rev. Daniel
Maloney being the first to say mass in a three-story brick building
on Front street, between Pearl and Mulberry streets, said building
being a sort of hotel. A small brick building, a mere chapel, was
put up, the corner-stone of which was laid on the loth day of
August, 1 85 1, St. Lawrence day, by the Rt. Rev. John Martin
Spalding, bishop of Louisville. October 18, 185 1, the church,
although incomplete, was blessed and dedicated to St. Anthony,
and mass was celebrated by Rev. Otto Jair.
In 1852, Father Otto Jair, a Franciscan of St. Boniface's
church. Green street, Louisville, was again invited to come and
celebrate the first mass in the still incomplete chapel, for, although
there was a chapel, the diocese of Vincennes was unable to send a
priest.
On the 17th of March, 1854, Father Aug.' Bessonies, late
pastor of Fort Wayne (then a part of the Vincennes diocese),
arrived in Jeffersonville. He was accompanied by the Rt. Rev.
M. de St. Palais, and by him left in charge of the new congrega-
tion. There being no dwelling built for him. Father Bessonies
took his lodgings in the house of John Burke, a merchant, and the
leading Catholic in the city. About 1855 or 1856, he erected a
small brick building of two rooms for a residence as a wing to the
church, and in i860 these rooms were used as the parish school.
He prepared for the future by purchasing wLh his own private
funds two large lots at the corner of Chestnut and Locust streets,
a far more eligible site than the small piece of ground occupied by
the temporary church.
Father Bessonies left about the middle of November, 1857,
being replaced by Rev. William Doyle, who himself was replaced
in March, 1858, by his brother. Rev. Philip Doyle. February,
1 861 , Father Schafroth came and was succeeded by Father Abarth,
who stayed until December of that year, when Father Ostlangen-
berg was appointed. In the second week of October, 1863, Father
IN THE STATli Ul- INDIANA.
Bede O'Connor, a Benedictine monk of tlie diocese, j^ave a mission
which was very larj^^ely attended, many bein^^ actually crowded
out of the little chapel. At once Father Ostlangenber^ prepared
for building a church on the lots bought by Father Bessonies.
The corner-stone was laid October i8, 1863, this second time by
Bishop Spalding, of Louisville.
Scarcely one month and a half after Father Ostlangenberg
left, F"ather Philip Doyle took his place, January i, 1864. Rev.
G. A. Michael succeeded him in a few weeks, and during his stay
built the foundation. After him, Father Mougin, of New Albany,
built the walls and enclosed the church, which was opened for serv-
ice and blessed by Bishop de St. Palais, March 17, St. Patrick's
day, 1868. From that time until November, 1868, the holy sacri-
fice of the mass was celebrated in it Sundays for the whole popu-
lation by the clergy of New Albany, oftener by a priest who could
also hear the confessions of the Germans and address a few words
to them in their own language. At the close of November, 1868,
Father Fleischmann, heretofore only an assistant to the pastor of
Holy Trinity church in New Albany, was placed in charge. He did
not remain a week. Rev. E. Audran, of the cathedral of -Vincennes,
having been sent to take his place. After a consultation, in which
the newly appointed pastor of the big church— now named St.
Augustine's in honor of its benefactor. Rev. Aug. Bessonies, the
first resident priest of the city— took part, it was resolved to try if
a permanent German congregation could not be formed.
Franciscan Fathers of the Minor Observance (a branch of the
order different from the Brown Franciscans of St. Boniface church
in Louisville), had lately come to Louisville, Ky. , and there started
two small congregations. As they were desirous of undertaking to
do more, one of them, an Italian who spoke some German, Father
Joseph Liesen, was invited to come occasionally on Sundays to say
mass for the Germans in the old church. He came, Sundays,
from Louisville returning home every time, until, finally, the
people taking heart, the succeeding priest. Rev. Avelin Szabo,
ventured to reside in the city altogether. With a view to aid in
providing funds by the sale of lots and graves, one member, Henry
Nagle, bought, mostly with his own means, a piece of ground
1327)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
adjoining the city for a Catholic graveyard. A new lot, larger and
more convenient for church purposes, was soon secured, chiefly by
Mr. Nagle's efforts. In 1876, the priest then in charge, Father
Leopold Moczygamba, resolved on building a temporary German
church, with rooms attached in the rear for a residence.
As the preceding lines give the history of the congregation up
to Father Audran's time, 1868, it will be necessary only to detail
here what transpired in his day. Father Audran was confronted
with not only an unfinished church, but with what was worse, a
debt of $10,000. The openings in the front of the church were
simply boarded up, and the tower was no higher than the walls.
The following year (1869) he finished the tower at a cost of $3,000,
and in five years paid $5,000 of the debt.
In 1869, Father Audran, being assured of the aid of the Sis-
ters of Providence, gave up his residence to the Sisters, who began
school work at once. In the meantime the good Father occupied
the house of a neighbor in the rear of the church. The little
school opened with Sister Gertrude as superior. It continued
until the superior of the order visited Jeffersonville and determined
upon the purchase of a residence opposite the church, which is
now in use as the parish school for girls, 185 attending. The
property cost $10,000, and was bought on credit at ten per centum
interest.
In 1872 he built the two-story brick school for boys, at a cost
of $3,000. It is 40x20 feet, and accommodates the ninety school
boys of the parish. In 1873 the pastor was absent on a three
months' vacation in Europe, during which time Father Szabo, of
St. Anthony's church, Jeffersonville, attended to the wants of his
people. In 1874, Father Audran finished the church at a cost of
nearly $9,000. and February i of that year Bishop St. Palais cele-
brated pontifical high mass and blessed the sacred edifice. The
same year, January 4, 1874, the congregation was solemnly dedi-
cated to the Sacred Heart of our Lord Jesus Christ. The pastoral
residence, a neat two-story brick structure situated on a lot adjoin-
ing the church, was built in 1884 at a cost of $4,200. The stone
steps and platform extending the entire width of the church were
laid in 1881. The church is 50x120 feet, forty feet high, with
(828r
IN THE STATE OF INDIAN/V
arched ceiling of varnished southern pine, stained-glass windows,
and plain design in fresco. The furniture is neat and the altars
and sanctuary arc quite attractive, inspiring devotion in the
beholder. A good organ and a very tasty pulpit are other notable
features in the church. The church property, at the corner of
Chestnut and Locust streets, is 213 x 167 feet in dimensions. It is
valued at $40,000. St. Augustine's Debt Paying society was
organized August i. 1886. At the initial meeting the following
officers were elected: President, Patrick Herron; vice-president,
Michael Connelly; treasurer, John Craig; secretary, P. C. Dono-
van; assistant secretary, J. B. Murphy. The object of the society,
as its name implies, is to raise by monthly contributions, voluntary
.donations, and other means, the necessary amount to pay off the
entire indebtedness of St. Augustine's church.
Up to January i, 1890, there had been received in monthly
contributions and donations 1^2,722.30; from fair in December,
1887, $857.60; lawn fete, June, 1888, $59; river excursion, July,
1888, $171.35; fair, October, 1888, $1,414.18, making a total of
$5,224,43. The amount of expenditures for the same period were,
principal on notes, $3,477; interest, $1,203.55; insurance, $290;
coal, $95; stationery and printing, $46.70, and incidental expenses,
$29.50 — the total amount of expenditures being $5,141.75, leav-
ing a balance in the treasury January i, 1890, of $82.68.
The society at present is in a very flourishing condition, the
voluntar}- contributions averaging about $55 per month.
JENNINGS COUNTY.
St. Ann's Church, Jennings county, Ind. , dates its first records
back to 1840, the name of Rev. William Chartier being the first to
appear on the books, although a small log church had existed here
since 1835. Whether the little church, in the center of an
immense forest, was built by him does not appear. Rev. Vincent
Bacquelin was here in 1842; Rev. P. Mueller, O. P., also in 1842.
In 1843 Rev. Julius Delaune, Rev. Roman Weinzoepfel and Rev.
J. N. Mullen, O. S. A. The church was attended by Father
Delaune in 1S45 ^"^1 1846.
20
(329)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
Rev. Alphonse Munschina was the first resident pastor from
1846 until 1854. He worked hard, in the literal sense of the word,
to advance the interests of the mission. Rev. P. Kreusch attended
in i854andi855. In 81 55 and 1856 Rev. A. Carius, Father Kreusch
again, and also Rev. Leonard Brandt, visited the people. These
priests resided at Madison.
On July 26, 1859, Rev. B. H. Schultes, who had been the
resident pastor from 1856, died suddenly. His grave is in St.
Ann's cemetery. Rev. J. M. Missi became the pastor on Decem-
ber 24, 1859, and remained such until January 5, 1868, when his
name appears for the last time on the books. It was Father Missi
who built the present large and handsome brick church under the
greatest dif^culties, spending a good deal of his own money and
working with his own hands. The people say that "he made
more than one-fourth of the bricks in the church." The building
was under roof when he left it in 1868, with no debts on it.
Father Missi's successor was the Rev. Lawrence Osterling, O.
M. C. He pushed the good work bravely forward. He had the
church plastered, altars and pulpit built, and the interior of the
church beautifully ornamented. In 1872 he erected a new parson-
age. He was a zealous, pious priest, and a true pastor of his Hock.
He died on the 9th of February, 1877, consumed by his labors, only
tifty-four years of age. He was buried in the church in front of
the Blessed Virgin's altar, and a monument was erected in 1880.
Rev. F. X. Seegmuller was pastor from August, 1877, until
June, 1879. Rev. John Nep. Wernich took charge on July 5,
1880. He was born in the city of Elbing, in the province of
Ermland, Prussia, on February 21, 1846. He studied at the
gymnasium in Elbing from 1855 to 1861, then in Braunsberg until
1864; having finished his theological studies in the Paderborn semi-
nary, and having received minor orders in 1868, he was ordained
priest on September 30, 1868. He spent the first five years of his
ministry in the missions of western Missouri. Having nearly
destroyed his health there, he returned to his native country and
was appointed pastor of the parish of Olivia. The Prussian'.gov-
ernment not recognizing the bishop's appointment, he returned to
this country June 16, 1880. Two weeks after he became the pas-
IN THH STAT1-: OF INDIANA.
tor of St. Ann's, workin;; hard and in every way furthering the
interests of his congregation.
Following Father Wernich came Father Alois DanenhofYer,
who was in turn succeeded by the Very Rev. E. Faller. Father
Faller, however, is the benefactor of St. Ann's church. Within
the short space of one year he built a brick school-house, enlarged
the parsonage, erected the large steeple on the church, bought
three bells, etc, and for all these improvements he paid from his
own means nearly $7,000.
The present pastor, Rev. A. J. Urich, took charge of St. Ann
July 16, 1886. He at once set about to pay off a debt of $1,100,
in which he succeeded, and then made other necessary improve-
ments. He fenced in the church property, had the parsonage and
school-house decorated and furnished, and bought vestments, etc.
The church property now is valued at about $20,000.
Father A. J. Urich was born on February 17, 1863, at St.
Joseph, Vanderburg county, Ind. He pursued his studies at St.
Meinrad, and was ordained at Ferdinand June 19, 1886, by Bishop
F. S. Chatard. St. Ann is his first congregation. The congrega-
tion now numbers ninety families, mostly of German descent.
KENDALLVILLE, NOBLE COUNTY.
The Immaculate Conception Church. — Prior to 1866, the peo-
ple of Kendallville who professed the Catholic faith attended
church at Avilla, then under the pastorate of Rev. A. B. Oechter-
ing. This clergyman, in the year named, bought the structure
owned by the Baptist congregation at Kendallville for $2,500, and
this was used by the Catholics until the coming of Father Dueh-
mig, who paid for the dilapidated building and nearly rebuilt it,
converting it into a respectable house of worship, 36 x 56 feet, put
in new altars, etc., and added a vestry, priest's rooms, etc. The
congregation continued to be a mission of Avilla until 1897, when it
was placed in charge of St. Patrick's church at Ligonier.
KENTLAND, NEWTON COUNTY.
St. Joseph's Church. — Early in the 'sixties there were a num-
ber of Catholic families living in the vicinity of Kentland and the
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
first priest to visit them was from Logansport. Services were
held in the court house at intervals until 1864, -when Rev. J. A.
Stephan, who was stationed at Rensselaer, took charge of the mis-
sion, visiting the same once a month, and holding services at the
court house and Kent's hotel, and during the same year built the
first church, a wooden structure, 40x60 feet, at a cost of about
$1,000. The site, two acres, for this church was donated by
Ale.x J. Kent, a Protestant. Mr. Kent also donated five acres, one
mile south from town, for a Catholic cemetery.
At this time there were twenty-five or thirty Catholic families
living within a radius of twelve miles of Kentland. Among the
first Catholic families to settle here, however, were those of
Anthony Dehner, P. I). Gallagher, Terrence Cunningham and
John Ryan.
In 1870, Rev. Anthony Messman took charge as the first resi-
dent priest, but as there was no parsonage, he made his home
with John H. Smith. In 1871 he built an addition to the church
and made other improvements, and in 1872 he built a brick par-
sonage. In 1 88 1, Rev.' Baumgartner took charge; in 1883, Rev.
William Miller; in 1892, Rev. Charles Ganser, the present priest,
was placed in charge. In 1890-1891, the present brick edifice
was built, with a seating capacity of 600. The building, furniture
and decorations cost $20,000. and the church is handsomely fur-
nished and decorated, is out of debt, and at least 500 communi-
cants partake of the holy sacrament. The old church building
has been transformed into a school-house, which is in charge of
three Sisters of St. Francis from LaFayette and is attended by
about forty-one pupils.
KLAASVILLE, LAKH COrNTV.
St. Anthony de Padua Congregation was organized during the
late Civil war by Bishop John Henry Luers, and soon afterward a
neat frame church-building was erected at a cost of about $2,000.
Henry Klaas, Sr. , was largely instrumental in securing the con-
struction of this building, being assisted in the task by the co-opera-
tion of many good Catholics, such as the families: Haase, Berg,
Moenix, Reineke and Hepp, in Indiana, and by others in Illinois,
IN THE STAT1-: Ol" INDIANA.
across the state line. St. Anthony de Padua congregation was
attended from St. Jc^hn's, and Hanover Center, by Fathers Nigh,
Wehrle, Fuchs, Kin^, Rensen, Kachor, Siegelack and Deimel. and
by Rev. j. H. Ikithe, the first resident pastor, who was followed
by Fathers Ganser, Weber, and the present pastor, Rev. A. M.
Buchheit, who took charge July 29, 1895. Up to this time, Lowell
had been a mission attached to St. Anthony's, but in October of
that \ear it was attached to St. Augustine's of Rensselaer. At the
start, the members of St. Anthony's congregation was comprised
of twenty families; it now numbers twenty-nine, who are all West-
phalians, and all well to do, many ow^ning fine farms. The church
grounds comprise six acres, on which are located the church build-
ing, a neat parsonage the residence of the Sisters, and the ceme-
tery. The school is attended by about thirty-five pupils, who are
in charge of two Franciscan Sisters of the Sacred Heart, of Joliet.
KNOX COUNTY.
St. Rose Church is situated about eight miles south of \'in-
ceniies, about midway between that city and St. Fra/acisville, in
Illinois. The church was erected about 1842 and is a frame
structure in the form of a cross. At the time the church was
erected a very large number of French Catholics resided in that
part of Knox county, both above and below that part of the Wa-
bash river called " Faux Chenal. " It was to accommodate these
that the church was built. But the number of Catholics in that
vicinity has gradually diminished by the wasting away of the old
stock of French, and emigration, until at present the number of
Catholics there is greatly reduced. St. Rose never had a resident
pastor, but it was supplied every two weeks from the cathedral in
Vincennes. Within the last few \ears the resident pastor of St.
Thomas has also officiated at St. Rose.
St. Thomas' Church was built about 1850, and is situated on
a prairie about eight miles southwest of Vincennes. The church
is located on a forty-acre tract of land, and is a frame structure,
well built and in good condition. The congregation worshiping
'here is largely composed of Germans and French, and is rapidly
"(385)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
increasing. This church had no resident pastor for many years,
but was regularly attended either from the Highland Orphan asy-
lum, or the \'incennes cathedral. About four years ago Rev. John
F. Stanton was appointed resident pastor. He at once had a
large and substantial pastoral residence erected, he made many
improvements both to the church and grounds, until St. Thomas' is
now one of the best country churches in this section. The pres-
ent pastor is the Rev. Joseph T. Sennefeld.
KOKOMO, HOWARD COl NTV.
St. Patrick's Church at Kokomo ha? an interesting history,
indeed. This church is not \et fort\- \ears old, but in this brief
period its upbuilding has been remarkable. Back in the 'fifties
there were but a few Catholic families in Kokomo, the sparse
mission being visited by priests from Indianapolis and other points
for the celebration of mass and the baptism of infants. Among
these early mission visitors were Fathers Maloney and Doyle.
The first efforts at establishing a mission and organization was
begun by good Father Hamilton in 1859, in which year he secured
a tract of ground which was consecrated for church purposes, and
the following year witnessed the erection of the old church. At
that time there were barely a dozen Catholic heads of families in
Kokomo. Among these may be mentioned those of Cornelius Mc-
Carty, John Conklin, Michael McGlynn, John Sullivan, Mark Mc-
Teague and the Walters and McLaughlin families. After the
establishment of this mission there was a period of more than ten
years, during which period it experienced numerous changes in
spiritual direction. The first to follow Father Hamilton was
Father Force, then Father Kroeger, both of whom attended the
church from Peru. Then there were Feather Borg and Father
Seegar, who also attended the mission for awhile, and others.
The first resident pastor was Rev. Patrick Frauley, who served
from September. 1869, to October, 1871, during which time he
added a vestrx' to the mission church. He was succeeded by
Father J. H. O'Brien, who, in turn, was succeeded b\' Father John
Grogan in June, 1872. It was the next year, in September, of
IX THE STATE OF INDIANA.
1873, that thi' present beloved pastor, Rev. Francis Lordemann.
came.
The con^^aegation had increased by this time to a somewhat
more pretentious force, and when Feather Lordemann took charge
comprised about fifty famiHes. The pastor at once set about
improxing the property, and in 1874 the commodious parochial
residence was built, additional grounds were purchased, the old
church moved to an adjoining lot and its former site prepared for
the erection of a more suitable house of worship. This edifice was
completed in 1877 at a cost of about $20,000. In dimensions it
is 56X I 15 feet, and had an original seating capacity of 650, which
has since been largely increased by supplemental pews, and three
new altars ha\e also been supplied since. An adjoining lot was
acquired in 1893, and the next year saw the completion of St.
Francis academy at a cost of $7,000. This admirable school is
ably presided over by the Sisters of St. Joseph, four in number,
a thorough course of instruction is given, and large classes are
graduated each year.
The congregation of St. Patrick's church at Kokomo is for-
tunate in not having been compelled to bear the burden of an
excessive debt, the indebtedness ne\er having exceeded $4,000,
and is at present less than $2,000, that being on the school build-
ing and Father Lordemann, being an excellent financier, has
skilfully arranged for funds to meet this small indebtedness. St.
Patrick's church is in a flourishing condition, is strong financially,
and is rapidly growing in the number of its families. It owns
ground fronting 430 feet on the west side of Washington street,
between Broadway and North streets, and its buildings are in
admirable condition. There are in the parish branches of the
Catholic Benevolent legion, Total Abstinence society. Rosary
society. Young Ladies sodality and Ancient Order of Hibernians,
all of which have a large membership.
The original school attached to St. Patrick's church at
Kokomo was organized in 1874 by Father Lordemann, and was
partitioned off by boards each morning after mass from the audi-
torium of the church proper. The attendance numbered about
thirty-five pupils, but in 1877, the church-building was remodeled
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
into a school-building, with a seating capacity for 130 pupils,
although the number of attendants did not exceed sixty. But the
number of pupils continued to increase, and in 1894 a new school-
building was erected, 40x65 feet on ground plan and two stories
in height. The cost of the building, ground and equipment is
estimated at $11,000, and the attendance numbers about 128.
These pupils are under the charge of three Sisters of St. Joseph,
of Tipton, and are graded up to the instruction given in the state
high schools.
LAFAYETTE, TIPPECANOE COUNTY.
St. Mary's Church. — In the year 1808 Pope Pins \TI erected
Bardstown, Ky., into an episcopal see, and two years afterward
the Rt. Rev. Benedict Joseph Flaget became its first bishop.
Indiana, owing to its nearness, became a portion of the new dio-
cese. In 1834 the Catholics had tiocked into this state in such
numbers that it was found impossible for the bishop in Kentucky
to attend the many calls made upon him in Indiana, and it was
found necessary to erect a new diocese in the latter state. Its see
was fixed at Vincennes, and comprised the whole state.
The city of LaFayette was laid out in 1825, and in 1840
Catholics of pluck, energy and enterprise — among whom may be
mentioned Owen Ball, Judge John Connolly and James H. Mc-
Kernan — petitioned the bishop for a visiting priest, showing that
there were at least fifteen Catholic families in LaFayette. In con-
sequence, the Rev. Augustus Martin, afterward bishop of Natchi-
toches, La., came down from Logansport for a short time.
He was soon replaced in these periodical visits by his assistant.
Father Francis, and he in his turn was replaced by Father Lalu-
miere, of Terre Haute. Mass in those days was offered up in the
houses of different members of the congregation. In 1843 the
bishop of \'incennes sent to LaFayette, as the first resident priest,
the Rev. Michael Clark, who rented from Mr. Benbridge a small
room located on Fourth street, just south of the present govern-
ment building. The fifteen families had now increased to twenty-
five.
In 1844 the little church on Fourth street was entirely too
IN THE STATi: Ol INDIANA.
small to hold all the worshipers. Property was innv purchased on
the corner of F'ifth and Brown streets, and in the same year the
building of St. Mary's and Martha's church was begun and pushed
to completion at a cost of upward of $10,000. It was by far the
handsomest church edifice in LaFayette, and regarded as superior
to all in northern Indiana.
During the pastorate of Father Clark, covering a period of
about fourteen years, a parsonage was also built in the rear
of the church, which was afterward destroyed by tire. Seeing
at that early day the necessity of a school for the children under
his charge, he built one on the ruins of the destroyed pastoral
residence, which became the nucleus of the present flourishing
schools attached to St. Mary's church. Father Clark, after work-
ing long and successfully in Lafayette, went to Bloomington, 111.,
where he died full of years and good works as pastor of the Catho-
lic congregation.
Rev. Father Maloney succeeded Father Clark in i<S57, and
remained in charge but a year and a half. At this juncture it was
decided that the growing congregation in the upper half of the
state justified the erection of an episcopal see there. The Rt.
Rev. J. H. Luers, a priest of Cincinnati, was selected bishop by
Pope Pius IX, with Fort Wayne as the place of his residence. He
was consecrated on January loth, 1858. LaFayette soon attracted
his attention, and such were then the prospects of the cit}-, and so
well was he pleased with the flourishing state of the church there,
that he contemplated fixing his permanent residence there. But
after a year's stay, and after the failure of several negotiations
regarding the purchase of an eligible site for a cathedral, school
and residence, he returned to Fort Wayne. On the withdrawal of
Bishop Luers, Father Maloney also left LaFayette, going to Indi-
anapolis in 1859.
In July, 1859, the Rev. Edmund B. Kilro}-, until then pastor
of St. Joseph's church, Laporte, Ind., succeeded to the \acant
pastorate. In i860 the Catholic citizens of Lafayette welcomed
the Sisters of Providence, from Terre Haute, as laborers in the
cause of Catholic education. Their school was first opened with
about eighty scholars, on Fifth street.
~mT)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
Old St. Mary's and Martha's church, on the corner of Fifth
and Brown streets, had become entirely too small to hold the
large, ever-increasing congregation, and Fifth street, now traversed
by an important line of railroad, unfitted it for church purposes.
At this juncture Lawrence B. Stockton, having come into posses-
sion of that plat of ground known as Seminary Hill, proposed to
donate a sufficient number of lots for the proposed new church.
His offer was accepted, and Father I\ilro\ urged the Sisters to build
their academy upon part of this donation. In i860 the present St.
Ignatius academy building was begun, and completed at a cost
of $20,000.
As soon as the Sisters were located in their new house and
school, plans were made for the new St. Mar\'s church, and the
excavation commenced. It was a herculean task to grade the site,
and cost a sufficient sum to build an ordinary church. The founda-
tion was laid in 1861. Now the call to arms sounded throughout
the United States, and Father Kilroy was appointed by the governor
to look after the interests, spiritual and temporal, of Indiana's
troops in the field. His acceptance necessitated a new appoint-
ment to the pastorate of St. Mary's church.
Rev, George A. Hamilton, a Kentuckian, was appointed to the
charge. A seemingly hopeless task presented itself to him. Yet,
in the short space of five years the church was built and dedicated,
at a cost of $60,000, over and above that which had been expended
on the foundation. The present pastoral residence was built at an
outlay of over $8,000, and the boys" school, facing on South street,
constructed at a cost of $10,000. During the eleven years of his
pastorate Father Hamilton moreover erected St. Ann's chapel and
school in the southern part of the city, and bought twelve acres of
land for the enlargement of St. Mary's cemetery in Elston.
Exhausted by his labors for the welfare of his congregation, he
died in April, 1875.
Rev. M. E. Campion succeeded Father Hamilton, with the
Rev. M. M. Hallinan, D. D., as his assistant. After o\er four
years of efficient ministry. Feather Campion desired a change, and
was succeeded by Rev. M. Noll. His career was cut short by
death after one month.
IN THE STATE Ol' INDIANA.
Now the Rev. Joseph Rademacher, pastor of St. Mary's
church. l"\)rt Wayne, was sent by Kishop Dwenger to take up the
burden of his predecessors in LaFayette. His management was
marked by /.eal and prudence, and gained him the respect and sin-
cere good will of the people. In 1883 Father Rademacher was
appointed bishop of Nashville. Tenn.. and in 1894. after Bishop
Dwenger's death, he succeeded to the bishopric of Fort Wayne.
In June. 1883, Rev. E. P. W^alters succeeded Rt. Rev. Bishop
Rademacher at St. Mary's church. LaFayette. Under his zealous
and prudent management the church was put in e.xcellent repair
and embellished with beautiful fresco painting; artistic stained'
glass paintings were put into the wind9ws. new confessionals were
erected and a steam heating apparatus set up. Beside. St.
Mary's cemetery was put in excellent order— all without incurring
any debt. Father Walters, for whom a great many years and
ecclesiastical honors of a higher degree seemed in store, died after
a few months' illness on June 12, 1894.
On August 4th of the same year the Very Rev. J. R. Dinnen.
pastor of St. Bernard's church, Crawfordsville, was appointed to
the rectorship of St. Mary's church. It may be remarked here,
that on January i, 1887, St. Mary's was made an "immovable
rectorate," giving its incumbent life tenure of the office. Father
Dinnen, who is also dean of the LaFayette district and member
of the bishop's council, soon won the love and confidence of his
parishioners. He improved the pastoral residence, making a num-
ber of -necessary repairs, and bought the boys' school on South
street for the congregation.
A great and long desired improvement was begun in the fall
of 1897, and brought to a successful issue in the following spring;
the tower and spire of the church were completed at the cost of
about $s,ooo, the stately edifice thereby receiving its crowning
glory.
St. Bonifiace's church. — The origin of St. Boniface's church
dates back to 1853, when the number of Catholic Germans in
LaFayette had increased to such an e.xtent that a meeting was
called on Christmas. 1853. and a building society was organized
^339)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
for the purpose of establishing a German congregation and erecting
a church. Two lots on Tenth street were purchased for $1,400,
and St. Boniface's church, a substantial brick building, was erected
during the following year at a cost of $7,000. In 1863 the con-
gregation had become so numerous that it was decided at a meet-
ing of the members to erect a large, new church on the corner of
Ninth and North streets.
Even before the formation of the congregation into a separate
parish the Germans in LaFayette were occasionally visited by Rev.
Carius, of Logansport. In 1853, the Rev. Philip Doyle, who
spoke German fluently, was appointed pastor of the new congre-
gation. He organized the building society, with Herman \\'ilken
as president; John Meyer as vice-president, Conrad Scheie, secre-
tary, and Anthony Korty, treasurer, together with seventy-seven
charter members. Father Doyle was succeeded by Rev. Pinkers.
during whose pastorate a brick school-building was erected on
Ferry street. Up to 1863, Revs. Neuber, Wehmhoff and Stephan
followed each other in the order named as pastors of the congre-
gation. The latter was succeeded by Rev. Deipenbrock, under
whom the new church was built.
This church, a spacious brick edifice of the Gothic order of
architecture, 155 feet long by 60 feet wide, was completed, except
tower and spire, in 1865, at a cost of $28,762.
In 1866 the Rt. Rev. Bishop J. H. Luers placed St. Boni-
face's church in charge of the Franciscan Fathers of the province
of Cincinnati, who sent Fathers Venantius Arnold and William
Gausepohl, the former as pastor, the latter as assistant. In 1867
a two-story brick school-building was erected on the foundation of
the old church on Tenth street at a cost of $4,300. The new
church was furnished with stained glass windows and a magnifi-
cent high altar. In 1869 Rev. Denis Abarth, O. S. F., was placed
in charge, but retired on account of ill health in 1870. He was
succeeded by Rev. Accursius Beine, O. S. F. , who had the church
furnished with a splendid large pipe-organ and two beautiful Gothic
side-altars. In 1 871 the congregation purchased the lot in the
rear of the church for $1,600, and built the present parsonage at a
cost of $5,000. In 1878 Father Beine was succeeded by Rev.
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
Agnellus Fisher, who had charge of the congregation till 1882,
when he returned to Europe.
Rev. Daniel Heile was then appointed pastor. The school-
rooms having become too crowded, he undertook, in 1883, the
erection of the two-story brick school-building on Ninth street,
adjoining the church, which was completed and furnished at a cost
of $7,300. In 1885 a Sisters' dwelling was built on the corner of
Tenth and Ferry streets, for $2,500. In July, 1887, the contract
for the completion of the tower and spire was awarded to John
Duerwaldt, who finished his work on the I2th of September fol-
lowing, aided by the sub-contractors, Theodore Wahl, masonry;
Campbell & Moore, tin work and slating; Joseph Biehn, iron work;
Nicholas Reiffers and Andrew Loges, painting. The spire, sur-
mounted by a beautiful gilt cross, rises to a height of 185 feet,
the whole improvement costing about $2,000.
Rev. Daniel Heile was succeeded in the pastorate by Rev.
Pious Niehaus, O. S. F., who came to LaFayette as assistant at
St. Boniface's and director of the Franciscan Sisters in August,
1886. He made various improvements in the church property and
had prepared the plans for the interior decoration of the church,
when, in the summer of 1 891, he was called to assume the direc-
tion of the Franciscan Sisters at Oldenburg, Ind. His successor
was Rev. Ubaldus Webersinke, O. S. F. Under him, in the fall
of 1890, the walls and ceilings were painted in a restful cream
color, which deepens as it nears the floor into a warm yellow tint,
and ends in a stone-colored border, relieved by Gothic ornaments.
The clustered pillars also show a stone color up to the capitals;
these are ornamented with floral designs, interspersed with gilt on
a deep red ground. The prevailing design is the passion flower,
branching out amid green foliage into the groined arches of the
ceiling, entwining the Gothic finials of the windows and relieving
the mellow tint of the walls. Rich gilding is intermingled with the
trailing leaves of green leaves. The sanctuary, the most promi-
nent part of the church, is treated specially and in the most artistic
manner. The ceiling here is a beautiful azure tint, imbedded with
gilt stars, the groins of the arch being richly ornamented. The
walls, to the height of about fifteen feet, show a tapestry pattern
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
inlaid with silver figures on a background of green. The side pan-
els above the drapery show the Sacred Hearts surrounded by
emblematic figures. In the spaces above the arches between the
pillars are the following emblems, done in exquisite coloring:
The cross, with other instruments of the Lord's passion; emblems
of the sacraments, such as the lamb, the pelican; the symbols of
the Evangelists; Faith, Hope, and Charity. The three Gothic
altars are resplendent in chaste white, richly inlaid with gold. The
floor of the sanctuary is covered with a choice velvet carpet. The
cost of the whole improvement amounted to about $3,000.
On Sunday, December 28th, 1890, the congregation solemnly
celebrated the twenty-fifth anniversary, or silver jubilee, of the
dedication of the present church. The Franciscan provincial.
Father Jerome Kilgestein, of Cincinnati, celebrated solemn high
mass, assisted by Rev. Ubaldus Webersinke, O. S. F. , Rev. J. H.
Guendling and Rev. Rudolph Bonner, O. S. F. The sermon was
delivered by Father Pius Niehaus, O. S. F. , and was explanatory
of the emblems employed in the decoration. The choir, assisted
by a full orchestra, rendered Schubert's Mass. At the offertory an
envelope collection was taken up, which resulted in $825.
In 1892 Rev. Hilary Hoelscher, O. S. F., succeeded Father
Ubaldus. In 1894 he replaced the former wmdows b}' a series of
fine artistic glass paintings, their subjects being as follows: On
the Gospel side: i. St. John the Baptist, donated by John Wag-
ner, Sr. ; 2. St. Ann, Guardian Angel, donated by the Children's
Guardian Angel society; 3. The Holy Family, donated by Leopold
Niermann; 4. SS. Peter and Paul, donated by the Knights of St.
Paul; 5. The Prodigal Son, donated by St. Boniface's congrega-
tion. On the Epistle side: i. St. Elizabeth, in memory of Mrs.
Elizabeth \\'agner, deceased; 2. St. Veronica and St. Vincent de
Paul, donated by Joseph Kress; 3. Presentation of the Blessed
Virgin, donated by Gerard Moenning; 4. SS. Cecilia and Boni-
face of the Blessed Virgin, donated by St. Boniface's Men's soci-
ety; 5. The Good Shepherd, donated by St. Joseph's society.
Other improvements made during the pastorate of Father
Hilary Hoelscher are: Two exquisite statues of the Immaculate
Conception and St. Joseph, for the side altars, the gift of the
{my
IN THli STATE OF INDIANA.
Misses Wagner, wIk. selected them during their trip through
Europe in Mayer's Art institute, Munich; two new confessionals, of
carved oak, with gilt ornamentation (1895); ^^ new communion
railing, with richly gilt emblems and marble top ( 1896).
Father Hilary Hoelscher was succeeded by the present pastor.
Rev. Lucas Gottbehoede, O. S. F. , on August 11, 1897. He was
born January 22d, 1837, at Damme, grand duchy of Oldenburg,
Germany. When nineteen years of age he came to America, and
having decided to devote his life to the church, entered the Fran-
ciscan college at Cincinnati, where he completed his education in the
classics and theology. On November 7, 1862, he was ordained
priest by Archbishop Purcell. Thenceforth he was successfully
engaged in his sacred calling in Louisville, Ky. , Hamilton, O. , and
Cincinnati, O. In 1879 he was elected provincial of the Francis-
cans. At the conclusion of his first term in this responsible office
he was re-elected for a second term. This he served out, and,
declining a further election, took charge as superior of a western
missionary district comprising thirteen congregations, with head-
quarters at Emporia, Kans. After three years of arduous mission-
ary duty, he joined the first American pilgrimage to the Holy
Land, visiting the places made sacred by the Savior's presence.
After his return he was appointed guardian of the convent of the
Holy Family, at Oldenburg, Ind. His ne.xt charge was St. Boni-
face's church, Louisville, Ky., where he was well known and
beloved by old and young. There he labored for the welfare
of his congregation until, after over five years of a most successful
ministry, he was called to take charge of St. Boniface's church,
LaFayette, Ind. His administrative talent has already shown
gratifying results, and will, no doubt, advance the material and
spiritual progress of the congregation.
St. Ann's Church. — St. Ann's congregation dates its organiza-
tion back to 1870. At that time Father Hamilton, seeing that the
Catholics in the southern part of the city, many of whom were
aged and feeble, lived at a too great distance from their parish
church, built St. Ann's chapel, on the corner of Wabash avenue
and Smith street, at a cost of $5,000. It is a two-story brick
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
building arranged for church and school purposes, and services
have been held there since then every Sunday by one of the
Fathers at St. Mary's.
In September, 1884, when Father Walters was rector of St.
Mary's church, he advised Bishop Dwenger to erect St. Ann's into
a separate and distinct parish, which was done. Father John
Denipsev was appointed its first resident pastor, and at onc^
directed all his energies to place it on a permanent basis. He
built a well appointed pastoral residence, and was just entering
upon the work of preparing for the building of a new church when
he was ser t to Valparaiso, Ind., to take the place of the deceased
pastor of that city.
He was succeeded by the Rev. P. F. Roche, the present pas-
tor, who continues the work done by his predecessor. Under his
fostering care the congregation thrived beyond all expectations.
Success, however, was no signal for a rest from labor for Father
Roche. So he faithfully continued on, striving each day to
accomplish additional good. He met with discouragements, for
his field was narrowed rather than broadened by circumstances
beyond his control. At one time the part of the city in which his
charge is located was a busy territory, alive with labor, noisy with
the buzz of machinery and the signal blasts of whistles of prosper-
ous factories. But this all changed, and to-day, due to various
conditions, the First ward is all but deserted by manufacturing
industries, and many families have sought residence elsewhere.
Despite these encouragements, and although the congregation
at present numbers only about 140 families, it was decided to build
a new church, the ground for which had been bought about seven
years ago. A meeting of the principal members of the church
was held, and the enthusiasm was so great that steps were at
once taken to secure suitable plans for a fitting edifice. Work
was begun on the structure in May, 1896, and before the close of
the year the foundation was completed. Here a cessation of oper-
ations was necessary, as available funds had been exhausted, and
Father Roche cared not to create a burdening debt. The means
secured had been by voluntary contributions and receipts from
entertainments planned by the ladies of the congregation. Dur-
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
ing the spring and summer of this year the building fund was some-
what reimbursed, and in the latter part of July work was resumed
and continued until the new structure was finished.
The church is built of brick and stone, 115x60 feet, with a
seating capacity of about 500. On the northeast corner rises a
tower of I 10 feet in height, in which on the first t^oor will be
located the baptistrj'. The entrance to the auditorium is through
a double arch in the center of the building. The structure cost
about $20,000; for the building proper, $16,000, and for its fur-
nishings $4,000.
On Sunday, September 12, 1897, the corner-stone was placed
in position with elaborate ceremonies by the Rt. Rev. Bishop Rad-
emacher, of Fort Wayne, assisted by a number of clergy of
LaFayette and from abroad. Catholic societies and delegations
from Peru, Logansport, Delphi, Attica, Danville, Muncie, Tipton,
Kpkomo, Rankin and Indianapolis formed into a grand parade
at 2 p. M. and marched to the site of the new building, where at
least 3,000 persons gathered to witness the ceremonies. After
laying the corner-stone, the right reverend bishop addressed the
people, and congratulated them on the success they had so far
achieved. He dwelt eloquently on the benefits that would accrue
to them and their children in their new house of worship, and
encouraged them to persevere in the faith.
Rev. P. F. Roche, the pastor of St. Ann's, is a native of New
York, and was born in Rochester in 1852. At an early age he
removed with his parents to Scranton, Pa., and from that city he
went to attend school at St. Charles' college, near Baltimore.
Here he finished his classics, after which he pursued his course of
philosophy and theology in the Franciscan seminary, Allegany, N.
Y. Having become a subject of the Fort Wayne diocese, he was
ordained to the priesthood in that city by Rt. Rev. Bishop Dwen-
■ger in 1881. His first ministerial duties were performed in Fort
Wayne, in which city he remained about six months. He was
then transferred to LaFayette, serving here as an assistant to Rt.
Rev. Joseph Rademacher, then pastor of vSt. Mary's church. His
first appointment as a pastor was over the parish at LaGro, from
-which place he came again to this city to assume charge of St.
21 ~Wb)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
Ann's, where his devoted congregation hopes he will remain for
many years to come.
St. Lawrence's Chapel and School. — The growth of LaFayette
made necessary the foundation of a new parish composed of Cath-
olic families, English and German, living in the northeastern part
of the city. At the suggestion of the Right Rev. Bishop Rade-
macher, the needs of the district were carefully examined with the
result that he charged the Franciscan Fathers, established in La-
Fayette since 1866, with the ministry in the new congregation.
Accordingly the Franciscan provincial. Very Rev. Peter B. Englert,
looked over the grounds, and on the 19th of November, 1895,
selected a valuable piece of property, consisting of nine lots, 275 x
412 feet, well located and fronting on two streets, as the site of
the future parish buildings. The deed was conveyed to the right
reverend bishop on January 17th, 1896. Rev. Father Mathias
Sasse, O. S. F., of St. Boniface's church, was commissioned to
superintend the erection of a substantial building, which was to
serve as chapel, school and residence, until such a time as the
congregation should be able to build a large and handsome church.
Ground was broken for the new building on April 6th, and the
work progressed favorably during the summer and fall. The
building rises on a stone foundation, two stories of brick, the lower
containing a spacious entrance hall and three large school-rooms,
the upper the well appointed chapel, entrance to which is from the
west front. The south wing contains one more large school-room
and a well appointed residence with separate entrance. The
dimensions of the whole building are ninety by eighty feet.
Including pews, school and house furniture, etc., the cost amounts
to about $20,000.
On Sunday, November 8, 1896. the Rt. Rev. Bishop Rade-
macher solemnly blessed the building, dedicating it to the glorious
martyr St. Lawrence. The Very Rev. Provincial Peter B. Eng-
lert celebrated a solemn high mass, and Rev. Father Chrysostem
Theobald, O. S. F. , of Cincinnati, Ohio, eloquently addressed the
audience in English and German. A feature of the da}' was a
grand parade of visiting and local societies, which formed at 2 r.
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
M. and assisted at vespers, when the right reverend bishop deliv-
ered a most interesting and eloquent discourse.
On the day of dedication the Rev. Father Theodore Stephan
was appointed pastor of the new congregation; but owing to ill
health he was compelled to resign the charge after a few weeks,
and in December Rev. Richard Wurth, O. S. F., succeeded him.
Under his efficient management the parish prospers visibly.
The chapel was furnished with various requisites, the sanctuary
tastefully ornamented and many improvements made — all in the
course of a few months. In September, 1897, a suitable parochial
residence was finished, so as to enable the Sisters of St. Francis,,
who have charge of the school, to dwell in the residence portion
of the chapel building, as was originally intended. The prospects
are encouraging, and if no untoward circum tances interfere, the
new parish will be a prosperous and numerous one.
LAGRO, WABASH COUNTY.
St. Patrick's Parish. — In 1837 the Wabash and Erie canal
was opened for general traffic, the little village of LaGro became
the chief emporium for wheat, corn and other crops, and the place
with its surrounding country became an attraction for many fam-
ilies from the east, of whom quite a number were Catholics.
Their spiritual wants called upon the attention of several
missionary priests; and although no church records had been pre-
served in LaGro before the year 1846, ne\ertheless the place had
been visited occasionally by some pioneer priests — mostl}- French
— at least during the ten preceding years.
With the year of 1846 opens the list of the clergymen that
had charge of LaGro for the fifty-two years following, viz: to
1898. First, in 1846. came Rev. Patrick McDermott, who in all
probabilit}' erected the first little frame church which was in later
years enlarged and used for school purposes; 1847, Rev. Michael
C. O'Flannigan; from 1847 to 1865, Rev. John Ryan, who built
an addition to the little frame church in 1861 and supplied it with
a bell, still in use; from January, 1866, to September, Rev. Ber-
nard Kroeger, now pastor of St. Bridget's, Logansport. attended
LaGro from Peru; in 1866 and 1867, Rev. Joseph A. \\'inter offici-
"(347)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
ated; in 1867-68. Rev. George Steiner, who opened the first school
in a frame house; from August, 1868, until September, 1873, Rev.
(now Very Rev.) Matthew E. Campion, at present pastor of St.
Vincent's, Logansport, was in charge of LaGro and erected the
present beautiful brick church, 126x60 feet in size, at a cost of
$20,000; from October, 1873, until March, 1882, the pastor was
the Rev. John Grogan, who at present is in St. Joseph's hospital,
Denver, Colo.; from August, 1882, until November, 1883, the
pastor was Michael F. Kelly, who died in St. Elizabeth's hospital
at LaFayette; from 1884 to 1887 Rev. Patrick F. Roche, now
pastor of St. Ann's, LaFayette, was in charge; from August until
October, 1887, Rev. Adam Buchheit. now pastor at Wanatah,
attended LaGro from Huntington; from November, 1887, until
December, 1890, Rey. Anthony Kroeger was the pastor, and
re-opened the school in the old frame church and engaged Sisters
of St. Francis in LaFayette as teachers, and also built the pres-
ent little brick church in Andrews, which place has since been
attached to LaGro as a mission; then followed, in January, 1891,
to July, Rev. Jerry Quinlan; July, 1891. to August, Rev. John
Tremmel; September, 1891, to July, 1894, Rev. Julius Becker;
July, 1894, to November, 1895, Rev. G. M. Kelly; from Novem-
ber, 1895, to December, Rev. J. H. Bathe, at present chancelor
and secretary of the bishop, attended LaGro from Wabash;
from December, 1895, to January, 1898, Rev. Michael Hanly
held the pastorate, and in January, 1898, came the Rev. Peter
Quinn, the present pastor.
By the abandonment of the use of the Wabash and Erie canal
ior commercial purposes, LaGro lost her traffic. The new rail-
road, built along the Wabash in 1856 and 1857, brought new
places into existence, which drew a good many people away
from LaGro to Fort Wayne, Huntington, Wabash, Peru, Logans-
port, Delphi and LaFayette. Many farmer children preferred city
life to the hard labors in the field; old people sold their places;
others died and their farms passed into the hands of non-Cath-
olics. All this accounts for the decrease of the parish from over
120 to about sixty families. The following comparison of the
church records of 1870, when LaGro was in a most flourishing
(348r
IN THE STATE Ol' INDIANA.
condition, with those of 1897, may illustrate the decrease: There
were baptisms, in 1S70, thirty-five; in 1897, seven; marriages, in
1870, fourteen; in 1897, none; deaths, in 1870, eighteen; in 1S97,
four. The present pastor is a very able priest and ranks in energy
with the best of his predecessors. The congregation has no debts.
The necessary buildings are in good condition, and there is reason
enough for hopes of a return to its former flourishing condition as
soon as fresh induceme;its are given to workingmen to settle in
the village.
LAPORTE, LAPOKTE COUNTY.
St. Joseph's Congregation at Laporte was organized in 1859
by the late Father Scherer, who was succeeded by Father Koontz,
and he by Rev. S. Bartosz; Father Oechtering came in 1870, and
in 1880 was followed by Father Nussbaum, who here passed the
remainder of his days, dying in December, 1895; Rev. J. Becks
then officiated about six months, and July 9, 1896, Rev. Anthony
■Messmann, the present pastor, was placed in charge. At the
beginning, St. Joseph's congregation was very weakly, but it grad-
ually increased in strength and numbers, until, in 1870, it numbered
100 families or more, but for various causes, an exodus occurred
a few years later and at present it numbers about sixty-five fami-
lies, or 350 souls — all Germans. The church-edifice was erected
by Rev. M. Scherer, and is in size 40x75 feet, has a seating
capacity for 250 persons, with an addition of ten feet for the sanc-
tuar3^ The parochial residence, 30x40 feet, was erected by Father
Oechtering, is of brick, and the school-room, as also the church,
are brick buildings, and the valuation of the whole is probably
about $20,000. The school-roon], 30x40 feet in size, has a seat-
ing capacity for i 50, and is attended by about eighty pupils, who
are presided over by three Sisters of the Precious Blood, who have
labored for the little ones of the parish for two years with very sat-
isfactory results. May God be their great reward.
Sr. Peter's Church, at L^porte, under the pastorate of Rev.
George M. Schramm, is 80x40 feet in dimensions, has a seating
capacity for 500 persons, and is attended by about 100 families,
~(349)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
chieHy of Irish nativity. There is no school attached to the
church, but the children of the parish, who live sufficiently near
St. Rose's academy, attend that institution.
LAUD, WHITLEY COUNTY.
vSt. Catherine's Church, Washington township, Whitley county,
Ind., was organized as a mission from Areola, by Rev. Father
Vanderpoel. and in 1882 Rev. W. C. Miller, now of Oxford. Ind.,
became the first resident priest. In 1883. Rev. Miller was suc-
ceeded by Rev. F. J. Lambert, and he by Rev. Philip Guethoff,
who remained from 1884 until 1889, when Rev. E. Boccard was
placed in charge and officiated until 1895, when the present zealous
divine. Rev. Bruno Soengen, became pastor. The congregation
comprises thirty-six families, all German; the church property con-
sists of five acres, and the church-edifice is of brick, as is also the
priest's house. The school is attended by about forty-live pupils,
who are instructed by a lay teacher.
Rev. Bruno Soengen was born in Mentz, on the river Rhine.
Germany, in August, 1856, and is a son of John B. and Caroline
(Knehny) Soengen. the former of whom was a druggist. Rev.
Soengen was ordained in Triest. Austria. April 14. 1879, by Bishop
John Haller. now a cardinal. Father Soengen officiated in his holy
calling in Austria until 1884, and was then a missionary to the
East Indies until 1895, when he came to the United States, united
with the diocese of Fort Wayne, and was appointed as an assistant
to Rev. J. H. Hueser, at Huntington. Ind., where he remained
until December, 1895, when he was appointed to his present
charge of St. Catherine's. His zealous labors here have been
rewarded with excellent results, and have been well and faithfully
performed, as he has spared no pains in improving the condition
of his flock in all respects.
St. Joseph's Church, at Roanoke, a mission of St. Catherine's,
was organized by Father Miller, has a congregation of twenty fam-
ilies, of mixed Irish and German nationalities, and is under the
immediate care of Father Soengen. The church edifices at both
places (Roanoke and Nix Settlement, St. Catherine) were erected
(350)
IN THE STATK OF INDIANA.
by Protestant congregations, but were purchased b\ the Catholics
for their own use, at a moderate cost.
LAWRENCKBURG, DEARBORN COUNTY.
The CathoHc Congregation of I.awrenceburg was organized in
1840, and consisted at that time of about fifteen families, among
w^hich George Huschart, Peter Werst. Michael Lang, Anthony
Schwarz, John Kimmel, Jacob Meier and Louis Crusart were
prominent.
Divine services were first held in that part of Lawrenceburg
generally known as Newtown, in a house rented for that purpose,
then in the house of George Huschart, and at times, also, in that
of Michael Lang.
The corner-stone of the first church, a stone structure, 60x40
feet, was laid in 1841 on the west side of Walnut street, one square
south of the present church, but the building was not completed
until 1847, when it was dedicated to divine service. Lawrence-
burg was attended by priests of neighboring congregations until
1866.
Rev. Jos. Ferneding, of New Alsace, visited the place from
1840 to 1841; Rev. F. O'Rourke, of Dover (Kelso township),
from 1 84 1 to 1844, when he returned to Ireland; Rev. Andrew
Bennett, also from Dover, from 1844 to 1850; Rev. M. Stahl, of
New Alsace, during the first part of 1850; Rev. A. Carius, of
Madison, during the latter part of 1850; the Revs. Franciscan
Fathers G. Unterthiner, Sigismund and Anselm Koch, of Cin-
cinnati, Ohio, had charge from 1851 to 1859; Re\'. Ig. F. Klein,
of St. Nicholas, Pipe Creek, from 1859 to 1866. The congrega-
tion had greatly increased in numbers by this time, and Rev. L F.
Klein, seeing the necessity of building a new and more spacious
church, made preparations to do so. But wishing to build the
church in Newtown, where it would have been on much higher
ground and not in danger of floods, he met with a great deal of
opposition from those who lived in the old part of town, around
the church; the work was therefore discontinued.
On January 6, 1866, Rev. Clement Scheve became the first
resident pastor of Lawrenceburg. In the spring of 1866 Rev.
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
Scheve purchased of ^ Rudolf Walter outlot No. 51, on the east
side of Walnut street, and commenced the erection, of the present
beautiful St. Lawrence's church. The church is of brick,
120X 50 feet, with a large basement of stone, which was first used
for school purposes, but since has been converted into a chapel
and meeting-rooms for societies. The church was completed in
May, 1867, and on the' 2d day of June, the same year, was sol-
emnly dedicated to the service of Almighty God, by the Kt. Rev.
Maurice de St. Palais, bishop of Vincennes. After the solemn
blessing of the church, the right reverend bishop celebrated a sol-
emn pontifical high mass, assisted by Revs. Anthony Scheideler
and John P. Gillig as deacons of honor, and Revs. Roman Wein-
zoepfel and Frederic W. Pepersack, as deacon and subdeacon of
mass. Very Rev. Bede O'Connor, O. S. B. , chancelor of the
diocese, preached the English and Rev. Nicholas Wachter, O. S.
F., the German sermon. There were also present on the occasion
Revs. J. H. F. J. Duddenhausen, of Dover; Rev. Ignace Ivlein, of
Aurora; Rev. Theo. J. Antoni, of Napoleon, and the reverend
pastor of the church, Clement Scheve.
Father Scheve also built a pastor's residence in 1867, a
spacious brick building, consisting of basement and one story.
In 1869 the St. Lawrence's congregation donated to the
Franciscan Sisters of Oldenburg, Ind., a piece of ground adjoin-
ing the church, being part of outlot No. 51, on which the}'
erected a large three-story school-house of brick.
Rev. Scheve was born on October 4, 1828, in Luesche, Old-
enburg, emigrated to America in 1848, and was ordained March
19, 1859. Loss of health compelled him to resign his charge at
Lawrenceburg in August, 1870. He went to Minnesota, where he
died in the spring of 1875. Rev. Julius H. F. J. Duddenhausen
was appointed pastor of Lawrenceburg October 1, 1870, and
administered the temporalities and spiritualities of the congrega-
tion very successfully until May 15, 1875, when he was transferred
to Holy Trinity church, Evansville.
Rev. J. F. Sondcrmann, the present pastor, took charge May
15, 1875. He was born near Attendorn, Prussia, December 2,
1844, came to America, 1847. He began his studies at St. Mein-
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
rati, Spencer count}', Ind, in the fall of 1857, studied at \'in-
cennes from 1859, at St. Thonicis, Nelson county, Ky. . from
September, 1859, to July, i860, returned again to St. Meinrad in
the fall of i860 and completed his studies there in 1868 and was
ordained in the same place by the Rt. Rev. Maurice de St. Palais,
as follows: Tonsure and minor orders, September 18, 1865; sub-
deacon, June 17, 1867; deacon, June 21, 1867; priest, September
22, 1868. His first mission was Mount Vernon, Pose\' county,
Ind., of which he was first resident priest until May 15, 1874,
when he replaced Rev. Ferd Viefhaus, durinj^" his absence, at St.
Mary's church, Evansville, until October, 1874.
When Rev. Sondermann took charj^e of Mount Vernon the
congregation consisted of about forty families, many of whom were
negroes. There was a debt on the church of nearly $2,000, and
this was only a temporary church, very poorly furnished in every
way. During his stay there, an altar was donated by the school
brothers of Dayton, Ohio. A pipe organ and a cemetery of three
acres were purchased and paid for, also the old church debt was
paid off. In the summer of 1873 Mount Vernon suffered very
much by a cholera epidemic.
Rev. Sondermann next became pastor of St. Joseph's, \'ander-
burg county, from October 29, 1874, until May, 1875, when he
was transferred to Lawrenceburg.
The first parish school at Lawrenceburg was opened in 1844
in a room rented for that purpose. The first church was also used
for school purposes for some years; later a frame building was
erected. The school at present has an average attendance of over
200. The congregation numbers nearl}^ 300 families. Church
property is valued at $60,000.
The disastrous floods of 1883 and 1884 damaged the church
property to the extent of many thousand dollars, and also im-
poverished the people, who suffered great losses to their homes.
The floods necessitated the rebuilding of the pastor's residence and
adding another story to the same, at a cost of $3,000, putting new
floor into church, remodeling pews, repairing altars, confessional,
the fresco, and a new furnace and basement of the church (the
(808)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
water stood seven feet ten inches on the church floor in 1884 and
five feet in 1883).
The debt of the church May 15, 1875, ^^'^s $26,000; in
January, 1882, $22,000; in 1884, after the floods, $27,000, and
in 1898, $6,000.
The church was frescoed in 1880, a sixteen-stop (16 sets of
pipes) pipe orj^an was bought and paid for in 1894, and a new
beautiful main altar was donated to the church by Mrs. John B.
Garnier in May, 1898, costing $1,000.
Since the flood of 1884 the city of Lawrenceburg has been
secured against inundations by a good substantial levee, and has
not suffered since from high waters.
LEBANON, BOONE COUNTY.
St. Joachim's Church, at Lebanon, was organized by the rev-
erend clergy of LaFayette, Tippecanoe county, and by them was
attended as a mission until 1874, when Rev. Thomas Cahill came
here as first resident pastor and remained until May, 1875, when
he was consecutively succeeded in the pastorate by Rev. T. R3'an
until December, 1878; Rev. L. A. Moench, now of Plymouth,
Marshall county, until 1882; Rev. John Dempse}-, until October,
1884; Rev. D. J. Mulcahey, until November. 1885; Rev. M. F.
Kelly, until August, 1893, and then by the Rev. Henry A. Hell-
hake, who had charge until August, 1898, when he was succeeded
by Rev. William S. Hogan, from Logansport. The membership
of St. Joachim's comprises sixty families from the surrounding
rural districts and are English-speaking. The church property
comprises five lots, and the foundations of a new church, 40x80
feet, have already been laid. The missions attached to St. Joachim
include that of St. Rose of Lima, at Clark's Hill, Tippecanoe
county, which was organized by the clergy of St. Mary's, of
LaFayette, and attended by them until 1875, when it was trans-
ferred to the charge of St. Joachim; the church-building of this
mission is of frame, is 20x50 feet, and the membership numbers
fifteen families, chiefly English farming people; St. George's mission
at Colfax, which has about the same history as that of Clark's
IX THK STATK OF INDIANA.
Hill, has also an edifice 20 x 50 feet, and is attended by eight
families.
LEOPOI.I), PKKRY ("()^■N'I•^•.
St. Augustine's Church, at Leopold, was built by Rev. Aug.
Bessonies in 1843. and t e present edifice was be^un by Rev.
Philip Ducrou.x, who had charge of the parish from August until
December, 1866; the work of -erection was con inued by Rev. J.
L. Brassart and was concluded by Rev. Philip Doyle, whose pas-
torate extended from 1869 uiitil 1872, and the value of the church,
in 1880, when the population of the parish numbered but 100,
was placed at $12,000. The list of pastors who have had St.
Augustine's in charge from 184010 1882 is as follows: Rev. Julian
Benoit, from 1837 to 1840, who, it appears, resided at Derby;
Rev. Aug. Bessonies, from 1840 to February 20, 1853; Rev. John
P. Dion, until March 3, 1859; Rev. Clatus Urcun, until 1861; Rev.
J. P. Dion, until 1866; Rev. Philip Ducroux, from August to
December, 1866; Rev. John P. Dion, from December, 1866, to
July, 1867; Rev. J. L. Brassart, until March. 1869; Rev. Philip
Doyle, until January 4, 1872; Rev. J. B. Unverzagt, until July,
II, 1877; Rev. Hippolite Pierrard, until August, 1880; Rev. F.
M. Mousset, until April, 1882, and on September 16, 1882, Father
Brassart again returned.
Father Pierrard upon his arrival addresed a petition to the Ladies
of Perpetual Adoration, at Bruxelle, Belgium, for donations of vest-
ments, etc. These ladies showed the letter to King Leopold II,
who at once sent vestments and sacred vessels to the value of
$1,500, as a donation to Leopold, in Perry county.
Since the last-named date the succession has been as follows:
Rev. Brassart, September 16, 1882, until February i, 1895; Rev,
Joseph T. Semefeld, February i, 1895, to March 10, 1895; Rev. J.
Berger, February 10, 1895, to January i, 1896; Rev. C. P. Barm and
Rev. P. Hommes, alternately, from January i, 1896, to July 24.
1896, and Rev. J. F. Mattingly, July 24, 1896, to the present
time.
LIGONIER, NOBLE COUNTY.
St. Patrick's Church, at Ligonier, was organized, about i860,
by Rev. Father Schaefer, then resident priest at Avilla. who here
(355)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
built a small church and attended until ivS63, his congregation con-
sisting of fifteen families, mostly Irish. Later, the congregation
were ministered to by visiting clergymen from Goshen until 1866,
when Father Oechtering, of Avilla, attended about sixteen months,
when he was succeeded by Rev. D. Duehmig, who ministered to
the congregation until 1873, when it passed again under the clergy
of Goshen, who officiated until 1877. This year, I'^ather Duehmig
again took charge and greatly enlarged the church-building, or,
rather, rebuilt it, making it a neat frame of about 28 x 56 feet, and
ending his services in 1882, when the congregation was again placed
in charge of the clergy of Goshen, and so remained until Septem-
ber, 1897, when Rev. George Lauer became resident pastor. The
congregation now numbers twenty-five families, and Father Lauer
has, beside, charge of the Immaculate Conception mission at Ken-
dallville. Noble co\inty, and St. Henry's mission at Millersburg,
Elkhart county.
LOCAXSPORT, CASS COI'XTY.
St. Vincent De Paul Church. — During the two years preceding
1838 the members of the Catholic church in Logansport became
very numerous in consequence of the great influx of laborers
engaged in the construction of the Wabash & Erie canal through
this portion of the county, a large majority of whom were either
members of that church or from childhood had been reared under
the influence of its teachings, and were frequently visited by travel-
ing clergymen looking after the interests of the church in new and
uncultivated fields, and who, mingling with this people, exerted an
influence in favor of establishing a place of worship where their
ancient faith might be renewed at stated intervals in coming years.
The first work of this character, so far as is now disclosed by the
records extant, was performed by Rev. John Claudius Francis
(or Francois, as it was then written), who, about the beginning of
the year 1838. purchased of Harvey Heth and wife a tract of five
acres in the northwest corner of lot No. 2, of the subdivision of
three sections of land reserved to the children of Joseph Barron by
the treaty with the Pottawattomies in October, 1826, the convey-
ance bearing date February 27 of the first-named year. Subse-
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA,
quently, within that and the following \-ear, other purchases were
made by him from the same parties and immediately adjoining the
first-named tract, making in the aggregate twenty and thirteen-hun-
dredths acres. On the tract lirst purchased, and a few rods south-
ward of the south bank of the canal, he erected a small frame
building, a story and a half high, suited to the purposes of a resi-
dence and a temporary place of meeting for the members of his
fiock, prior to the erection of a more permanent church-edifice.
In this unpretentious domicilian retreat, away from the bustle of
the outside world, this venerable father frequently, in that early
day, celebrated mass, and otherwise administered to the spiritual
wants of his congregation. For nearly a quarter of a century
afterward the building was popularly known as the "priest's
house.
Shortly after the consummation of the work just noticed. Father
Francis eet himself about the further work of erecting a small, but
sufficiently large, stone church on Duret street, and a little to the
westward from Ivnowlton & Dolan's machine shops, and this suf-
ficed to meet the wants of his congregation for many years. This
church was first used some time in the year 1839, and continued
to be so used until the summer of i860, when the increased mem-
bership made the construction of a church-house of greatly
enlarged proportions a necessity. The new building was put under
contract under the supervision of Father Hamilton, and the work
so far progressed that in August, i860, the corner-stone was laid
with appropriate ceremonies. About one year from the date the
stately edifice near the southwest corner of Ninth and Spencer
streets was dedicated to the worship of God, in due form.
Since the dedication of the new church the old one is no
longer used for the purposes of its original construction. The pro-
jection of the new building, and its subse juent completion, are
chiefly due to the untiring energy and zealous labor of Rev. Geo.
A. Hamilton, deceased. Other extensive and much needed
improvements were made afterward, in the erection and comple-
tion of a substantial and comfortable brick pastoral residence
immediately east of and adjacent to the church.
The following priests have officiated as pastors of the congre-
(3o7)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
gation worshiping in this church since the date of organizing:
Rev. Father Francis, from 1839 to 1841; Father Martin, 1841 to
1844; Rev. Michael Clark, in 1844; Rev. Maurice de St. Palais, in
1845; Rev. F. Fischer, from 1846 to 1848; Rev. P. Murphy, from
1848 to 1850; Rev. Patrick McDermott, in 1850; Rev. F. O'Con-
nell, in 1852; Rev. Fr. A. Carius, from 1852 to 1855; Rev. Will-
iam Doyle, from 1855 to 1857; Rev. Charles Zucker, from May,
1857, to August, 1859; Rev. George A. Hamilton, from August,
1859, to January, 1864; Rev. Bernard J. Force, from January,
1864, to April, 1868; Rev. M. E. Campion from April, 1868, to
January, 1869; Rev. F. Mayer, from January, 1869, to July, 1871;
Rev. Fr. Lawler, from July, 1871, to May, 1878; Rev. E. P.
Waters, from May, 1878, to June, 1883, and Very Rev. M. E.
Campion, from June, 1883, to the present time. Of those early
priests, Father Martin was afterward a bishop in the south, and
Father de St. Palais was afterward bishop of Vincennes. Father de
St. Palais' connection with the pastorate in Logansport is a his-
torical incident worthy of especial mention.
On the occasion of his visit to Paris, in 1845, he was presented
with a bell to be placed in his church at Logansport. It was of
excellent tone, unique in design and of superior workmanship, the
metal of which it was composed containing an unusually large pro-
portion of silver, made, so it was said, under the especial super-
vision of the donor and for the proper use of the church of St.
Vincent de Paul, in Logansport. In due time it was received here
and put in its place with the most solemn ceremony. When the
old church ceased to be used for its original and legitimate purpose,
this souvenir bell was transferred to and now occupies a position in
state, in the new St. Vincent's boys' school-building. The new
church is now entirely out of debt, Father Campion, during his
present administration, having removed the last vestige. The
whole church property is valued at not less than $75,000. and
about 300 families now compose the membership.
St. Joseph's Church, at Logansport, is an offshoot from St.
Vincent de Paul, a considerable proportion of its original member-
ship coming from that congregation. The first building of brick,.
IN THE STATE Ol' INDIANA.
on Second street, near Market street, was erected some time in the
the latter part of 1869, and mass was first celebrated it in \)y the
first pastor, Rev. Jacob Meyer, on the 2d of F'ebruary, 1870.
Father Meyer was succeeded by Rev. Von Schwedeler, who in turn
was succeeded by Father Widau, and he by Father Meili. The
present pastor, the Rev. Henry Koehne, assumed charj^e August
24, 1872. There were about sixty families in the congregation
when Father Koehne came, and about $6,000 of debts. These
debts were paid off in about two years under his careful manage-
ment. Subsequently, other and valuable improvements were made.
The school was originally small, and secular teachers were placed
in charge. In September, 1877, the Sisters of Notre Dame came
from Milwaukee, Wis., and took charge of the school, after which
time it continued to prosper until there was not room enough to
accommodate all the children who desired to attend, and a new
school-building became a necessity, and of this further mention
will be made in a future paragraph.
In 1885 a new church on Market street, near Second street,
was put under contract, and was dedicated in 1888, its cost being
about $65,000, all of which has long since been paid in full. The
dimensions of this new building are 165 by 63 feet; the seating
capacity is adequate for 1,000 persons, and the interior is elegantly,
if not gorgeously, decorated, while the exterior is chaste in archi-
tectural finish, and the tall spire, surmounted by a magnificent
cross of gold, is the cynosure of all eyes, even at a great distance.
About 700,000 brick were used in the construction of this vast tem-
ple of God, and it may be said that to Father Koehne is due the
credit of originating and carrying through to completion this gigan-
tic enterprise, but it must be added that the congregation of that
day greatly encouraged him in the task.
In January, 1892, the new parochial school, east of the church
and facing on Second street, was completed at a cost of $25,000.
This building is 60x80 feet, is of brick, three stories high, with a
basement, contains six class-rooms, a chapel, two music rooms and
a reception room, beside the magnificent hall on the third floor,
which contains a stage 26x22 feet and the auditorium with a seat-
ing capacity for 600 persons. The entire building is heated by
■ ~(359>.
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
natural gas, and the plumbing and gas work comprise over 2,000
feet of pipe. The present school enrolment is about 300, the
pupils being under the superintendence of ten Sisters of Notre
Dame, from Milwaukee, Wis., ^vho carry the pupils up to the
eighth grade, keeping fully abreast withthe curriculum of the pub-
lic schools, all under the charge of the Venerable Aloysia Gonzaga.
The school ground is ample and its value is estimated at
$1,500. The school itself, with appurtenances, is at present worth
$25,000, and the old school has been remodeled into a dwelling for
the teachers, at a cost of $1,000.
The present reverend director of the school is Rev. H. Kcehne.
St. Bridget's Church, of Logansport, is also an outgrowth of
St. Vincent de Paul, the extensive membership of that church and
the inconvenience of attending, by reason of the distance, of those
living in the western portion of the city, making the question of
building another church in that portion one of ready solution when
the matter came up for deliberation and determination. In the
early part of 1875, in order to carry out this design, the Right Rev.
Bishop Dwenger, of the diocese of Fort Wayne, purchased from
Judge Dykeman the entire square bounded by Wheatland street.
Linden avenue, Wilkinson and Heath streets, at a cost of $5,000.
The labor incident to the building of the church-edifice devolved
chiefly upon Rev. Bernard Kroeger, who, with a ^eal worthy the
motive which impelled him forward, wrought diligently and ear-
nestly. The building was put under contract early in the year
1875, and in August following was fully completed and ready for
occupancy, when, on the i 5th of that month, it was formally dedi-
cated to the worship of God according to the forms of the Roman
Catholic church. This elegant edifice was built at a cost of about
$11,000 or $12,000, while the cost of the lot ($5,000) made the
total cost of the property, up to that time, $16,000 or $17,000.
But since then a school-building has been erected, a fine parsonage,
in 1892, at a cost of $5,000, and, later, a hall, 36x74 feet, for the
use of societies, church festivals and entertainments, thus adding
to the original cost. The grounds are handsomely laid out, with
iS60)
IN THE STATli Ol' INDIANA.
cement walks, shaded by a luxuriant j^rowth of trees, and are the
admiration of all beholders.
The school is in charge of four Sisters of St. Joseph, of Tip-
ton, who teach the English branches only to about lOO pupils.
Many Protestant children attend this school, the fee being fifty
cents per month, but many of the poorer children are taught gratis.
Father Kroeger has indeed worked untiringly and zealously in pro-
moting the welfare of. his congregation, and has succeeded in can-
celing a debt of nearly $16,000 incurred by his early parishioners
and their successors in bringing to completion this noble church-
edifice and its accessories. The present congregation of St.
Bridget's numbers about 100 families, who, though not wealthy,
never fail to respond to their beloved pastor's call for material aid
when required.
LOOGOOTEE, MARTIN COUNTY.
St. John's Church, at Loogootee. — Loogootee itself is a new
town and the church here did not })recede it. It dates its growth
from the building of the O. & M. railroad, and this is a milestone,
as it were, marking the change in commerce from the old to the
new, for previous to the building of the O. & M. railroad, the adja-
cent town, Mt. Pleasant, on White river, was the great shipping
point and the means of transfer was by flat boats, while now it is
by railroad from Loogootee. Judge Thomas Gootee was the
founder of this city. He owned part of the land on which it was
originally situated, and William Grays owned the west half of the
site. Before 1857 it was little but a dreary swamp. In 1853 the
O. & M. road was commenced and completed in 1857 at Loogoo-
tee. So as the old kind of commerce passed away the old shipping
town, Mt. Pleasant, also passed away and Loogootee, immediatel)^
on the railroad, grew and prospered. A few frame buildings were
first erected. In 1857 a two-story store room was built for and
occupied by Gampbell &Breen, and in the upper floor of this mass
was first celebrated. Later it was offered up in another frame
building across the street. This was owned by a Mr. Gootee. A
new number of the railroaders were among the first members of the
parish, but some were added to it from St. Mary's and St. Peter's,
22
(361)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
while others removed from St. Martin's. It also received a few
valuable additions in the way of business men, who saw the impor-
tance of the place as a trading point. Of these men, Campbell &
Breen came from Washington, and Patrick Larkin and the O'Briens
from Mt. Pleasant. Rev. Father John Mougin organized the new
congregation and built the new church. Fr. Mougin kept his
books in good order and few material facts necessary in a history
of the parish are omitted. The books are dated October, 1859.
The corner-stone was laid in April, i860, and one feature of the
day was the presence of the Jasper band. The church had been so
far completed by the next year that a mission was given in it by
Father Damen. At this time it was without floor or pews, and it
is now amusing to hear those who were present tell of that mission,
and the way in which boards, boxes and blocks were utilized in
arranging temporary seats for the crowds that gathered.
Rev. John Mougin, who at first only visited from St. Mary's,
now came to Loogootee and from here visited St. Mary's and St.
Martin's. During i860 and 1861, G. M. Ginnsz, then a student
for the priesthood, spent his vacation with Father Mougin and
interested himself in planting some young trees. Later he became
pastor of the church, and these trees were there to shelter him.
The work on the church was continued after the mission of 1861,
and in January, 1863, the debt of the church was $750. Announc-
ing this to the congregation. Father Mougin proposed to pay $300
of the debt if the congregation would pay the remaining $450.
They took him at his word, and very soon the total debt was can-
celed. It was he that provided the first school-room for the par-
ish and brought the Sisters here. Rev. Father Mougin left in
1864, and was succeeded by Rev. L. Gueguen, who purchased the
land for and established a cemetery. In 1866 he built the present
substantial two-story brick residence.
In the summer of 1869, a member of the parish, James
Farrell, died, and soon after his wife followed him to the grave.
They bequeathed $6, 200 to St. John's, and this magnificent sum
put the congregation in an excellent financial condition, at least,
when it was finally gotten possession of, but there was some delay
(362)
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
to St. John's church, and there being no such corporation or indi-
vidual, the executors could not pay the money over promptly.
The matter was taken into court, and after an expenditure of
about $1,500 Father Gueguen finally secured the appointment of a
trustee in whom the property could be vested for the use of the
congregation. A new church was needed, and this generous gift
enabled the building of one without much delay. The lots on
which the present church stands were a part of the gift.
The corner-stone of the first church at Loogootee was laid by
Bishop de St. Palais, and a grand sermon was preached by the elo-
quent divine, P. Bede O'Connor. There was a great gathering,
and it was a gala day. The corner-stone of the present church
was laid in 1880 by Rt. Rev. Bishop Chatard. He also preached
the sermon. Excursion trains were run on the O. & ^f. from both
east and west, and Loogootee saw again the great crowd and the
gala day of i860. Only a few priests had the staying qualities of
Father Gueguen, who for twenty-one years was the pastor. He
saw many changes in that time, yet changed little himself in his
quiet methods of building up the parish.
The altar in the present church is a pretty Gothic one, cost
$500, and was donated by Mrs. James J. Campbell, now of New-
port, Kentucky. Rev. Father Ginnsz gave the new church several
finishing touches, such as stone steps and new pews, costing $500,
two bells, one of which weighs 1,200 pounds and the other 450
pounds, and new fences have been put around the premises. These
are minor matters, compared with Father Ginnsz's really great
work while stationed here, which was the building of the substan-
tial and pretty two-story brick school-house. It has three large
school-rooms, handsomely furnished, and a large hall overhead,
that is used for fairs, concerts, school entertainments, and as a
meeting place for the parish societies. Branch No. 6^, Catholic
Knights of America, was organized here May 24, 1879, and in 1887
Rev. Father Ginnsz organized a total abstinence society, but it
did not last long. He was succeeded practically by Rev. Timothy
O'Donaghue, although for a few months before Rev. O'Donaghue
took charge Rev. W. H. Slavin and Rev, Fitzpatrick attended.
(363)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
LOWELL, LAKL COir.NTY.
Lowell Parish, in Lake county, is a mission attached to St.
Augustine's church, of Rensselaer, Jasper county. In 1865, divine
services were first held in Lowell at the house of John Hack, a
leading Catholic of the village, and the second services were held
in 1868, at Sigler's hall, when Bishop Luers presided. At this
time the parish was full}- organized, and for a year or more wor-
shiped in a brick factory-building. In 1871 the erection of a frame
church-edifice was begun, but this was not finished until 1882, at
a cost of $1,000. For two years after the church was closed in,
services were held therein once a month, and then, for three years,
there was no service held at all. After this, the congregation
being re-organized and placed on a sounder basis, it was able to
support services once a month, and this practice was continued
until January, 1882, when arrangements were made for services to
be held each fortnight. Rev. Father Ganser ofificiating.
MADISON, JEFFERSON COUNTY.
St. Mary's (German Catholic) Church, at Madison, was
founded about 1850, and for its history the publishers of this work
are indebted for the following information, up to 1 881, to a volume
published by the Rev. H. Alerding, in 1883.
Although the German element of the Catholic population of
Madison and vicinity was considerable from the beginning, yet it
was not deemed opportune to have a separate church until 1850.
In the early times Rev. Joseph Ferneding, Rev. Charles Opper-
mann, Rev. Alphonse Munschina, and others, visited Madison from
time to time to administer the sacraments to those German Cath-
olics who were unable to speak the English language. On August
2, 1848, Rev. Father Joseph Fischer was sent to administer to the
German portion of St. Michael's congregation, and in January,
1850, the Rev. Anthony Carius came to Madison and immediately
made preparations for the building of a church for the Germans.
In the same year the lot was bought, and the foundation and cor-
ner-stone laid. In 185 I the walls were built and the church put
under roof. St. Mary's congregation is much indebted to the Rev.
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
Joseph Kundeck, who was temporarily located in Madison. By
his prudence and energy, he assisted materially in organising the
congregation, creating peace and harmony among the discontented
and soliciting subscriptions for the new church.
To form a new congregation and build a church is always an
arduous undertaking, but here it seemed to be particularly so. It
was a continuous struggle for six years. The following priests had
charge of St. Mary's congregation during this period: Rev.
Anthony ('arius from January, 1850, to March. 1852; Rev. Joseph
Kundeck, in 1850; Rev. Charles Schafroth, from April, 1852, to
April, 1853; Rev. Bede O'Connor, (). S. B.,from May to July,
1853; Rev. Edward Martinovic, from July, 1853, to May, 1855;
Rev. Anthony Carius again from May, 1855, to February, 1856.
The Rev. Leonard Brandt took charge of St. Mary's church
on the 6th of February, 1856. At his arrival the outlook afforded
little encouragement. The church was incumbered with a debt of
$6,000. The income was so trifling that not even the meager
salaries of the pastor and the teacher could be collected. Every-
thing in and about the church was in a forlorn condition. By the
energy of Father Brandt, however, things soon assumed a different
aspect. Aided by the more generous portion of the congregation,
he w^as soon enabled to replace the rickety wooden steps in front
of the church with substantial stone steps. A new altar and
statues were also procured. Vestments, chalises, and other church
utensils were purchased and donated by the various societies.
December i, 1858, the house west of the church was bought for a
parsonage. In i860 the steeple was built, and a beautiful chime
of bells placed in it. In 1864 a large organ was bought. March
6, 1865, a dwelling, situated immediately east of the church, and
better suited for a pastoral residence, was secured for $3,000.
The school-house, in the rear of the church, becoming too small
for the number of children in attendance, a large three-story brick
building near the church was purchased on September 13, 1865,
for the sum of $6,000 and fitted up for a school-house. November
20, 1867, fourteen acres of land, about one mile north of the
church, were bought for $2,000 for cemetery purposes. The
church, becoming too small, fifty feet were added to its length in
~{365)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
1869, and the interior of the church frescoed. In 1876 the con-
gregation deemed a better and more convenient school-house a
necessity. Preparations for it were made April 8, 1876, by the
purchase of a house and lot immediately west of the first pastoral
residence, for the sum of $2,500. This purchase furnished the
Sisters, who taught the girls of the congregation, a suitable dwell-
ing, and also sufftcient additional ground for the school. The old
pastoral residence was removed, and an imposing edifice, contain-
ing four large school-rooms and a large, well ventilated hall, was
completed in 1877, at a cost of $7,000. This school-house is an
ornament to the city, and the crowning act of Father Brandt's
great work at Madison. Father Brandt's labors were not wholly
confined to Madison. He had several missions to attend; one of
them was Indianapolis, which he attended on the third Sunday of
the month, and where he commenced the building of the present
St. Mary's church. We can barely realize all the hard work done
by the indefatigable Father Brandt; however, it is all recorded in
the Book of Life. After a lingering, painful illness. Father Brandt
departed this life on April 13, 1881, in the fifty-eighth year of his
age. He had the following priests for assistants: Rev. G. H.
Ostlangenberg, from May to November, 1861; Rev. Theodore
Antoni, from May to December, 1866; Rev. Francis Torbeck,
from February, 1878, to May, 1881. The latter had charge of
the congregation until Father Brandt's successor was appointed.
Father Brandt was ordained by Bishop de St. Palais, at Vincennes,
as follows: Tonsure and minor orders, December 13; subdeacon,
December 26; deacon, December 27, 1852; priest, January i,
1853. His first mission was St. John Baptist's German congrega-
tion at Vincennes. From there he came to Madison.
Very Rev. J. B. H. Seepe is the present efficient pastor of St.
Mar5''s, and his personal sketch will be found in Vol. II.
St. Michael's Church, at Madison, was founded m 1837, ^^e
first resident priest being the Rev. Michael Edgar Shawe,. who
came to assume his pastoral duties March 12. His first baptismal
record was July 30, and from November, 1837, to June, 1838, he
was assisted by Rev. J. F. Plunkett, but it was not until Decem-
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
ber 22, 1839, that the first St. Michael's church was dedicated to
the service of God, and to Father Shawe is due the credit of hav-
ing raised the funds to defray the cost of the erection of the build-
ing. Rev. Etienne Chartier succeeded Father Shawe in Novem-
ber, 1840, and remained until September, 1841, and after him
came Rev. Vincent Bacciuelin, who resided in Madison from Jan-
uary to April, 1842, and, following him, Rev. F. Miller remained
from May to November, 1842.
The Rev. Julian Delaune took charge of St. Michael's church
on the loth of August, 1843, and resided at Madison until June,
1846. To this zealous priest the Catholics of Madison owe a debt
of gratitude for his untiring endeavors to establish Catholic schools.
He opened his school September 26, 1843, at first, for want of
better accommodations, in the church, and afterward in the base-
ment of the church, which had been fitted up for that purpose.
The school was in charge of the Brothers of St. Joseph. In the
following year Father Delaune engaged the Sisters of Providence
to take charge of his school. They came to Madison on the 27th
day of August, 1844, and opened their school on Broadway and
Third streets, where they remained until 1868. In that year they
purchased their prop erty on Second and Mulberry streets (the
Academy of the Holy Angels), afterward sold and is now the Madi-
son Hotel, the Sisters returning to Broadway and Third streets.
Before his advent in Madison Father Delaune had charge of St.
Patrick's, St. Peter's and St. Mary's, in Daviess county. In June,
1846, leaving Madison, he became president of St. Mary's college,
in Louisville, and conducted it with ability and success for two
years. Encouraged by propositions that were made him he went
to Rochester, in the diocese of Buffalo, to assume the direction of
a new college in that city. But sickness soon compelled him to
suspend his functions. He was a native of France, and returning,
died in Paris, France, on May 4, 1849, aged about thirty-seven
years. He was a pious, active, zealous, devoted and charitable
priest, and a man of much energy of character and earnestness of
purpose.
After the short pastorate of Rev. Daniel Maloney, from July
to September, 1846, the Rev. Maurice de St. Palais was appointed
"(367)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
pastor of St. Michael's church in October, 1846. He was recalled
by his Bishop in December, 1847, ^o ^H ^^e important office of
vicar-^eneral and superior of the ecclesiastical seminary at Vin-
cennes. During his short stay this self-sacrificing priest did much
to promote the temporal and spiritual welfare of the congregation.
The Rev. Hippolyte Dupontavice was Father de St. Palais'
immediate successor. Under his long and auspicious administra-
tion of nearly twenty-seven years St. Michael's church visibly
flourished and spread. At North Madison, a suburb of Madison,
he built St. Patrick's church about 1854. The Catholics having
no cemetery of their own he purchased several acres of land near
North Madison and built on it a mortuary chapel. He was the
soul of every enterprise that tended to benefit religion; and being
of a noble and generous disposition he became endeared to the
hearts of all that came in contact with him. He was a native of
France and came to this country in 1839, being the first priest
ordained by Bishop de la Hailandiere on November 30 of the same
year. He labored in Illinois until it became separated from the
diocese of Vincennes, when he was sent to Washington, Daviess
county. He was called to his eternal reward on Ma\ 27, 1874,
aged sixty-four years.
The Rev. Joseph Petit succeeded Father Dupontavice. He
followed closely in the footsteps of his revered predecessor. By
his efforts the debts of St. Michael's church were considerably
reduced. To the great sorrow of his congregation. Father Petit,
in the prime of life, died on September 10, 1881. He was born at
Forbache, Loraine, March 19, 1834, and was educated at the
house of his uncle, a priest, entering the seminary at the age of
nineteen. At twenty-two he joined the Dominicans, and was with
Lacordaire, but after some time left on account of ill health and
spent a while at All Hallows, Dublin, after which he joined Bishop
Yunker, of Alton, 111., and was ordained by him. His first mission
was at St. Marie, a French village in Illinois. In 1864 he was
received into the diocese of Vincennes and became assistant at St.
John's church, Indianapolis, and later was pastor of St. Patrick's
church. Returning from a visit to France in 1869, he was again
at St. John's, and in 1873 built St. Joseph's church. He was
(368r
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
removed from St. Joseph's at his own option to St. Michael's,
Madison. The Rev. John Mougin was pastor of St. Michael's
church for ten months. Rev. Edward M. Faller took charge of
St. Michael's church on October 12, 1882, and of this reverend
gentleman a biographical sketch will be found on another page.
From July, 1885, Rev. I^ouis Gueguen held the pastorate of St.
Michael's until November, 1890, when he was transferred to the
cathedral at Vincennes.
The present pastor of St. Michael's is the Rev. M. L. Guth-
neck, of whose worthy labors here record is also made in another
part of these volumes.
MAKIAH IllIJ., SPENCER COUNTY.
Help of Christians Church. — The first mass was said in this
parish in 1857 in a frame church, on a day within the octave of
the festival of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin
Mary, by Rev. Father Ulrich Christen, O. S. B., from Ferdinand,
and on May 24, 1858, the first patron feast was celebrated;
Fathers Ulrich Christen, O. S. B. and Isidor Hobi, O. S. B., were
present. In i860, April 24, ihe town was laid out under the direc-
tion of Rev. Father Isidor Hobi, O. S. B., and in 1865, May 24, the
corner-stone of the present church v/as laid, by Father Isidor
Hobi ,0. S. B. ; Rev. Fintan Mundw.ler, O. S. B., preached the ser-
mon, and Rev. Fidelis Maute, O. S. B., from St. Meinrad, was pres-
ent as the attendant priest.
Father Ulrich Christen, O. S. B., was the attendant priest
from 1857 to September, 1858, from Ferdinand, then Father
Isidor Hobi, O. S. B., from October, 1858, to October, i860. In
1859 the site for the cemetery was selected.
The parish was in charge of Rev. Finten Mundwiler, O. S.
B. , from i860 to 1862. and there were about forty families in the
congregation. The next priest was Father Martin Marty, O. S.
B., and he was succeeded by Father Wolfgang Schlumpf, O. S. B. ;
then came Father Fidelis Maute, O. S. B., who began the
erection of the present stone church, mentioned already above.
After Father Fidelis' time the parish was attended by Bene-
dictines from St. Meinrad until 1873, as foLows: Revs. Henry
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
Hug, Benno Gerber, Placidus Zarn and Isidor Hobi, The latter
priest erected the priest's home in November. 1873.
Rev. Conrad Ackerman, O. S. B., was the first resident priest;
he took charge of the parish in November, 1873; he was followed
by Rev. Alphonse Leute, O. S. B., and he was succeeded by
Revs. Wolfgang Schlumpf, Ildephonse Zarn, Silvan Buschor and
Alexander Burkart, all Benedictines. The latter was succeeded by
the present priest, Rev. Maurice Wagner, O. S. B., who came to
the parish September 22, 1883, and is yet the efficient priest.
The parish is out of debt and in a flourishing state. The
priests and nuns who came from Help of the Christian parish are
as follows: Revs. Simon Barber, Bernard Heichelbach, and Vin-
cent Wagner, all O. S. B. ; Charles Wagner, Secular; Benno
Schum, C. SS. R., and Marcus Meyer, O. S. B. ; Sister Hilde-
gard Schum, Anselma Bettag, Rosa Bettag, Bonifacia Jochim,
Chunigund Jochim, Ignatia Wagner and Clara W^agner, all O. S.
B. ; also Sisters Martha Schwop (Urseline), Agnes Demuth, O.
S. B. , and Clementina Roos, O. S. B., the last three named being
deceased.
MARTIN COUNTY.
St. Joseph's Parish, of Martin county, was formerly attached
to St. Michael's under the guidance of Father Matthews, pastor of
St. Michael's. Before the organization of St. Michael's it was
attended by the pastors of St. Mary's. In 1848 it was known as
Miles Settlement, and the following families attended: Miles,
Carrico, Oueen, Clements, Ash, Strange and Kidwell, who were
all Kentuckians or Marylanders. In 1850 a station was estab-
lished, near Salem, at Henry Green's. There were also stations
established at Wade's, northwest of St. Mary's, and at Bloom-
field and Scotland, in Greene county. The stations attached
were also attended from St. Mary's, mass being said alter-
nate Sundays at Mt. Pleasant and St. Mary's. The church
now known as St. Joseph's was built about 1880. A pre-
vious one, in what is known properly as the Miles Set-
tlement, was about four miles northeast of the present building,
and over this Father Murphy had the administration, as well as at
(370P
IN THK STATE OF INDIANA.
St. Joseph's. One of the parishioners was Bazel Clements, a pio-
neer settler, and in 1840 he gave a bond to Joseph Queen, for a
deed to one acre of land "in the district of lands offered for sale at
Vincennes, on condition that Joseph Queen would finish the then
incomplete church." So it seems that a church was started there
previous to 1840, but those that lived in that locality usually give
1854 as the date of building the first church, which they say was
never finished, and 1880 as the date of the present church, which
is about four miles southwest of the first. The bond above referred
to. and still to be seen, was written and attested by William Sha-
rum, a justice of the peace; Charles Jones witnessed the signature
with merely his mark.
St. Martin's Church.— In November, 1883, St. Martin's
received its first resident pastor, in the person of Rev. Charles
Curran. He at once set to work with an earnestness and deter-
mination that, in conjunction with the willing aid given by the
people, he soon made the rather lonely and isolated church look
far more inviting and attractive. Some of the trees and under-
growth were cleared away, the church was roofed and furnished
interiorly with pews, vestry, etc., and a new house was built for
the pastor. This was all accomplished in the one year and ten
months that Father Curran was here, and he left without leaving
any debt behind, in September, 1885. He was succeeded by the
Rev. W. H. Slaven, but recently ordained. This was the latter's
first parish, and he fell in with the modern economy of keeping
things in good repair and of gradually making improvements. He
furnished the residence, which is a two-story frame of eight rooms,
well arranged; built a sacristy to the church, added some improve-
ments inside, purchased a fine bell, which was blessed by the Rev.
J. W. Doyle, of Washington, and built an eighty-six-foot tower,
in which the bell hangs. The church has also been ceiled and the
ceihng nicely painted. In the words of Father Slaven, used at
that time, "No one or few deserve particular praise. We all
work together and credits are to be equally divided. Such are
they happy circumstances under which so much has been accom-
plished by this young congregation, as I may call it, though it is
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
the successor of the very old parish at Mt. Pleasant. Nor is it in
a material way alone that the parish is being built up. The right
reverend bishop visited the parish this summer and twenty-five boys
and thirty girls, all well prepared, were confirmed. As there is no
regular parochial school in the parish, the amount of labor entailed
is easily understood." Subsequently, the pastor provided amis-
sion "for his people and it was productive of much good. The con-
gregation is composed of the descendants of the early settlers,
chiefly from Kentucky, and of those who worked on the old pike
from New Albany westward, and half are Irish, or of Irish descent.
In the four years that Father Slaven was in charge he had 1 1 3
infant baptisms and only seven funerals, two of the latter being
those of Richard Arvin and a Mrs. Kelly, both aged persons. An
annual festival or picnic is usually given by the congregation,
which is always successful from both a financial and a social point
of view. Father Slaven was succeeded by the Rev. James Strem-
ler, D. D., the present pastor.
ST. MAURICE, DECATUR COUNTY.
St. Maurice village was laid out in 1858 and was named St.
Maurice because of the protection of Bishop Maurice de St.
Palias. The School Brothers started an educational institution,
but after the death of Brother John Mary Weitman it was aban-
doned. The Brothers had laid out the town on forty acres of
ground, of which 9.35 acres belonged to St. Maurice's congrega-
tion. What is now used as the larger school-room was originally
built and used as the chapel. The parish of St. Maurice came
under the care of Enochsburg parish and the church records begin
in 1862.
The first church building, which was a frame, now used as a
school-house, was erected in 1858 by Brother John Mary Weit-
man, and here mass was first said by the Franciscan priest at
Enochsburg. There were sixteen families in the parish at that
time. The ten acres of ground and the school-building cost $2,000.
They raised $1,000 and borrowed the remainder. The first resi-
dent priest was appointed in 1884, in the person of Rev. Ferdi-
nand Hundt, who remained until 1886. He was succeeded by
(372)
IN THE STATE Ol" INDIANA.
Rev. Father Francis X. Seegtnuller, who remained until January
28. 1 891, and he was succeeded by the present efficient rector,
Rev. John B. Unverzagt.
The present beautiful church was erected in i88r and 1882
by Rev. Charles Schoeppner, and on September 24. 1882, was
dedicated by Bishop Chatard. The total cost of the church-build-
ing is placed at $10,000. The rectory was finished in 1885, at a
cost of $2,200. The parish property is beautifully located, cleanly
kept, and is valued at $20,000.
MILLERSBURC, ELKHART COrXTV.
St. Henry's Congregation, at Millersburg, was attended as a
mission from Avilla, Noble county, from 1863, and mass said in
various houses until it became a mission of Goshen, when Rev.
H. A. Boeckelmann visited the parish and erected a church, 'although
it was due to the efforts of Father Duehmig that the first subcrip-
tions were taken up for this purpose. The church building, 30 x
46 feet, was finally completed by Father Boeckelman, and was
dedicated during the pastorate of Rev. A. J. Kroeger. The con-
gregation at that time numbered about twenty families, but the
number has since decreased, and they are mostly Germans. For
a long time the congregation remained as a mission of Avilla and
Goshen, but is now a mission attended to by the clergy of St.
Patrick's, Ligonier.
MILLHOUSEX, DECATUK COUXTV.
The Immaculate Conception, at Millhousen, Ind.. Rev. J. P.
Gillig, pastor, was the first Catholic parish organized in the county
of Decatur.
As early as 1840, Maximilian Schneider donated forty acres of
land, June 20, in trust,' to Right Rev. Celestine de la Hailandiere,
bishop of Vincennes, for the benefit of the Catholics of Millhousen,
and in the same year the congregation, consisting of thirteen fam-
ilies, decided to erect a house of worship. This was a plain log
building, 20x24 feet, with a rough exterior, chinked and daubed
with mud, and was constructed under the auspices of Rev. Joseph
Ferneding. The flock was comprised of Germans, and among the
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
foremost of these in promoting the interests of the congregation as
well as of the town, was Bernard Hardebeck. The first mission-
ary priests following Father Ferneding were Revs. Conrad Schnie-
derjans, M. O'Rourke and Ramon Weinzoepfel, who labored until
1843. From 1843 until 1854, Rev. Alphonse Munschina and Rev.
Joseph Rudolf were the only two laborers in this field, and of these
Father Rudolf, whose residence was at Oldenburg, performed pro-
digious work, visiting Franklin, Dearborn, Ripley and Decatur
counties.
The increase of Catholics at Millhousen was surprising, where-
fore they determined to build, instead of the wooden church,, a
good-sized brick church, 38x60 feet. This was completed in
1850, and dedicated as St. Boniface's church. As the Rev. Al-
phonse Munschina, who had charge of the church, resided at St.
Ann's, Jennings county, it was deemed expedient by the people to
have a priest residing in their midst; at their request, Rev. Peter
Kreusch built, in 1856, the present parish house, which at the time
was the finest in the diocese. In 1857 he erected a large school-house
and now the congregation have two splendid brick school-buildings,
and the schools are attended by 170 pupils. The schools are in
charge of the Franciscan Sisters of Oldenburg, assisted by a lay
teacher for boys. The erection of the church of the Immaculate
Conception, 55 x 140 feet and 46^ feet in height, was commenced
under Rev. F. Hundt, the ceremonies of laying the corner-stone
occurring May 24, 1867, and the building was completed under the
pastorate of Rev. Dr. Hueser and dedicated August 4, 1869. No-
vember 7, 1870, Rev. F. W. Pepersack took charge and was suc-
ceeded in July, 1885, by Rev. Joseph Schuck, and he, in 1891, by
the present pastor, Rev. John P. Gillig. In 1892-93 a spire was
built, so that now the whole height is about 175 feet. The con-
gregation consists of about 175 families.
MISHAWAKA, ST. JOSEPH COUNTY.
St. Joseph's Church at Mishawaka. — By reference to page
1104, vol. II of this history, the reader will find, in the personal
sketch of the Rev. A. B. Oechtering, that he was appointed pastor
of St. Joseph's church at Mishawaka May 17, 1867. Prior to that
(374)"
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
date the parish had been in a most flourishing condition, and
Father Oechtering has continued to improve this happy state of
affairs.
In 1886 the building was found to be entirely inadequate for
the wants of the congregation, and a fund for the building of a new
church was started by Father Oechtering, and in 1890 active
preparations were begun for the erection of a new church, but it
was defe:red on account of the pastor's poor health, and five
months of that year were spent in traveling through Europe in
search of health, and he was much benefited by the change.
Upon his return he began active work again, and in the
beginning of 1891 the foundation was laid and the corner-stone
placed in position by Rt. Rev. Joseph Rademacher, of Nashville,
Tenn., the ceremony taking place August 30, 1891, before an
audience of about 10,000 people. The total cost of the new
church was nearly $50,000. It is 160x60 feet, its spire rising to
the height of 180 feet, and it was first occupied for divine worship
in October, 1893.
MONROEVILLE, ALLEN COUNTY.
St. Rose of Lima Church, at Monroeville, dates its history
from about the year 1850, when the then Rev. J. Benoit first min-
istered to the few Catholic families of the place, saying mass, alter-
nately, at the homes of a Mr. Jeffrey and a Mr. Griffith. Later on,
both Fathers Benoit and Madden made regular visits for a time and
availed themselves of a room in the house of John Hayes, as a
chapel, and following them, in 1868, Rev. E. P. Walters, from
Fort Wayne, and after a few monthly visits, erected a frame church,
28x52 feet, which served its sacred purpose for nineteen years.
The debt of $300 resting upon this structure was canceled by Rev.
Walters' successor. Rev. J. H. Brammer, who was succeeded, in
turn, by Revs. J. H. Graham, A. M. Meili, A. Heitman, T. Hib-
belen, J. Grogan, H. T. Wilken and B. Hartman. The cemetery
of the congregation was acquired during the pastorate of Father
Wilken, and during that of Father Hartman a pastoral residence
was erected in 1882. The first resident pastor was the Rev. J.
Grogan, mentioned above, who was appointed in 1884, but was
1375)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
succeedeci, in the same year by Rev. J. Hoss, and he, in 1887, by
Rev. B. Hartman.
In October, of the year last mentioned, St. Rose of Lima
church was destroyed by fire, but at once a subscription Hst was
started, and the handsome sum of $4,500 quickly raised, to which
sum the Protestants of the town somewhat contributed, and not at
all niggardly. The foundation for the new church was begun in'
the spring of 1888, and on the first day of July following the cor-
ner-stone was laid by Bishop Dwenger. The superstructure is of
brick, is 32x92 feet in dimensions, is Gothic in style, has a spire
102 feet in height, and the total cost of the building was $9,500.
The edifice was dedicated May 12, 1889, by Bishop Dwenger, and
among the several pastors who have since attended none has proved
more acceptable than the present, the Rev. L. R. Paquet.
MONTGOMERY, DAVIESS COUNTY.
St. Peter's is the oldest parish in either Daviess or Martin
county, and was founded about 181 8. by Catholics from Ken-
tucky, a church -loving people, and they had not long been here
when they were sought out by Fathers Blanc and Champonier, of
\'incennes. The first settlers were the Montgomerys, the Kid-
wells, and the Dants, and it was at the house of Mr. Montgomery
that mass was first said. Very soon— perhaps in 1820 — these men,
under the direction of Father Blanc, built a rude log church,
scarcely 16x20 feet. When Father Blanc w^as recalled to New
Orleans in 1820, he was succeeded in his visitations by Rev. Cham-
ponier, who visited the place monthly for about two years. He
was succeeded by Rev. L. P. Lalumiere, who visited the settle-
ment from Vincennes for a time, and afterward became its first
resident pastor. He is credited with building a hewed-log church,
24 X 30 feet, which was as early as 1823, and a frame one, 40 x 60
feet, which was completed in 1827, and blessed by Bishop Flaget
in 1829, assisted by the then young Father Abel, and on this occa-
sion confirmed forty-seven persons. The third church was of
brick. Part of these bricks were intended for college buildings,
but with the removel of Father Sorin to the northern part of the
state, these buildings were lost sight of. The church was built by
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
French carpenters from Vincennes under the direction oi lit. Rev.
l^ishop de la Hailandiere, and of Father Diicoudray, who was later
its pastor. It is said by some that these carpenters were brouj^ht
over especially to do the bishop's work. Certain it is, that much
of their work was very faulty and this church did not last long.
One of the subscriptions later on was for strengthening its walls,
to render it safe. This was soon after Father Piers took charge
in 1847, and it could not have been built longer than five years, as
Father Sorin left in 1842. It was then decided to erect a new
church, and to exchange the old site to the proposed town of Mont-
gomery. This church was completed in 1869, at a cost of $8,000,
a great part of the work being done by the parishioners. Father
Piers had all the features of the building planned before he began
the work, and carved out with a pen knife a perfect model of the
contemplated structure. The church was blessed July 18, 1869,
and August Farrell and Sarah Healey were the first couple married
in it.
The substantial two-story frame school-building Father Piers
put up soon after, and in 1885 the present school-building was
completed. The bell tower and steeple were put on the church in
1887, and a fine new bell was purchased. The parochial school is
maintained ten months in the year, with a good enrolment, though
a large number of the scholars are from the country. John Byrne
taught here, or in the parish, during war-times, and left behind
him some creditable work in the way of well-trained minds — sev-
eral of his pupils subsequently figuring conspicuously in the affairs
of Daviess county. Miss Annie Byrne, a niece of Father Piers,
also conducted the school creditably a number of years, and after-
ward a Frank Walker.
The succession of clergy, as gleaned from records and tradi-
tions, is as follows, with no uncertainty, unless as to e.xactness of
two or thee dates: Rev. Napoleon Blanc, previous to 1820; Rev.
M. Champonier, 1820 to the time when Rev. S. P. Lalumiere took
charge, and remained until 1837; Rev. M. de St. Palais until
1839; Rev. J. Delaune until 1841; Rev. Granedir only transiently;
Rev. E. Sorin until 1843; Revs. Chartier, Courjault, Francois
Parret, transiently during 1843 after the departure of Father Sorin;
23 ~Wf)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
Father Ducoudra}-, 1842 (end of year) until 1847; then Father
Barthol Piers until 1895, when Father P. Rowan took charge, and
the same priest remains yet, in 1898.
In discussing the early history of St. Peter's parish, we may
add: In connection^with Rev. Father Sorin's stay in this parish,
the following will be of interest. In August, 1888, on the occasion
of the celebration of Father Sorin's jubilee, at Notre Dame, John
Breen and a Mr. Kelley were the only ones present from the local-
ity of St. Peter's. During their stay Mr. Breen, in conversation
with Father Sorin, referred to the tradition among the people here
as to his intending to found a college at St. Peter's, and he told
this incident of his stay here:
Yes; I with some of the brothers was temporarily at St.
Peter's. We were upon very close rations, too. One day a neigh-
bor named Hayes came to see me and asked how I was, etc. I
told him I was not feeling well, that I had not had anything for
dinner that da}-. He at once requested me to send some of the
brothers with him and he would see that I was not without my din-
ner another day. I did so, and soon we had several sacks of meal,
meat, and other desirable provisions.
On the same occasion he related to Mr. Breen the circum-
stances of his leaving the southern for the northern part of the
state as follows:
Bishop de la Hailandiere sent for me and told me of the
extensive lands near the lakes in the north, and offered them to
me on the condition that I would found a college there; I did not
want to go, but he insisted, and proffered me his horse to ride; I
went, and the trip took me a week. I was pleased w^ith the place
and at once made arrangements to establish ourselves.
Of the brothers who left St. Peter's with Father Sorin, two,
Brother Vincent, ninety-three years of age, and Brother Xavier,
over sixty-six years old, were living in the year 1889, but are now
deceased (March i), 1898.
In his sermon at the golden jubilee of Father Sorin, at Notre
Dame, in August, 1888. Bishop Ireland spoke of six brothers who
came with Father Sorin from France, 1841 as the year of his
coming and 1842 as the year he first set foot on the banks of the
IN THE STATE Ol' INDIANA.
St. Joe river. This aj^rees with existing' records and traditions,
and the names of these six brothers are well remembered by
several. The following were named by Miss Lizzie O'Dell, who
went to school to these brothers, viz: Anselm, Gashien, Joachim,
Lawrence Vincent, Francis and Marien; one, who was known as
Brother Joseph, was teaching at St. Peter's when the above-men-
tioned arrived. He had been connected with the Trappist order
of Europe, but could not endure the severities of their rule and left.
About ten others joined them, but when they left for the north,
these latter, who were young men of the surrounding neighbor-
hood, did not go along, not having taken their obligations. When
they left St. Peter's they had the land they were on nearly all in
wheat, having leased much of it in order to have it cleared. There
were no Sisters of the Holy Cross with Father Sorin.
Father Lalumiere had introduced the Sisters of Charity at an
earlier date, but they remained but a short time; later, Father
Ducoudray induced the Sisters to establish a school here, but they
only remained about three years, when they withdrew.
St. Peter's cemetery is the most historic of all the parochial
burying grounds in Daviess county, because it contains the remains
of early settlers from other parishes, or at least many of them.
Since the beginning of Father Rowan's pastorate of St. Peter's
parish, in 1895, wonderful improvements have been perfected, in
church, school and parish. The improvements prominent which
have been made during his pastorate are the interior decorations,
the covering of the church with a slate roof, and new oaken seats
of superior workmanship. The parochial school, under the charge
of the Sisters of Providence, has also been established. The ele-
gant home of the priest, erected of brick and stone of the most
modern style of architecture, with modern conveniences, stands
adjacent to the church on the north side. Since Father Rowan
assumed the pastoral duties of St. Peter's, the whole amount of
improvements made by him, from 1895 to 1898, will aggregate to
almost $1 1 ,500. The value of the Roman Catholic property, in
Montgomery, and the appendix at Cannelburg, Ind., and including
the quarter section of coal land one mile west of the village, is esti-
mated at $55,000, which indicates a marvelous growth since its
"(379)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
establishment in 1818. The parish is in a very healthy state. St.
Peter's being the second oldest parish in the state of Indiana. The
parochial schools are well attended, having an enrolment of about
140 pupils. There are five Sisters, three as teachers, one as
instructor in music, and one as cook and assistant.
MONTEREY, PULASKI COUNTY.
St. Ann's Church, at Monterey, was organized in 1858 by Rev.
F. E. Nigh, the church-building at that time being a small edifice,
two miles northwest of the village. In 1883 a new church was
erected in the village during the pastorate of Rev. George Fleisch,
at a cost of about $5,000, and the priest's residence was built in
1889 by Rev. Charles Thiele, at a cost of $1,700. It is of brick,
is two stories high, and is beautifully located at the back of the
church. The school-house was erected by Father Thiele in 1895
at a cost of $2,700, and the school enrolment reaches seventy
pupils, who are under the instruction of three Sisters of St. Agnes.
The congregation numbers sixty-five families, mostly German, and
the sodalities attached to the church — the German Rosary society
and the Young Ladies' sodality — are in a prosperous condition.
St. Ann's parish has been attended by the holy clergy in the
following order: 1869, Rev. Henry Kcenig; 1873, Rev. M. Beatrice
Ziswyler, C. PP. S; 1876, Rev. Theobald Shoch; 1879, Rev. P.
Conrad Schneider; 1880, Rev. George Fleisch; 1886, Rev. Erhardt
Fritz, C. PP. S.; 1888, Rev. Charles Thiele; 1898. Rev. G. A.
Zern — the last named being the present pastor, who is rapidly
rising in the esteem of his flock.
MORRIS, RIPLEY COUNTY.
St. Anthony's Church. — About the year 1840 some German
Catholic families began to settle at Morris, then known as Spring-
field, and in its neighborhood. The place received its present
name, Morris, in 1856. These Catholics became members of the
neighboring congregations of Oldenburg and St. Nicholas. A log
school-house was erected in 1855, measuring 24x18 feet, on
ground (five acres) donated for church and school purposes. The
Catholic families at that time numbered twenty-five.
(380P
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
After some delay Bishop de St. Palais gave his consent to the
erection of a church. This church, built of stone, was 60x40
feet, exclusive of sanctuary. The corner-stone was laid in the
spring of 1855, and was dedicated on October 29, 1856. The
first mass in it was said by Rev. Joseph Rudolf on June 13 of the
following year.
In i86[ a stone school-house was erected, 36x24 feet.
About the same time a frame dwelling was built fcjr the Sisters of
St. Francis, two of whom took charge of the school. From 1855
until 1 86 1 lay teachers had conducted the school. Until the
arrival of the first resident pastor, in 1866, Morris was attended
from Oldenburg, five miles distant, once or twice a month.
Father Rudolf's assistants who visited Morris may be mentioned:
Rev. F. \\'eber, a native of Switzerland, Rev. J. Weissenberger, a
German priest, and Rev. William Doyle, who, though an Irish-
man, spoke the German language fiuently. In 1865 a two-story
parsonage of bricks, 32 x 22 feet, was erected at a cost of $2,200.
The first resident pastor was the Rev. R. Weinzoepfel, from
April 19, 1866, until July, 1873. Partial loss of his eyesight and
other infirmities compelled him to resign. He subsequentl became
a member of St. Meinrad's abbey. Father Weinzoepfel built a
second school, with residence for Sisters, measuring 52x26 feet,
at a cost of only $3,000. He also procured new bells and three
new altars.
The Rev. John Stolz was pastor from 1873 until 1878. He
provided a new organ at a cost of $1,200. Sickness compelled
him to resign. The Rev. A. Danenhoffer had charge from 1878
until 1882. He paid a small balance of indebtedness still remain-
ing. Rev. Caspar Seller arrived in the spring of 1883. He was
born at Dietikon, Switzerland, on April 16, 1846, and emigrated
in 1875, having been ordained priest in his native country on June
II, 1 87 1. In 1884 a new church was erected, and in 1888 Rev.
F. X. Girolt was placed in charge of the parish. The labors of
this energetic priest, as well as the subsequent history of St.
Anthony's, will be found in detail in the biographical sketch of this
reverend gentleman in Vol. II of this work. The parochial school,
attached to St. Anthony's, is taught by three Sisters of St. Francis,
"1381)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
and numbers an attendance of 135, who are progressing rapidly
under the care of these worthy Ststers.
MOUNT PLEASANT, MARTIN COUNTY.
The earliest accounts traceable in regard to Catholic services
here extend back many years anterior to the building of a church.
The first Catholic settlers were here as early as 1819, at least. It
was in that year that O'Brian came, and his relative by marriage,
one Jerre Raney, came just before or soon after. He was
the grandfather of the present Jerry Raney. At his house the vis-
iting priest read mass monthly. Perhaps this priest was the Rev.
Father Blanc, from Vincennes. or it may have been Rev. Father
Champonier. As early as August, 1823, Bishop Flaget had con-
firmed thirty-four persons here. These confirmations took place
at the home of Raney, mentioned above. In 1829, on Bishop
Flaget's sixth visit, he found at and around Mt. Pleasant forty
Catholic families. The jubilee was given that year, at which there
were seventy communicants, and thirty-one persons were con-
firmed. The place never had a resident priest, but was visited by
perhaps nearly all the priests at St. Mary's during its time of
prosperity. The church was commenced by Rev. John Delaune,
then at St. Peter's, about 1840, though it was not completed until
long after. Rev. Lefranc carried on the work commenced by
Father Delaune, but left it unfinished; after him came Father Par-
rett occasionally from Washington; as late as 1859, Rev. Father
John Mougin had a brick sanctuary built and some carpenter work
done; the former was put up by Joseph Mattingly and the latter by
A. J. Demoss. A modern steeple was also built at this time by
Silas Hall, and thus the church was finished about twenty years
after it had been commenced, only soon to be disused and torn
down. When the Loogootee church was built, this took all the
parishioners from the St. Martin's church who were north of Mt.
Pleasant; and as the others were several miles south, their needs
soon caused the building of a church convenient to them.
The land for the church was given by Pagey Ward and the
change of churches was made by Rev. Father L. Gueguen. Many
of the old settlers are buried in what was known as the Patrick
.(382r
IN Till': STATE OF INDIANA.
Riley burying ground, but when the church was built at Mt.
Pleasant a graveyard was begun here, and is even yet in use
by St. Martin's, or, as it is often called, the Haw Creek con-
gregation.
MOUNT VEKNOX, POSEY COUNTY.
St. Matthew's Congregation at Mount Vernon was founded,
in fact, about 1857, although Rev. E. J. Durbin, from Kentucky,
is credited with visiting Mount Vernon as far back as 1840, and
attending until 1851, with a solitary exception in the instance of
1844, where it is recorded that Rev. A. Deydier and Rev. C.
Schniederjans attended the place. Be this as it may. Rev. Roman
Weinzoepfel was the first to pay Mount Vernon regular visits, cele-
brating the august mysteries in the house of the brothers Schenk,
who settled there from St. Philip in 185 i. A lot was bought in
1857, 140 X 140 feet, for $660. Upon it was erected a two-story
brick building, 40 x 22 feet, intended ultimately for a school-house
or parsonage, but the flooring of the second story being omitted,
it was at the time used for church purposes. The citizens sub-
scribed liberally; the total outlay was $2,000. The church was
placed under the patronage of St. Matthew, and in October, 1857,
was blessed by Rev. E. J. Durbin. In July, 1858, Father Wein-
zoepfel visited the place for the last time.
Rev. Patrick McDermott attended from Evansville from Sep-
tember, 1858, until August, 1859. For two years after Rev. Paul
Wagner visited the place from St. Wendel on the fourth Sunday
of each month. It was next attended from Vincennes by the
Rev. John Contin and Rev. Gustave Ginnsz from 1862 until 1865.
In 1865 the Rev. H. J. Diestel, residing at St. Philip's, took
charge of Mount Vernon. He attended the place faithfully, and
in 1867 erected a spacious one-story frame house, which was to
serve as school-house and parsonage.
Rev. J. F. Sondermann was appointed the first resident pastor
at Mount Vernon and remained there from November 11, 1868,
until May 15, 1874. He found a small congregation and $2,000
debts. He paid the debt in a few years, and, beside, bought
ground for a cemetery and added a second story to his residence,
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
not mentioning many other improvements. The school also way
in a flourishing condition.
From May, 1874, until in the autumn of 1876, Rev. Matthias
A. Gillig was pastor. He left at his own option. After him the
congregation was without a pastor for seven months. Rev. J. J.
Schoentrup took charge in July, 1877. Seeing that the church was
entirely too small to accommodate the congregation, he concluded
to build a new church. He obtained very liberal subscriptions
from Catholics and non-Catholics. The church was begun in the
summer of 1879, and was completed in July, 1880. The building
is Roman style, 112x50 feet, steeple 146 feet high. Bishop Cha-
tard blessed the church October 10, 1880. The cost of the build-
ing was $10,000, the interior furnishings $1 ,700. In 1881, Father
Schoentrup bought a property near the church for school purposes
for $1,250, and introduced the Sisters of St. Francis to take charge
of the parish school.
In December, 1883, Rev. Francis B. Luebbermann was
placed in charge of the parish, and is its present pastor.
MUNCIE, DELAWARE COUNTY.
St. Lawrence Church. — -About 1853 there were but two fam-
ilies in Muncie, Delaware county, Ind., who affiliated with the
Catholic religion — those of Patrick Tuhey and Nicholas Eyier —
and in the dwelling of the former the first mass was celebrated by
Rev. Father Maloney, of Indianapolis, Mr. Tuhey being the first
Catholic to settle in the then small village. For four years Father
Maloney continued to make monthly visits, and prior to 1858 visits
were also made by Fathers Shellamaker, Black, Vanderpoole, Goe-
ghan, Doyle and Clarke. Services were held alternately at the dwell-
ings of the two early settlers already mentioned, and the reverend
fathers also ministered at the missions in Union City, Winchester and
other places. Father Clarke was very ardent, and used his best
exertions toward the erection of a church-building in Muncie, and
made excellent headway in the preliminary work, which greatly
aided the labors of his successors. In 1862, Father Fitzmorris
began his monthly visits, and by this time several new families
were added to the little congregation. In 1869, Father LaMoore
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
came, his former charge ha\ing been at Union C'ity, and was fol-
lowed by Father McMahon; the congregation having been increased
to seventy-five famihes, steps were energetically taken for the erec-
tion of a church edifice. The families were comparatively poor,
but were enthusiastic and active in the project. Money was
raised by subscription, entertainments and donations, until it was
thought that sufScient was on hand to warrant a commencement —
all the visiting priests, however, having taken active parts in bring-
ing about the desired consummation, but Father McMahon was the
prime and impelling power. Subsequent financial embarrassment,
however, dela}'ed progress, and Fath t McMahon temporarily
abandoned the undertaking. At this critical moment Bishop
Luers came from Fort Wayne and put new life and vigor into the
congregation. He purchased lots in block No. 8, corner of Charles
and Hockley streets, and made up the deficiency which occa-
sioned the embarrassment of Father McMahon. Father Lawrence
LaMoore, who was a zealous and untiring worker, was then placed
in charge of the construction of the first edifice, which was of
brick, 35 x 60 feet, and cost $3,500; the parsonage, a frame struc-
ture co5t $925. Father Joseph A. Marshall was here for a short
time, and he was succeeded by Father Crawley, who, January 24,
1875, was succeeded by Rev. William Schmidt, the present pas-
tor, who, for a time, also officiated at Montpelier and Hartford
City, and under his pastorate has been erected the present church
edifice.
This splendid church building was dedicated September 8,
1895, by Bishop Rademacher, assisted by Rev. J. H. Hueser and
Father Maujay, of Huntington, Rev. F. C. Mulcahey, of Hartford
City, and Father Guendling, of Fort Wayne. At 10 o'clock a. m.
the bishop blessed the church, and mass was celebrated at 10:45.
The auditorium has a seating capacity of 800, and the gallery
of 200; the altar is a magnificent piece of workmanship, the furni-
ture and finishings being in antique oak, the carvings being beauti-
fully artistic. The fresco work is charmingly beautiful and the
windows of the highest style known to art, while the pipe-organ is
one of the deepest in volume and melodious in tone, as well as most
beautiful of any in the state. The total cost of this magnificent
(386)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
house of God, with its furnishings, was about $43,000, and is a
matter of pride, not only to the Catholic population of Muncie, but
to the public in general, it being one of the city's chiefest architec-
tural adornments. The old church-buildingh as been utilized for
school purposes, and is in charge of the Sisters of St. Agnes.
NAPOLEON, RIPLEY COUNTY.
St. Maurice's Church. — Prior to 1848 the Catholics of Napo-
leon visited neighboring missions, or were attended by Rev. Jos.
Ferneding, Rev. Alphonse Munschina, Rev. Joseph Rudolf and
others. From 1840 until 1848 they formed part of the Millhousen
congregation. In 1848 Dr. McMullen, an Irish physician of
Napoleon, donated two lots; and the church, a frame building,
35x18 feet, was built for the most part by Mrs. Mary Gigos,
whose husband had been one of the founders of the town. The
congregation at that time numbered twenty families. The Rev.
Alphonse Munschina, residing in Jennings county, attended Napo-
leon up to 1854. From 1854 until 1858 the Rev. John P. Kreusch,
resident at Millhousen, visited the place. After him came Rev. A.
Tinkers in 1858, Rev. I. P. Vogt in 1859, and Rev. Jan. Weissen-
berger until April, 1861. Rev. Ign. Klein, residing at St. Nich-
olas, attended the place during six months in 1861. The next on
record is the Rev. John B. Weikmann, until 1863.
Rev. Ferd Hundt, resident at Millhousen, had charge for three
years. He established the first parochial school at Napoleon. In
1866 the congregation had increased to fifty families and received
the Rev. Theodore Antoni for the first resident pastor. Additional
ground was purchased and a new — the present — brick church was
built. The building had just been roofed when the zealous pastor,
taking sick suddenly, died June 14, 1870, in the thirty-fifth year of
his age and the fifth of his ministry. A marble tablet in the church
marks his resting place and commemorates his virtues.
Napoleon was after that attended by the Rev. J. H. Hueser, D.
D., of Millhousen, and the Rev. Fred Mueller, during whose time
the church was first used for divine service. Rev. F. W. Peper-
sack, of Millhousen, visited the place until 1872, when resident
pastors were again appointed: Rev. J. J. Gabriel, 1872-74; Rev.
IN THK STATK Ol" INDIANA.
H. Panzer, 1874; Rev. Alex. Koesters, 1874; Rev. B. H. Kintrup,
1875, until the spring of 1878. Rev. M. Heck now for several
months visited Napoleon; Rev. W. Kemper was the next resident
pastor. The church was blessed by Bishop Chatard on September
22, 1879, and Father Kemper remained until February 23, 1880,
when he was succeeded by Rev. Adam Feigen. The present pas-
tor is the Rev. Meinrad Toelle.
St. Maurice's church measures about 70x35 feet, with a
steeple seventy feet high. The tower has two bells, one weighing
879 pounds. The church contains handsome pews, seating about
300 persons. The total cost of the building was $9,000, of which
a small amount remains unpaid. Father Kemper added a splendid
main altar, and Father Feigen added a new pulpit, an organ, a bap-
tismal font, and other church furniture.
NAVILLETON, FLOYD COUNTY.
St. Mary's Church. — A few German Catholic families having
settled in that part of Floyd county where now St. Mary's church
stands, made at once preparations to build a log church in the fall of
1844. The following year they completed it, and invited the Rev.
L. Neyron, of New Albany, to visit it. September 8, 1845, Rev.
Father Neyron held service in it the first time, dedicated it, under
the title of the Annunciation, and blessed the cemetery. The
Catholic families at this time, who built the church, were Michael
Naville, Vital Kastner, Xavier Kinberger, a Mr. Stengel and a Mr.
Miller.
These few families at the log church, as it was commonly
called, were visited by the priests of St. Mary's of the Knobs until
1857, and the Rev. E. M.Faller. of St. Mary's. New Albany, had
charge till 1862, when Rev. J. M. Gabriel became the first resi-
dent priest of St. John's church, Clark county, and Navilleton was
attended from this time on by the priests residing at St. John's,
viz: Rev. J. M. Gabriel. 1862 till 1872; Rev. Lechner. till 1874;
Rev. B. Brueggemann. till 1877, and Rev. J. P. Gillig, till January,
1 89 1, when St. Mary's church became a mission of Bradford,
Harrison county, and since then it has been attended regularly
by the priest residing at Bradford.
~T387J
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
The little congregation slowly increased till 1890, when Rev.
J. P. Gillig made preparations to build a new church. But scarcely
was the foundation for the new church laid when Father Gillig was
called elsewhere, and Rev. Andrew Schaaf placed in charge of the
little congregation, which numbered at this time twenty families.
He at once began to push the preparations for the building of the
new church, and April 6, 1891, the corner-stone was laid by Rev.
Jos. Dickmann, of St. Joseph Hill, Ind., and on the 8th day of
September, same year, the church was ready for service. The first
mass was said in it forty-six years to the day that the first mass
was said in the little log church. The people assisted most gener-
ously in money and work for the new church; the Naville families
gave $1,000 in money, and also assisted untiringly in manual work.
Mention must also be made of Mrs. Barbara Ott, who gave six
acres of land on which the church stands and $200 in money.
Frank Piers, Jacob Kiefer and Chas. Leuthart also rendered great
service. On the day the first mass was said in the new church a
bell of 1,000 pounds, purchased at a cost of $173, was consecrated
by Rev. Joseph Dickmann, of St. Joseph Hill. In the spring of
1892 the church was finished inside, frescoed and solemnly dedi-
cated by Rt. Rev. F. S. Chatard, D. D. The church is 40x83
feet in size, with a spire eighty-seven feet high; is well furnished
with altars land statues, organ and pulpit; a debt, when finished, of
$175, was paid the same year. In 1893 a handsome school-build-
ing was erected, the property generally improved, and two new
roads opened, one running from the church two miles west, and the
other two miles east. In 1894 the post-office was established,
which name the place now bears, Navilleton. The congregation
had grown to forty families in 1895 and thirty children attended
the school, which is taught by a lay teacher. In August, 1895,
Rev. Andrew Schaaf, who brought many sacrifices for the church
and school and labored most zealously for nearly five years, was
transferred to Poseyville, Posey county, with headquarters at St.
Mary's church at Evansville, and Rev. Jos. Sennefeld attended
regularly till the spring of 1898, when he was transferred to St.
Thomas, Knox county. Rev. Chas. Clever then took charge of
(388)
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
St. Mary's church, is the present pastor, and is most zealously
engaged for the welfare of his Hock.
NEW ALBANY, 1"L()YI) COUNTY.
Holy Trinity Church, the oldest edifice in New Albany, Ind.,
consecrated to Catholicity, was erected in 1837, and was a frame
structure which suf^ced the purposes of the congregation until
1 85 I, when the present brick church was erected. As far back as
1829 Bishop Flaget has said mass in the humble dwellings of the
five Catholic families then residents in New Albany, but in 1837
Rev. I^ouis Neyron was called to the scene, organized Holy Trinity
parish, and in the fall of the same year the old frame church-build-
ing was completed in which Father Neyron officiated each alter-
nate Sunday until the completion of the new church, when he came
to New Albany to reside permanently. It is stated that the cost
of the brick edifice was defrayed chiefly from means furnished by
the pious and benevolent pastor himself, as at that time the con-
gregation was too poor to afford any material assistance in dona-
tions of cash. It is also stated that he purchased all the parish
grounds vvith his own means, and it is a well-known fact that he
continued to labor assiduously toward promoting the prosperity of
the parish in all respects until 1863, when, broken down with toil
and care, he retired to the university of Notre Dame, St. Joseph
county, Ind., w^here, for some years he taught physiology and sur-
gery, having in early life been a surgeon in the army of Napoleon
I, in his native France. His death took place at Notre Dame Jan-
uary 7, 1888, in his ninety-eighth year. Holy Trinity congregation
allowing him, meanwhile, an annuity of $500 in consideration of
his past invaluable services to the parish and his unbounded gen-
erosity.
In 1864 Father Neyron was succeeded by Rev. L. Gueguen,
who, the same year, was succeeded by Rev. John Mougin. The
last-named clergyman did excellent work, building the present
parish-house and a brick school-house. For some time he had as
assistants Rev. G. M. Ginnsz, now of Prescott, Ind., as pastor of
St. Vincent's congregation, and Rev. Father Fleischmann. Rev.
Father Mougin was succeeded, after doing much to advance the
~(389j
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
prosperity of his parish, by Rev. John B. Kelly, an account of
whose life and labors is given elsewhere in this work.
The Church of the Annunciation, at New Albany, was first
known as St. Mary's congregation, and was founded in 1852, when
Rev. Ottis |air held the first services for the German-speaking
Catholics of the city. The organization, properly speaking, of the
Annunciation parish was not effected, however, until the time of
Father A. Munschina, about the latter part of 1853. He was suc-
ceeded by Father Joseph Weutz in 1854. He built the first school-
house, a small brick structure, in the fall of that year.
March 3, 1857, Very Rev. Dean Faller was first appointed
and appeared on the scene that very day. He found half the
present grounds purchased; also an unpretentious little brick
school-house, which was permitted to stand until the extension of
the church in 1886 required its removal. There was a $5,000
debt when Father Faller assumed the pastorate. April 19, 1858,
Father Faller laid the corner-stone of the present church, at which
time he placed the church and congregation under the patronage
of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary. He finished it
that year and had it blessed the 12th day of December. The
church improvements cost $20,000, every cent of which he paid,
together with $2,200 of the original debt of $5,000, which he
found when he took charge. In 1858 he also purchased ten acres
of ground for cemetery purposes for the sum of $2,500. The land
alone, in 1890, was worth $15,000.
April 3. 1867, Rev. C. Doebbener assumed the pastorate.
He built, in 1872-3, St. Mary's academy, a five-story brick struc-
ture, at a cost of $29,000. It has since been sold to the Sisters of
St. Francis for $17,000, on condition that they continue it as a
parish school. Father Doebbener remained a little over nine years,
and was succeeded by Rev. F. Ign. Klein, August, 1872. He
erected St. Joseph's Hall building, the lower part of which is now
the boys' school, at a cost of $12,000, acquired the lots and built
teachers' residences, costing $2,000, and was engaged in enlarging
and beautifying the church when he received an injury by a fall on
(390)
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
the building which caused his death the following day, June 5.
1886. Bisho]) Chatard attended his obsequies, held in Holy
Trinity church, and his remains were interred in Annunciation
cemetery, where a fitting monument is erected to his memory.
Rev. Father Joseph Dickmann, of St. Joseph's, Clark county,
was temporarily in charge until the reappointment of Rev Father
Faller, July 14, 1886. After an absence of nearly twenty years
Father Faller returned. He continued the improvements begun
by Father Klein, and finished them the same year in time to have
the church solemnly consecrated by Rt. Rev. Bishop Chatard,
December 12, 1886. The improvements cost $35,000, and, in
order that all debts on the church might be paid so as to entitle it
to consecration, Father Faller paid $13,000 out of his own private
fortune. A remarkable coincidence is found in the fact that the
consecration of the church took place on the 12th of December,
the same month and day upon which it was first blessed for Father
Faller, in 1858.
In 1888 the very reverend rector removed the old rectory and
caused to be erected in its stead a fine brick residence trimmed in
cut stone, at a cost of $7,500. On its completion the young ladies
of the congregation furnished it most suitably — in fact, too elabor-
ately for plain Father Faller's taste — at a cost of nearly $1,000.
The Church of the Annunciation is situated on the northwest
corner of Eighth and Spring streets, and is among the finest in the
diocese of Vincennes. Interiorly it is the best in the state. It is
of Roman architecture, constructed of red brick, and is surmounted
by a tower and spire reaching a height of 165 feet. It is 164 feet
long, fifty-six feet wide, and thirty-five feet high, with nave and
transept dimensions 140 and 103 feet respectively. The seating
capacity is 1,000. The interior finish and furnishing can not be
easily excelled. The pews, the organ, pulpit, statuary, basso-
relievo stations of the cross, and rich frescoing are all in happy
keeping.
Annunciation parish property is worth over $100,000. There
are 350 families in the congregation, and 365 children attend the
parish schools. The Sisters of St. Francis are in charge.
(391)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
NEW ALSACE, DEARBORN COUNTY.
St. Paul's Parish, New Alsace, is possibly the oldest parish
in the state outside of Vincennes and Fort Wayne. The first
church, which was a farme structure, was erected about 1822, and
was attended by Father O'Rourke, of Dover, and other passing
priests. After the erection of this frame structure. Father Ferned-
ing erected a small brick in 1837, which now serves as the rear of
the present church. It seems from the records that Father Fer-
neding's predecessor was Father Muller, who officiated from Sep-
tember, 1 841, to September, 1842. Father Ferneding remained
as the first resident priest until August, 1842. His successor was
Father O'Rourke from October, 1842, to December, 1842. At
this time Father Schniederjans passed through and administered to
the congregation only a short time. He was followed by Father
Masquelet from January 26, 1843, to June, 1843; T^ext was Father
Oper, who passed through the parish, when Father O'Rourke
attended the parish again for a short time; then Rev. William
Engels from January, 1845, to January 1846. Then came Father
Stahl, who erected an addition to the church and in this parish he
died in April, 1853. Then Rev. Father Stapf came and was
rector from March, 1853, to May, 1854; next was Father Neuber
from May, 1854, to July 14, 1856; after him came Rev. A. Pinkers
who remamed from August, 1856, to January, 1858; next was Rev
Francis J. Rudolf and he was followed by Father Weinzoepfel from
August 22, 1858, to April 14, 1866. Whilst here as rector he
erected the brick school-house and the priest's house. The church
now was in the interdict, for sometime attended from Dover. The
next pastor in charge was Father Hundt, from September, 1867,
to September, 1868, and next was Father Siebmann from October,
1868, to February, 1884. During the latler's administration the
last addition and the spire of the church was completed and the
bells furnished. The next priest in charge was Rev. Guthneck
from April, 1885, to July, 1886, and he was followed by Rev.
Francis Torbeck from July, 1886, to April, 1890. Whilst rector of
this parish. Father Torbeck put in a new communion rail and a
new floor in the church. Then the present efficient rector, Rev. J.
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
J. Merkl, took charge of the parish and he has caused the premises
and the general appearance of the property to assume the aspect
of a veritable flower-garden. The premises and buildings are in
the best of repair and present a scene of thrift and care and general
prosperity.
NEW HAVEN, ALLEN COUNTY.
St. John the Baptist Church, at New Haven, was organized
in the latter part of 1857, when the Rev. Mr. Botty visited the
place and said mass in the house of N. Schuckman. Among the
original settlers were George Schlink, Herman Schnelker, N.
Jostvert, N. Schuckman and B. Schnelker, and of these H. Schnel-
ker, G. Schlink and N. Jostvert, constituted the first "church
council," and these gentlemen gave their individual notes to Henry
Burgess as the purchase price of land necessary for church pur-
poses. Rev. Mr. Grevin now came once a month to perform divine
services, and he also aided in pushing forward to completion the
new church-edifice, which was ultimately consummated at a cost
of $4,000.
In 1 86 1 Rev. G. W. Giedel took charge of St. John's as resi-
dent pastor, and about 1871 secured the services of Sisters of St.
Agnes from Fond du Lac, Wis., for teaching the pupils of the
parochial schools attached to the church, and of these there are
at present five in attendance, having in charge about 130 chil-
dren. The school-buildings were completed in 1872, at a cost of
$8,000, and are a credit to the congregation, which now numbers
about 540 souls.
In 1873, Rev. G. W. Giedel was called to his heavenly home,
and was succeeded in the pastorate by the present incumbent,
Rev. Bernard Wiedau, under whose effective administration a new
and handsome house of worship has been erected, at a cost of
$17,000.
NORTH MADISON, JEFFERSON COUNTY.
St. Patrick's Church. — Prior to 1853 the Catholics living at
North Madison were members of St. Michael's church, Madison,
but in the year mentioned, or in 1854, the Rev. H. Dupontavice
24 ~(393)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
erected the present brick church-edifice in North Madison, and
with its erection began to exist and flourish St. Patrick's congrega-
tion, who were attended by visiting clergymen. The first resident
priest h^re was the Rev. Bernard Ewers, who officiated from 1875
until 1 88 1, when he was succeeded by Rev. George Widerin, who
remained until 1893, when he was succeeded by Father Fein.
The edifice, known as St. Patrick's church, is small but substantial,
and in reality is one of the finest places of worship in the diocese.
NORTH VERNON, JPINNINCS roi'XTV.
St. Mary's Church, at North Vernon, is among the oldest
religious edifices in the city, and is one of the largest and most
imposing in appearance, its tall spire standing out as a landmark for
a radius of several miles. The original structure was built in 1861 ;
the first pastor in charge was the Rev. J. M. Missi, deceased,
whose pastorate terminated only with his death, which occurred in
the year 1890. He was then succeeded by the Rev. J. M. Ginnsz,
now at Schnellville, Ind. , w4io filled its pulpit for three years. He
took charge July 15, 1890, and remained until July 27, 1893,
when he was removed, and was succeeded by the Rev. F. X.
Hundt, February 22, 1893, who officiated until November of the
same year. The church was then attended from St. Ann's, by the
Rev. A. J. Urich, until April 3, 1894. The Rev. George L. T.
Widerin was then appointed and has remained to the present
time.
When the Rev. Widerin took charge of the parish, St. Mary's
church had not been completed, as far as the tower is concerned,
but in March, 1897, the work on this imposing appurtenance was
begun under the direction of this pastor, and was completed in
October, of the same year, at a cost of $4,000. St. Mary's church
now has a congregation of 135 families; the parochial school is in
charge of the Franciscan Sisters of Oldenburg, Franklin county,
Ind., and numbers about ninety pupils, who receive instructions
in English, German, music and needle work. In Septem.ber, 1897,
together with the addition of the steeple, a large, handsome clock
was inserted therein. The church is very handsomely decorated
and is equipped with electric lights.
IX THI-: STATi: ni- INDIANA.
OI^.IU- ISVII I i:, CIP.SOX COUNTY.
St. Bernard's Church is located six miles east of Fort Branch,
in the village of Obertsville (Snake Run), the post-offtce being Fort
Branch. As early as 1875, a few Catholic families living in the
neighborhood of Snake Run opened a Catholic school in an old log
cabin on land belonging to Anton Obert, and this school was
taught by Joseph Obert, his son. In this log cabin, also, mass
was said a few tinges by Rev. A. Koesters, of Princeton, in 1876,
and in 1877 Anton Obert having donated hve acres of land, a
church was built under the direction of Rev. Father Widerin, of
Haubstadt, who attended the little congregation until 1878, when
he was succeeded by Rev. Father Kintrup, of Princeton, who held
the charge one year. From 1879 until 1881 Rev. Father Widerin
again had charge, and, after him. Rev. C. Schwarz, of Pr.nceton,
from 1 88 1 to 1882; Rev. B. Ewers, of Haubstadt, from 1882 to
1883, and Rev. A. Peckscamp of Princeton, from 1883 to 1884.
In 1885, Rev. Peter Hommes took charge of Princeton and
visited St. Bernard's church regularly until New Year's day, of
1886, when he permanently located here, built the parsonage, and
for some years personally attended to the school. He also
attended Princeton as a mission until June, 1895, when Rev. E.
Ledvina succeeded him to the mission, being appointed for Prince-
ton; at the same time, the administration was again reversed, and
St. Bernard's once more became a mission of Princeton, under Rev.
L-^dvina. In July, 1897, St. Bernard's became a mission of Posey-
ville, and is now regularly attended twice a month by Rev. Andrew
Schaat, pastor of St. Francis Xavier church, of that city.
When the first church was erected at Obertsville, the Catholic
families living here were those of Henry Wening, Anton Obert,
John and Frank Hassel, Anton and Alois Meyer. J. W. Schmits,
Bernard Deters. Mike Foley and Mr. Nelles. The church was a
frame structure, 30 x 42 feet, without a sacristy. At the same
time a small log school-building was erected, and is still used for
school purposes. In February, 1882, the church building was
demolished by a wind-storm, and in the same year the present
church was erected at a cost of $2,500. This is a neat and sub-
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
stantial frame building, 40x92 feet, with a spire towering to the
height of ninety-five feet. The parsonage, erected in 1886, is a
frame structure of six rooms, and is well furnished. The congre-
gation now numbers forty-eight families, or about 250 souls. The
school has been taught by lay teachers, the present teacher being
George Hassel.
Rev. P. Hommes, who has been the resident pastor for the
past ten years, merits great esteem for his faithful work, which he
has performed with unabated zeal, and frequently at great personal
sacrifices.
OXFORD, BENTON COUNTY.
St. Patrick's is the oldest Catholic church in the county of
Benton and was established about i860, Rev. Father Stephan cele-
brating the first mass in the Christian church and the second in the
old court-house, the next at the school-house, and afterward in
various private houses. Father Ivilroy, of LaFayette, laid the cor-
ner-stone of the present edifice in 1863, and Revs. Stephan and
C. J. O'Callaghan superintended the main part of the work in its
early stages, but it was completed by Rev. Father Dinnen. At
that time there was no railroad at Oxford, and the material for the
building was all transported by teams from LaFayette, Tippecanoe
county — a distance of twenty-five miles and the church was sup-
plied with its clergymen from LaFayette until after the close of the
Civil war. In i860, Father Stephan, the first priest, officiated,
and, afterward, St. Patrick's continued to be supplied from LaFay-
ette, with clergymen, until 1867. From 1867 to the present time
the resident priests have followed in the following order: Father
O'Callaghan,, from September, 1867, to 1870; Father Dinnen, 1870
to 187S; Father McCarty, 1875 to 1877; Father Lang, 1877 to
1882; Father P. J. Crosson, from 1882 to 1894; Father Julius
Becks, from September, 1894, to June, 1895, when the present
pastor, Rev. William C. Miller, assumed charge. For several
years, the members of St. Patrick's congregation were scattered
all through Benton county and the northern part of Warren, but,
at the present time, St. Bridget's, consisting of fifty families, alone
is supplied from Oxford. St. Patrick's congregation proper com-
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
prises about 300 communicants. The edifice is of brick, cost $8,000,
and the altar, with appurtenances, cost $700 additional. Father
Miller has been very zealous and energetic since he has been pas-
tor, and the priest's residence, through his e.xertions, has been
rebuilt at a cost of $3,000, and refurnished. The church of St.
Bridget's mission was built by Father McCarty in 1873; but within
a short time after Father Miller was placed in charge of the parish.
The new church was rebuilt at a cost of $8,000, and was consecrated
to the service of God November 15, 1896,
PERU, MIAMI COUNTY.
St. Charles Barromeo, the first church in Peru, was erected in
1835. It was a frame building, 20x40 feet in area, and was con-
structed b}' James B. Campbell, a carpenter living here at the
time. A bell was hung in position and inspired the Christian peo-
ple with great fervor. The earliest church-goers had many peculiar
and e.xtraordinary trials in the practice of their religion. For
quite a while there was no bridge, as there now is, over the Wa-
bash river, and those coming from the country south of town on
Sundays had either to drive or wade across the stream. Among
the first Catholics of the county are: Melchi Kuhn, Patrick Col-
gan, John Guendling, the father of three priests — Revs. John,
August, Charles — John A. Graham, Jacob Kreutzer, John H.
Helm, Adam Beck, Joseph Buffert, Joseph Faust, Frederick Radel,
Daniel Mehl, Casper Wahlig, Jacob Struble, James Aveline, John
Miller, John Eberhardt, Thomas O'Rourke, Henry Salkman, Adam
Eberle, George Clickard, Matthias Twomy, Herman Sparenberg,
Anthony Frewer and Lawrence Weidner.
Mrs. Melchi Kuhn had charge of the altars of the church until
relieved by the first Sisters, who arrived in 1869 from Louisville,
Ky. — were Ursuline Sisters, and were succeeded by Sisters of
Providence in 1874. She was extremely painstaking in her serv-
ice and some of the laces and ornamental work which she made
for the altars are still used. The Sisters of Providence now have
charge of the altar furnishings.
After the first church had been used for twenty-five years a
successful effort was made to secure a new and commodious place
~T397J
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
of worship and the edifice erected stands, as it will for centuries, a
monument to the energy and zeal of its founders. The corner ad-
joining the first church was purchased from Jesse \\'illiams, of Fort
Wayne. The land was six or more feet below the level of the
streets. A swampy stream once ran through that part of the town
and the unstable land still remained. It was filled up and the
water afterwards drained, making the ground what it now is. The
members of the congregation worked very hard upon the building
and overcame numberless difficulties, and many of the men donated
most of their time and accepted only enough remuneration to feed
their teams.
Mr. Lowe, of Fort Wayne, was the architect and his plans
were approved by the pastor, Rev. Bernard Kroeger, and Bishop
Luers. The walls were built extra thick and strong, and the great
quantity of bricks used were made by John Clifton, south of the
city. The stone for the coping of the pilasters, etc., was hauled
from the vicinity of Peoria, on the Mississinewa. Huge logs were
hewed with a great amount of labor into the proper shapes to form
the imposing looking pillars, and the dedication ceremonies wer^e
conducted by Bishop Luers December 8, 1867. In building this
church the purely Gothic architecture was faithfully carried out
and all the details of the style were observed as far as circum-
stances would then permit. A spire and also appropriate fresco-
ing were among the things omitted when the building was con-
structed. Rev. Meissner was greatly impressed with a desire to
see the church completed as originally intended and as soon as his
effort of freeing the congregation from debt was accomplished he
directed the finances towards this end.
The beautiful spire was the first of the improvements. It was
planned by Peter Deidrick, Jr., of Detroit, and was completed in
1888 at an expense of $9,500, which includes the remodeling of the
church. It is a magnificent index to remind one of the eternity
above and its beautiful gold cross shines at a height of 183 feet
from the street. Frescoing was another point, and with it was
also considered the replacement of the common glass windows
with fine stained ones. With little effort and without contracting
('398)
IN' THE STATE OU INDIANA.
any debt these two grand improvements were accomplished at a
combined cost of $7,000.
The windows were made upon a special contract by a firm in
Munich, Bavaria, and are each works of art, setting off the sub-
limity of the interior architecture in the highest degree. The fres-
coing was done just previous to the placing in of the windows and
was executed rather plainly and without figures in order to more
readily attract attention to the beauties of the windows. The
magnificent gilded dome of the sanctuary and the repressntation
of the veil of time behind the high altar are each exceedingly
impressive and suggestive of certain intended meanings.
The representations in the windows and the names of those
who have so far donated them are, commencing on the east side
of the church at the altar: St. Michael, donated b}' Michael,
Henry and William Eagle; Moses, not donated; St. Augustine and
St. Monica, donated by the Rosary society; St. Claire and St.
Thomas Aquinas, donated by Mrs. Margaret Kreutzer; St. Henr}^
donated by John and Barbara Miller, deceased; St. Cunigond,
donated by Mrs. Mary Ryan; St. Isidore, donated by Rev. Meiss-
ner and St. Zita, not donated. On the west side, commencing
again at the altar; St. Ann (not donated); St. Joachim, donated
by Michael Murphy; St. Paul and St. Stephen, not donated; St.
Kolumbkill and St. Boniface, the Catholic Ivnights, the Ancient
Order of Hibernians and St. Patrick's society; St. Rose of Lima
and St. Cecilia, the Young Ladies societies; St. Louis, the Wabash
Hospital Sisters, and St. Elizabeth, Mrs. Elizabeth Snyder and
Adeline Schmo'l. St. Aloysius society donated the plain window
on the west side and the employees of the Miami Flint Glassworks
the one on the east. The five windows in the front of the church
have not been donated.
It will be noticed the selections of saints represented both in
the windows and statues embrace patrons of every state of life,
every nation and all ages, so that it is easy to select a patron from
amongst the many. Besides these representations there are by
figures and likenesses those of the seven sacraments, the nine choir
of angels, the three divine and the four cardinal virtues in the win-
dows. Upon Rev. Meissner's return from Europe the altars were
~p9)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
erected as they now are. The tabernacle of the high altar is the
same as originally built, but the remaining portion was added in
1884. The beautiful white and gold side altars cost $525 each and
were constructed by Allard & Co., of Columbus, Ohio. Mrs. Mary
Ryan donated St. Joseph's altar and the Rosary society that of the
Blessed Virgin. The statues were mostly secured at that time
also. They are representations of the Sacred Heart of Jesus,
which was donated by the young ladies' societies; the Sacred
Heart of Mary; St. Charles Borromeo, purchased with collections
made by Theodore Helmig; St. Patrick, given by the Irish portion
of the congregation; St. Bridget; St. Francis of Assissi, given by
the Third Order of St. Francis; St. Anthony, by Mrs. Jacob Bets-
ner; St. Aloysius, by the young men's societies. All of the statues
were made in Paris. Those of the Blessed Virgin, St. Joseph and
the figure of our Savior on the cross are of Munich manufacture.
The combined value of these works of art amounts to about $700.
The stations of the cross were donated in 1878 by Mrs. Jacob
Betsner, who also furnished two holy water fonts some years later.
Mrs. Mary Ryan furnished the two marble vases for holy water,
and also the elegant cope, used as a vestment at benediction.
The Rosary society was the first one organized in the church
and was started about 1858. At first both men and women were
members together, but it is now exclusively a body of women. St.
Patrick's Total Abstinence society was founded also in the early
days of the church. St. Charles society once was one of the most
flourishing organizations in the church but it was disbanded by
common agreement. The money in its treasury was used in the
purchase of a first class bell for the school-house. The societies
now existing in the church and the number of members each con-
tains are: Catholic Knights of America, seventy-six; St. Charles
Commandery, twenty-two; Ancient Order of Hibernians, forty-
four; the Rosary society, ninety-one; St. Aloysius sodality, twenty-
eight; Holy Infancy sodality, eighty-four; Confraternity of the
Poor Souls, 244; Confraternity of the Immaculate Heart of Mary,
536; Third Order of St. Francis, forty-four; Holy Family, seventy;
Total Abstinence society, nineteen; Zouaves (Volperts), twenty-
four; Perpetual Adoration, seventy-two; Propagation of Faith,
(400)~
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
sixty-five; Children of Mary, forty-eij^ht, and Sacred Heart society,
forty-nine. During the great famine in Ireland in 1880 St. Pat-
rick's society secured by its efforts the sum of $463.(71, which was
forwarded to the sufferers.
Rev. M. J. Clark taught the first school of the community in
1837 and continued until 1842. Gabriel Volkert, a Badinese
student, who came here with Rev. Force in i860, was the first lay
teacher and conducted a school in the residence situated on the
corner of Fifth and Wabash streets. Franz Edler was afterward a
very popular teacher and was assisted by Mary Force, sister of the
pastor. He resigned his position here to take the position of
organist in the Fort Wayne cathedral.
The first church was converted into a school during the week
by means of portable partitions and did service until destroyed by
fire. Victor Stevens succeeded Franz Edler. He was also assisted
by Miss Force until she went to Logansport with her brother, who
received charge of the St. Vincent de Paul congregation. Rev.
Kroeger taught for a few months in 1864 when he came here, but
afterward Thomas Miller, who is now dead, was employed.
Theodore F. Wolfram taught a year and resigned in 1867. He is
now in Columbus, Ohio. Miss Nellie Kenney, now Mrs. Milligan,
of Huntington, was the next instructor. John Schenk, of North
Vernon, was her successor.
Prof. Rudolph L. Mueller was the next incumbent and one
whose rather romantic personal history has often been told. He
was the son of a baron of Pomerania, Prussia, and in his youth was
a companion of Prince Bismarck. He entered the arm}^ but at
eighteen he was made professor of mathematics in a military school.
He joined the Catholic church when of age and for so doing was
disinherited. He then joined the English army and in some way
got to this country. He became rich, but lost all his money and
valuable books in mining speculations. He received the appoint-
ment of professor of history and languages in St. Vincent's college,
Westmoreland county. Pa. Rev. Kroeger was once his pupil in
this college and several years after his ordination they met again
and Mueller was appointed teacher here, which place he filled four
years. Bishop Dwenger, noting his capabilities, prevailed upon
~m)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
him to enter the college in Carthagena, Ohio, kept by the Sanguin-
ist Fathers, to whose ranks the bishop belonged. He became a
Brother and died in 1885 in a monastery at Marie Stein, Ohio.
Rev. Kroeger secured four Ursuline Sisters from Louisville in
1869, who were the first Sisters of the congregation. Three of
them spent their time in instructing the girls. They occupied one
of the houses across the street from the church. These Sisters
remained two years. In 1874 five Sisters of Providence arrived
and taught the girls' classes, the boys being instructed separately
by Frank Horn. He resigned September, 1881, and his class of
boys was taken by the Sisters also. The number of Sisters has
gradually increased until now there are ten, including the Sister
superior. There are now six school-rooms, with an average attend-
ance of 252 pupils, under the superintendency of Rev. Meissner.
To him is due great credit for the successful manner in which the
school has been conducted. From the very first he made his peo-
ple understand the great necessity of a christian education, which
is only obtainable by attendance at a good religious school.
In the early 'seventies Rev. Lamour contracted for and com-
menced the erection of the new brick school building at a cost of
$16,000. It was blessed by Rev. Meissner October i, 1875, with
a previous procession which marched through the streets. In 1880
a stage was erected and was fitted with a set of four scenes, the
first which were ever in the city. In 1S96 a most beautiful pulpit
was erected in the church. The cost was $500. The pulpit was
made by Mr. Harkner, of La Crosse, \\'is. Improvements were
made in the cemetery in 1897 and 1898 to the amount of $1,000.
A large stone cross was erected in the cemetery on June i, 1898,
at a cost of $350.
PLYMOUTH, MARSHALL COl'NTY.
St. Michael's Congregation. — Previous to 1841, Plymouth
was a missionary station, visited by priests from South Bend and
Valparaiso. The 13th day of June, 1861, Rebecca Vinnedge, the
widow of David \'innedge, deeded to Rt. Rev. Bishop Luers lots
No. 59 and 60 of the original plat of Plymouth. The i8th day of
February, 1863, Rebecca \'innedge. by Nathan H. Oglesbee,
IX TIIIL STATE OF INDIANA.
administrator, deeded to Rt. Rev. Bishop Luers, lot No. 58. Lot
No. 58 is situated on the south end of the block, while No. 59 is
the center lot, and No. 60 is the one on which the church now
stands.
Rev. Father \'olkert, the first resident priest of Plymouth,
came in the year 1S62, and was removed in 1864. During his
administration the lots referred to were purchased for St. Michael's
congregation, and the church was erected and completed in 1863.
In September, 1863, the church was dedicated by Rt. Rev. Bishop
Luers. Priests were present from many places. A very large
concourse of the lait)' was also present, many having come from
LaPorte and other places, reduced rates having been secured on
the old Huckleberry Road, and also on the P., Ft. \V. & Chicago
railroad.
His successor was Rev. Father Steiner, whose administration
began in 1864, about six months before the close of the great Civil
war. Anxiety and deep gloom prevailed everywhere; and politics
and war seemed to rule the hour. Rev. Father Steiner had very
poor health while in Plymouth and he resigned his charge in 1866.
He was succeeded by Rev. Father Siegelack. It was during
his administration that the St. Boniface Benevolent societ}- was
organized in 1869, since which time it has flourished, being a
sweet guardian angel to many in the dark hours of sickness and
sorrow. In 1868 the statue of the Blessed Virgin was procured
and an altar erected in her honor. Father Siegelark left Plymouth
in 1869.
The Catholic school, from 1861 to 1869, inclusive, was taught
by the following named persons: Miss Dwyer. Miss Howard, Miss
Buchanen, Miss Manahon, Miss Day, Mr. Weber and Mr. Stevens.
Miss Kate Stokes, of \'alparaiso, was the last teacher previous to
the Sisters. She taught during the first few months of the admin-
istration of Rev. Father Zurwellen, who came in October, 1869.
The pastoral residence was situated in those days upon lot No.
58, that is, on the southwest corner of the block.
St. Michael's academy is the name given to the institution of
learning established in 1870. The building is of brick, substantially
built, well arranged for the purpose for which it is used, and cost
"(403)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
about $12,000. At the request of Father Zurwellen, a large bell
was procured. The day on which it was blessed, it was placed
near the sanctuary, and each contributer to the bell fund had the
privilege of tolling the bell once for each dollar donated by him.
The next important acquisition made by the congregation was lots
No. 67, 68 and 96. They were purchased November 20, 1872,
from Nathan B. Ridgway, of LaPorte, Ind.. lot No. 67 being the
one on which St. Joseph's hall is situated. For a number of years
the congregation used as a cemetery an acre of ground, donated to
the Catholics of Plymouth, by Uncle Johnny Hughes, as he was
called, but his farm was too far north for a burial ground, yet the
poor Catholics of Plymouth were glad to accept it from the hands
of the cheerful giver. In 1871 the city gave the privilege of using
a portion of Oak Hill cemetery, for burial purposes. So matters
stood until the 15th day of April, 1875, when Rev. Father Zur-
wellen purchased from Place and VanPelt, of LaPorte, Ind., the
four acres of ground which are now used as a cemetery by the mem-
bers of this congregation.
On the 6th day of February, 1883, Rev. Father Moench, the
beloved pastor, arrived in Plymouth and found a debt of $6,000
standing against the congregation, which he at once proceeded to
extirpate.
In the year 1884 the pastoral residence was erected at a cost
of $1,131.37, also the statue of St. Joseph was secured and an
altar erected in his honor. It was in 1885 that the church was
frescoed and repaired at an expenditure of $660.77. In 1886 the
banners of the Rosary society and the Young Ladies' sodality were
bought. It was in 1887 that the beautiful main altar was donated.
In 1888 St. Joseph's hall was built at a cost of $1,298, and the
beautiful stained windows were placed in the church. In 1889 the
new iron fence was built, and the stone sidewalk laid, and during
the same year the last dollar of that cruel debt was paid.
The congregation, now freed from financial embarrassment,
through the untiring energy of Father Moench and the substantial
help of the good people, continues to prosper and now numbers
105 families, while the school enumeration is 116. In 1890 a
council of the Catholic Benevolent legion was organized; this, as
(404)""
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
well as all the other societies of St. Michael's congregation, are in
a flourishing condition.
POKTLAXn, JAY COUNTY.
The Church of the Immaculate Conception at Portland was
organized in 1878 by Fathers of the Precious Blood, who held it
in charge until 1888, when Rev. J. Baker, now pastor of St. Mary's
church, at Alexandria, Madison county, was placed in charge and
performed the functions of his holy office for about three years.
Father Baker was succeeded by Father Strueder, who passed the
remainder of his life in the service of God in this church, and
answered the summons from earthly toil October 25, 1894.
Rev. C. Maujay, since the lamented decease of Father Strue-
der, has held the pastorate of this church, and has done excellent
and zealous work toward advancing the spiritual culture of his
parishioners and in improving their temporal condition. His con-
gregation is composed of about twenty families, of mixed nation-
alities. That his labors are onerous will be inferred when it is
stated that, beside his charge in Portland, Father Maujay has the
cure of three missions, as follows: That of St. Joseph, in Adams
county, which Father Maujay himself organized in 1895, and
where he built a handsome frame church, 60 x 25 feet. There he
has a congregation of twelve families, mostly English-speaking,
who are free from debt. St. Anthony's mission, at Albany, Dela-
ware county, his second mission, was established by Father Mau-
jay in 1895, also, and has a congregation of twenty families, mostly
German. His third mission is that of St. Patrick's, at Red Key,
in Jay county, also established by himself in 1897, and there he
ministers to an English-speaking congregation of fifteen families;
this mission is also free from debt. This record of work done by
Father Maujay since coming to Portland well indicates his zeal and
energy, which have won for him the unqualified love of his people
and the commendation of his superiors.
POSEYVILLE, POSEY COUNTY.
St. Francis Xavier Church was dedicated by Bishop Chatard
in 1887, at a time when the congregation was indeed but a small
(405)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
one, with Rev. F. Luebbermann, of Mount Vernon, as its spirit-
ual head. Father Luebbermann had been deputed by the bishop
to form this congregation, and b}' earnest and persistent work made
his mission a success. The Catholic laity was meager in cash as
well as in numbers, but eventually subscribed sufficient to the build-
ing fund to justify the erection of a church-edifice, and this fund
was munificently augmented by three Protestant residents of the
parish, viz: Senator W. P. Bozeman, who subscribed $500; Dr.
T. B. Young, $300, and Attorney Leroy Williams, also $300.
The total cost of the erection was $4,002.65, to meet which amount
$2,978.45 had been subscribed, thus leaving an indebtedness of
over $[,000. The church-building is a neat structure, 34x76 feet,
is of brick, and with stained glass windows is a credit to the parish,
and was dedicated September 18, 1887. Father Luebbermann
continued to officiate until 1S95, when he was relieved of his
labor at Poseyville and left free to devote his attention to his
charge at Mount Vernon.
August 18, 1895, Rev. Andrew Schaaf took charge of the
parish of St. Francis Xavier, with a debt of over $1,000, but with-
out a parsonage, without a school-house, without a cemetery, and
the church-edifice had not only gone unimproved, but was badly
needing repairs. Father Schaaf, for the first two years of his
pastorate, made his home with Rev. Jos. Dickmann, of St. Mary's
church, Evansville, but in the meantime had vigorously busied
himself in remedying the unfortunate condition of affairs in his
parish. His first work was to repair the roof the church, erect a
new spire eighty-two feet high, and introduce a new bell; he built a
gallery, secured a handsome pipe organ, adding a number of pews,
side altars, three statues and a furnace for heating the church.
The priest's house was the next improvement made, ground for
which was broken in September, 1896, and the modern frame home
of nine rooms, 32x42 feet and two stories high, completed in Sep-
tember, 1897, 'J-t a cost of $2,000 for the home and its furnishings.
A second acre of ground has also been added to the church grounds,
at a cost of $500. In June, 1897, ground was broken for a school-
house, and this, also, was- completed in September, 1897. This
building, 22x42 feet, is of brick, and the number of pupils attend-
(406T~
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
ing the school is thirty-five, under the charge of a young lady,
Miss Martha Ketzner, of Crawford county, Ind.. but nevertheless
all under the supervision of Rev. Father vSchaaf. The number of
families belonging to the congregation is forty-eight, or an aggre-
gate of about 240 souls.
MARION, (iKANT roTXTV.
St. Paul's Church at Marion, Grant county, was built in 186S
by Rev. Bernard Krceger, of Logansport. The Rev. Theodore
Borg, now at Fort \\'ayne, was the first priest in charge, but was
not regularly stationed here, the charge being a dependent mission.
The I^ev. Father Wiechmann succeeded Father Borg in 1870,
driving to Marion, at first, once a month; later, twice a month.
Father Wiechmann was in charge seven years, paid off the church
debt and turned over to his successor $750 in subscriptions, which
he had raised from Marion citizens not members of the church.
Ground was broken for the new $50,000 edifice September
30, 1895. The corner-stone was laid May 17, 1896. Bert L.
French, of Marion, was the architect, and the church was dedicated
November 7, 1897. The church is an architectural beauty of the
English Gothic style, and built of buff pressed brick with Bedford
stone trimmings. It is 100 feet in length and fifty feet wide in the
main, and sixty-six feet wide in the transept. One of the towers
is 120 feet and one 108. The height of the ceiling from the floor
is forty and one-half feet. The auditorium will comfortably sent
600 people. There is a ten-foot high basement under the entire
structure, used as a chapel and society rooms. The seats are of
red oak, the aisles in \'enetian mosaic. The pillars are an
excellent representation of Mexican onyx. The sanctuary fioor is
in \'enetian mosaic of Carrara marble, containing a center-piece in
Roman marble, representing the figure of the Lamb and the book
of seals from the Apocalypse. The altars are in white and gold.
The chancel rail is of oak, mounted with white marble, with
emblems of the four evangelists of the Passion in wood carving,
bronzed and gilded. The decorations on the panels represent the
four Latin doctors. Among the statuary are two adoring angels,
the last supper, after Leonardo da \'inci, the sacrifice of Melchise-
1407)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
dek and the sacrifice of Abraham. In a niche of one of the side
altars is a statue of Our Lady of Victory, and in the other a statue
of St. Joseph — the latter after one of the masters of the Iron age.
The present pastor is the Rev. W. J. Quinlan.
PRESCOTT, SHELBY COUNTY.
St. Vincent's Parish. — Few members of the many Catholic
congregations of the proud capital of the state of Indiana, with its
150,000 inhabitants, would dream as they glide over Shelby coun-
ty's fertile soil at a speed of fifty miles an hour, and fly as it were,
through the insignificant little village of Prescott and scarcely
glance at the beautiful spire surmounted by a cross, that here once
stood, in the form of an insignificant log hut, the mother church of
the Indianapolis congregations.
The first Catholic to come to Shelby county was Mrs. Mary
Cornell, a native of Maryland, who arrived in 1824; the first priest
to visit the county was Rev. George Elder, who came in 1827, and
in 1828 delivered a lecture in the school-house at Shelbyville.
The house was built in September, 1838, at the nominal cost
of $619, but prior to its erection the sparse settlements of Prescott
and vicinity were visited at regular intervals by priests from Vin-
cennes and elsewhere.
After the completion of the little log church-building it was
blessed by Bishop de le Hailandiere in 1840, and the priest in
charge would at stated times mount his horse, leave his little parish
and repair to his station at Indianapolis, and there minister to the
spiritual wants of a small band of faithful souls, who listened with
love and gratitude to his teachings. This devoted man was Father
Vincent Bacquelin. Indianapolis was then a mission station
attached to St. Vincent parish, and thus it remained until the
death, by accident, of Father Bacquelin, in September, 1846.
The successor of Father Bacquelin was Rev. John Ryan, who
ministered to St. Vincent but a short time, being followed by Father
McDermott, whose pastorate lasted one year. The next pastor
was Rev. Thomas Murphy, who served for only a limited period,
and was succeeded by Rev. John Gueguen, who continued in
charge for four years, his successor being Rev. Daniel Maloney,
(40S)
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
who began his labor in 1853. In May, 1855, Rev. Edward Martin-
ovic, generally called Father Martin, took charge of the parish and
exercised the functions of his holy office in a most acceptable man-
ner until early in the year 1863, when he was relieved of the work
and returned to his native country.
The next in order of succession was Rev. John P. Gillig, who
served until 1867, when Rev. William Doyle became pastor, and
he in turn was succeeded, in 1868, by Rev. Father Rudolph.
Father Rudolph successfully ministered to the congregation until
May 4, 1881, and to this energetic, fearless and determined man
is due the credit of erecting and formally setting apart for the
worship of God, without indebtedness, the present beautiful church
of St. Vincent de Paul at Prescott.
Fathers Torbeck, Guthneck, Hundt, Ginnsz and Danenhoffer
followed in consecutive order, and they were succeeded January i,
1898, by Rev. Charles A. Strieker.
REMINGTON, JASPER COUNTY.
St. John the Evangelist Church. — For many years of the early
history of St. John's church, the Catholics of Remington and vicin-
ity were without a building for worship. They had mass in pri-
vate residences — in town, at the home of Timothy O'Connor; and
in the country at the home of John Eck. Priests from Rensselaer,
Reynolds and Kentland, at fixed times, visited these places.
Usually Father Messmann, of Kentland, came to the former and
FatJier Young, of Rensselaer, came to the latter. With the growth
of the town and country the Catholics increased until they became
numerous enough to found a congregation. In 1873 the rightreverend
bishop appointed Rev. Father Messmann to build them a church.
This reverend father at once gave up his charge at Kentland to fill
his appointment here. Soon many busy hands were at work on a
new building and in an incredibly short time a structure 30 x 50 was
erected. But Father Messmann did not remain long to enjoy the
fruits of his labor. The bishop removed him to another parish and
sent Rev. John Shrader to take his place.
Father John completed the building and dedicated it to St.
John. This church -edifice was constructed at a cost of $1,600.
25 (409)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
This seemed a large sum for the congregation then at Remington
to bear, but, led by an ingenious pastor, they devised means to
reduce the debt, and laid plans by which it would finally be paid.
Rev. Shrader in 1876 gave up his pastorate to Rev. Guido Stallow.
His successor was Rev. John Wellinghoff. During his pastorate
the congregation grew too large for its building. In 1878 he built
an addition of fifteen feet to the original building. This addition
is occupied by the altar and two vestry rooms. His successor,
Rev. Widerin, took charge in 1879. Father Widerin immediately
after coming saw the need of a new parsonage, and called on the
congregation to build one. Plans were soon perfected and work
begun and in 1880 a parsonage costing $1,200 was ready for use.
Father Widerin's health failed him and he soon had to give up his
charge.
The next pastor who came to take charge of the congregation
was Rev. Hellhake. -He was a large, portly man, with a smile and
a kind word for every one. His entire pastorate was marked with
earnestness and energy. He was replaced in 1893 by Rev. M.
Kelly, who remained but three months. He died in the hospital
in LaFayette.
The vacancy left by Father Kelly's death was filled by Rev.
John B. Berg, the present pastor. The congregation has three
societies. St. Mary's, St. Joseph's and Sacred Heart society, and
all three have for their object to contribute and beautify the inte-
rior of the church. A society of the Catholic Order of Foresters
was organized in 1895. This is a mutual aid and insurance
society.
Under Father Berg's charge the congregation has once more
grown too large for the old building and it is his intention and the
desire of all to build a $10,000 brick church in the near future.
RENSSELAER, JASPER COUNTY.
St. Augustine Church. — Bishop Luers purchased a site on
which to build a church in Rensselaer, and in 1882 Bishop Dwen-
ger donated the same for the said purpose. Prior to this time
services were held in the orphan asylum. Rev. Matthias Zumbuelte
at that time having charge. January 22, 1882, he called a meet-
("410r
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
ing of the congregation and a building committee was elected, con-
sisting of Peter Lordemann, Michael Folloran and Sylvester Fal-
ley. Work was begun on the building July 17, 1882. but much
trouble was experienced during the construction. The foundation
was faulty and had to be replaced; funds became exhausted, and
so the building was not completed until 1885, and was dedicated
January 21. Bishop Dwenger was sick at the time, so the church
was blessed by Rev. John Guendling, of LaFayette, and Rev. C.
P. Walters preached the sermon. The church cost $5,000, in
size is 37 X 80 feet, and is well furnished.
In 1888, Rev. Anthony Dick succeeded Rev. Zumbuelte; next
Rev. Stanislaus Neiberg, who made some improvements in the
church, and Mrs. E. P. Hammond deserves special mention for
her liberal contributions; the resources of the parish were consid-
erably augmented by a very successful church fair held in 1894.
In 1897 Rev. Bernard Dickmann took charge, and in 1898 Rev.
Edward Jakob. Ninety families comprise the congregation, most
of whom live in the country, and some at a long distance from the
church. The congregation is out of debt and has a surplus, but
as yet there is no priest's residence nor school. St. Joseph's cem-
etery is located two miles south of town.
Rev. Edward Jakob, C. PP. S., was born in Minster, Auglaize
county, Ohio, in 1859. He was educated in St. Charles seminary,
C. PP. S., Ohio, and was ordained at Covington, Ky., in July,
1883, by Bishop Toebbe. He was then six years in Missouri,
being located at Montrose, Henry county, and also had charge of
several other missions in other counties. At Montrose he built a
church and residence, also built some small mission churches in
that district. He next went to Lawrenceburg, Tenn., where he
completed a church. Two years later he went to New Riegel,
Seneca county, Ohio, and had charge of St. Boniface church, and
after four years came to Rensselaer and took charge of St.
Augustine.
REYNOLDS, WHITE COUNTY.
t
St. Joseph's Parish, of Reynolds, was organized in 1865 by
the Rev. Joseph Winters, who was at that time assistant pastor of
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
St. Mary's church at LaFayette. As early as 1856, however,
Catholic clergymen had visited Reynolds and had baptized several
children, and mass had been read by visiting priests at the dwell-
ings of the Catholic residents, who, each in turn, gladly welcomed
the honor of having mass said in his house. The first church, the
erection of which took place in 1865, was a small frame building,
20 X 45 feet, and now stands at the rear of the new edifice. A
little over three acres of ground was purchased from John Britton
by the Rev. Father Hamilton for his assistant, Father Winters,
and the church-building cost about $975, a portion of which sum
was contributed by a few Protestants, there being then only fifteen
Catholic families in the parish. About an acre was laid out for a
cemetery and the first burial therein was of the remains of Mrs.
Mary Eva Grissmer, in November, 1868.
Tiie mission of St. Joseph's, at Reynolds, was attended by
visiting clergymen from LaFayette until the appointment of the
first resident priest. Rev. John McMahon, in 1872. He erected a
pastoral residence and of^ciated until his death in April, 1873,
his remains being interred at LaFayette. The Franciscan Fathers
of LaFayette then took charge of the parish and stationed here
the Rev. Dominic Meyers as their first resident pastor. He erected
the present church, which is a brick edifice, 42 .\ 96 feet, and cost
about $5,000, but as many of the congregation performed much of
the labor, the outlay of cash was materially restricted, although
the membership numbered twenty-seven families only. The build-
ing was dedicated in 1877 by Right Rev. Bishop Dwenger.
The succession of officiating clergymen has been as follows:
Rev. Dominic Meyers, in 1879, by Rev. Peter Paul; in July, 1880,
Rev. C. Steinkamp; in July, 1882, Rev. Ignatius M. Wilken; in
1884, Rev. John B. Schroeder; in 1885, Rev. Augustine Bayer; in
1886, Rev. Peter Welling, who paid off all debts; in 1887, Rev.
Francis S. Schaefer. In 1888 the Order of St. Francis transferred
the church to the bishop of Fort Wayne, and Rev. Matthias Zum-
buelte was appointed pastor; in 1890, Rev. John B. Berg took
charge, and during his incumbency the church was reshingled and
the interior frescoed. In 1893, Rev. George Schramm was placed
in charge; in 1895, Rev. John Blum, and in November, 1896, the
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
present able young pastor, Rev. John F. Kubacki, assumed the
pastorate. He has placed a new furnace under the church and has
also built a brick pastoral residence of nine rooms, with all modern
improvements, at a cost of nearly $2,ooo. to which small amount
it was held down by the contribution of considerable gratuitous
labor by members of the congregation. The membership now
includes forty-five families, and is out of debt. The people are
very devoted to their church and are almost proverbially liberal,
not only to their parochial interest, but also to all diocesan chari-
ties. Among the most prominent for this reason are the families of
Geo. Ruppert, Michael Owens, Michael Martin, and l^ernard
Vogel, John and Mrs. V. Emge, Patrick Mangan, John I^^oon and
John Graftema.
St. Joseph's has now no school, although in the time of Rev.
Clements Steinkamp a school-house was erected at a cost of $475,
and the pupils placed under the charge of the Sisters of St. Fran-
cis, who taught until the expiration of Father Steinkamp's minis-
trations.
The resident priests at Reynolds have always attended other
missions, principally Francesville and Medaryville. These are
comparatively old missions, as there are some traces of priests as
early as the '50s, though the first definite name on record is that
of Father Steiner, assistant cure of St. Mary's of LaFayette, who
in 1862 occasionally visited the missions and said mass in the
houses of the Catholics, principally in those of Messrs. Kilroy,
Hearl and Racket at Francesville and Mr. Nicoles at Medaryville.
Father Steiner bade the missions a touching farewell on August 16,
1864, and was succeeded by Father Becks, of Michigan City, who
in turn was succeeded by Father Burns in 1865, assistant to Father
Hamilton at LaFayette. Father Burns it was that in 1866 built
small frame churches, 20x45, ^^ each mission, and they were dedi-
cated by the Right Rev. Bishop Dwenger that same year. In
1867, the missions were assigned to Father Iving, of Winamac and
Pulaski, until in 1869, when they were attached to Rensselaer, where
Father Stefan was chaplain of the Orphans' home. He attended
these and other missions until 1877, haxing in the meantime moved
to San Pierren, and in that year the two missions were attached to
1413)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
Reynolds and the history of the succession of their pastors is
identical with that of the latter congregation. The mission of
Francesville bids fair to become in time a prosperous congrega-
tion. Its membership has well been doubled in the last two years
by prosperous immigrant farmers, especially from Illinois, all of
whom take a lively interest in the parish. Their aspirations are
now for a larger church and a resident pastor, which will undoubt-
edly be realized in the near future, as each has a membership of
about twenty-five families and the latter especially is on the
increase.
At Monticello, also, there is a small church and four lots,
donated by Martin Witz (now a fallen-off Catholic), but no serv-
ices are held there, as the people worship at St. Joseph's at Rey-
nolds, although interest is being promoted by Hon. State Senator
Thomas O'Connor, of that place, in favor of a more suitable loca-
tion and a new church. May God bless all such endeavors.
RICHLAND TOWNSHIP, BENTON COUNTY.
St. Anthony's Parish, in Richland township, Benton county,
was organized in 1872, by a body of Catholics who were then
attending divine services at Kentland, in Newton county, Anthony
Dehner donating land for a church site and being one of the prin-
cipal and most active members of the new organization. The
young congregation was attended for some time from Kentland,
but now has its resident priest, in the person of the Rev. Joseph
Bilstein, who also ministers to the small congregation of St. Peter
and Paul's, at Goodland, in Newton county. The congregation of
St. Anthony's are mostly Germans, are thrifty, have kept the
church free from debt, and this year, 1898, are making many
improvements.
RICHMOND, W^AYNE COUNTY.
The first St. Andrew's church at Richmond, Ind., was erected
in 1846, and its first pastor was Rev. Father Ryan. In May,
1849, Rev. William Doyle became its second pastor, and in August,
1853, he was succeeded by Rev. John B. Merl, who remained
until June, 1858. In the meantime, about 1854, the church was
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
dedicated by Bishop de la Hailandiere, who had donated $500 on
condition that the church be built of brick. There were present
on this occasion, Rev. Andrew Bennett, of Dover, Dearborn
county, and Rev. James F. Wood, later archbishop of Philadel-
phia. The congregation was next under the char<(e of Rev. Henry
Peters, who remained until. March, 1859, and from that date to
December, 1859, the conj^rcf^ation was visited by Rev. G. H.
Ostlauf^enber^ from Brookville. December 25, 1859, Rev. J. B.
H. Seepe was appointed resident pastor and remained until Sep-
tember, 1868. This worthy priest, the year after his cominj.;,
erected the present church-edifice, 120X 60 feet, and in 1865 built
a new school-house, and in 1867 bouj^ht twelve acres for ceme-
tery purposes. From November, 1.S68, until 1877, Rev. Ferdi-
nand Hundt became pastor. Durinj^ his incumbency the church
tower was finished in 1870, and the cemetery ground improved
and a beautiful crucifixion group erected. The number of pupils
now attending the school, under instruction of a lay teacher and
five Sisters of St. Francis, reaches 300. The present pastor of St.
Andrew's is the Rev. J. J. Macke.
St. Mary's Church. — In i860, the English-speaking Catholics
of Richmond separated from their German-speaking brethren,
with whom they had been worshiping in St. Andrew's church, and
bought a church property, that had been used by English Luther-
ans, of Louis Burke, for $8,000, to be paid in installments of
$1,000 a year, and this church soon began to look like a Catholic
church.
For a short time previously St. Mary's church was visited by
Rev. John Contin, and after him by Rev. John Gueguen. In October,
i860, a resident pastor was appointed in the person of Rev. Aug.
Merz, who from there also attended Centerville, Washington and
Hagerstown, in Wayne county, and New Castle and Middletown,
in Henry county. He remained until September, 1863, when Rev.
J. M. Villers succeeded him. The next pastor was the Rev.
Francis Moitrier, who resigned in October, 1872, when Rev. D. J.
McMullen succeeded.
When Rev. Father McMulJen assumed charge of St. Mary's
(415)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
congregation in October, 1872, it was heavily burdened with debt,
but his superior administrative abilities enabled him to soon set
affairs in order. He united the people in one line of thought and
in one purpose; canceled the pecuniary obligations, and, beside,
has since purchased $8,000 worth of property. In 1891 he bought
the land at the corner of Seventh and North Ninth streets, where
the present church-edifice stands, 120x45 feet, and through his
instrumentality the congregation contributed the funds to pay for
the land and improvements. The rest of the square he himself
purchased, in order to preserve the integrity of the church grounds,
and on this part of the square stands the school-house, with a
frontage of 240 feet on Seventh street. The congregation now
numbers over 200 families and the school attendance 208 pupils,
and this prosperous condition is almost entirely the result of the
earnest pastor's untiring zeal and labor. Beside caring for the
spiritual and temporal welfare of St. Mary's congregation. Father
McMullen attends the missions at Fountain City, north, and Cen-
terville, west of Richmond, at each of which stations a few Cath-
olic families reside.
RIPLEY COUNTY.
St. Magdalen's congregation, in Ripley county, was organized
about 1846, but in 1844, 1845 and 1846 it was visited as a station
from Indianapolis, Madison and Scipio. In 1847 Rev. Alphonse
Munschina had charge, and it was really he who solidified the
infant congregation, and attended for five years. In 1855-56 St.
Magdalen's was visited from Madison, then for three years from;
St. Ann's, Rev. J. M. Missi coming from the latter place. The
first resident pastor was the Rev. H. J. Seibertz, who took charge
in 1865 or 1866, and labored faithfully until 1871, and the second
resident priest. Rev. J. P. Gillig, also labored zealously and with
great success for si.x years. The present and third resident pastor,
Rev. Andrew Michael, was placed in charge in 1878. He was
born February 18, 1832, and was ordained priest December 8,
1859, since which time he has been an ardent servant of the
church.
The congregation of St. Magdalen's now numbers 124 families,.
IN THE STATE Ol" INDIANA.
and the number of children attending the parochial school averages
ninety-six.
KOCKNILI.E, I'ARKE COUNTY.
St. Joseph's Church. — Rev. L. Lalumiere, at one time, was
the only priest Bishop Ih'ute had in his entire diocese, which in-
cluded the whole of Indiana and a portion of the state of Illinois,
and in 1842 Father Lalumiere was the first to attend to the
spiritual needs of the scattered Catholics of Parke county. Rev.
Father Ryan, of Illinois, also made ministerial visits at an early
day. Father Lalumiere, however, was the first to read mass in
Rockvillc, and this service was performed, in 1854, in an old log
house, the property of Martin Ryan. The same year services were
also held by him in what was Rockville's first school-house — a
little log hut on John Sillman's place. At that time John Broderick,
a railroad contractor, was at work on the old Evansville & Craw-
fordsville railway, and this mass was attended by him and crew,
and so numerous were the persons present, both Catholic and
Protestant, that the good father was compelled to erect his altar
outside the little school-house and hold the service in open air.
In 1855 services were held at Leatherwood, in the house of a Mr.
Weldon, on what was called Butler's place. In 1856 Father
Highland officiated in the bakery of a Mr. Hannigan — a small
brick building on the site of the present Tribune printing office.
As late as 1861, Father Highland, who had his charge at Green-
castle, celebrated mass in the house of John Barry, not far from
the present Christian church, and for a long time mass was read at
various private residences, such as those of James Kinney, Mr.
Raggett and Patrick Reardon, Father Highland remaining about a
week at a time. At Montezuma he held services in the old log
house of James Reardon, which is still standing. From 1861 to
1869 Rockville and Montezuma were ministered to by Benedictine
Fathers — Right Rev. Fintan Mundwiler, O. S. B., late abbot at
St. Meinrad, Ind., Rev. Chrysostome FofYa, O. S. B., and Rev.
Bede O'Connor, O. S. B.
In 1867 Rev. Meinrad McCarty, O. S. B., known as the
"Church Builder," from St. Mary's of the Woods, Vigo county,
"(417)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
officiated every sixth week, and succeeded in effecting a permanent
church organization. He purchased lot No. 4, in the West addition
to Rockville, from a Mr. Blackledge, on which was a carpenter
shop, and the frame work of a house, used in the construction of a
church in Montezuma, the consideration being $1,000. The church
at Rockville was dedicated as the church of the Immaculate Con-
ception; that at Montezuma was named in honor of the Nativity of
the Blessed Virgin Mary. From 1869 to 1878 Terre Haute sup-
plied the clergyman — notably, Rev. H. Alerding, then assistant
pastor of St. Joseph's, Terre Haute, and now pastor of St. Joseph's,
Indianapolis. In 1872 the Franciscan Fathers (O. M. C.) assumed
charge of St. Joseph's at Terre Haute, and from these fathers came
the ministers to Rockville and Montezuma until 1876 or 1877, and
about the latter year Father Quinlan took the initial steps toward
settling a resident priest in these missions by building a parsonage
of four rooms at Montezuma, and here begins the history of St.
Joseph parish proper.
February i, 1878, Rev. T. O'Donaghue was appointed the
first resident priest at Montezuma, and zealously discharged his
duties until October 16, 1879, when he was succeeded by Revs.
Riehle and McBarron, of St. Mary's of the 'Woods, Vigo county,
who, in December of the same year, were succeeded by Rev.
Father Kintrup, who erected a belfry and secured a bell for the
Montezuma church; but an unhappy fate attended this holy man,
which must briefly be narrated. The night of March 30, 1882,
when crossing the railroad bridge over the Wabash river, for which
no provision had been made for foot-passengers, he was overtaken
by a train of cars, and in his effort to avoid it. missed his foothold
and perished in the stream beneath. His body was found next
morning about two miles above Clinton, and interred in tl^.e ceme-
tery at Armiesburg. After this sad event the pulpit at Montezuma
was supplied by a line of pious and worthy priests, including Revs.
Fathers Pierrard, Joseph, Boever, D. Swagers, McEvoy, T. W.
Cosgrove, and again by McEvoy and Joseph (O. M. C), John Cof-
fey and P. Nix, up to 1886, when the church at Rockville was
erected. Of these reverend fathers it may be mentioned, in pass-
ing, that the incumbency of Father Cosgrove was very brief, as he
(4iyr
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
assumed his charge in March, 1884. and was suddenly summoned to
the home of the blessed, from the home of Martin Ryan, after a
pastorate of ninety da5's only.
In the fall of 1886 the energetic and zealous Father Nix
erected the present church edifice in Rockville, at a cost of nearly
$2,000. In July, 1887, this building was consecrated to God and
named m honor of St. Joseph, by the Right Rev. Msgnr. Besso-
nies. Father Nix, the first pastor, was soon thereafter transferred
to Bodie, Cal., and died in San Francisco in July, 1893. Revs.
Fathers McEvoy and Joseph, O. M. C, next ministered at Rock-
ville and Montezuma until July, 1889, when the Rev. Joseph T.
Bauer, then living at St. Mary's, was placed in spiritual charge of
the Catholic popula ion of the counties of Parke and Vermillion
and the extreme northeastern portion of Vigo county. Beside the
parsonage this reverend and faithful pastor erected in 1891, he
organized a permanent and thriving Sunday-school, a choir and
the usual church societies, all of which are in prosperous condi-
tion. The congregation is now attended by priests from Clinton.
ROME CITY, NOBLE COUNTY.
St. Peter's Church at Rome City is a mission of the church of
the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin at Avilla, and was organized
in 1893 by Rev. D. Duehmig; the church building, 36 x 40 feet,
was dedicated Sunday, October 3, 1893, by Bishop Richter, of
Grand Rapids. Mich., Father Brammer, of Fort Wayne, preaching
the dedicatory sermon. The cost of the building was about $2,-
300. It is a neat little structure— almost a miniature of St. Peter's,
at Rome, Italy. This mission is attended only in summer season,
or on especial occasions, the place being a beautiful resort, where
many prominent Catholics have cottages, and during this time of
year the attendance is quite large.
RUSHVILLE, RUSH COUNTY.
The Church of Mary Immaculate at Rushville has a strong
and progressive parish whose spiritual needs are carefully guarded
and preserved by Rev. Father T. X. Logan, who has erected one
of the most handsome and costly new houses of worship in the
~(4l9)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
state. The early history of this church was one of struggle and
difficulty, but out of its primitive vicissitudes it emerged grandly,
all the stronger for the conflict, and more effectually equipped for
the duties of a permanent establishment.
About the year 1850, the early missionaries visited this section
and established a mission chapel in the western part of the town.
Here intermittent mission services were held until the year 1868,
when Rev. Father McMullen, now of Richmond, Ind. , was installed
as the first regular pastor. Father Peters had caused to be erected
in 1857 a small frame church near the spot occupied by the pres-
ent house of worship, and, under his spiritual direction, the welfare
of the church advanced largely. In the latter part of the year
1868 came Rev. Father D. J. McMullen, who was the first resident
pastor, the church having by that time grown in numerical impor-
tance to a point that the constant and personal services of a resi-
dent priest were required. For four years he ministered to the
spiritual needs of this congregation, and was succeeded October i,
1872, by Rev. Father Leo Adams, whose ministry continued until
January, 1875. Then came Rev. Father E. J. Spelman, now of
Cambridge City, Ind., who continued here until June, 1880. Under
his pastorate the present parochial residence was built, and the
affairs of the church materially advanced. Father Spelman was
succeeded by Rev. J. J. Macke, of Aurora, Ind., who remained here
until in February, 1888. It was under his direction that the excel-
lent parochial school and Sister's home were erected. He was
succeeded by the present beloved pastor. Rev. Father T. X. Logan.
ST. JOHN, LAKE COUNTY.
St. John the Evangelist Parish, at St. John, was for many
years a mission, with no house of worship, but in 1842 the con-
gregation erected a small frame church building about one-half
mile southeast of the site of the present church-edifice. The
parish was properly organized, in 1846, by Father Fisher, and a
large log church was erected to accommodate the rapidly increas-
ing membership, and the small frame building was converted into
a school-house. In 1855 the membership had increased to no
families, and it was found necessary to demolish the log church,
(420r
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
which was done in 1857. and a handsome structure erected in its
stead.
Father Fisher was succeeded at St. John's, at unrecorded dates,
by Rev. Francis Antonio Carius, and he by the Holy Cross Fathers
of Notre Dame — Cointet and SchilHng. They were followed by
Rev. Bernard E. Vours, in 1854; Rev. Andrew Tusch, in 1858;
then came Rev. Jacob Mayer, who was succeeded by Rev. B.
Rachor, who remained twelve years and was succeeded by the
present pastor. Rev. Anthony Heitmann, who was born in Olden-
burg. Germany, September 19, 1832, was there educated, but was
ordained at Fort Wayne, Ind., by Bishop Luers, March 25, 1865.
For five and a half years. Father Heitmann was assistant at St.
Mary's church, and in October, 1870. was placed in his pres-
ent position of pastor of St. John's. Here he has labored most
zealously and has greatly advanced the prosperity of his church
and congregation. The present valuation of the church property
is placed at $23,000, the parsonage costing $10,000; and the
grounds belonging to the congregation comprise about six acres,
the cemetery being at the side of the church-edifice. The school,
attended by 140 pupils, is in charge of four lay teachers.
ST. Joseph's hill, clark county.
St. Joseph's Church, at St. Joseph's Hill, has a history dating
back, possibly, to 1850. There was a church-building in the
place, it is well known, before there was a priest to officiate. In
1853 a frame church, 65x27 feet, was built, and Father Bessonies
was the first to offer up the Holy Sacrifice at St. Joseph's Hill.
The exact date is not obtainable from the records, nor can he
remember it.
After Father Bessonies the place was occasionally visited until
i860 by Rev. Fathers Faller and Weutz, of Annunciation church,
New Albany. After them came Rev. Father Michael, who was
the first resident pastor of the place. He remained from i860
until January, 1864, and built the present brick parsonage at a
cost of over $2,000. He was succeeded by Rev. H. Panzer, who
had charge of the congregation from 1865 until 1873. He built
the parish school-house and Sisters' residence at an outlay of
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
$2,000. Rev. Joseph Dickmann took charge May 28^ 1873. He
continued the enterprise of his predecessors and was ably seconded
by the people in his efforts to pay off the debts and make necessary
and creditable improvements. In 1880 he built the splendid brick
church which now is a monument to the liberality of the people of
St. Joseph's, and a credit to the good taste and zeal of their pastor.
From the eminence of the parish grounds it overlooks the valley
and the railroad, and has its beauty reflected by the long range of
high hills to the north and west. With material, etc., at first cost,
its construction and interior finish occasioned an outlay of only
$10,000, while as a whole it is good value for considerably over
$18,000. Its pulpit and altar-railing are not surpassed anywhere
in the diocese.
The church is built of brick, is 50x115 feet in dimensions,
and its spire, surmounted by a golden cross, reaches a height of
130 feet. The parish grounds comprise ten acres, and the part
immediately in front of the church is used as the cemetery. The
entire property of the congregation is valued at about $27,000,
with no debts. The schools are taught by the Sisters of St.
Francis, and about 105 children attend them. There are over 125
families, mostly Germans, in the parish, the great majority of
them being farmers who own their own lands and are as com-
fortably circumstanced as they are remarkably generous to the
church and devoted to their faith.
The present pastor is the Rev. John Joseph M. Gabriel,
whose life-sketch will be found in the second volume of this work.
ST. LEON, DEARBORN COUNTY.
St. Joseph's Church, at St. Leon. — From the records are
gleaned the following facts in relation to this parish. The first priest
who officiated for the people was Rev. William Engel, in 1845.
His successor was Rev. Andrew Bennett, from 1846 to December,
1851; next was Rev. H. A. Stahl, from 185 1 to 1852; next was
Rev. A. Pinkers, from 1854 to April 21, 1855, and next was Rev.
H. Koering, till July, i860; next was Rev. Leo, O. S. F., from St.
Peter's, till December, i860. Father Scheideler came next and
remained from December, i860, to July 19, 1874, an administra-
(422)
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
tion of fourteen years. Whilst here he erected the present church,
1 20 .X 58 feet, with aspire 120 feet high, and placed in three bells,
three altars and a pipe-organ, and erected the school-building of
two stories, eighty feet front and forty feet wide. There are two
school-rooms, and a dwelling for the Franciscan Sisters, of whom
there are three — -two as teachers and one as attendant. The next
pastor was Rev. John Gabriel, from July, 1874, to November,
1896, and after him came Rev. Adam Feigen, the present active
and enthusiastic priest.
ST. Peter's, franklin county.
St. Peter's Church, in Franklin county, was erected in 1853,
at a cost of about $5,000, and is about 104 feet in depth, by forty-
six feet front, with side-walls thirty-one feet high; is of Gothic archi-
tecture exteriorly and interiorly, and is one of the most pictur-
esque, its size considered, of any church-edifice in the diocese. It
was consecrated the same year in which it was erected, and for
several years was in the care of different clergymen until 1882,
when Rev. William Kemper succeeded Rev. Leo Osredkar.
Under the pastorate of Rev. William Kemper a new rectory
was built, at a cost of $2,200, and also the sanctuary, and the
church redecorated. Father Kemper retired in July, 1886, and in
August, following, was succeeded by Rev. Ferdinand Hundt, who
remained until April, 1890, but his ministrations were not attended
by any remarkable results, and until February, 1891, the congre-
gation was without a pastor. At this date Rev. Joseph A. Fleisch-
mann, who had hitherto been rector at St. Celestine, Dubois county,
was appointed pastor of St. Peter's, and is the present incumbent
of the pastorate.
At the organization of St. Peter's, the congregation consisted
of seven families only, but at the present time it consists of 130
families. In 1892 new and enlarged stained-glass windows were
placed in the church, at a cost of $998, and the steeple repaired
and remodeled; new sacristies were introduced in 1896, at a cost
of $600, and in 1897 ^ new communion railing, costing $150,
and a large furnace, for heating the auditorium, was also put in
place.
"(428)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
The school attached to the church was organized by Rev.
WilHam Engler, with ten pupils, who were educated in a small
room in a private house; then a small log school-house was erected,
but this, a short time afterward, was destroyed by fire. In 1875
the present brick school-house was erected at a cost of $3,000.
This school-house contains two rooms, and the pupils now enrolled
number 120.
Rev. Joseph Aloj'sius Fleischmann, pastor of St. Peter's
church, is a native of Lachen, Switzerland, was born September
14, 1846, and is a son of Jacob Henry and Mary Ann (Haemmerly)
Fleischmann, natives of the same country. Rev. Joseph Aloysius
Fleischmann was educated at St. Meinrad's Theological seminary,
in Spencer county, Ind., and, after being ordained priest, filled
several pastorates with much credit to himself and benefit to his
flocks, and in February, 1891, was appointed to the charge of the
church at St. Peter's, where his labors have been as untiring
as elsewhere in his earlier days, and have met with phenomenal
results.
ST. VINCENT DE PAUL PARISH, ALLEN COUNTY.
St. Vincent de Paul Parish, of Washington township, Allen
county, six miles north of Fort Wayne, was organized in 1859, and
the present church erected in 1861 under the auspices of Rev.
Father Adam, the congregation at that time being composed almost
exclusively of French families. The church-building was erected
through the energy and devotion of Father Adam, who held charge
of the parish for a few years and was succeeded by several others
until Rev. A. E. LaFontaine was placed in charge.
Father LaFontaine was born in Montreal, Canada, in April.
1867, a son of Toissaint LaFontaine, and until nineteen years of
age attended the college of the Assumption, in the province of Que-
bec, in order to prepare himself for the priesthood. He then went
to Genoa, Italy, where he finished his philosophical and theolog-
ical courses of study, and was ordained in holy orders June 11,
1892, for the diocese of Toronto, Canada, where he was stationed
until May, 1895. when he was transferred to Fort Wayne, Ind.,
where he served as an assistant in the cathedral until July, 1897,
(424)
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
when he was placed in charge of St. Vincent de Paul, his present
charge, with the missions of Leo, eight miles northeast, and St.
Michael's, five miles east. Father LaFontaine's congregation num-
bers about seventy-two families, over whom he exercises the most
salutary care and whose love and respect for him are made mani-
fest at all times. The pastoral residence and church-building are
on a lot of two acres and the cemetery grounds occupy a lot of
about three acres and is well cared for.
ST. WENDEL, POSEY COUNTY.
Prior to December, 1841, mass had been celebrated in St.
Wendel parish from the time of its creation in the home of Martin
Kohl, but in Christmas week of the year mentioned the congrega-
tion, composed of twenty families, prepared the material and
erected within five days a log structure as a house of worship.
This chapel was regularly visited by Rev. Ramon Weinzoepfel
until May, 1842, and in October of the same year Rev. Conrad
Schneiderjans became the first resident pastor, enjoying the
hospitality of Mr. Kohn until a primitive log cabin was erected for
his home, and here he remained until the fall of 1845, when he
was called by the bishop to Vincennes, after which St. Wendel
was occasionally visited by Revs. Charles Oppermann and Martin
Stohl until April, 1846, when Father Weinzoepfel returned to the
mission.
Rev. Father W^einzoepfel labored hard for the improvement
of his parish and the church property. The little log building had
now become too small for the growing congregation, and steps
were taken for the erection of a new church. The material was
mostly donated, a subscription of $5,000 was raised, and April 17,
1853, Bishop de St. Palais laid the corner-stone. Rev. Leonard
Brandt preaching the German and Rev. Bede O'Connor the Eng-
lish sermon. October 22, 1854, Bishop de St. Palais, assisted by
Father Weinzoepfel, Revs. E. J. Durbin, of Kentucky, A. Deydier,
J. B. Chasse, Bede O'Connor and Ulrich Christen, solemnly con-
secrated the new structure to the worship of God. The cost of
this building, exclusive of material and labor, was $5,600. Jan-
uary I, 1857, Father Weinzoepfel took possession of the pastoral
26
(425)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
residence, and the same year additional donations of ground were
made, a barn erected, a steeple for the church built, a bell pur-
chased, and also a painting of the patron saint.
In 1858 Father Weinzoepfel asked for a change of field, and
this request was granted, the bishop appointing him, August 17,
pastor of New Alsace. From September 6, 1858, until February
8, 1863, Rev. Paul Wagner was pastor; Rev. J. Kauffman, from
April 6, 1863, to March 24, 1865; Rev. J. H. Diestel, from April
25 to September 27, 1865; Rev. M. Andres, from December 10,
1865, till June 26, 1867, and during his pastorate a brick parsonage
of nine rooms was erected; Rev. J. B. Merl attended from Septem-
ber 22 to December 5. 1867; Rev. Charles Exel, from December
19, 1867, to March 4, 1871; Father Merl again attended until Feb-
ruary 18, 1872; Rev. Nicholas Galweiler was resident pastor from
March 3, 1872, to August 10, 1873, and in this brief period a brick
school-house of two rooms and a dwelling for the teacher were
erected; Rev. Aloysius Danenhoffer was pastor from September 7,
1873, to September 28, 1878, and in his time were built a kitchen for
the teacher's house and a barn, new church bells were bought and
a furnace placed in the church; from October 6, 1878, to June,
1879, visits were made by Revs. Joseph Schenk and John Stolz,
and June 6, 1879, the present efficient pastor, Rev. Michael Heck,
was placed in charge.
Since the incumbency of Father Heck a wonderful change has
taken place at St. Wendel. He has effected an entire transforma-
tion of the interior of the church by introducing a costly altar, hard-
wood pews, rich paintings of Bible scenes, new frescoes, a superb
pulpit on the north side of the auditorium, marble fonts, and fresh
slating for the roof of the edifice, as well as the erection of new
school-buildings, and so increased the value of the church property
that it is now valued at $30,000.
The schools of St. Wendel have by no means been neglected.
The first classes were taught by F. W. Pepersack during the pas-
torate of Rev. Father Weinzoepfel, but it was not until the incom-
ing of Father Heck that the schools were truly vitalized. In March,
1884, he broke ground for a fine two-story brick school-house,
70x70 feet, and this was completed in August of the same year
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
at a cost of $8,000. This school is in charge of three Sisters of St.
Francis as teachers, but, of course, Father Heck gives it his per-
sonal supervision. The attendance numbers 150 pupils, while the
church membership includes 170 families, with a total attendance
at worship of 940 souls. That the pious and venerated Father
Heck has been efficient, faithful and constant to his duties and
energetic in his labors for the welfare of the church, and especially
that of his parishioners, is too obvious to need comment, but he
finds, to a great extent, his reward in the love and honor rendered
him by his flock and the well-deserved approbation of his superiors.
SCHEREKVILLE, LAKE COUNTY.
St. Michael's Church at Schererville was erected in 1874 at a
cost of $5,000, and is one of the prettiest little church edifices in
northwestern Indiana. Rev. F. A. King was the second pastor of
this church and remained in charge two years, after which Rev.
Father Bonthe officiated for five months only, when he was suc-
ceeded by Father Deisnel, who carefully guarded the flock for four
years. Father William Berg, the present able pastor, was then
placed in charge and has done an immense amount of good work
in elevating the spiritual condition of his flock and in improving
its temporal affairs. The school of St. Michael's parish is attended
by forty pupils, who are under the tuition of two Franciscan Sis-
ters of the Sacred Heart.
SCHNELLVILLE, DUBOIS COUNTY.
Sacred Heart Church at Schnellville was erected about 1869.
The first mass in the parish was read in 1867 by Rev. Placidus
Zarn, O. S. B., at the residence of Henry Schnell, who founded
the village in 1866, after his return from the Civil war. A frame
structure was blessed by the Very Rev. Prior Martin Marty, O.
S. B., and Rev. Father Kraus became the first resident pastor.
He erected the priest's house, which stood until April 24, 1898,
when it was destroyed by fire, with all the personal property of the
priest, including his library. The parish is situated eleven miles
southeast of Jasper and thirteen miles northepst of Huntingburg,
and the land, comprising ten acres, was donated by Henry Schnell,
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
who was the prime mover in establishing the parish, and this land
lies in one of the most beautiful spots of the village. A fair cash
valuation of the church property, at this time, would reach $5,000.
Rev. Gustave Michael Ginnsz, the present pastor and one of
the oldest and best-known priests of Indianapolis, was placed in
charge of the Sacred Heart church in July, 1896, and has faith-
fully labored here, as he has done elsewhere, for the welfare of his
parishioners and the glory of his church. His congregation num-
bers about seventy families and a branch of the Catholic Knights
of America numbers nineteen. This society is of^cered as follows:
President, August Blume ; corresponding secretary, Maurice Fritz;
financial secretary. John Block ; treasurer, Garrett Welp ; state
organizer, Frank Block. Meetings take place twice each month.
The school attached to the church was established years ago and
is under the direction of three Benedictine Sisters, who have under
their instruction about eighy-five pupils.
SEYMOUR, JACKSON COUNTY.
St. Ambrose Church, of Seymour, is located at the corner of
Chestnut and South streets. The village was inhabited by Cath-
olics as early as 1852, and the first church, a frame structure, was
(3rected in 1856. The spiritual wants of the early Catholics were
attended to by different clergymen from Jeffersonville, Buena Vista
and Columbus. In 1870. owing to the rapid growth of membership,
the original church proved far too small, and was replaced by the
present spacious and substantial edifice.
In 1873 the congregation received its first resident pastor in
the person of the Rev. A. A. Schenk, whose pastorate extended
over a period of fourteen years. In 1874 St. Ambrose academy,
an imposing building, was constructed at a cost of $10,000. In
1880 a pastoral residence was purchased for the consideration of
$1,000. In 1884 the church was enlarged at an expenditure of
about $4,000. In 1887, Rev. Father Schenk was transferred to
St. Joseph. Vanderburg county, Ind. , and was succeeded by the
present incumbent, the Rev. C. J. Conrad.
During the administration of Rev. Father Conrad the congre-
gation has signally prospered. The debt of $7,200, contracted in
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
former years, has been reduced to $1,700. The church property
was enclosed by an iron fence at an expense of $315; the interior
of the church has been perceptibly improved by being frescoed at
a cost of $535, new cathedral glass windows, costing $520, and
three new altars with appurtenances, entailing an expenditure of
$1,040. In the year 1891 a handsome new pastoral residence was
erected at an outlay of $2,600. The steeple of the church is i i 5
feet high. The parochial school is conducted by the Sisters of
Providence, and the average attendance is about 100 pupils, to
whom both secular and religious education is imparted. The two
leading societies in connection with the church are St. Ambrose
Benevolent society and the Young Men's institute, the former hav-
ing been founded in 1873, while the latter organized in 1895.
SHELBYVILLE, SHELBY COUNTY.
St. Joseph's Church. — As earl}' as 1850 Catholic services
were held at Shelby ville, Ind., in private dwellings and in the few
public halls in the town, but it was not until about 1865 that the
congregation felt itself justified in taking steps for the erection of
a church edifice. At that date, Rev. J. P. Gillig purchased a lot
on East Broadway, and the 6th day of August, 1867, on the feast
of the Transfiguration, ground was broken for a foundation for the
contemplated building under the supervision of Rev. William
Doyle, who superintended the work of construction to the point
where the building was inclosed, the floors laid, the windows put
in place, and the structure roofed, and the first mass celebrated in
June, 1868. About this time, also, dif^culties began to arise from
want of funds to meet the indebtedness already incurred; suit was
brought against the congregation and judgment rendered against
it by the court, and the building disposed of at sheriff's sale Feb-
ruary 19, 1870.
In the meanwhile, Rev. Francis Joseph Rudolf had been
appointed pastor of St. Joseph's by the Very Rev. Father Corbe,
and the new pastor set diligently to work to raise the means for
putting in a ceiling, erecting a steeple and gallery, securing a bell,
raising the sanctuary and adding necessary furniture — the debt at
this time amounting to $2,700. In 1873 a school lot was added,
~(429j
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
a school-building erected, and the Sisters from Oldenburg began
teaching, and all things moved smoothly on until 1881, when
Father Rudolf was transferred to Connersville, and Rev. Joseph
Torbeck appointed to the pastorate of St. Joseph's. The school
property was held by Father Rudolf, and this the congregation
purchased from him on the advent of the new pastor. In 1883, a
tract of land was purchased for a cemetery. In 1886, Father Tor-
beck was transferred to New Alsace, Ind., and Rev. J. A. Kaelin
was placed in charge of the St. Joseph congregation.
Up to this date, St. Joseph's, at Shelbyville, had been
attached to St. Vincents, Prescott, Ind., as a mission, but now
St. Joseph's was created a parish and a mission at Acton attached.
The first improvement made by Father Kaelin was a parsonage. A
change made in the location of the railroad switch at Shelbyville
proved to be damaging to the church property, and a piece of land
was added to the church grounds, to the school grounds and to the
parsonage lot. In 1895 ^^^ cemetery was abandoned, and very
convenient and most desirable grounds, on the very edge of the
town, adjoining Forest Hill, the city cemetery, was purchased for
$1,500. These grounds comprise five acres, and on October 31,
1895, the deed was signed, grading immediately commenced, and
the work of disinterment at the old, and re-interment in the new
cemetery was begun December 14, the first corpse to be removed
being that of the child of A. Minster. February 4, 1896, the
I loth and the last corpse was transferred, it being the son of
Henry Sander. April 30, 1897, a monument, twenty-live feet in
height, representing the crucifixion, was erected at the new cem-
etery, facing the most frequented thoroughfare entering the city.
This monument is of Bedford stone; the image of the Savior was
carved in Brooklyn, N. Y., and is very imposing and suggestive to
the traveled person of a cemetery outside the walls of an old city
in Italy or Spain.
The real estate of the parish, however, is still unsatisfactorily
situated, it being divided by an alley and a lot between the church
and the school grounds. The project for the erection of a new
church-building, which for some time past has been in contempla-
tion, cannot therefore be consummated, owing to this unfortunate
(430r
IN THE STATl': OI" INDIANA.
circumstance, but the design will no doubt be carried out in the
near future.
The families constituting the congregation of St. Joseph, at the
time of the building of the church in 1867, numbered about thirty-
five; they now number 175. The societies to the church com-
prise St. Ann's Ladies' Altar society, established by Rev. J. P.
Gillig in 1865; the Young Ladies' sodality of the commandery of
Knights, the league of the Sacred Heart, and William Tell com-
mandery of the Knights of St. John, No. 178 (the latter with a
membership of thirty), and all in flourishing circumstances and
zealous in their work.
SHELDON, ALLEN COUNTY.
St. Aloysius' Church at Sheldon had its origin about 1858,
in the autumn of which year Rev. Jacob Mayer, of Decatur, began
visiting the scattered Catholics living in the neighborhood. He
first held services at the residence of Frederick Weaver, in Pleas-
ant township, and the year following it was agreed among the
faithful that a small church should be erected. The Miller and
Harber families, pioneers of the neighborhood, took upon them-
selves the charge of building a structure of frame, 29x36 feet, and
Christian Miller donated three acres of land for church purposes.
In 1878 an additional acre was purchased for a cemetery.
Rev. J. Mayer was succeeded as pastor of this mission by
Rev. M. Ivink, and he by Rev. A. L. Meile, and then followed
Revs. T. Hibbelen, \\'. Woeste, and J. Nussbaum. During the
administration of the last named, the church was enlarged and a
spire erected, at a cost of $1,500. The first resident pastor was
Rev. F. Koerdt, who took charge July 30, 1876. decorated the
interior of the church and also paid off an outstanding debt of
$400. October 17, 1876, he opened a school, with thirty-eight
pupils, in a little frame building, and in 1877 completed a pastoral
residence at a cost of $4,000. In 1882, a two-story brick school-
house was erected, also at a cost of $4,000, and this is now
attended by about sixty pupils, under charge of three Sisters of St.
Agnes. July 23, 1896, Rev. F. Koerdt was transferred to Fort
"(481)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
Wayne, and was succeeded at Sheldon by the Rev. Rudolph J.
Denk, the present accomplished pastor.
SHOALS, MARTIN COUNTY.
The history of Catholicity at Shoals may be said to have
begun in June, 1853, when Clement J. Horsey deeded lots 59, 60,
61, 101, 102, 103, 104, 47 and 48, to Bishop de St. Palais as a
site for a church. At least, this is the first record in the county
that concerns Catholicity in the town of Shoals, which was then
called Memphis. Mr. Horsey was a non-Catholic, and doubtless
had no motive in making' the donation other than the hope of
financial profit, which he expected to reap from the advanced
price at which he would be enabled to sell the surrounding land,
most of which he then owned, if a church were built in the neigh-
borhood, and in this hope he was not disappointed.
Rev. Father Murphy of St. Mary's visited the place about this
time, and it was he who collected the money with which to pay for
the erection of the first church. His chief contributors were per-
sons who were employed on the O. & M. R. R., which was then
being built, and these same people largely constituted the congre-
gation as first organized in after years. Part of the donated lots
were sold by Father Quinlan for the purpose of buying ground for
a cemetery. This latter is just northeast of the town, adjoining
the town cemeter}'.
In 1869 the church was built by Rev. L. Gueguen (then at
Loogootee). Thomas Hart, a Mr. Kimmiling (who resided at
Shoals temporarily), and Martin Mohr were trustees during the
building of the church. Thomas Gormely was treasurer for a time
at this early period, and Martin Mohr, who was a stonemason,
did much to start and build the church. Trustee Thomas Hart,
whose sons are substantial aiders of the church, deserves to be
mentioned. In fact, all the Catholics residing here were willing
helpers. The church is a neat brick, 60 x 30 feet, and is under
the patronage of St. Louis, the name doubtless being proposed by
the pastor, because of his own Christian name. The two-story
frame pastoral residence stands on two lots facing the church, and
was built by Rev. Father Quinlan, in 1878, at a cost of only $500;
(432r
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
a record made by him shows that $95 of this amount was realized
from a steamboat excursion on the river, less $5 paid to M. Hayes
for advertising in two Washington papers.
The list of priests who attended Shoals, as correctly as now
can be determined (for no records exist previous to 1882), is as
follows: Revs. J. P. Murphy, Philip Doyle, J. Mougin, and Rev.
Kintrup, who attended it from Mitchell. In 1877 came Rev.
Michael Ouinlan, who was the first resident pastor and who
remained until 1882. For brief periods it was attended by Fathers
Sorrel and Burkhardt, of Washington, and Ginnsz, of St. Mary's;
Rev. P. R. Fitzpatrick was there from 1882 to 1887, after which
it was served for about one year by Father Slonie, of St. Martin's.
On September 18, 1888, Rev. J. P. Byrne took charge, also
attended the missions at Salem and Mitchell and during the water-
ing season at French Lick. It may be said his coming marked a
new era in the history of Catholicity here. He caused the ceme-
tery to be put in good order, the church painted exteriorly and
neatly papered inside. A marble plate, with the name of the
church upon it, has been placed over the door and a neat cross
has been put upon the belfry. A choir has been organized and is
making good progress, and the residence repaired and furnished.
Around the church, in the spacious lot, trees were set out by Rich-
ard Hiney. The altar, a neat little one, is Romanesque in style,
and was put in by Father Fitzpatrick. The frame sacristy was
added by Father Ouinlan. Here Father Fichter also did good
work until succeeded by Rev. F. W. Wolf, mention of whom will
be found elsewhere.
SOUTH BEND, ST. JOSEPH COUNTY.
St. Joseph's Church, South Bend, is attended by the oldest
Catholic congregation in the city, which, as early as 1842, was
attended from Notre Dame by the Revs. Sorin, Granger and
Cointet.
September 14, 1852, Very Rev. Edward Sorin purchased from
Samuel Cottrell and his wife, Catherine, lots Nos. 124, 125 and
126. in the town of Lowell, now the city of South Bend, for the
consideration of $250, the deed, in part, providing that the prop-
~(433j
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
erty be used "for the benefit of the CathoHc school of St. Joseph
county, Ind.," and it is now occupied by St. Joseph's parochial
school, the location being at the northeast corner of Water and
Hill streets. In 1853, Father Sorin erected on this property a
brick structure, 22 x 40 feet, for church purposes, but subsequently
it was used as a house of worship and a school-house for girls and
small boys. Mass was read each Sunday for the people of the
town and neighborhood, and once a week for the Sisters and their
pupils, the regular attending pastors being Fathers A. Granger, J.
Bourget and Levique. In 1859, when the old St. Patrick's chi rch
was built, the spiritual wants of St. Joseph's were attended to by
Rev. Father Carroll, on week days, he being at the same time
engaged in organizing St. Patrick's congregation, and on Sundays
services were conducted, in turn, by Fathers Bourget, Carrier.
Neyron, Hartlang, Lemonnier, Doherty and L'Etourneau. Up to
i860, all baptisms, marriages, burials, etc., were recorded in the
churches where the ceremonies were performed, since which date
these records, properly belonging to St. Joseph's, have been kept
by this church.
In 1862, a frame building, 18x26, was erected at the north-
west corner of South Bend avenue and Notre Dame street for
school purposes, and in September, 1866, a subscription was taken
up by Rev. J. L. L'Etourneau for the purpose of erecting a new
church, the result being that three lots on the southeast corner of
Water and Hill streets were donated by Alexis Coquillard, and a
frame church-building, 40x60 feet, completed in November, 1868,
at a cost of $1,385.76.
Rev. Julius Frere shortly afterward succeeded Father
L'Etourneau, and September 2, 1869, gave a concert in Good's
opera house, from proceeds of which he built a sacristy the same
month, in a room of which he lived, and became, in fact, the first
resident pastor. About the same time he removed the frame
school-house from the hill to the site of the present parochial resi-
dence.
In January, 1870, Father Frere was succeeded by Rev. G.
Demers, who of^ciated until the eve of Christmas, 1872, when the
church and priest's house burned to the ground. The congrega-
(434r
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
ti(Hi now returned for services to their primitive chapel, the school
children were sent to the vSisters' school, and the school-house
sold for a private dwelling.
In the spring of 1873, Father Demers was succeeded by Rev.
Peter Lauth, who at once attempted a monthly collection of funds
with which to build a new church, but, after four such attempts,
the project was abandoned. Finally, the Very Rev. Father Sorin
furnished whatever funds were necessary beyond the amount of
the insurance money of the old church, and a new building, 60 x 30
feet, was erected, and this served for church, school and residence
purposes until 1882.
In the meanwhile, in 1881, the above-named property was
sold to the Sisters of St. Mary's academy for a hospital, and the
corner-stone of the present church-edifice laid the same year, on
the lot formerly occupied by the old church which had been
burned. Its dimensions are 118x45 feet, and was commenced
by Rev. M. P. Fallize, C. S. C, the then pastor, and com-
pleted in August, 1882, and the adjoining house was rented from
Father Sorin for a parochial residence. It had been the intention
to put u]) the structure with funds collected through yearly sub-
scriptions, voluntary donations, and the interest derived from
$4,000, which sum the congregation had invested in the Hill
property; but, whatever the cost might have been, there remained
to be paid eight years later a balance of $13,000. In 1884, a
two-story brick building, 30x60 feet, was erected on the church
property, to serve as a school for boys and as a hall for dramatic
entertainments, the cost of the building being about $4,000; but
the youth of east South Bend were not ripe enough for the drama,
the school was not self-supporting, and, in 1890, the congregation,
tired of paying both interest and rent for the priest's house,
returned the children to the Sisters' school and remodeled the hall
for a home for the pastor.
During these years, from the time of Father Lauth to the
present, the pastors have been Revs. J. L. L'Etourneau, G. De-
mers, P. Veniard, M. Robinson, P. Franciscus, M. Fallize, and
the present able N. J. Stoffel. The congregation numbers about
(435)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
250 families, and is comprised of English, French and German-
speaking people.
St. Patrick's Church, South Bend, was organized in 1858 by
the Rev. Thomas Carroll, C. S. C, there being then about fifty
Irish Catholic families in the town. In 1859 Father Carroll erected
a small brick church, 60x30 feet, and the same year this
was deeded to the Right Rev. J. H. Luers, bishop of Fort \\^ayne,
the people being too poor to pay for it, but Father Carroll made a
trip to New Orleans, La., where he soon collected sufficient money
to pay off the entire debt. Rev. Joseph C. Carrier offtciating during
the interval. Father Carroll continued as pastor until 1864, when
Father Carrier again attended to the spiritual needs of the congre-
gation until early in 1865, when Rev. William Corby took charge
for a few months, during which time he completed the priest's
residence, which had been begun by Father Carroll.
November 18, 1865, Rev. P. P. Cooney became the first resi-
dent priest. During his pastorate he added thirty-six feet to the
church-building, also a wing, 50x32 feet, which was used as a
school-room for boys. This wing was separated from the body of
the church by folding-doors, which, when opened, made one room
of the two rooms and formed for the church the largest auditorium
at that time in South Bend. Father Cooney also established sev-
eral societies for the young and adult members of the parish and
did much other commendable work. In 1866 a school-house for
girls was erected by the Sisters of the Holy Cross and is still flour-
ishing under their wise direction.
March 12, 1871, Father Cooney was withdrawn and Rev. D.
J. Spillard appointed pastor. Father Spillard in 1872 built a two-
story frame school-house for boys, continued as pastor until April,
1874, and was succeeded by Rev. William O'Mahony, who, in
January, 1876, was followed by the Rev. John Lauth, and he, in
December of the same year, by his brother, Rev. Peter Lauth,
who officiated until August, 1880, when Rev. D. J. Hagerty was
appointed pastor. It was at this time that the Right Rev. Bishop
Joseph Dwenger gave the Germans permission to have separate
services on Sunday and latei" to build a church of their own (St.
(iMT
IN THE STATE Ol- INDIANA.
Mary's), an account of which is given on another page of this
volume. High mass was celebrated every Sunday morning at nine
o'clock in St. Patrick's, the sermon in German being preached by
Rev. P. M. Kolopp, at that time the assistant priest. While the
Germans held their services here they rented the pews and had full
use of all the revenues therefrom. The corner-stone of a new church
was laid in May, 1886, the edifice dedicated June 2, 1889, and in
January, 1891, Rev. D. J. Spillard was appointed pastor.
In August, 1893, the present very able pastor, Rev. J. W.
Clarke, C. S. C., was appointed to St. Patrick's. Shortly after-
ward he purchased a piece of land adjoining the school-house for
$2,500 — a most desirable purchase, as the land affords an ample
play-ground for the children. The school is taught by two Brothers
and two Sisters of the Holy Cross from St. Joseph's academy and
two lay teachers. The total number of pupils is about 489 and of
these the girls, 130 in number, are taught in the academy. The
congregation numbers about 200 families and, in addition to these,
Father Clarke has charge of two stations — Crum's Point and Lake-
ville, St. Joseph county. vSeveral societies are connected with the
church, viz: St. Joseph's T. A. B. society, Temperance Cadets,
the Living Rosary, the Arch Confraternity of the Sacred Heart of
Jesus and the Children of Mary and St. Aloysius society. Father
Clarke has indeed proved to be an indefatigable worker and is truly
beloved by his flock.
St. Mary's Church, South Bend. — The congregation of this
church was formed from that of St. Patrick in September, 1881,
by the Rev. Father Kolopp, who, beside being assistant at St.
Patrick's, had a supervision of the few German families who then
• constituted the nucleus of the present St. Mary's parish. Febru-
ary 3, 1882, Rev. Peter Johannes, C. S. C, was appointed pastor,
and at that time the congregation comprised about fifty families.
The energetic and devoted priest worked hard for the improvement
of his flock and the welfare of the parish, and in 1883, aided by
his faithful people, erected a neat frame house of worship, which
is now attended by about 130 families.
In 1884 a school-house was completed and opened in Jan-
"(437)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
uary. with an attendance of twenty-seven pupils, under the instruc-
tion of one lay teacher, but in 1891 this building was enlarged,
and in January, 1895, 210 pupils were in attendance, undercharge
of four Sisters of the Holy Cross, from Assumption academy. The
present attendance is about 250, with teachers as before men-
tioned.
St. Hedwig's Church, South Bend. — The Polish Catholics of
South Bend worshiped in the old St. Patrick's edifice -until 1877
and formed part of St. Patrick's congregation, but, in the year
named, erected a small frame church for their separate use. This
building was demolished by a wind-storm in 1879, but the congre-
gation immediately set to work to erect a more commodious and
substantial church-edifice, and during the process of its erection
again worshiped at St. Patrick's. In 1883 the building was com-
pleted by Rev. Valentine Czyzewski, the present efficient pastor,
who has labored zealously and faithfully to advance the spiritual
welfare of his countrymen and to improve their temporal con-
dition.
In 1884 a brick school-house was erected — the largest in the
city — the number of pupils attending amounting to 860. These
are instructed by three Brothers and five Sisters of the Holy Cross
and three male lay teachers. The personnel of the church may be
mentioned as Rev. Valentine Czyzewski, C. S. C, pastor; Revs.
Anthony Zubowitez and C. Truczynski, assistants, and Brothers
Stanislaus, Robert and Adelbert, teachers. Attached to the church
also is the mission of St. Dominic, at Bremen, Marshall county.
Although the congregation at St. Hedwig's, in 1877, numbered 125
families only, it now numbers at least 850 families — an enormous
increase — due in a great measure to the indefatigable labor and zeal
of the pious and learned pastor. Rev. Valentine Czyzewski, who is
greatly reverenced and beloved by his own people and held in high
respect by the general public of South Bend and the surrounding
country.
SUMMIT, DEKALH COUNTY.
St. Michael's Church, at Summit, was organized, in 1880, by
Rev. Augustus Young, and was dedicated by Right Rev. Bishop
("438)
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
Joseph Dwenger, the congregation at that time numbering about
forty families. This congregation was attended as a mission from
Auburn until 1882, when Rev. P. Fransen was appointed resident
priest, whose death occurred within a year. Summit then again
became a mission of Auburn until 1884, under Rev. M. Benzinger,
who remained until 1897, when he was followed by Rev. Hermann
Jurascheck, the present revered pastor.
The church grounds embrace about one acre of ground, and the
church-building, which was erected in 1880, by Father Young, at a
cost of $2,000, measures 30 x 66 feet — being somewhat enlarged
beyond its original dimensions. In 1888 the church-building at
Waterloo was moved to Summit and is now used as a hall, and the
Catholics of that parish worship at St. Michael's.
TELL CITY, PERRY COUNTY.
St. Paul's Church, Tell City, was founded and laid out by a
Swiss colonization society, in 1858. Tell City is located on the
Ohio river, three miles from Cannelton and four miles from Troy,
and has about 2,500 inhabitants St. Paul's congregation was
organized in 1859, and comprised then about twenty-five families.
It was first attended by Rev. M. Marendt, of Cannelton, until
January, 1861. From January to June, 1861, it was visited by
Rev. J. B. Merl, also of Cannelton; then by Rev. J. P. Dion, of
Cannelton; the Benedictine Fathers, of St. Meinrad; Rev. J.
Kauffman and Rev. F. Friedinger, of Troy. Rev. Ferdinand
Hundt was the first resident pastor, from May until December,
1863, when it was again attended by the Benedictine Fathers
until 1867. In 1867 Rev. J. A. Michael was appointed (second)
resident pastor, and remained such until May i, 1877, when Rev.
Edward Faller became the pastor at Cannelton, and, jointly with
Rev. P. Conrad Ackermann, O. S. B., of Troy, regularly attended
Tell City. On the 28th of October. 1878, Father Faller took up
his residence at Tell City.
The first Catholic church in Tell City, a frame building 50 x 20
feet, was built in 1859, on Eighth street, lot and church costing
$900. Father Marendt was then the visiting pastor. In 1870 a
new brick church was begun on two new lots on the same street,
~(439j
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
the lots, with a frame dwelHng on them, costing $800. The old
church and lot were then sold for $425. In the same year the
foundation was built and the corner-stone laid by the Rev. P.
Bade O'Connor, O. S. B., chancellor of the diocese. The church
was under roof in 1873. The work remained in that condition
until Father Faller, in 1877, had the towers finished, the spires
built, and the interior plastered. The church is 114x48 feet in
dimensions, with forty feet in the clear in height on the inside.
The height of the two spires is 134 feet. The building is in the
Byzantine arched style. The cost of the church was $16,672.
Other purchases of ground were made, so that the lot has a front-
age of 160 feet, with a depth of 140. The brick parsonage on
the south, and the brick school-house, 50 x 25 feet, on the north
side of the church, were both built in 1878, at a cost of $4,172.
The sisters of St. Francis conduct the school. The Way of the
Cross, costing $340; the three new bells, costing $567; the tower
clock, costing $700; and a new main altar, costing $1,164, were
all provided in 1878. The entire church property has cost $26,290.
In 1879 the congregation numbered only seventy families. It is
hardly necessary to tell the reader that Father Faller had personal
means to do the work he accomplished.
The school was opened on September i, 1878, with ninety-
five children. Father Faller departed from Tell City, in 1882,
having accomplished much more than is recorded here. He was
appointed pastor at St. Michael's, in Madison, to continue the
good work. The Rev. James Hilbert next had charge of St.
Paul's church. Tell City, and Rev. William F. Seibertz is the
present pasior.
TERRE HAUTE, VIGO COUNTY.
St. Joseph was the first parish organized in Terre Haute, and
Rev. S. P. Lalumiere was the first resident pastor, as he took
charge in 1842, from which time the history of the parish proper
begins. Of course, Terre Haute was a mission station for many
years previously, divine services being held repeatedly for the
Catholics there as early as 1835, and quite regularly from 1837 to
1842, Rev. Father^Buteux coming from St. Mary's for that pur-
pose.
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
The first St. Joseph's church is said to have been built by
Father Buteu.x, perhaps in 1837 or 1838. It was then a mission
attended from St. Mary's, Vigo county. Father Lalumiere made
an addition to the structure, and Father Chasse enlarged and orna-
mented it with a new front and steeple.
Rev. Father Lalumiere ministered to the people until his
death, which took place on the 9th of June, 1857. He was born
at Vincennes in 1804, and at one time was the only priest Bishop
Brute had in his large diocese, which then comprised the whole
state of Indiana and a portion of Illinois. H's remains are buried
in St. Joseph's church and a marble slab in his memory is set up
near the Blessed Virgin's altar, bearing a fitting inscription.
The records of the parish show that St. Joseph's was presided
over by Jesuit Fathers from the death of Father Lalumiere until the
arrival of Rev. P. Bede O'Connor, O. S. B., in 1859. These Jesuits
were Rev. Father di Maria, 1857-58, and Rev. Father Lutz, 1859.
Rev. O'Connor was next in charge of the parish about seven years,
or until 1866, when he was sent to Vincennes. During a part of
the time he was assisted by four other fathers of his order. Revs.
Fintan, Martin, Chrysostome and Meinrad. A college which they
conducted for a few years proving successful, they resigned and
left the place after the removal of Father O'Connor.
Rev. P. Bede O'Connor was born in London, in 1826, of Irish
parents. He was educated in the famous Benedictine monastery
at Einsiedeln, made his vows in 1847, and emigrated to the United
States in 1852. He served as secretary to Bishop de St. Palais,
as chancellor of the diocese, and in 1870 was appointed vicar-
general. He died at Terre Haute, September 25, 1875.
Rev. J. B. Chasse succeeded Father O'Connor and remained
until 1872. Very Rev. H. Alerding, later pastor of St. Joseph's
church, Indianapolis, and author of the History of the Diocese of
Vincennes, was Father Chasse's assistant for two 5 ears and nine
months.
The Franciscan Fathers (O. M. C.) took charge of St Joseph's
in 1872. Of these. Rev. Jno. Kroeger was the first. Rev. L.
Moczigemba was the second; came in 1873, and was succeeded by
Rev. Jos. Lessen during 1875-6. Rev. F. Neubaur came in 1877;
27 (441)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
Rev. D. Marzetti in 1878-9; in 1880, Very Rev. M. C. McEvoy,
O. M. C, became pastor. He came as assistant to Father Kroeger
in 1872. Rev. Joseph J. Frewin, Father McEvoy's assistant for
nine years, came in 1883, and about 1891 became pastor.
St. Joseph's church is a brick structure, 45x110 feet, with
stained glass windows, a good organ, and beautiful altars and fur-
niture. It fronts on Fifth street, and stands on the center of the
parish grounds, which occupy a half-block. South of the church
stands the brick school for girls, taught by the Sisters of Provi-
dence. There are nine Sisters and 115 girls in attendance. North
of the church, on the corner of Ohio street, is a splendid new brick
schools for boys. This building, the corner-stone of which was
laid by the Rt. Rev. Mgr. Bessonies, cost $12,500. It has the
latest improvements, is of excellent design, and is abreast of the
best schools in Terre Haute. The top floor is used for an exhibi-
tion hall, while the basement is used, part for meeting rooms for
the parish societies, and the remainder for play rooms for the boys
during the inclement season. The new school and grounds are
valued at $65,000; the church and grounds are worth $50,000, and
altogether St. Joseph's is, being the mother church in Terre Haute,
the most valuable in memories and also in dollars and cents.
Including the pastoral residence, the church and school property
is worth the large sum of $125,000.
There are 204 families in the congregation, with about 200
children attending the parish schools. The choir is a good one,
the trustees efficient men, and the business of the parish is well in
hand.
Very Rev. M. C. McEvoy, O. M. C. , one of the popular and
efficient pastors of St. Joseph's, was a native of the county of
Wexford, Ireland, and a splendid specimen of the clear-skinned,
dark-haired Celt. He began his studies for the church in Ireland,
and continued them on the island of Malta, in the Mediterranean
sea; at Cherso, an island in the Adriatic sea; at Wurzburg,
Bavaria; in Germany, in Holland, and at Rome. He came to the
United States in 1869, continued his studies at the Franciscan
college at Syracuse, N. Y., and on September 29, 1871, at Albany,
in that state, he was ordained priest by the Rt. Rev. Bishop Con-
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IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
roy. His first mission was at Trenton, X. J., where he remained
about a year. In 1872 he was transferred to Louisville, Ky., and
in June of that year he was sent as assistant to Leather Kroe^^er,
who was the first Franciscan priest to take charge of St. Joseph's
parish. Afterward Father McEvoy continued at his post of duty
as assistant until 1880, until he became pastor in charge.
Father McEvoy was deservedly popular with all classes in
Terra Haute, and this fact was made manifest when a report that
he was to be transferred to Rome called forth a lengthy petition,
signed by all classes of people of Terre Haute, requesting the revo-
cation of the order by his superior. He was affable and jolly and
exteriorly was anything but a monk; yet, through his affability and
approachableness could be seen his deep humility, just as through
his limpid mirthfulness could be easily preceived his fervor, devot-
edness and solid piety. On account of his extensive travels and
by study he had acquainted himself with more than six languages,
most of which he spoke fluently. He did not aspire to great
eloquence in the pulpit, but could lay claim to plain speaking
and forcefulness. He handled the material and all the monetary
affairs of his parish very capably. He knew well how to raise
funds, and was not lacking in ability to judiciously expend them.
His people were impressed with these facts, hence his appeals to
them were never without generous response.
The assistant priest during Father McEvoy's time was Rev. J.
J. Frewin, O. M. C, who succeeded to the pastorate, and whose
life sketch will be found in \o\. H, of this work. The present
pastor of St. Joseph's parish is Father Francis Lehner, who has
been with the church since the 28th of July, 1898.
St. Benedict's Church. — On the 17th of January, 1864, the
feast of the Holy Name of Jesus, the German Catholics of Terre
Haute, in compliance with the desire and invitation of their pastor,
assembled for the purpose of discussing the feasibility of buildin^-
a church of their own. Up to this time the German-speaking
Catholics frequented St. Joseph's church on South Fifth street,
which was in charge of the Benedictine Fathers. Thirteen gentle-
men heeded the above invitation, with Rev. Father Martin Marty.
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
O. S. B., at their head. Notwithstanding this small number, they
were not discouraged, and it was resolved that each man present^
should exert himself to bring other German Catholics to the espousal
of this noble cause and in the meantime consult with carpenters as
to the cost of a small church.
The next meeting was held January 31, 1864, with an increase
of four members. At this meeting several plots of ground were
proposed, but, not having sufficient information concerning them,
nothing definite was arrived at.
On the 7th of February, another meeting was held, the Rev.
Fintan Mundwiler, O. S. B., presiding. At this meeting arrange-
ments were made to purchase the present piece of property and
erect upon it a church, school and parochial residence, in which
later on they succeeded.
St. Boniface's Building society was organized June 5. This
society took great interest in so important a matter and God blessed
its efforts and zeal, for in a short time, October 2, 1864, on the
feast of the Holy Rosary, the corner-stone for St. Benedict's church
was laid, and in the following year (1865) the edifice was formally
dedicated to the services of God. Also a school and parochial
residence were erected shortly after. Thus the German-speaking
Catholics of Terre Haute acquired their own church, school and
rectory, a reward of the untiring zeal of the Benedictine Fathers
and of their own efforts and energy.
The Benedictine Fathers at this time still lived at the rectory
of St. Josephs church. South Fifth street, and continued yet for a
short time to administer the affairs of St. Benedict's church, when
Rev. Casper Doebbener was appointed its pastor in December,
1865, and continued in his position until January, 1867.
In April, 1867, the Rev. Edward Faller took charge of the
congregation ; he, having means of his own, spent considerable on
the church and property. His successor was Rev. N. Gaellweiler,
who was pastor of the church from March, 1871, to February, 1872.
The next to take charge of St. Benedict's church were the
Franciscan Fathers, of the Order of Minor Conventuals, whose
motherhouse and novitiate are located in Syracuse, N. Y. The
first Franciscan who arrived here was Rev. Pius Kotterer, O. M.
(448)
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
C. Under his direction the congregation remained from March,
1872, to October, 1877. During his administration the church and
school were enlarged.
Rev. Father Conrad Elison, O. M. C, was the successor and
continued to administer from October, 1877, to January, 1880,
when, on account of ill-health, he was obliged to resign his posi-
tion. For the same reason his successor. Rev. Fidelis M. Voight,
O. M. C, resigned in July, 1880. For a longer period Rev.
Clemens Luitz, O. M. C, held the position of pastor of the con-
gregation, viz: From July, 1880, to November, 1883. Rev.
Maritius Bierl, O. M. C, followed and continued the administra-
tion until April, 1885. when Rev. Avelinus Szabo, O. M. C, was
appointed and remained in charge until November, 1886. Rev.
Bonaventure Zoller, O. M. C. , was appointed as next pastor and
remained in charge from November, 1886, to January, 1889. It
was during his administration that the handsome school-house,
corner of Ninth and Walnut streets, was built, at a cost of $26,000,
the corner-stone of which was laid June 12, 1887. The following
gentlemen constituted the building committee: Messrs. Herman
Hulman, Sr. , Franz Prox, John F. Brinkman and Joseph Frisz.
Not less than 200 children, under the direction of the Sisters of
Providence, receive careful instruction in the English and German
languages. The school is considered the finest parochial school
in the city, and is another monument to the energy and zeal of
the German Catholics of Terre Haute.
The successor of Rev. B. Zoller, O. M. C, was Rev. Leonard
Reich, O. M. C, born in Bavaria, April 17, 1847. He made his
classical and theological studies principally at the university of
Wurzburg, Bavaria, was received into the Order of Minor Con-
ventuals of St. Francis, made his profession August 2, 1873. and
on the 31st of the same month and year was ordained to the
priesthood. Having faithfully discharged the office of guardian of
the convents in Syracuse, N. Y. , and Utica, N. Y. , and of assist-
ant provincial, he was appointed pastor of St. Benedict's church,
in which capacity he remained from January, 1889, to November
20, 1892.
His successor was the Rev. Peter W. Scharoun, O. M. C,
(449)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
the present pastor of the church. He received his appointment
November 12, 1892. Having settled and closed the accounts and
books of SS. Peter and Paul's church, Camden, N. J., and
preached a farewell sermon to his congregation, of which he was
three years pastor, he made preparations for his journey to Tcrre
Haute, his new field of labor.
The necessity for a more spacious church had been apparent
for some years. Notwithstanding that the members of the con-
gregation were willing to subscribe liberally for this purpose, the
undertaking, owing to hard times, had to be postponed. When
the prospects were apparently more encouraging, a church fair
was held for one week, beginning on the evening of November 4,
1895. The net proceeds, $4,050.93, were very encouraging, and
were set aside as a building fund. After mature deliberation, the
pastor called a meeting for December 3, 1895, of the following
gentlemen: Messrs. Herman Hulman, Sr. , Franz Pro.x, John F.
Brinkman, Joseph Frisz, Sr., Ernst Bleemel, John Dommerschau-
sen, Anton Haring and August Fuchs. The meeting was very
enthusiastic and all present unanimously concurred in the opinion
that a new church was a necessitv. It was decided to build after
the Romanesque style of architecture. At this meeting a building
committee of the above gentlemen was formed with the following
permanent officers: H. Hulman, president; J. Frisz, vice-presi-
dent; J. F. Brinkman, treasurer, and Rev. P. W. Scharoun, secre-
tary.
Some few days after, when the building committee was anxious
to begin work earnestly, an unwelcome visitor arrived at the paro-
chial residence in the form of illness. Father Scharoun was stricken
seriously and was obliged to put himself under the care of his phy-
sician, and, in consequence, all progress was retarded until March
10, 1896, when the pastor's condition was so far improved that he
was able to call the committee to his residence for further consulta-
tion. At this meeting it was decided that a committee of three,
consisting of the pastor, H. Hulman and A. Haring. be appointed
to visit and inspect churches in large neighboring cities and gather
such information and ideas that would enable them to proceed
intelligently in the building of the new church. When the day
(ISOT
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
(March i6) for departure had arrived the reverend pastor's condi-
tion and strength were not sufficient!}- restored to undertake the
journey, hence J. Frisz was appointed as a third member of this
committee. These gentlemen went to Ouincy, 111., thence to Chi-
cago, 111., where they visited many churches and made the per-
sonal acciuaiiitance of A. Druiding, architect. Having seen several
churches which had been built under his supervision, they made
known to him their errand. Having returned home, they reported
to the pastor, who called a meeting of the entire committee for
March 31, at which it was definitely decided to erect a new church,
with two front towers and cupola over the transept, and that A.
Druiding be engaged to make plans, drawings and specifications
for the same; it was furthermore decided to begin work at once,
with removal of the old church The altars, confessional, pipe-
organ and all other church furniture were removed from the old
church to the school hall, where divine services were held during
the erection of the new church. The work of tearing down the
old church was commenced April 27; the corner-stone was discov-
ered in the northwest corner of the foundation the 6th day of May.
It contained a brass medal of the Immaculate Conception of B. V.
M. . a picture of St. Benedict and a nickel cent dated 1862. The
document was in a poor state of preservation and had fallen to
pieces, so that the writing could not be deciphered. June 10, 1896.
all plans, details and specifications for the new church were received.
The pastor and building committee examined and criticized them
thoroughly and accepted them, subject to some changes. Mr. Hul-
man, imbued with genuine Catholic spirit and zeal for the new
house of worship, went to Chicago to consult with the architect
concerning these changes, also, in company with the pastor, visited
other cities, such as South Bend, Fort Wayne, etc., to gather other
useful information and ideas. June 25 the building committee
assembled to open the different bids of contractors. The lowest
bid was that of P. M. McCormack, of Columbus, Ind. The gen-
eral contract was therefore awarded to him. The cut- stone con-
tract was awarded to E. J. Edwards & Ward, of Chicago, 111.
July 21 the work of excavation was commenced, the reverend pas-
tor throwing out the first shovel of ground from the spot over
1451)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
which the high altar was to be erected. After a bed eighteen'
inches deep of concrete had been deposited in the trenches the rev-
erend pastor, with the assistance of Mr. Hulman, laid the first
stone in the northeast corner of the foundation, August lo; work
was then continued by the contractor and progressed satisfactorily.
On the 23d day of September, 1896, a joint meeting of the officials
of all the Catholic societies of the city was held in St. Benedict's-
school in order to make arrangements for a parade on the day of
the corner-stone laying.
On Sunday afternoon, October 4, 1896, it being the feast of
the Holy Rosary and that of St. Francis of Assisi, founder of
the Franciscan order, the corner-stone of St. Benedict's new
church was blessed and laid by the Rt. Rev. Francis Silas Cha-
tard, D. D.. bishop of \'incennes.
Previous to the ceremonies there was an immense street
parade, headed by a platoon of police and two brass bands.
Having marched through some of the principal streets of the
city, the line of march was next directed to the Union depot to
meet the right reverend bishop and escort him to the new church;
at 2:45 P- ^'- his lordship arrived, and in a few minutes the soci-
eties began their return march toward the church in the following
order:
Platoon of police in command of Capt. Charles Hyland;
grand marshal and aids; Ringgold brass band; St. Francis' soci-
ety of St. Benedict's church; Hibernian Benevolent society; St.
Joseph's Temperance society; Ancient Order of Hibernians of
Vigo county, divisions Nos. i, 2, 3 and 4; Catholic Knights;
Oriental brass band; Young Men's institute; St. Patrick's Young
Men society; Young Men's Literary union of St. Joseph's church;
St. Anthony's Young Men's society of St. Benedict's church, who
formed the escort for the right reverend bishop; the right reverend
bishop's carriage, drawn by four white horses; carriages with vis-
iting and local priests.
Having arrived at the parochial residence, the bishop was
received by the local and visiting clergymen. The bishop and
clergy being vested, the procession, at 3: 15 f. m., began to move
toward the new edifice, where the ceremonies were performed as
(452r
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
directed in the Pontifical Romanuni. Ttie preliminary ceremonies
being over, the massive stone was lowered into })osition, guided
on the north side by the benefactor, Herman Hulman, whose gen-
erous donations had made it possible to undertake the erection of
the new church on so elaborate a scale. The ceremonies being
ended, Rt. Rev. Bishop Chatard, with the clergy, mounted the
large platform which had been erected and preached an eloquent
sermon in English, and Very Rev. Hugolinus Storff, O. S. F.. in
the German language. In conclusion, the pastor intoned the Te
Deum (Groszer Gott wir loben Dich), in which he was joined by
the entire congregation, accompanied by the Ringgold brass band.
This ended the ceremonies. The day itself was a most delightful
one, and thousands of people had thronged the streets to wit-
ness the event.
Work on the new church was again resumed and continued
until cold weather necessitated a suspension until the spring of
1897, when work progressed uninterruptedly, so that the con-
tractor was able to deliver over the building and keys of the same
to the pastor and trustees on the 12th day of March. 1898.
St. Ann's Parish, Terre Haute, was organized in 1866. Rev.
M. Quinlan was its first pastor. It comprises the northern portion
of the city, and has about 100 families besides the 1 10 inmates of
St. Ann's Orphan asylum. The parish was created to accommodate
the few families residing north of Chestnut street — the pastor say-
ing one mass at the asylum each Sunday morning and one for the
small congregation at the church. The situation has changed
somewhat since then, as St. Ann's parish is now large enough of
itself to keep its pastor busy; nevertheless he is the chaplain of the
asylum also.
The present St. Ann's church, a frame structure 35x75 feet,
was built in 1866. About the same time the greater part of the
present pastoral residence was erected. It has since been added
to and much improved. A debt of considerable magnitude, of
course, was occasioned by these buildings, and Father Ouinlan
relinquishing the charge, the church was attended by the pastor
of St. Joseph and his assistants.- This state of affairs continued
"1463)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
until February i, 1878, when Rev. John McCabe, just ordained,
was on that very day placed in charge of St. Ann's congregation as
its second pastor. He continued his labors until about July, 1885,
when, on the third day of that month and same year, its present
pastor. Rev. John Ryves, was commissioned by the Right Rev.
Bishop Chatard.
Father Ryves. with the experience of one year and a half at
New Castle, where he paid off a debt on the church, and of twenty-
three months at Richmond, where he also paid oE another parish
debt, took hold of St. Ann's with the knowledge that there, too,
he had to wrestle with a financial obligation. He applied himself
to the work, and has succeeded in paying off $1,000. Since his
taking charge he has remodeled and frescoed the interior of the
church, improved and refurnished the parsonage at an outlay of
more than $1,000, and to the parish grounds has added an extra
lot for school-house purposes, thereby making the enlarged lot 300
by 136 feet. This new lot fronts on Locust street, and cost $1,000.
The value of the property is considerably over $10,000. This
value is sure to increase, as the city is fast extending its improve-
ments not only up to and around St. Ann's, but also beyond.
Dwellings are being erected and real estate in the vicinity is now
in demand, whereas the same property was not heretofore consid-
ered either desirable or valuable. With this fact in view, and also
the willingness and efhciency of the pastor considered, the future
of St. Ann's congregation is certainly bright with promise.
The systematic working of the congregation in the matter of
trustees, societies, choir, etc., is about the average, except that
the choir is remarkable for the youth of its members, and also
their talent and good will. They volunteer their services, a thing
which is greatly appreciated, not only by the reverend pastor, but
by the entire congregation as well.
The hours for the Sunday masses are 8 and 10 o'clock in the
morning, with catechism at 2 in the afternoon, followed by ves-
pers and benediction.
The parish school has about 100 boys and girls in attendance,
with three Sisters of Providence as tutors.
Rev. John Rvves, of whom a biographical notice is given on
(454)
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
page 872, \'ol. II, is a debt payer but not much of a debt creator.
He believes in pa3'ing as you go, or, at least, in coming as near to
so doing as possible.
The youthful pastor here mentioned is noted for (juite a num-
ber of traits and capacities besides his financial ability. With
Tennyson's Merlin, he might say: " Use gave me fame at first,
and fame, again increasing, gave me use." He is an apostle of
temperance, is among the ablest advocates of the cause, and is
doing great good among his own people as well as occasionally in
many other parts of the diocese. As a pulpit orator and popular
speaker he has few equals for his years. His address is most
pleasing, his manner modest, while his personal appearance is up
to the standard. He is notably unassuming, and seems to be
unaware of his powers, or else to have attained to a degree of
modesty far beyond that of the average young clergyman.
St. Patrick's congregation was set apart or organized in 1881,
as much with a view to accommodate the people of the southeast
section of Terre Haute as to establish a Catholic school there.
Rev. Thomas X. Logan was placed in charge, and began at once
the erection of St. Patrick's church, a Gothic structure of large
dimensions, which is among the finest church-edifices in the city.
The parish grounds are at the southeast corner of Thirteenth and
Poplar streets. The church is on the corner, and to the east is
the parish school-building erected and conducted by the Sisters of
Piovidence. This is a spacious brick structure, and is attended by
200 children. In the rear of the church, and fronting on Thir-
teenth street, is the home of the pastor.
St. Patrick's church was built when prices were high and infla-
tion was upon the land. It cost $22,000, and perhaps is a good
value for the money, especially if we include the elegant furnish-
ings, the fine altars and other improvements. There are 260
zealous families in the parish. The church societies at St. Pat-
rick's are numerous and prosperous and the choir is especially
praiseworthy. To assist at vespers at St. Patrick's is to be
delighted with the service. The pastor, in unison with the altar
boys, chants the psalms in alternate verse with the choir and entire
(455)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
congregation. The musical ear can detect some very good voices,
notably among the sopranos and altos, while the compact and
sweet baritone of the pastor is clearly distinguishable. The congre-
gation is in very good condition, and, while composed of no wealthy'
members, it is nevertheless harmonious and united in its efforts to
do its whole duty. There are comparatively few drones among
the busy bees of St. Patrick's, and among the most active and best
disposed are the following gentlemen, who act as trustees: Dan
Lynch, Dennis Barret, Michael Burke and John James.
Rev. Father Logan founded the parish, and Rev. D. J.
McMullen, now of Richmond, Ind., succeeded him and was the
immediate predecessor of the present very reverend pastor. He
remained in charge of St. Patrick's from July 20, 1883, until July
I, 1885. Very Rev. Victor A. Schnell, the present beloved pastor
of St. Patrick's church, is a genial and scholarly gentleman. He
is certainly a cosmopolitan of the most approved type; being a
Frenchman by birth, and an American by adoption, a German in
language, an Irishman by association, a Catholic by the grace of
God, and a priest without doubt by divine vocation. On page
918, Vol. n, will be found a brief sketch of his life and labors.
Father Schnell has zealously devoted himself to the spiritual
and educational interests of his people without at all neglecting
their material interests. Since his advent at St. Patrick's he has
not only paid off considerable of the crushing debt which he found
on the church, but has even made some improvements beside, one
of which, the frescoing of the church, is certainly a very com-
mendable work. He is devoting himself to the parish schools and,
being a musician, his choir is not neglected, for he takes consider-
able pride in its success.
He is an able and practical preacher, the possessor of a good
voice and all the effective requisites of the pulpit. He is a man o^
excellent judgment, his zeal is tempered with prudence, and his
being a member of the bishop's council is a fitting recognition of
his work. Few men have borne up under the trials of twenty
years of severe missionary life as resolutely and cheerfully as has
plain Father Schnell, the soldier, priest and cosmopolitan.
(456)
IN THE STATE OE INDIANA.
Til' TON, III'TON COUNTY.
St. John the Baptist Church. — Prior to 1856 there were but
five Catholic families in Tipton county and no priest visited the
community, the worshipers attending mass at Kokomo. The first
mass celebrated in Tipton county was at the home of Daniel Mor-
gan, who resided two miles east of Tipton, and Father Maloney
was the priest present. He ministered to the wants of the people
but a short time, when he was succeeded by Rev. Father Force;
next came Rev. Father Bernard Kroeger, now of St. Bridget's
church, Logansport, during whose charge the first church property
was obtained, one lot being donated by Cornelius Barlow, and one
lot being purchased. The present church occupies this first acqui-
sition. Father Kroeger was succeeded by Father Mougin, and he
in turn by Rev. L. Lamour, who had charge in 1865. In 1867
came Rev. M. Haly, and in 1869 Rev. F. Borg. He was suc-
ceeded by Rev. J. O'Brien, who, in 1871, was followed by Rev. P.
M. Frawley. In 1872 Rev. J. Grogan officiated and he was suc-
ceeded, in 1873, by Father Lordemann. In 1874 or 1875 the
first church was built; there were up to this time only about fifteen
families in the parish, and the treasury contained only $3. How-
ever, a comfortable frame church-edifice was erected. Father
Lordemann held divine service once each month, as the greater
portion of his time was consumed at Kokomo, the main parish.
It was during this time that the right reverend bishop sent an
assistant to relieve Father Lordemann of the Tipton charge, and
also to attend the extra charges at Boxley and Buscher's, which
are now attended from Elwood. In 1876, Rev. F. G. Lentz
arrived as the first resident priest. It now became necessary to
have a residence for the pastor, and the members set to work
with a will, raised a subscription, lent willing hands, and soon a
comfortable home was completed. A pastor being a permanent
fixture, new members located in the county and the church soon
assumed a more healthy and flourishing condition, and the congre-
gation so increased that an addition to the church-building was
erected, so as to increase the seating capacity. It now became
(457)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
necessary to provide a school for the children, and in August, 1885,
the corner-stone of a handsome two-story brick was laid, but
before the building was completed the church (December 14, 1885)
was destroyed by fire, and one of the halls of the school-building
was devoted to church purposes. This room was used until the
completion of the present church, the corner-stone being laid
June 16, 1889. Father Lentz was succeeded, June 5, 1890, by
Rev. A. J. Kroeger, the present pastor, who is beloved by all who
know him.
The present church-edifice was dedicated August 30, 1891,
and visitors were present from LaFayette, Fort Wayne, Logans-
port, Kokomo, Muncie. New Castle, Indianapolis, Connersville,
Frankfort and other places, various societies from said towns com-
ing in a body. In the absence of Bishop Dwenger the services
were conducted by Rev. J. H. Brammer, vicar-general of the Fort
Wayne diocese. He was assisted by Fathers J. H. Guendling, of
LaFayette, B. Biegel, of Elwood, and Lordemann, of Kokomo,
the sermon being delivered by Father Brammer. The choir of
Mother Gertrude, of the Sisters, rendered Haydn's Imperial (No.
i) mass. The church-building is of Gothic architecture, with
eighty feet frontage and 130 feet in depth. It is provided with all
modern church conveniences, including gallery, cloak and ante-
rooms, etc., and the frescoing is equaled by that of but few
churches in the state. The windows are rare works of art, two of
them costing $800. In one of the windows is a representation of
the Madonna, with the words "Ave Maria, Gratia Plena." The
other represents a vision of the Redeemer. In every part of the
building the artist, F. B. Kendrick, of Fort Wayne, has displayed
his skill. The present church-edifice is an imposing structure and
would do credit to a much larger congregation. It has a seating
capacity of 800, and is valued at $35,000. In 1897 a new two-
story brick residence for the pastor. Rev. A. J. Kroeger, was
erected, costing about $4,000, but as the members of the Tipton
parish are always ready to assist in labor, the cash outlay on any
building erected by them is much less than the value of the property
when completed.
(458)
IN THE STATK OF INDIANA.
TKUV, rERRV COUNTY.
St. Pius' Church, at Troy, was erected in 1849, is of brick,
and is 48 x 33 feet in dimensions. It has been attended as fol-
lows: Revs. J. Contin. from 1849 to 1851; Henry Peters, Jan-
uary 10, 1851, to August 3, 1853; P. Bede O'Connor, O. S. B. ,
until September 4, 1854, from Ferdinand; Michael Marendt until
September 25, 1859; Joseph Kaufmann until February 2, 1863;
Ferdinand Hundt until February 6, 1864, from Tell City; Martin
Marty, O. S. B., until October i, 1865, from St. Meinrad; Wolfgang
Schlumpf, O. S. B., until December 10, 1865; Fred. Friedinger
until June 10, 1866; P. Fintan and P. Benno, O. S. B., until
December 23, 1866; Andrew Michael until August 4, 1867; B. H.
Kintrup until November 14, 1869; P. Benno Gerber, O. S. B. ,
until August I, 1871; F. Mueller until October 20, 1873, resident;
Henry Hug, O. S. B., until May 4, 1875; ^- Placidus Zarn, O. S.
B., until May, 4, 1876; P. Conrad Ackermann, O. S. B.
Missions were held by Rev. F. X. Weninger, S. J., in 1859,
and by Rev. Alphonse Leute, O. S. B., in 1875. In 1879 the con-
gregation numbered seventy-two families. The estimated value of
.the church property is $2,800. The parsonage was bought in
1859, and the corner-stone of a new brick church was laid in Sep-
tember, 1 88 1. The present pastor is the Rev. William Wack.
TURKEY CREEK, LAKE COUNTY.
SS. Peter and Paul's Church, of Turkey Creek, was attended
as a station as early as 1847 by Rev. A. Carius, and from 1850 by
the Holy Cross Fathers — Cointet, \'oors and Schilling — from
Notre Dame, St. Joseph county, who regularly paid their visits
until 1857, when F'ather Tusch became the first secular pastor.
He was followed for a short time by Father Mayer, and then came
Rev. Philip Wegmeyer, in 1858, as the first resident priest, who
remained until the fall of 1859, after which came Father Giedel,
who officiated until February, 1862, when Rev. M. P. Wehrle was
placed in charge. Prior to this date the congregation worshiped
in a log building, one and one-half miles northeast of the present
"1459)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
church-edifice, which was erected by Father Wehrle in 1863. The
site of the old church is still utilized as a cemetery. Father
Wehrle remained in charge of the congregation until the summer
of 1867, when he was succeeded by Father Schmitz, resident pas-
tor of Dyer, Ind., who was succeeded by Rev. Philip Wegmeyer,
who resided in Turkey Creek, and who again officiated from the
fall of 1868 until July, 1871; Rev. H. Meissner was the pastor
from that time until the summer of 1873; Rev. F. J. Frund, until
the spring of 1874; Rev. Baumgardner, from April, 1874, until
December, 1880; Rev. H. M. Roth, until the spring of 1883, and
thereafter the congregation was attended from Crown Point by the
Rev. Maurice Kaeder, O. S. B., until the close of 1884, when Rev.
Joseph Flach was appointed resident priest and remained from
early in 1885 until July 29, 1888, when the Rev. Charles V. Stet-
ter, the present pastor, was placed in charge. To Turkey Creek
there belong at present about forty German families.
.UNION CITY, RANDOLPH COUNTY.
The Catholic church at Union City was begun in 1854; Rev.
Sheon, of Sidney, was pastor one year. Rev. Hemsteger, from
Piqua, came in 1855; Rev. Clane came next and established a
chapel on the farm of Mr. Weis, two miles from town; Rev. Hem-
steger came again, and stayed four years; Rev. Shelhammer, from
Greenville, then came, remaining until 1862; Rev. McMahon was
next, until 1865. During his pastorship a church was built on
Plum street north of Oak street, frame, and about 1870 a large
bell was added. Rev. Lamour was pastor from 1867 to 1870;
Rev. Von Schwedler, 1870 to 1871; Rev. Noll, 1871 to 1875. Kev.
Jeremiah Ouinlan succeeded, who was pastor until 1890, when he
was succeeded by Rev. F. A. King. The congregation is thriving
and prosperous, with a property of four lots, a church, a parson-
age, nunnery and a school-house; as also a cemetery, out of town,
two miles north of the Salem pike. St. Mary's school is taught
by Sisters of the Holy Cross and is attended by 100 pupils. A
flourishing day school has been maintained for many years by the
Catholics, which has been, for a considerable time, free to all
(leoT
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
comers, throu^'h the munificence of Peter Kuntz, lumber dealer in
Union City, and a member of the Catholic congregation.
The congregation, in 1890, was worshiping in a substantial, but
unpretentious and wholly inadequate edifice, and Father King's
first thought was to provide a fairer and properly commodious
house of worship for his people. There was only about $1,200
in the church treasury, but this apparant lack of material funds
did not deter the earnest pastor, and it was not long until his
efforts toward the enlargement of his parish were rewarded by the
assurance of a fund sufficient to guarantee the completion of the
work he had in mind. In 1891 the corner-stone of the new church
was laid with imposing ceremonies, the Rt. Rev. Joseph Brammer
officiating. On February 12, 1895 — proud day for St. Mary's par-
ish— the new church, splendid and complete, was dedicated to the
service of God, the dedicatory services being presided over by
Bishop Chatard. This new church cost nearly $25,000, and so
well have its frnances been managed that the congregation is prac-
tically out of debt. The church is well-finished and stands a sub-
stantial local monument to the zeal of good Father King and the
earnestness of his parishioners. The present congregation num-
bers 126 families.
With its passing as a place of worship the old church did not
lose its usefulness, however, as it is now constantly occupied as a
place of meeting of the several auxiliary societies of St. Mary's. In
this old structure are held the meetings of the Catholic Benevolent
society, of the Catholic Benevolent legion and of the Catholic
Knights of St. John.
St. Mary's cemetery is a beautiful spot of consecrated ground,
containing five acres, and the pride of the parish is manifested in
keeping it in faultless order.
In addition to his duties as pastor of St. Mary's, Father King
is also charged with the spiritual direction of the adjacent mission
at Winchester. This is an interesting and growing mission, at
present containing about a dozen families and full of promise of
large future development. The church-building is a frame, was
built in 1882 by Rev. J. H. Ouinlan and cost $600.
28
(461)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
VALPARAISO, PORTER COUNTY.
St. Paul's Church, at Valparaiso, was organized in 1861 by the
late Rev. Father O'Reilly, though previous to that the congrega-
tion, which was somewhat small and scattered about the vicinity,
was looked after by Revs. George Hamilton, John Force and A.
Batti. Father O'Reilly at first held services in a hall over one of
the business houses, and several years later erected a commodious
structure, within a stone-thrown, where now stands one of the
handsomest and finest edifices in the state, erected, in 1880, at a
cost of $60,000. Later he built St. Paul's school, a three-story
brick building, and a pastoral residence. He died in 1888, and
Rev. John Dempsey, now at Crawfordsville, took charge, and he
was succeeded, in June, 1898, by Rev. John H. Bathe, of Wabash,
who was transferred, in July, to Fort Wayne. Very Rev. L. A.
Moench, for many years stationed at Plymouth, is now rector.
The congregation numbers about 2,000, and is composed of
Irish, Germans, Americans, French and English. The congrega-
tion owns its own cemetery, which was purchased in 1872 and con-
secrated by the late Bishop Joseph Dwenger, D. D., of Fort Wayne.
It is the best laid out and handsomest in the county. Though over
$100,000 have been spent during the past twenty years in the way
of buildings, etc., the congregation is at present nearly free from
debt.
The parochial school connected with the academy is in charge
of five Sisters of Providence, and is attended by forty-five boys and
eighty-five girls.
VANDERBURG COUNTY.
St. Joseph's Church. — The first Catholic church in St. Joseph's
parish was a log structure, and was erected in the summer of 1841.
The building was two stories high, the front half of the lower floor
being utilized for school purposes, and the rear half, divided into
two small rooms, served as the pastoral residence, while the upper
floor was devoted to divine service. Prior to the erection of this
building, mass had been read, as far back as 1836, by the Redemp-
torist. Father Czackart, at the house of Widow Weis, the Father
(462r
IN THE STATE OI" INDIANA.
coming all the way from St. Marie, Jasper county, 111., where he
had his home with John Pi(iuet. Kev. Roman Weinzoepfel suc-
ceeded Father Czackart and attended until May, 1842, after which
date Rev. Anthony Deydier visited the mission several times. In
October, 1842, Rev. Conrad Schneiderjans, of Oldenburg, Frank-
lin county, was placed in charge of the missions near Evansville,
established himself at St. Wendel, and from that place visited St.
Joseph's until the fall of 1845. Rev. C. Oppermann and Rev.
Martin Stahl, assistants of Father Deydier at Evansville, occasion-
ally visited the mission until April, 1846, when Rev. Roman Wein-
zoepfel returned, his station being then at St. Wendel.
September 15, 1849, Bishop de St. Palais came to St. Joseph's
parish to administer the sacrament of confirmation. This visit was
a blessed one, as it resulted in the purchase of ground, at a cost of
$95, for the site of a new church-edifice. Thirty families sub-
scribed $1,700, in money, toward the construction of the proposed
building, while others pledged themselves to furnish labor or
material. May 28, 1850, the corner-stone of the new edifice was
laid by Bishop de St. Palais, assisted by Fathers Deydier, Kutassy
and Weinzoepfel. The foundations were 40x86 feet, the walls of
brick, and of Roman architecture. The total cost of the building
was about $2,200, not including the cost of the bell ($150), nor
the labor and material donated, and of this sum Bishop de St.
Palais liberally contributed $200 from his private means. April
13, 185 I, divine ser\ices were held in the new church, but it was
not until April 27, that the building was formally dedicated. From
May 9 until May 17, 1852, a very successful mission was held by
Rev. F. X. Wenninger, S. J., the neighboring congregations taking
part, and holy communion was administered to about 900 souls.
Toward the end of the 'fifties St. Joseph's received its first res-
ident pastor in the person of Rev. F. W. Pepersack, who erected
a substantial brick parsonage at a cost of only $1,000. In June,
1861, he was succeeded by Rev. John B. Merl, who remained until
Ma>-, 1874. On November i, 1874, the Rev. J. F. Sondermann
was placed in charge, remaining until May, 1875, when he was
succeeded by Rev. Jos. Schuck. In 1879 Father Schuck built the
present imposing school-house at a cost of $5,000. In 1885 he
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
was sent to a more important charge and Father Pepersack
returned to St. Joseph's. In the summer of 1886 the church with
all its contents was destroyed by fire. It was a hard blow for the
congregation and its venerable pastor, who, finding himself, owing
to the infirmities of age, unequal to the task of rebuilding, resigned
in the fall of 1887, when the Rev. A. A. Schenk was asked to
assume the work. Father Schenk pushed the undertaking with
characteristic vim, and, being cheerfully seconded by his parish-
ioners, erected, in 1888, the present beautiful edifice, which, with
its appurtenances, cost about $ I 5,000. In November, 1897, Father
Schenk was transferred to Brookville, and the Rev. Frank A. Roell
given temporary charge of St. Joseph's, remaining until May, 1898,
when Rev. Henry Fein succeeded him. A commodious parsonage
of modern architecture, costing $3,000, will be erected in 1899.
The congregation of St. Joseph's at present numbers 100 fam-
ilies, mostly prosperous farmers. The parochial school, taught by
three Sisters of St. Francis, is attended by eighty pupils. The
parish is also spiritually in a most healthy condition.
VIGO COUNTY.
St. Mary's of the Woods. — The grounds for the first church
and cemetery in St. Mary's parish were donated in 1837 by the
late Joseph Thralls, the patriarch of his family and the pioneer of
Catholicity in these parts. In his house the first pastor and other
missionary priests found a home. The first church, a small frame
structure, was built in 1837. It was accidentally burnt down in
1842 or 1843. The ne.xt church was erected in 1844. It was a
small brick building which, old residenters say, had very much the
appearance of a prison or jail, from the fact that there were no
windows in it, exeept one or two situated on or near the roof.
This unique little structure was blessed on November 7, 1844. The
following item is copied from the record: " 1844. November
7th, Feast. Rt. Rev. G. de la Hailandiere, Bp. Vin., blessed the
church at St. Mary's of the Woods, dedicated to God under the
invocation of the Mother of God, b)^ the name of St. Mary's of the
Woods; attended the ceremony: M. M. E. Shaw, L. Lalumiere,
\'. Bellier, S. Buteu.x and M. Mullen. J. Corbe, pastor. "
(464)
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
This prison-like building was pulled down and replaced by the
present church in 1866. Priests visited these parts at an early
day. The first that can be given as correct is that of the Rev.
Stanislaus Buteux, who became the first resident priest in 1 837. His
first baptism is dated January 12, 1837, his first marriage Decem-
ber 19, 1837. He was noted for his kindness of heart, cheerful,
frank manners, and ardent zeal in the conversion oi souls. He
was beloved by both Catholics and Protestants. The old resi-
denters love to talk of the old times when Father Buteux was
wont to visit them in their humble log cabins, and warm his feet
by their blazing fire-places. Father Buteux made several con-
verts at an early date, some of whom did not prove faithful. He
remained at St. Mary's until 1842, when he went to Boston, Mass.,
where he died in June, 1875, beloved by clergy and people.
Father Buteux was succeeded by the Rev. Anthony Parret, who
remained until 1844, when he joined the Jesuits, and died, many
years ago in the south, of yellow fever.
Rev. John Corbe was appointed the pastor in 1844. He had
charge until 1865, when he resigned the pastorship of St. Mary's
congregation, but remained chaplain at the mother-house of the
Sisters of Providence until the day of his death, June 3, 1872.
Father Corbe was a native of the diocese of Rennes, France,
where he made his studies and was ordained priest. He was quite
young when he followed Bishop Brute to the diocese of Vincennes,
in 1836. His first mission was Francisville, ten miles below Vin-
cennes. In 1840 he took charge of the seminary at Vincennes,
and soon after also of the congregation, until his removal to St.
Merry's of the Woods in 1844. Bishop de St. Palais made him his
vicar-general, and, during the absence of the bishop in Europe, he
was administrator of the diocese.
The Benedictine Fathers at Terre Haute now took charge of
St. Mary's church. The Rev. Martin Marty, O. S. B., and the
Rev. Fintan Mundwiler, O. S. B., paid a few visits, when, in
1866, the Rev. Meinrad McCarthy, O. S. B., began to reside here.
He had his home with the excellent Mr. Thralls until, in 1868, he
built a two-story frame parsonage, with kitchen. Under his
administration the present brick church, 75 x 32 feet, was built.
"(466)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
He also had charge of many missions, in all of which he built
small churches, not less than six in number. He is known as
"the" church-builder. He remained pastor of St. Mary's until
the spring of 1871.
The Rev. Eugene F. McHarron came on July 7, 1871. He
revived the Catholic schools, which had been discontinued a few
years before his advent. The Sisters of Providence had taught the
parish school from the time of their arrival from France in 1840.
In September, 1872. Father McBarron re-opened the school, with
an attendance of forty children. The congregation at that time
numbered seventy families. In 1873 he built an addition of four
rooms to his parsonage. The old cemetery was situated near the
St. Mary's institute; the new cemetery, bought of Mr. Frank
Thralls in 1866, is adjoining the present church. Having labored
zealously for the happiest results in his congregation, Bishop Cha-
tard, to the great credit of the St. Mary's people, appointed him
pastor of the church of the Assumption at Evansville, where he
arrived November 7, 1879. Rev. Augustine Riehle is at present
the pastor of St. Mary's.
VINCENNET KNOX COUNTY.
Church of St. Francis Xavier. — Vincennes is the oldest city
in Indiana, and the church of St. Francis Xavier of that city, for-
merly the cathedral of the old diocese of Vincennes. was the first
church erected in the state. In consequence, it has special claims
upon the respect and veneration of the Catholic people.
On the arrival of the French expedition under de Vincennes,
in 1702, mass was celebrated by the accompanying Jesuit priest in
the open air under a tree on the great sand hill which then over-
looked the Wabash river at that point. After mass, and before
either the priest, the Indians or the soldiers had refreshed them-
selves, the site of the future St. Francis Xavier church was
selected; afterwards that of the fort was determined, which for
many years after bore the name of the church — Fort St. Francis
Xavier.
This first church at Vincennes was built of logs placed on end,
while the interstices were plastered or filled with adobe. Several
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IN THl£ STATK OF INDIANA.
Indians, converted by the missionaries of previous years, aided in
the work of its construction. It stood until about the year 1785,
for it was not until that year, memorable by the arrival of Father
Gibault, that the new or second lo^ church, larger than the first
and better appointed, was ready for occupancy. This second
structure was 40x90 feet and served its purpose until 1830, when
it was torn down, the present brick church having been then ready
for use. Its ground plan was 60 x 115 feet, and its vaulted ceiling
fully seventy- five feet high. The church was later lengthened by
Bishop Hailandiere.
This edifice was projected by that most energetic and devoted
priest. Father Champomier, in 1825, and the corner-stone was
laid by him March 30, 1826. Interiorly it remained unfinished
not only until the arrival of Bishop Brute, in 1834, but even dur-
ing his life. The good bishop took greater interest in educational
matters than in church adornment, for he expended funds collected
in France not to beautify his cathedral church but to establish free
parochial schools and a seminary for the education of priests.
However, before his death, in 1839, he had collected considerable
material looking to the improvement of the cathedral church of
St. Francis Xavier.
Bishop de la Hailandiere, who succeeded Bishop Brute,
attended to this much needed work. He not only enlarged the
building and finished the interior, but also erected on it a tower
and spire and placed in the former a large clock, which for fifty
years told time for the public. The subsequent pastors, notably
Fathers O'Connor and Peythieu, additionally adorned the interior
of the church with costly oil paintings of the stations of the cross
and with a life-size sculpture of the dead Christ upon the cross.
These to-day are the most attractive features of that venerable
edifice.
The church library, which Bishop Brute began to collect, is
now a most creditable feature, while the parish schools, which
date back to the days of that saintly bishop, are, as he would have
them, in charge of the Sisters of Providence. About 300 children
attend them.
The location of the church, schools and rectory is central,
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
and these structures are among the finest improvements in Vin-
cennes.
The old cemetery which adjoined the first and the second log
churches has entirely disappeared. The new cemetery is beyond
the city limits.
In the chapel, which occupies the basement of the present
church, repose the mortal remains of Bishops Brute, Bazin, Hai-
landiere and St. Palais.
Thirty or more missionary priests made transient visits to
Vincennes and exercised their priestly functions in St. Francis
Xavier's church previous to the establishment of the old Vincennes
diocese and the advent of Bishop Brute, in 1834. Since then a
much larger number have ministered there, the history and labors
of whom would be too much of a task to attempt here. The present
clergymen in charge (1898) are Rev. Louis Gueguen, rector, and
Rev. John Gorman, assistant.
Following is a complete list of all the pastors who have offici-
ated at St. Francis Xavier's cathedral from the beginning until the
present time:
The unknown Jesuit Father, who founded the church, from
1702 to 1708; John Mermet, from 1708; Antonius Senat, who was
burned at the stake by the Indians at the same time with de Vin-
cennes on Palm Sunday, 1736; Mercurin Conic in 1748; Sebastin
Louis Meurin in 1749; P. du Jannay; Louis Vivier, from 1753 to
1756; Julian Duvernai, from 1756 to 1.763. He was kidnaped by
an armed force sent by the legislative council of Louisiana with
instructions to arrest all Jesuit priests in the northwest. This
armed force in the night, in October, 1763, seized Father Duver-
nai and his property and carried them off to St. Louis and thence
to New Orleans. The priests arrested were sent to France on the
steamship Minerve. All the pastors of the church to this date
were French Jesuits.
Pierre Gibault, the patriot priest of the northwest, was pastor
at different times from February 10, 1770, to 1792. In February,
1777, he administered the oath of alliegance to the French settlers
here, binding them to support and succor the American colonies,
then struggling for independence. For this he was arrested by the
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
British authorities and sent out of the country. Benedict Joseph
Flaget, afterward Bishop of Bardstown, in Kentucky, was the next
pastor. This church was his first ministerial work in this country.
Father Lavadoux was sent here by Bishop Carroll in 1795; John
B. Rivet, also sent by Bishop Carroll, remained from June 12,
1796. to January 31, 1804, the date of his death. He was the first
priest that died in Vincennes. Donatian Olivier came in 1805;
Charles Nernick/, in 1806; Urban Guillet, in 1808; Etienne Theo-
dore Badin, in 1810; Guy J. Chabrat, afterward coadjuter bishop
of Bishop Flaget; Father Rosati, afterward bishop of St. Louis;
Father Aequeroni, a Lazarist; Anthony Blanc, afterward arch-
bishop of New Orleans; Father Jeanjean; Anthony Ferrari, in 18 19;
Father Richards, who was afterward elected a member of congress
from Michigan; John B. Champomier, the builder of the present
church edifice, from 1823 to 1826; Father Durbin, in 1826; Father
Abel, in 1829; Father Fanche; Father John Timon, in 1830, who
was afterward first bishop of Buffalo; Father Reynolds, afterward
bishop of Charleston; S. P. Lalumiere; Father Petit; Xavier
Dahman; Linnis O. Coome; Stanislaus Buteux; Maurice Berrel;
Anthony Paut; Jul an Benoit; Augustus M. Martin; Benjamin
Petit; Anthony Deydier; Julian Delaune; John Claude Francois,
who celebrated mass for the first time in Indianapolis, in 1840,
and went as a missionary to the Catholics around Logansport;
Michael E. Shawe, one of the most eloquent pulpit orators of the
time; John A. Vabret; Conrad Schneiderjans; Francis Masquelet ;
Joseph Kundeck; John J. Corbe; John B. Chasse; Roman Wein-
zoepfel; Maurice de St. Palais, who subsequently became bishop
of the diocese; Hypolite Dupontavice; Francis Fisher; Ernest
Audran, who was ordained in St. Francis Xavier, April 26, 1846,
became its pastor, and so continued until 1868, when he was trans-
ferred to St. Augustin's church at Jeffersonville, where he has
remained to the present; John Gueguen; Bede O'Conner; John
Contin; H. Peythieu, from 1879 to his death, January 9, 1892; and
Louis Gueguen, from November, 1890, to the present time.
This historic church will ever remain a land-mark not only in
the political history of Indiana, but also in the history of Catho-
licity in the west. The mental eye will ever turn to it as the
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A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
mother church of the Wabash valley and of Indiana, whence ema-
nated faith and light and at whose altar ministered men as true to
church and country as those of any other state in our American
Union.
St. John the Baptist Church. — -In 1839 the German emigrants
to this country began to locate in Vincennes. The most of them
were Catholics, and first attended divine services in St. Francis
Xavier's cathedral, as members of that congregation. In a few
years they became so numerous that they were formed mto a sepa-
rate congregation, and occupied the cathedral at 8 o'clock on Sun-
days and holy days, but had no German priest. In 1846 Rev.
Charles Oppermann came and ministered for them. In 1847 Rev.
Conrad Schneiderjans was their pastor. They resided at the
cathedral pastoral residence, and the congregation worshiped at
the cathedral. In 1848 Rev. Nicholas Stauber became the pastor
of the German congregation, and also resided at the cathedral pas-
toral residence. But a beautiful square was purchased, upon
which he erected a portion of the present St. John's church, which
is a brick building, 80x40 feet. He was succeeded by Rev. Leon-
ard Brandt, who remained until 1856; Rev. William Engeln then
came and remained until 1863. He was succeeded by Rev.
yf^gidius J. Merz, who took charge in September of the same year.
The German congregation of St. John's was then very large and
increasing, and the church was soon found to be too small to
accommodate it. In the fall of 1866 Father Merz began enlarging
the church by making an addition, so as to make the building in
the form of a cross. This addition more than doubled the seating
capacity of the church and made it 154 feet long, and the transept
eighty feet longer. And again, in 1891, an addition to the church
was made in front and two lofty towers erected, making St. John's
church one of the largest and finest in the state. The church
square upon which the church is erected is one of the finest, if not
the finest, church property in the state of Indiana.
Father Merz died in March, 1896, and was succeeded by Rev.
Meinrad Fleischmann, the present pastor. The congregation num-
bers about 500 families and the large church-building is filled sev-
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IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
eral times on Sundays and holy days. In addition to the church-
building a very large and substantial brick building for the parochial
school is erected, and this is attended by at least 200 pupils. There
is also erected on the church square a very fine brick pastoral resi-
dence. The church square rises some ten feet above the level of
the sidewalk, and is surrounded on three sides by massive stone
walls. Taken all in all, St. John's German church of Vincennes
is one of the largest, richest and most flourishing congregations in
the state of Indiana.
WABASH, \VA15ASII COUNTY.
St. Bernard's Parish, of Wabash, was first attended as a mis-
sion by Rev. John Ryan and others from LaGro, Ind., until the
fall of 1870, and then by Rev. F. C. Wiechmann, assistant at
Peru, until 1871, when he became the first resident priest and
remained until 1879, when he was succeeded by Rev. M. M. Hal-
linan, D. D., who officiated until December, 1881, when Rev.
John H. Bathe became the pastor and remained until May 16,
1898, when he was followed by the Very Rev. P. J. Crosson, the
present incumbent.
St. Bernard's church-building was begun under the adminis-
tration of Father Ryan, was completed by Rev. B. Kroeger, and
was dedicated by Bishop Luers. The building is of brick, is
33x60 feet, and has a seating capacity for 200 persons. The
present attendance includes 120 families, mostly English-speaking,
and the auditorium is consequently well filled during divine serv-
ices. During Father Wiechmann's pastorate an effort was made
to establish a school, but was not successful, and since then no
vigorous endeavor has been made in that direction. The present
value of the church property is estim^ated at $7,000, and the con-
gregation is mostly composed of people who came here when the
Wabash & Erie canal, and also the Wabash railroad, were in
course of construction, or their descendants.
WANATAH, LAPORTE COUNTY.
The Church of the Most Precious Blood, at Wanatah, was
organized in 1887 by Rev. Dominic Schunk, there being then in the
parish about forty-five families, of German and Irish nationality.
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A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
Father Schunk officiated until 1897, and during his stay erected a
frame church-edifice, Sox 35 feet, with a seating capacity for about
300 souls, at a cost of $5,000.
Rev. Dominic Schunk also built a commodious school, to which
is connected a residence for Sisters and spacious room for boarders
(boys and girls). The expenses incurred on the school and Sisters'
residence amount to about $2,500. Persons wishing to place their
children in said institution should communicate with the Sister
Superior of the Precious Blood, Wanatah, Ind. The school was
built in 1888, and in the same year Rev. Father Dominic Schunk
built the parsonage at a cost of about $1,200. Rev. Dominic
Schunk deserves credit for his untiring zeal, as do also the good peo-
ple on account of their liberal contributions. Father Schunk, at the
time of building in Wanatah, had charge of ten or eleven missions.
This may give some idea of his indomitable courage.
After February 7, 1897, Rev. Edward Jacob officiated at Wan-
atah until September, when he was succeeded by Rev. Raymond
Vernimont, C. PP. S., who also has charge of the mission of the
Holy Cross, at Hamlet, in Starke county; the mission of St. Mar-
tin, at LaCrosse, in Laporte county, and the mission of St. Pat-
rick, at Walkerton, St. Joseph county.
The church property comprises forty acres of land, which land
was donated by a Mr. Tucker for the use of the church society and
its orphans as well as for school purposes. The school is under
charge of three Sisters of the Precious Blood, who give excellent
instruction to twenty-four pupils. There are some debts yet rest-
ing on this place; still, with the present good will of the people,
hope can be entertained of soon wiping the debt out, although
Father Edward, for his short stay at Wanatah, did remarkably
well in putting accounts on a good financial basis. Father Verni-
mont, the present pastor, has also been very active in this particu-
lar, as well as in the performance of his spiritual duties.
WARRICK COUNTY.
St. John's Church. — The initiatory steps toward the erection
of this church were taken in 1868 by a few German settlers in the
western part of the county, who, previous to that time, attended
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IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
services at St. Patrick's church in Vanderburj^ county. The cor-
ner-stone was laid by Rev. Charles Exel, of St. Wendel, Novem-
ber 9, 1868, who also, on the completion of the building, dedicated
it during the early part of 1869. From that time the congregation
was attended successively by the above Rev. E.xel, Rev. Ferd Vief-
haus and Rev. F. X. Girolt, from Evansville, until 1875, when it
received its first resident pastor in the person of Rev. Ale.x Koesters.
The most important event of the latter's administration was the
organization of a school and of the building of a parsonage. Upon
his appointment to another charge, during the latter portion of
1877, St. John's was administered to by Rev. John McCabe from
February 17 to October 13, 1878, when the rector, Rev. Clement
J. Conrad, took charge of the parish. He remained from October
13, 1878, to November 5, 1887; was succeeded by Rev. Theodore
Mesher, from April 15, 1888, to July, 1888; then Rev. Charles
Strieker came and remained from August 5, 1888, to June 15, 1890.
During his residence in this parish he introduced the Benedictine
Sisters and erected the first school-house in 1889, and also
attended to outside mission work. Following Father Strieker came
Rev. Edmond J. Schmitt, who remained from August 3, 1890,
until February i, 1896. During his pastorate he erected the beau-
tiful and imposing brick and stone church, which is a high model
in architecture. It commands a splendid view of the surrounding
country and it is a credit to the taste of the pastor and is the pride
of the parishioners. The corner-stone was laid by Rev. Father
Dickmann, of Evansville, December 19, 1894, and was dedicated,
by Bishop Chatard, May 25, 1895. The number of families is
about sixty-five. There are two Benedictine Sisters in charge of
the school, which is under the direct guidance and care of the res-
ident priest. The enrolment of pupils is about thirty-three. On
account of failing health Father Schmitt was obliged to relinquish
his work in the parish, and Rev. G. H. Moss assumed charge on
Ash Monday, February 19, 1896, and is the present pastor.
WASHINGTON, DAVIESS COUNTY.
St. Simon's Church, Washington, is noted as one of the oldest,
strongest and wealthiest Catholic organizations in the state. This
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
influential society had its inception near the beginning of the cen-
tury, when, in the year 1819, a few Catholic families, who had
settled in the vicinity, were visited by Bishop Flaget and united
in a body for divine worship. The parish was sparse and scat-
tered, and religious services intermittent and irregular. Ten years
later, in 1829, the spiritual impulses of the scattered members of
the Catholic society were accentuated and given a new vigor by
the visit of Father John Abell, from the diocese of Bardstown,
Ky., now Louisville, who, in June of that year, preached the jubi-
lee in Washington. During this time and until 1837 the Catho-
lics of this vicinity attended services at St. Peter's, Montgomery,
Daviess county. In this latter year the little society was placed
under the spiritual control of Rev. Simon P. Lalumiere, and the
next year, 1838, a house of worship built. This old church was
in constant use for nearly half a century and was torn down a few
years ago to give place for the present magnificent church-edifice at
Washington. The early years of this church were years of strug-
gle. In 1840 twelve pews accommodated the worshipers. The
growth of the church was slow but constant, and was swelled year
by year by the addition of new families, until to-day the congre-
gation of St. Simons numbers more than 300 families, among
whom are many representatives of the wealth, culture and refine-
ment of the city, and the church organization is not only very
strong financially but is a power for good in the community,
exerting a great and constantly increasing influence in the society
of the city.
Following faithfully in the footsteps of the pioneer missionary,
Father Lalumiere, the following pastors have served this congrega-
tion: Revs. Anthony Parrott, H. Dupontavice, John McDermott,
P. Hyland, J. B. Chasse, John Gueguen, Hugo Peythieu and
John W. Doyle.
St. Simon's church is situated on the northwest corner of
Hefron and Third streets, its main facade and entrance being on
the former street. Near the front, on Third street, is a side
entrance. In point of architecture the edifice is a pleasing com-
bination of the Gothic and the Circle, the roof having the distinct-
ive lines of the former and the windows and arches a graceful
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IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
blending of the two, constructed from plans b}- James J. Egan, of
Chicago. The ground space of the church is 130 feet four inches
by fifty-five feet ten inches. On the southeast corner is the mass-
ive tower, with an elevation of 115 feet and surmounted by a
golden cross. On the east side is the vestry, i8.\ 22 feet, and on
the west the chapel of the Blessed Virgin Mary, i8x 34 feet. The
sanctuary is 25 x 18 feet. The interior of the church presents a
noble and harmonious appearance, and the plan is such as to create
the impression of greater size than a view of the exterior would
suggest. The first appearance upon entering is one of much effect-
iveness, and the eye is charmed and soothed by the noble per-
spective, which is beautifully strengthened and softened by the sub-
dued light from the magnificent windows. The "harmonious effect
of these windows is particularly striking, creating at once upon the
beholder a feeling of proper reverence for the holy spot. The
first windows noticeable upon entering the vestibule are dedi-
cated to St. Joseph and the Blessed Virgin. On the right side
of the hall the first window is a gift of Win. M. Hayes; second,
memorial of Mrs. Anna Cabel; third, gift of James McMullen;
fourth, gift of Alice Maher; fifth, gift of the sodality of the Blessed
Virgin Mary; sixth, gift of Miss Alice Foster; seventh, gift of Mrs.
Harriet Murphy; eighth, gift of Anna Donita Wells. Lighting the
altar, and rendering especially conspicuous the rear of the church,
is a magnificent window, /x 16 feet, the gift of Rev. Hugo Pey-
thieu, a former pastor of St. Simon's. On the left, the windows
are inscribed as follows: Jacob Zinkan, Hugh McKernan, Ernest
A. Crosson, Altar society, memorial to Wni. McTegart, Sr. ,
memorial to William McTegart, Jr., St. Simon's T. A. society,
William Brady. The tower windows were donated by M. F.
Burke, Mrs. Thomas Dean, Thomas Dean, Michael Doyle, Mollie
Flynn, Rev. Thos. McLaughlin, Rev. Patrick Rower, Joseph B.
Graham, and Robt. C. Graham. Over the principal entrance are
two large windows, memorials to the late James Campbell and
Sarah Campbell. Father Doyle furnished the windows for the
vestry and the chapel.
St. Simon's church contains 160 pews and has a seating capac-
ity of 700. The building was completed in 1886 at a cost of
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
$25,000. The dedicator}' services were presided over by Bishop
Chatard and attended by clergy from all parts of the state, and
instructive lectures were delivered by Chancellor Dennis O'Don-
aghue and others. The parish owns considerable valuable prop-
erty adjacent to the church, comprising the pastor's residence, the
parochial school and the school of the Sisters of Providence.
St. Mary's Church (or the German church of the Immaculate
Conception), at Washington, dates its formation from about 1874.
For several years prior to that year it had been evident that the
German Catholics of the town required a church-building of their
own, but it was not until the year named that active steps were
taken for the erection of such an edifice. Forty German families
then formed themselves into a congregation and raised a suitable
structure of brick, at a cost of $13,000. The erection began in
the spring, and, although unfinished, was used for divine service
the following December. In January, 1872, the congregation was
fully organized by the Rev. John P. Sassel, who also started a
German school. He labored with heroic self-denial for the wel-
fare of his little liock until his lamented death, August 10, 1879,
and to his earnest work the church is indebted for its permanent
prosperity.
Father Sassel was succeeded by the Rev. L. M. S. Burk-
hardt in September, 1879, and this worthy priest erected the
school-building in 1 881, at a cost of $4,000, and a parsonage, in
1885-86, at a cost of $3,000. This building is of brick, is two
stories high, and contains eight rooms. Father Burkhardt was
followed, in October, 1889, by Rev. William Bultmann, in whose
time the interior of the church was frescoed, and a new organ
introduced. Father Bultmann e.xpired February 14, 1893, and
April 3, of the same year, the present worthy incumbent. Rev.
Francis Torbeck, was appointed to the pastorate. Father Tor-
beck has also labored effectively for the good of the congregation,
and has placed a furnace in the church and the parsonage, and
inclosed the grounds with an iron-rail fence. He has also enlarged
the school to three rooms, which are in charge of three Sisters of
Providence, who give instruction to about 160 pupils. The con-
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IN THK STATE or INDIANA.
gregation of the church numbers at present about i6o families,
and the church is practically out of debt.
St. John's cemetery, one mile north of the city, is owned
jointly by the congregations of St. Mary and St. Simon, comprises
forty acres, ten of which were dedicated by Bishop Chatard Sep-
tember 15, 1895, and is free from debt.
WHITING, LAKE COUNTY,
Sacred Heart Church. — The history of this congregation may
be briefly narrated as follows: The first congregation of the Sa-
cred Heart church at Whiting was gathered together by Father
KroU, of Chestertown, Ind. , in the fall of 1890, and January 26th,
1 89 1, the present pastor, Rev. M. J. Byrne, arrived from the cur-
acy of the cathedral at Fort Wayne to take charge of this scat-
tered settlement; services were held every other Sunday at various
places — at one time in the old school building in Oklahoma, at an-
other in the only hall in Whiting, over Green's saloon. At that
time there were only nineteen houses in the town. Property was
secured in the little grove on Center street, then a picnic ground,
for the erection of a church; this property was increased to the
amount of 250 feet front, and, under the direction of Father Byrne,
on March 19, 1891, ground was broken for the present edifice,
which was completed for dedication on May 24th of the same year.
The church committee consisted of Thomas Moylan, John Bucz-
kowski and Matt Keirans. The day of dedication was one long to
be remembered, as the great concourse of people attending from
neighboring towns significantly testified. The church was ble sed
by Vicar-General Brammer, of F'ort Wayne, and was given on that
occasion the name of Sacred Heart. The membership of the
church and its surroundings grew very rapidly under the able man-
agement of Father Byrne. A set of new altars were at once added,
a fine bell was procured and hung in the belfry and services were
held there every Sunday.
Orient hall was built as a place of convenience for the people
to hold fairs, meetings and exercises in, and old settlers still well
remember the enjoyment had at the first fair, at which was realized
$2,600.
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A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
The old hall was destroyed by fire April i, 1897, but a new-
hall was immediately erected at a cost of $3,500. This building
is of brick, and is two stories high — the second or upper floor con-
stituting a hall, and the first or lower floor being divided into three
rooms for school purposes, under the name of St. Michael's school.
In 1894 the lots were graded and filled, an iron fencing was
put in, sidewalks were laid and the pastoral residence was built.
The congregation grew with the town in size and importance. The
present number of families is i 10, the total number of souls 750.
In his seven years' service Father Byrne has had seventy converts
and 434 baptisms. St. Michael's school has an enrolment of 2 1 3 chil-
dren under six Sisters of Providence. Six different church societies
are thriving, and doing good both spiritually and charitably. The
first child baptized in the new church was the little daughter of
John Buczkowski, Helen Wanda. The first wedding was that of
William Hoctor and Eliza McKeiver; the first funeral was that of
Thomas O'Neil. The first choir was a children's choir — Mrs. John
Neville organist; the choir afterward was given over to the young
ladies, with Miss Kitty Garvin organist. Father Byrne, the first
pastor, who is still with the congregation, having been foremost in
every good work that has led to the upbuilding of the people and
the church entrusted to his care.
However, on June i, 1897, the parish was divided, the Slavs
and Bohemians going to the new congregation, leaving the present
membership of the Sacred Heart at iio families, with 213 school
children and six teachers, as mentioned above.
WINAMAC, PULASKI COUNTY.
• St. Peter's Church, at Winamac, was erected in 1861, under
the advice of Rev. Father Hamilton, of Logansport. Prior to
that year, possibly as far back as 1850, mass had been said by vis-
iting clergymen from Logansport at the home of Mark D. Falvey,
whose family, together with three others — -those of James Mulva-
ney, John Hoff, August Kratz and Michael Falvey, constituted the
Catholic population of Winamac. About i860 Mark D. Falvey
began soliciting funds with which to erect a Catholic church-
building, and succeeded in collecting about $400 from the residents
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IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
of the place, the CathoHcs, of course, subscribing as Hberally as their
means permitted. A trip up the railroad as far as LaCrosse, made
by Rev. Hamilton and Mr. Falvey, resulted in securing $40 addi-
tional. Two lots were then purchased and another was donated
and a small frame church was erected. When services were first
held in this modest frame structure, it was not plastered and the
seats were simply boards or planks, but the congregation was out
of debt, and as circumstances permitted the diminutive edifice
was completed.
No proper records of the work of the church were made until
1867, when Rev. Henricus Koenig was installed as pastor, and
from that date forward full data of the affairs of the church have
been placed on record. Father Koenig was succeeded by Rev. A.
Reichert, and he in turn by Rev. T. Wittmer, who erected the
school-building. In October, 1876, came Rev. Theobald Schoch,
who was succeeded in December, 1880, by Rev. Christian Nigsch,
under whose auspices was erected the present brick church, at a
cost of $10,000 to $12,000, one fair alone, given for the purpose
of raising funds in aid of this commendable project, realizing a net
profit of $2,300. Rev. Kilian Schill followed Father Nigsch in
December, 1885, and continued in charge until December, 1887,
and he, in turn, was succeeded by Rev. Joseph O. Missler, and he
by Rev. Joseph Uphaus in 1897.
YAXKEETOWX, WARRICK COUNTY.
St. Rupert's Parish was for some years in charge of the Bene-
dictines of St. Meinrad, and the following roster, gleaned from the
record of the parish, gives the succession of the pastors who
attended: Revs. Henry Hug, 1864; Chrysostome Foffa. 1866;
Fintan Mundwiler, from 1866 to May, 1867; Revs. Martin and
Kintrup, a short time each, from 1868 to 1869; Rev. Henry Hug,
again, from 1870 to 1871; Revs. Fred Mueller, 1871 to 1873; J. W.
Book, 1874 to 1886, who made great improvements in the parish;
next in charge were Revs. T. S. Mesker, 1886 to 1888; Geo. J.
Loesch, 1888; Joseph Villinger, 1888; Mundwiler and J. M. Zogl-
mann, 1888 to 1891; J. Hildebrand, 1891; Edwin J. P. Schmitt,
1892 to 1893; Charles J. Wagner, 1893 to the present time, 1898,
"1479)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
The Rev. Henry Hug, O. S. B., the first visiting pastor to the
thirteen Catholic famihes Hving in Yankeetown, said mass in 1864
in private houses, as opportunity offered. St. Rupert's church,
40 X 26 feet, a frame building, was erected in 1865, and was blessed
by the Rev. Chrysostome Foffa, O. S. B., January 2, 1866. In
1880, the congregation having grown too large for the building,
the church was considerably enlarged by Rev. J. W. Book, who
then had charge of the mission. The families in the parish at
present number thirty, or i 50 souls. The priest's home was erected
in 1893 and the school was built in 1894 under Rev. Charles Wag-
ner's administration, and the fair cash value of the Catholic prop-
erty of St. Rupert's parish is placed at $4,000.
The mission at Newburg is eight miles distant from St. Rupert's
parish, and there Father Wagner has charge of twenty-five fam-
ilies. The church property there is valued at $3,500. The Boon-
ville mission has a membership of twelve families, and the value
of the church property is placed at $7,000. The patron saint is
St. Clements, while the patron saint of Newburg mission is St.
John the Baptist.
YORKVILLE, DEARBORN COUNTY.
St. Martin's Parish. — The records of this parish date from
1852, and here Father Martin Stahl was the first pastor to admin-
ister to the people. The first church, which is of brick, was
erected in 1851 and is still in use.
This parish was a mission of St. Paul's at New Alsace, Ind.,
and also of Dover. In 1853, Father Andrew Bennett acted as
priest for a short time, and then Father Stapf came and officiated
until 1854. From June, 1854, until August, 1856, the Rev. Jos.
Neuber officiated; then Father A. Pinkers from August, 1856, to
April 26, 1858. Father Henry Koering was pastor for a short
time, or until July, 1858, and Father Weinzoepfel from August,
1858, to January, 1866; the next priest was Father Duddenhausen,
from April, 1866, to September, 1870; the next attendant was
Rev. Peter Siebmann, from October, 1870, to November 20, 1870,
His successor was Rev, Victor Schnell, who remained from
November 29, 1870, to March 25, 187 1; next came Rev. H. J.
(480)
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
Seibertz, who built the present commodious school in 1872.
(Father Benns, O. S. B., had charge during the summer of 1875,
when Father Seibertz was in Europe.) Father Seibertz returned
in November, 1875, and remained until June, 1877. Father
Schoentrup was then in charge, but only for a short time. The
next priest who had the care of the people was Rev. B. H.
Brueggemann, of St. John's parish at Dover, who attended from
September, 1877, to July, 1886. He was followed by the Rev. A.
Daenhoffer, the first resident pastor, who remained till February,
20, 1892, and who erected the priest's home at a cost of $2,500,
in 1888. Then came the present able priest. Rev. John H. Boer-
sig, who has since had charge of the parish.
(481)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
CHAPTER XIV.
BISHOP BRUTE, THE FATHER OF FREE-SCHOOL EDUCATION IN INDIANA
CATHOLIC EDUCATION AND PAROCHIAL SCHOOLS.
THE honor and credit of inaugurating and establishing free-
school education in Indiana belong to the Catholic church;
and the church dignitary who was personally and zealously active
in bringing it about was Rt. Rev. Wm. G. Brute, the first bishop
of the old diocese of Vincennes.
This great and good man, among the most discouraging sur-
roundings, and against the opinion and advice of his co-religionists,
and also against the expressed judgment of his non-Catholic neigh-
bors and acquaintances, practically gave rise to the system by
making, in 1834, the schools which he had just established at Vin-
cennes free to all — whether Catholic or non-Catholic; absolutely
free — without any reservation whatsoever.
This start for free education was made, it should be remem-
bered, more than twenty years before the present system of free
public schools was established in Indiana.
A bishop of the Catholic church in Indiana leading in a work
of this character constitutes a picture strangely in contrast with
the bold assumptions and false charges of some non-Catholic and
sectarian writers and ministers, who declare that the Catholic
church can not bear the light, and that therefore it is opposed to all
education and enlightenment among the masses as dangerous to its
schemes, to the success of which dense ignorance is a prime
essential. Nothing could possibly be more unfounded or injurious
than such false witness borne against an institution which alone
has the credit of having kept burning throughout the long centuries
of threatened barbaric ascendency the lamp of intellectual enlight-
enment and christian culture.
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
The work of educatinj^ and christianizing the masses, carried
on by the Catholic church from its very beginning, is happily
exemplified in this day by the attitude of Catholics, even in the state
of Indiana. That religion and secular education may go hand in
hand for the betterment of all, the Catholic people cheerfully sub-
mit to being taxed for the maintenance of Catholic schools, while
at the same time, in common with their non-Catholic fellow citi-
zens, they contribute their quota to support the public schools,
which they can not use, thereby being taxed double in support of a
thing to which they are falsley accused of being in constant and
bitter opposition.
To thus pay a double tax for the supp)ort of education implies
both a high sense of duty and a very keen appreciation of enlight-
enment. It also tells of a moral obligation c nscientiously recognized
and discharged by Catholics, which finds a counterpart in no other
christian community. Millions upon millions of dollars would not
be annually expended for Catholic education in the United States
unless the consciences of the Catholic people were alive to the
necessity for such education, looking as well to the eternal sal-
vation of the youth as to maintaining respect for authority and
law among the masses by the enlightenment of the conscience
through proper religious instruction imparted to the children in
the schools.
It is the one ugly stain upon the page of American history —
the crime of man against man — that the injustice of doubly taxing
Catholics — taxing them for something they can not use — is not
wiped out, is not righted, and righted at once, by the American
people.
In Canada, on our northern border, there is a j^eople the rul-
ing majority of whom, from the standpoints of government and
adopted laws, might be said to inherit more directly than do the
people of the United States the spirit of religious persecution and
proscription; yet the manner of control and management of the
public-school system of that country is so considerate and fair to
all classes and creeds, and so much on that account to be pre-
ferred before ours, that the wonder is we have not long since, in a
spirit of fairness, adopted it.
"(483)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
One of the leading features of Canadian laws touching the
expenditure of the money collected by taxation for school purposes
is, that each body of Christians is entitled to and receives its pro-
portionate share of said money, while the general government, in
taking care that this money is properly expended, requires only
that obedience to reasonable regulations be rendered, and certain
fixed educational standards be maintained and attained to. These
things fulfilled, each form of religion is free to be taught in the
schools, subject only to the choice of the people adhering to it.
In Canada, therefore, the Catholic people are not deprived of
the benefits of state aid in matters of education, nor are they
placed in the false and unjust position of being antagonistic to
general education. These things being so, a better feeling obtains
among all classes there, since, on this question, considerably
vexed among us in the States, there is no discrimination in favor
of or against any class or sect.
Neither in this country, in Canada, nor in any other country
in the world, are Catholics in favor of ignorance and opposed to
enlightenment. No man will assert the contrary who cares any-
thing for his standing, or who has any character to jeopardize by
such rashness. Those only who are victims of an inherited preju-
dice and who care little for the truth, will be guilty of thus bearing
false witness against their neighbors and against the Catholic
church, to which the world owes so much.
In the language of an Indiana priest. Catholics are not opposed
to universal education or to taxation for schools, or to compulsory
education, or to methods and contrivances of whatever kind by
which knowledge and enlightenment may be diffused through
the masses of the people. In this direction Catholics are willing
and anxious to go as far as others, but they, moreover, believe and
hold religious knowledge to be the primal and most essential ele-
ment of true human culture, and, consequently, that it should form
the basis of instruction and discipline in the school, as in the fam-
ily and the church. The work of molding and developing human
character is difficult enough when these three centers of influence
are in harmony and co-operation; but to bring them into antago-
nism is to undermine the work of each.
IN THK STATE OF INDIANA.
The piireh' secular character of the public schools is the result
of circuiTJstances, and not of a deliberate purpose; and its justifica-
tion is sought for on the grounds of expediency and not in principle.
But this does not affect the necessary tendency of such education
to produce religious indifference and, consecjuently, destroy the
power and vital influence of religion. A calm and dispassionate
view of the state of religion in this country, and of the causes by
which it has been brought about, is, of itself, enough to convince
an unprejudiced inquirer that this assertion rests upon a solid basis
of fact.
Hence the reasons for the existence of parochial schools may
be briefly summed up as follows: Education is the cultivation of
the heart as well as of the intellect. Therefore, mere instruction
in branches of knowledge cannot be called education, unless it be
interwoven with religious teaching. Consequently, Catholic chil-
dren cannot be thoroughly educated unless they frequent Catholic
schools, where, by breathing a Catholic atmosphere, under Catholic
teachers, with Catholic companions, and by exclusively Catholic
training, they are prepared to encounter the dangers of the world
into which they will eventually be thrown, and fitted to merit the
rewards of the world to come.
In the Catholic schools of Indiana there is, according to figures
given in the authorized almanacs for 1898, an average daily attend-
ance of 25, 134 pupils. These figures, for reasons purely local and
parochial, are not only very conservative, but actually low. A
more correct estimate would be arrived at by the addition of at
least one-third, making the total number of children attending the
Catholic schools of Indiana just 33,512. The cost of educating
these 33,512 children, not including the large outlay for school-
buildings, is quite an expense to Catholics, since they assume it in
addition to the payment of their regularly assessed taxes for the sup-
port of the public schools of the state. A low estimate of the annual
expense for educating public-school pupils is $14 per capita. At
this rate the additional burden which Catholics in Indiana are annu-
ally called upon to carry for the education of their children is the
large sum of $469, 168. This sum, necessary for the education of
the 33,512 children, if drawn from the public-school funds, which
^485)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
of necessity would be the case were there no Catholic schools,
would shift the burden upon the shoulders of the general tax -payers.
In consequence there would be a small-sized rebellion among thetn,
since, even as things stand now, there is no little grumbling that
such large amounts are demanded and spent in support of the state
schools.
And yet the majority of non-Catholics are opposed to the
existence of Catholic parochial schools, unmindful of the fact
that, under the present unjust arrangements, these schools are a
great saving to the general tax-payers, while they at the same time
are the great conservators of good morals and the inculcators of
unquestioned respect for authority and law. The saving of the
mere cost of educating these children, the sum of $469, 168, is not
all the saving by any means. The tax-payers are saved the great
expense of building and maintaining schools to accommodate these
33,512 children, which would run away up into the millions of dol-
lars, if we make the estimate on the basis of the cost of the public-
school buildings in cities.
Whether it be on considerations of this kind, or on the higher
grounds of principle and love for pure religion and good morals, it
is but the truth to admit and aver that a very respectable minority
of non-Catholics are not opposed to the existence of Catholic
parochial schools, or to the principles and aims of Catholic educa-
tion. On the contrary, they favor the system and they recognize
the necessity for its existence if the youth of the land are to be
properly equipped to fight the battles of life from the standpoints
of Christianity and good citizenship.
The thoughtful and fair-minded among the general public have
long since recognized the great benefits derived from education
conducted according to Catholic methods. Hence the large num-
ber of non-Catholic pupils who attend Catholic academies, col-
leges and universities. The young lady who nowadays can not
refer to her training as evidenced by her diploma from this or that
convent is at a decided disadvantage. Her character and stand-
ing are surely not heightened by the absence of such diploma.
Good habits, good morals, a sense of the importance of pure
religion, if not of the gift of true faith and the highest intellectual
(486r
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
training and culture, arc undoubtedly among the very important
considerations which induce parents, not wholly consumed by
prejudice (ignorance), to send their children to Catholic educational
institutions.
As the object aimed at in this chapter is mainly to give some
facts touching Catholic parochial schools in the state of Indiana,
the following reference to parishes supporting schools, by whom
taught, and the estimated number of pupils attencling (1898),
although incomplete, will be to the point and of interest:
ACADEMY p. O. , ALLEX COUNTY.
St. Vincent de Paul's school, Academy P. O., Allen county,
Ind. — This school, erected by the Sisters of the Holy Cross, is a
one-story brick structure, 30x16 feet, and is si.xteen feet high.
It is situated near the Auburn road, eighty rods east of the church.
It has one class room with a present attendance of eighty children.
Some of these children live a distance of over three miles from
the school. One Sister of the Holy Cross is in charge of the
school, which is free to all children of the parish; the only
expense connected with heir attendance is the obligation to sup-
ply fuel during the winter. The present reverend director of the
school is Rev. A. E. Lafontaine.
ALEXANDRIA, MADISON COUNTY.
St. Mary's School. — Here the present rector. Rev. Joachim
Baker, in 1896, erected a substantial brick structure, 45 x 65. The
same is a two-story building, with basement, and is a combination
of church, school and Sisters' residence. The school, under the
direction of Sister M. Jovita of the order of the School Sisters de
Notre Dame, of Milwaukee, was opened in September, 1897. The
children are taught in two rooms on the first floor, which have all
modern improvements and are well-lighted, heated and ventilated.
This building was erected at a cost of $8,500. It is conducted as
a free school, the salary of the teachers being paid from the
church funds.
As all beginnings are hard, thus also here. The energy of
priest and Sisters will soon demonstrate to the parents the benefits
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
of a true Christian education. The hope is expressed that par-
ents will not only allow girls, but also the boys, to complete their
course of studies, so that the 157 pupils may soon increase to
double the number and that the boys who need education so much
in our days may not be denied by avaricious parents what they
need to fit them for time and eternity.
ANDERSON, MADISON COUNTY.
St. Mary's School. — The buildings now occupied for school
purposes in St. Mary's parish are merely temporary. The original
frame school-house was removed to give place for the new church;
in 1876 the old church was converted into a school, and this, in
turn, will be removed before long to give place to a new school-
house. The two frame structures now in use as schools contain
four class-rooms and can accommodate 300 children. The present
enrolment is 266 pupils.
During the first year of its existence, the school was taught
by lay teachers; but in 1877 the Sisters of the Holy Cross assumed
control of it, and under their management it has developed from
a single class-room into a flourishing school of four rooms, employ-
ing four teachers. The average annual expense for maintaining
the school is $850, which amotmt is taken from the funds of the
congregation, the school being free. The average expense for
each pupil is $4.75. The reverend director of the school is Rev.
D. J. Mulcahy.
ARCOLA, ALLEN COUNTY.
St. Patrick's School, Areola, Allen county, was erected in
1883 by Rev. Father Hartman at a cost of $1,560. It is a one-
story brick structure, 40 x 30 feet, located twenty feet west of the
church with a main entrance on the north side. It contains one
school-room, which has a seating capacity for forty children, and
was occupied in 1883, Miss Wolford acting as teacher. It is now
taught by three Sisters of the Poor Handmaids of Jesus Christ,
who have sixty-six pupils in charge. The value of the school
ground is $ioo and that of the school-house $1,560. Rev. R. J.
Pratt is the present pastor of Areola.
(488)
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
ATTICA, I'OUNTAIN COUNTY
St. Francis' School. — This school, under the direction of Rev.
Chas. Lemper, is taught by the Sisters of St. Francis of joliet.
The school numbers hfty-three pupils. It is supported partly by
monthly dues and partly from the church funds. Since 1887, the
last report, improvements have been made in the playgrounds and
in the interior of the building, so that comfort and health of teach-
ers and pupils are well provided for. The consistent and system-
atic training daily given has proved a blessing to the parents and
children of Attica.
AVILLA, NOBLE COUNTY.
St. Augustine's School. — In i860 Rev. H. Schaefer, the first
resident priest in Avilla, put up a little frame school-house, at a cost
of $200, and later built a school-house, 16 x 20 feet, ceiling seven
feet high, and in 1868 an addition of fourteen feet was built to the
school. The first teacher was a Mr. Lette, who was succeeded by
Miss Christina Romarque, and she, in turn, by H. Buscher, John
Everharde, E. Spoth and August Vogeding, and then was placed
in the hands of the Poor Handmaids of Christ. At present the en-
rolment is 133 children, taught by the Sistersof St. Francis. The
present two-story brick school-house, 28 x 58 feet, erected in 1878,
by Rev. D. Duehmig, at a cost of $3,000, contains three school-
rooms and has a seating capacity for 150 children. The average
annual outlay for the school, including salary of teachers, is $550,
which amount is derived from monthly membership fees of St.
Joseph's School society, supplemented by funds of church. The
school is free to all children of the parish, many of whom attend it
from a distance of three, four and five miles. The average ex-
pense per pupil is about $5. The present value of the school
ground is $300, and of the building $3,600. One-fourth part of the
school-building is reserved for dwelling apartments of the Sisters.
Rev. D. Duehmig, who has had charge of St. Mary's congregation
since May 12, 1867, is the present reverend director of the school.
(489j
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
BLUFFTON, WELLS COUNTY.
St. Joseph's School. — The property on which this school-house
stands was purchased, in 1881, by Rev. F. Koerdt, and consists of
two lots, with a frontage of i 16 feet and a depth of 167 feet. The
building is a one-story frame structure, 18 x 20 feet, was erected at
a cost of about $350, and was originally used as a private residence.
The school was first opened in the church and taught there for
a few months, the chief object being to prepare fifteen children for
first holy communion. From July, 1881, to July, 1883, it con-
tinued to be taught by the first teacher employed. Miss Philomena
Wolford — at present Sister M. Joseph, of St. Agnes convent, Fond
du Lac, Wis. The enrolment of pupils was twenty-two — eleven
boys and eleven girls. The number of pupils was small, while the
cost for each was about $10 a year, an expense too great for the
ten families comprising the parish to defray; hence, the school was
discontinued in 1883. At present Bluffton is a mission, attended
once a month from Sheldon. The entire property is free from
debt. The present value of the school-ground is $1,750, and of
the school-house, with its appurtenances, $2,000.
CEDAR LAKE, LAKE COUNTY.
This is a " district " school, but as only Catholic children
.attend and only Catholic teachers are employed, instruction in
catechism and Bible history is given daily by the teacher and until
now the pastor has found no difficulty in giving instruction in relig-
ion. There are two school-rooms, but, as only one is occupied, it
is a convenient matter to assemble children for religious instruc-
tion. The pastor has the say in the selection of teacher. He
says: •' Should this with the privilege of Christian instruction be
denied I will start a parochial school." The word, phonic, top-
ical and inductive methods are employed. The school numbers
thirty-three boys and twenty-three girls.
CHESTERTON, PORTER COUNTY.
St. Patrick's School is a one-story brick structure, 52 x 26
feet. It was built in 1888, by Rev. H. F. J. KroU, at a cost of
(490P
IN THK STATE OF INDIANA.
about .i^6oo, and contains two school-rooms, which have a seating,'
capacity for 120 children. At present, however, but one school-
room is in use, as the number of children in attendance does not
exceed eighty-three. This school has always been taught by
secular teachers, the first being Patrick Frawley. The average
annual expenditure for the school, including the teacher's salary,
is $500, paid from pew rent, and the average annual cost per pupil
is about $7.93. The present value of the ground used for school
purposes is $1,000, and of the building, with appurtenances,
$1,000. A new building, however, is now in process of construc-
tion, to cost $3,125, under the direction of I^ev. Frederick Von
Schwedler, the present rector.
COLUMBIA CITY, WHITLEY COUNTY.
St. Joseph's School. — In 1866, the first Catholic school was
erected in Columbia City, by the Rev. H. V. Schaefer, at a cost
of $1,000. The present two-story brick structure, trimmed with
Bedford stone, was put up in 1887 by the present zealous pastor.
Rev. A. M. Ellering. It is 32 x 54 feet, main building, with a
wing of 20x30 feet, and contains two class-rooms on the first
floor and a sodality or school-hall on the second floor, running the
full length of the building.
At present eighty pupils answer to the daily roll call and are
taught by two Sisters of St. Agnes, whose mother-house is in Fond
du Lac, Wis. Religieuse of this order have been in charge of the
school since 1879, the first teachers having been Sister Alexia and
Sister Claudine. The estimated annual expense of the school,
includingthe salary of the teachers, is about $500. The annual aver-
age expense for each pupil is from five to seven dollars. The income
propsr. for the support of the school, consists of a tuition fee from
the children whose parents can afford to pay fifty cents or $1.00
per month; but, as many of the parents are too poor to pay even
this small amount, the present pastor pays one-half the salary of
the teachers from his own scanty means. The value of the school
ground is $2,000, that of the school-house, with its furniture, is
$6, 500; and the original cost of erecting the teachers' dwelling
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
was $ 1,000. The present reverend director of the school is Rev.
A. M. Ellering.
CRAWFOKUSVILLE, MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
St. Bernard's School. — In 1863 this two-story structure was
erected, at a cost of $5,000, and placed in charge of Sisters of
the Holy Cross. It contains three class-rooms, and has seating
capacity for 150 pupils. At present 121 pupils are in regular
attendance, and are taught by three Sisters of the Holy Cross
order. The amount required by the Sisters to defray the expenses
of the school is derived from a monthly tuition fee of $1.00, paid
by each child whose parents can afford the contribution. Chil-
dren of poor parents have all the advantages of the school free of
charge. The average annual expense for each pupil is $7. 50. The
present value of the school grounds is $5,500, and the estimated
value of the school-building and its appurtenances is $8,000. Very
Rev. John Dempsey is director of the school.
CROWN POINT, LAKE COUNTY.
St. Mary's School. — ^The first school in Crown Point was a
one-story frame building, put up by Rev. H. Meissner, in 1875, at
a cost of $1,000. The first teacher employed was Ad. Ger-
lach. Later the school passed into the hands of two Sisters of St.
Agnes, from Fond du Lac, Wis. In 1890, after the completion of
the present church, the old one was remodeled into a school-house
of two rooms, to which two rooms have since been added, and the
attendance is now 130 children, under the supervision of four Sis-
ters of St. Agnes. The annual outlay for preserving the building
in order and for defraying the salary of teachers is $550, which
amount is derived from tuition fees of fifty cents a month from
pupils who are able to pay, supplemented by funds from the
church. The present value of the school ground, including play
ground, is $600. The value of the school-house with appur-
tenances is about $2,000, and the value of the Sister's dwelling,
erected by the congregation, is $1,000. The average annual
expense for each pupil is about $6.95. The present reverend
director is Rev. Philip Guethof^.
(492r
IN THE STATK OF INDIANA.
DKCATUR, ADAMS COUNTY.
St. Joseph's School is attached to St. Mary's church, and was
first opened in a small frame building, erected for the purpose by
Rev. Jacob Meyer, in 1858. It contained but one room, which,
at that date, was sufficient school accommodation for the number
of Catholic children in Decatur.
In 1880 this frame structure was replaced by the present two-
story brick-building, 60x46 feet, at a cost of $5,600. It is situ-
ated twenty feet west of the church, on the corner of Madison and
Fifth streets, with its main entrance on the east side. This school-
house contains four cheerful, well-ventilated class-rooms, fully
supplied with all school necessaries. Many of the children live in
the surrounding country at a distance of from one to five miles from
the school. Four Sisters of St. Agnes, from Fond du Lac, Wis.,
took charge of the school in 1880, upon the completion of the new
building, and it is now under the care and able management of
eight of these Sisters. The present value of the school ground,
including a spacious play-ground, is $2,000, and the value of the
school-building, with its appurtenances, is $6,700. The present
director of the school is Rev. H. Theo. Wilken, who, in 1893,
added a new school-building, with two rooms, and the present
attendance is 333 pupils.
DELPHI, CARROLL COUNTY.
St. Joseph's School. — The first Catholic school in Delphi was
erected, in 1863, by Very Rev. A. B. Oechtering, at a cost of $800.
It is a one-story brick structure, 45^35 feet, and contains two
school-rooms. The first teacher employed in the building was Mr.
Sullivan, who was succeeded by Mrs. Wilson. In 1876, upon the
invitation of Rev. John Bleckmann, who had succeeded to the pas-
torate of St. Joseph's church, three Sisters of Providence assumed
charge of the school. In addition to the fitting up of the school
Father Bleckmann rented and furnished a house for the teachers.
A few years later the " Daly " property was purchased, and then a
senior department for girls was opened in the Sisters' dwelling-
house.
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
When Rev. H. A. Boeckelmann took charge of the parish in
1885 he sold the Daly property and bought property next to the
school, on which stands a frame building. 47x27 feet. The senior
class of girls was removed to this building, which also contains the
dwelling apartments of the Sisters. The three school-rooms now
in use have a seating capacity for 124 children, with an attendance
of 117, under four Sisters. The average annual expense for
repairs, fuel, etc., is about $80, which amount is paid from church
funds. The money required for the maintenance of the teachers
is derived from tuition fees of fifty cents or seventy-five cents a
month from children who are able to pay. The average annual
expense per pupil is $5. The value of the combined lots now
used for school purposes is $3,300, and the value of the buildings
is about $4,700. The present reverend director of the school is
Rev. C. M. Romer.
DUNNINGTON, BENTON COUNTY.
St. Mary's School, at Dunnington, is taught by the Franciscan
Sisters, of LaFayette, and has an attendance of 147 pupils. The
school is free, the salary of the teachers being paid from the church
funds. In this rural district the pastor and Sisters labor hard to
give the dear little ones that elevation of the intelligence and heart
which is given to the more favored children of larger cities. And
here also has it been well understood that the character of the
instruction given in the school will largely shape the condition and
needs and aspirations, both spiritual and temporal, of the com-
munity.
DYER, LAKE COUNTY.
This is one of the favored district schools in which only Cath-
olic children attend and Catholic teachers are employed, and salaries
are paid from the public-school fund of Lake county. The chil-
dren attend daily mass and the pastor is at perfect liberty to teach
catechism and Bible history. Still both pastor and people regret
very much that present circumstances do not justify the starting of
a parochial school. The school is taught by a Franciscan Sister,
(494)
IN THE STAT1-: Ol' INDIANA.
and a male lay teacher who has charge of the higher grades. The
school numbers eight}' attendants.
KAKl. PARK, I'.ENTON COUNTY.
St. Anthony's School is a one-story frame house, built in 1869,
by Michael Sickel, at a cost of $400. The first teacher employed
was Joseph Riesel, who was succeeded by Miss Carrie Dehner,
Joseph Dehner, Henry Boers, Miss Susan Theno and seven other
teachers, the present one being Miss Maggie Higgins. In 1873
Anthony Dehner, the oldest settler and the pioneer of this section,
built to the school-house an addition of twenty feet, thus increas-
ing its dimensions to 24 x 48 feet, not including a hall, 8x10 feet,
used for the childrens wraps. The present enrolment is twenty-
eight boys and thirty-seven girls.
The average annual outlay for the school is $500, most of
which amount is paid by the state, the school being a district
school, free to all who attend. During the summer a special term
is held and pupils attending it are charged $1 per month. The
average expense of the school, per pupil, is $16. The present
value of the school ground is $100 and of the school-building, with
appurtenances, about $700. The present reverend director of the
school is Rev. P. J. Weber.
EGE, NOHLE COUNTY.
St. Mary's School. — The little frame building that served as
the first Catholic school in Ege owes its origin to Mr. Girardot, a
pious pioneer settler, who, in 1863, built it to serve as a church
for the few Catholics then living in the vicinity. Ege at that date
was a mission which was visited at stated times by the Rev. Father
Shaefer. In 1875 it became necessary to build a larger church to
accommodate the increased number of Catholics in the settlement;
then the little frame church was converted into a home for the first
resident priest, Rev. F. X. Ege.
In 1883 this worthy priest opened a school, and for this end
he gave one room of his own residence to be used as a school-
room until the congregation should be able to build a school-house.
In February, 1886, this building was destroyed by fire, but the
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
school was not interrupted, for an adjacent store was at once
rented and in it school was continued until December of the same
year, when the present fine school-house was ready for occupancy.
This building is a two-story brick, 40 x 30 feet, and contains two
class-rooms, each having a seating capacity for seventy children.
At present, however, one room supplies all the school accommo-
dation required, and forty-five pupils are taught by two Sisters of
St. Francis. The average annual outlay for the support of the
school is about $210, derived from pew rent, as the school is free
to all the children of the parish. The annual expense per pupil is
$3.23. At present the value of the school ground, including four
acres surrounding the building, is $100. The value of the school-
building and the Sisters' residence, which is attached, is about
$2,400. Rev. F. Faust is the present reverend director of the
school.
ELKHART, ELKHART COUNTY.
St. Vincent's School, at Elkhart, Ind., consists of one brick
building, 28x71 feet, and a frame, 25x33 feet. The former was
originally used as a church; but in 1888, upon the completion
of the new church, it was remodeled into a school and the frame
building was erected to furnish further accommodations for the
pupils. These tv;o buildings, each one-story in height, gi\"e four
school-rooms, with a seating capacity for 177 children. The
original cost of the brick structure was $2,400, and of the frame
structure $500.
The first school-house in the parish owes its beginning to Very
Rev. A. B. Oechtering, who, in 1881, changed the old church into
school-rooms, at a cost of $1,800. The school from its founda-
tion has been in charge of Sisters of the Holy Cross. At present
there are three of these Sisters engaged in the class-rooms and the
attendance at the school numbers sixty-nine boys and sixty-four
girls. The present value of the school ground is $5,000, and the
school and its appurtenances $3,000, and of the teachers' resi-
dence, $1,800. The revenue for the support of the school is
derived from tuition fees paid by the pupils and about one-half
from the church funds. The average rnnual expense for each
(490)
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IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
pupil is $7.50. The present reverend director is Rev. Henry A.
Boeckelmann.
ELWOOI), MADISON COUNTY.
St. Joseph's School was erected in 1892, by Rev. B. Hiegel,
at a cost of $600. It is a one-room, frame structure, 26 x 36 feet,
and has a seating capacity for 100, but as the present attendance,
223 pupils, overcrowds the room, the intention of the reverend
pastor is to convert the old church into a school-house as soon as
a new church can be erected. Owing to this want of school room,
children are obliged to leave the school when they have made
their first holy communion, a fact greatly to be regretted. The
present teachers are three Sisters of St. Joseph. The annual out-
lay for the school, including the teachers' salary, is $350, which
amount is derived from tuition fees, of fifty cents, $1.25 and
$1.50 from each family, according to the number of children edu-
cated from it. The average annual expense per pupil is $3.10.
The present value of the school ground, including play-ground, is
$500, and of the school-building with its appurtenances, $700. The
present reverend director of the school is Rev. B. Biegel.
FORT WAYNE, ALLEN COUNTY.
St. Augustine's School for Girls, Fort Wayne, was opened in
1845 on the very site which it occupies at the present day, forty-
five feet north of the cathedral. It is the oldest parochial school
in the diocese of Fort Wayne and owes its origin to the zealous
missionary, Mgr. J. Benoit, late vicar-general of the diocese.
As early as 1844 the first Catholic school was built in Fort
Wayne by Contractor John Burt, who received in exchange three
acres of land north of the present city, from Rev. S. T. Badin. In
the year following Mgr. Benoit, then resident priest in Fort Wayne,
with a parish extending into several of the surrounding counties,
invited the Sisters of Providence of St. Mary's of the Woods to
take control of the school. In the fall of that year the school
opened with Sisters M. Magdalen, Caroline and Catherine as
teachers.
The first school-house was what is now the central part of the
convent, fronting Calhoun street. In it the Sisters taught during
1499)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
five years; but long before that time had elapsed the rooms were
overcrowded. In 1850 a one-story brick school-house, containing
three rooms, was built a few rods to the east on Jefferson street.
This served as an English and German school for girls until 1853,
when the German children were removed to their own school on
Lafayette street. Even after their departure, the school-house was
too small to accommodate the number of English-speaking children
that sought instruction in St. Augustine's school, so that the build-
ing was torn down in 1867 to give r om for a wing that was added
to the main building, at a cost of over $18,000. This wing, still
in use, is more than three stories high and consists of six rooms
and a basement.
In 1883, more room being needed, another wing was built
south of the main building, running east, at a cost of nearly
$20,000. This second addition completed the accommodations
required in the school, which can now comfortably seat 350 chil-
dren. It contains the high-school class-rooms, art and music
departments, and apartments for boarding pupils. The course of
study pursued give a thorough English education, and is combined
with a commercial course for girls who wish to prepare themselves
for active work as amanuenses or bookkeepers. The present
enrolment of pupils is 370. Eighteen Sisters are employed as
teachers in all departments. The annual average outlay for keep-
ing the premises in order is about $300. This amount, and that
which is required for the maintenance of the teachers, is derived
from tuition fees paid by the pupils who can afford to contribute.
The charges vary from twenty-five cents to $2 a month, according
to the grade in which tne pupil is. The average expense per pupil
is about $5 a year. The present value of the school ground,
incl .ding the large play-ground, is about $75,000. The value of
the building, which has a frontage of eighty-six feet with two
extensions, each 112x30 feet, is $65,000, including its appurte-
nances. The present reverend direc or of the school is Rev. Fred
Dandurand.
The Cathedral School for Boys. Fort Wayne, Allen county,
Ind., dates its origin back to 1848, when Right Rev. Mgr. J. Benoit
IN THE STATE Ol- INDIANA.
opened a school for boys in a frame building, erected at a cost of
several thousand dollars, and A. Walters was placed in charge.
In 1858 three Brothers of the Holy Cross assumed control of the
school and taught in the frame building until 1862, when the new
brick school-house was ready for occupancy. This edifice was
erected also by Father Benoit. The original cost of this structure,
including the ground upon which it stands, was $10,000. It is a
solid brick building, 45x60 feet, and contains seven school-rooms,
which afford a total seating capacity for 375 boys, but at present
245 only attend, under the control of seven Brothers of the Holy
Cross. In 1884 the course of studies hitherto pursued in the
school was extended to embrace a commercial department, in which
is given a thorough training in bookkeeping, phonography and type-
writing. From this department were graduated many of the most
successful business men of Fort Wayne. The average annual out-
lay for the support of this school is $2, 500, which amount is derived
from tuition fees varying from seventy-five cents to $2 a month
and from the revenue of the church. The average annual expense
per pupil is about $7. 50. The present value of the corner on which
the school stands is $30,000, and the value of the school-building
with its appurtenances is about $50,000. The house occupied by
the Brothers, which also belongs to the congregation, is worth about
$3,000. Rev. John Durham is the present reverend director of the
school.
St. Mary's School. — The first school in St. Mary's parish.
Fort Wayne, was a small frame building erected in 1853, by Rev.
E. Faller, at a cost of $400, on the very site which St. Mary's
church now occupies. It was destined as a school for the boys of
the parish, and served this purpose until 1862, when the present
boys' school was built at a cost of $ro,ooo. This school has a
frontage on Lafayette street of seventy feet, and a depth of forty
feet along Jefferson street. It is a two-story brick structure, con-
taining three school-rooms on the first floor, and a hall 70 x 40 feet
on the second floor. The first teachers of the boys' school were
Mr. Ohnhaus and Mr. Geiger.
In the year that saw the opening of the boys' school the girls
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
of the parish, who had been attending St. Augustine's since 1845,
were removed to their own school in the brick building on Lafay-
ette street. This structure served the double purpose of church
and the lower floor as a girls' school and Sisters' house. The pos-
sible cost of this building was $3,000. The first teachers in the
girls' school were three Sisters of Providence. In 1859, upon the
completion of the new church, the whole building was changed
into a school-house, and in 1878 an addition was made to it; but
in 1 89 1 the entire edifice was torn down to make room for the
present m.agnificent school-house and convent erected by Rev. J.
H. Oechtering at a cost of $20,000.
In August, 1865, the management of the girls' school passed
into the hands of three School Sisters of Notre Dame, from Mil-
waukee. In 1879 a fourth Sister took charge of the smallest boys,
and in 1 880 two more sisters came to teach the intermediate classes
of boys. At present nine of these religiouses are engaged in the
schools. The total enrolment of pupils is 521; of this number
283 are boys. The new school-house, finished in 1891, fronts
Lafayette street, and measures 75.x 65 feet, with a convent at-
tached, 55x40 feet. This building contains five large school-
rooms. It is admirably planned as to ventilation, heating and con-
venience, is elegantly finished and so complete in its arrangements
that it lacks nothing that a perfectly equipped school needs for its
classes. The play grounds are spacious and sufficiently retired
from the street to permit such games as promote healthful action
of mind and body. Most of the children attending school live in
the immediate vicinity, but a few come from a distance of two
miles. After first holy communion an average of twenty of the
first communicants continue in school.
The annual outlay for the school is $1,900, which amount is
derived from three sources — $1,500 from the School society, $200
tuition fees from children whose parents are not members of the
society, and the balance from church funds. The average annual
expense for each pupil is about $4.
The present value of the ground used for school purposes is
$17,000; the combined value of the school-buildings, with their
(502)
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
furniture, is $2 1,000, and the value of the Sisters' dwelling is $10,-
500. The present director is Rev. J. H. Oechtering.
St. Patrick's School. — The first school established in St.
Patrick's parish, Fort Wayne, was opened by two Sisters of Prov-
idence, in 1886, on South Calhoun street, in the Bond building,
rented for that purpose by Very Rev. J. H. Brammer, V. G. The
opening enrolment was seventy boys and twenty girls, but before
three years had elapsed it was necessary to seek a larger building
for the accommodation of the greatly increased number of pupils
attending the school. To meet this demand a two-story frame
building, on Fairfield avenue, was purchased, in 1888, by Rev.
T. M. O'Leary, then director, and remodeled into a school-house
consisting of four school-rooms, two for boys and two for girls.
Here the school was taught until 1891, when it was removed to
the present handsome school-house, on the corner of DeWald and
Webster streets. This building was erected by the present pastor
of St. Patrick's congregation. Rev. J. F. Delaney, at a cost of
$12,000. It is a brick structure, with Sisters' dwelling annexed,
and is located eighty feet west of the church to the rear. It is
80x60 feet fronting W'ebster street, is two and one-half stories
high, and contains eight class-rooms, four on each floor, with a
seating capacity of 480 children.
The building is thoroughly ventilated and well-lighted, while
the school-rooms are provided with everything necessary for the
use of teachers and pupils. The present enrolment is 440, of
whom 226 are boys. At present there are eleven teachers, Sisters
of Providence, whose salary is dependent upon what they collect
from the pupils. The tuition fees are seventy-five cents a month
from those who are able to pay. Poor children are received free
of charge. The expense incurred for keeping the building in
repair, fuel and water supply, is defrayed by the congregation.
The estimated expenditure of the school, including what may be
termed the teachers' salaries, is $2,500 a year. The present value
of the school ground, including play-ground, is $8,000. The value
of the school-building, with appurtenances, is $13,000, and the
value of the teachers' residence, erected by the congregation, is
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
$4,000. The school is considered the finest in the city, being
handsomely frescoed and in everyway convenient, and the sanitary
condition perfect.
St. Paul's School. — This school was established in 1866 under
the direction of Rev. E. Koenig, in a small frame building near
the site of the present school-house. The first enrolment of
pupils was fiftv-six, but the number increased from month to
month, and it became necessary, in 1868, to build a new school-
house. This two-story brick building, situated on the corner of
Washington and Griffith streets, gave two large rooms, which with
another room provided by the old parochial residence in 1880
accommodated the pupils until 1886, when the old church was
remodeled into a school-house of two rooms. At present these
two buildings are in use for school purposes and have a total seat-
ing capacity for 250 children. The brick building is 40x50 feet,
and the frame structure is 75 x 37 feet. Both buildings front on
Griffith street; they are cheerful, well ventilated, and amply fur-
nished with everything that is necessary for a good school. While
a f w of the pupils attend from a distance of three miles in the
country, most of them live in the vicinity, and remain in school
after first holy communion until the close of that term.
At present i 10 boys and 100 girls are in regular attendance.
Three Sisters, Poor Handmaids of Christ, teach the girls and the
small boys; John Hauck teaches the older boys. These teachers
were preceded in the school by Peter Mettler, Ferdinand Buehler
and Miss Clementine Koenig, who were successively in charge of
the little ones of St. Paul's parish.
The original cost of the brick building was $4,000, and the
cost of remodeling the old pastoral residence, used for a time as a
school, and the fitting up of the old church, summed another
$4,000, making a total original expenditure on the school-building
of $8,000.
The present average annual outlay for the maintenance of the
school is $1,050, of which amount $900 are derived from member-
ship fees of the School society; the remainder is taken from the
church funds. The average annual expense per pupil is $6.
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
At present the value of the school ground, includinf^ the play
ground, is $5,000, and the combined value of the school-buildings
is about $7,000. The value of the house occupied by the teacher
is $500.
Rev. E. Koenig, who had charge of St. Paul's congregation
from December, 1865, died on January 22, 1898. On February 7
the present rector. Rev. H. F. Joseph Kroll, was appointed by the
right reverend bishop and since February 23d has had charge of
the congregation.
St. Peter's School. — The first school-house erected in St.
Peter's parish was put up by Rev. John Wemhoff, in 1872, at a
cost of $8,000. It was first taught by Mr. Rose, who was suc-
ceeded by two other lay teachers until i88[, when it was placed in
charge of the School Sisters of Notre Dame, from Milwaukee,
Wis., as noted in the church history.
The building is a two-story brick structure, 40 x 80 feet, on
Martin street, seventy-five feet east of the church, to the rear,
with main entrance on the north side. It contains six school-
rooms, which afford a total seating capacity for 355 children.
The rooms are airy, comfortable, and well furnished with school
necessaries. The upper story of the building is thrown into one
large hall, 40x80 feet, which is used for sodality and other
parochial ass.mblies. The present enrolment of pupils is 355;
the boys number 185 and the girls 170. Six Sisters of Notre
Dame are now employed as teachers, and the school continues to
improve from year to year under their management. Alter first
holy communion, such pupils are retained in St. Peter's school as
wish to continue their studies, and are advanced in all the princi-
pal branches of the high-school course. Most of the pupils live in
the vicinity, but a few have their homes at a distance of one to
three miles from the school.
The average annual .outlay for the school is about $1,500.
This amount is generally derived from fees of St. Joseph's School
society, established for that end. The monthly membership fee
is sixty-five cents, but that of widows twenty-five cents only. The
children of parents paying sixty-five cents enjoy'the privilege of a
"(505)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
free school, but children whose parents are not members of the
society pay $i per month tuition fee.
The present value of the school ground, including a spacious
play-ground, is $5,000. The value of the school-building, with
appurtenances, is $10,000; and the value of the Sisters' dwelling-
house is $5,000. The present director is Rev. F. Koerdt, who
has formed a building association for the purpose of collecting
funds with which to erect a more commodious school-house, with
halls and club-rooms, the cost of which will probably approximate
$35,000.
FOWLER, BENTON COUNTY.
Sacred Heart School was erected in 1891, at a cost of $1,200,
by Rev. A. Henneberger. It is a two-story frame building, 26 x
32 feet, and serves the double purpose of school and dwelling for
the three Franciscan Sisters, from LaFayette, who are in charge of
the school, which was opened in September, 1891, by Sister Luit-
gera, with an enrolment of sixty pupils. The number of children
continued to increase so rapidly that another room had to be pro-
vided within two months after the opening of the school. To meet
this demand the one large ro3m was divided by a partition, still the
school is overcrowded, for its seating capacity is sixty, while the
average attendance is thirty-five boys and thirty girls. The school
is free to the greater number of the pupils; some pay fifty cents a
month tuition fee, but the amount collected from them does not
exceed $150 per annum. The average expense of each pupil for
the year is about $7. The ground attached to the school is two
acres, and is valued at $500, while the school and its furniture may
be valued at $1,500. The present reverend director of the school
is Rev. H. A. Hellhake.
(iARRETT, DEKALB COUNTY.
St. Joseph's School. — In 1880 the present pastor of St. Jo-
seph's church, Rev. A. Young, built the first Catholic school in the
parish. It is a handsome brick structure, 30 x 50 feet, and con-
tains four rooms, with a seating capacity for 240 children. At
present 177 pupils attend the school, and are in charge of four
(606)
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
teachers, Sisters of the Most Precious Blood, whose residence,
erected for them by the congregation at a cost of $800, is on the
same lot as the school.
The school is supported from funds raised by the monthly
contributions of the School society. Children whose parents are
members of this society enjoy the advantages of the school with-
out additional cost of tuition; other children are required to pay,
if able, from fifty cents to $1 per month. The annual expenditure
for the school, including teachers' salary, is $750 a year, which
comes to about $4. 75 per pupil. The original cost of the school-
building was $6,000; its present value, including its appurtenances,
is $10,000, and the value of the ground upon which it stands is
$8,000. The present reverend director of the school is Rex. A.
Young.
GOSHEN, ELKHART COUNTY.
St. John's School. — The first Catholic school in Goshen was
erected in 1867, by Rev. Henry Meissner, at a cost of $550.
Until the year 1881, it was taught successively by Mr. Duehmig,
brother of the Rev. D. Duehmig, Mr. Laly, Mr. Wagner, Mr. Tid-
ner and Miss Catherine Smith.
In 1 88 1 the present school-house was erected at a cost of
$1,100. It is 30x40 feet, one and a half stories high, and con-
tains two class-rooms, which have a seating capacity for 130 chil-
dren. The present attendance, however, does not exceed fifty
pupils. Sisters of the Holy Cross have been in charge of the
school since the erection of the new building in 1881, and at pres-
ent three Sisters are engaged in the school-rooms.
The average annual outlay for the school, including the sal-
ary of the teachers, is $450. Of this amount $400 were paid as
salary until last year, when the Sisters received but $300. The
sources of income for the school are three: Tuition fee, at fifty
cents a month; collections and socials held for the purpose, and
membership fees of St. Joseph's society, organized on November
13, 1892. The average expense per pupil is about eight dollars a
year. The present value of the school ground, including play
ground is $800, and of the school-building, with appurtenances,
"(507)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
$1,300. The Sisters occupy the house formerly used as a paro-
chial residence, and Rev. S. M. Yenn is the present reverend
director of the school.
HAMMOND, LAKE COUNTY.
St. Joseph's School. — The first school-house erected in this
parish was put up by the present pastor, the Rev. H. M. Plaster,
in 1885, at a cost of $600. In 1888 this structure was replaced
by a fine brick building, which cost $11,000. Its dimensions are
50 X TOO feet; it is two stories high, and contains an assembly hall
20 X 50 feet and five school-rooms, which have a seating capacity
for 307 chilJren.
The first teachers employed in the school were four Sisters of
Providence: Sister Clementine, Sister Mary Michael, Sister Mary
Lewis and Sister Mary Peter. Since then the number of teachers
has been increased to eleven, and the attendance of pupils has
reached an enrolment of 168 boys and 195 girls. The average
annual expenditure for the maintenance of the school is about
$1,500. This amount is derived from monthly tuition fees, the
average charge to each pupil being fifty cents. The expense per
pupil is about six dollars a 3'ear. The present value of the school
ground, including a spacious play-ground, is $5,000. The value
of the building, with its appurtenances, is $15,000, which figure
includes the value of the Sisters' residence adjoining. Rev. H.
M. Plaster is the present reverend director of the school.
All Saints" School. — Pather Edward F. Barrett erected a
school-building in Hammond at a cost of $1,000, and opened a
school in September, 1897. The children of the English-speaking
parishioners of St. Joseph's church, after their separation, still
attended St. Joseph's school, until circumstances made it possible
to have their own. The school has 155 pupils, and are taught by
four Sisters of Providence, under the direction of Sister Mary
Patrice. Tuition fees are exacted as means of support. This
school is rapidly increasing though still in its infancy, for here the
heart is found vibrating in constant and harmonious unison with
every accent of the lips and effort of the mind. Here true Chris-
(SOST
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
tian affection of pastor and sister causes the little ones to dearly
love their parish school.
St. Casimir's School, for the benefit of the Polish people, is
taught by a male lay teacher, the organist of the parish church.
It numbers at present forty boys and thirty-seven girls. The
school is not a graded school, as most of the pupils come per elec-
tric car from East Chicago and Whiting. Hence the attendance
in winter is somewhat irregular. The Polish population is of a
shifting character and children rarely attend after first holy com-
munion. The teacher's salary is paid from funds collected partly
by tuition fees and partly from pew rent. Rev. K. Kobylinski is
the present director.
HESSE CASSEL, ALLEN COUNTY.
St. Joseph's School. — The first school-house in Hesse Cassel
was erected in 1868, by the congregation, at a cost of $1,600.
The present school-house was erected in 1880, at a cost of $3,200,
by Rev. H. F. Hueser, D. D. It is a fine two-story brick build-
ing, 50 X 26 feet, and contains two nice school-rooms, which have
a seating capacity for 120 children. At present but one of these
rooms is in use, as the number of pupils does not exceed seventy-
five, under the care of three Franciscan Sisters of the Sacred
Heart. The average annual expense for supporting the school is
about $450, which amount is derived from three sources: Tuition
fees, at twenty-five cents a month; the membership fees of the
School society, and from pew rent. The annual expense per
pupil is about $8. At present the value of the one acre of ground
used for school purposes is $300, and the value of the school-
building, with its appurtenances, is $3,600. These figures include
the value of the teachers' residence, which is connected with the
school-house. The present reverend director of the school is the
Rev. Max Benzinger.
HUNTINGTON, HUNTINGTON COUNTY.
School of Sts. Peter and Paul. — The first school-house in this
parish was built in 1859 by Rev. F. Fuchs, at a cost of $100 in
"(509)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
excess of the gratuitous labor of the early settlers of the town.
The names of the first teachers and the early history of the school
are not on record. The present three-story brick school-house
was erected in 1873, at a cost of $17,000, by Rev. George Steiner.
It contains a hall 66x 38 feet, and five school-rooms, and has seat-
ing capacity for 300 children, with an attendance of 188 pupils,
who are under the management of four School Sisters of Notre
Dame, whose convent is attached to the school-house. The aver-
age annual outlay for the school, including the salary of teachers,
is $900, which sum is derived mostly from tuition fees of twenty-
five cents and fifty cents a month. When the amount collected in
this way is insufficient to cover the expense, the balance is sup-
plied by funds from the church. The annual expense per pupil is
$3.65. The present value of the school ground is $3,000, and the
value of the school-building with appurtenances and convent is
$25,000. The present reverend director is Rev. J. H. Hueser,
D. D.
St. Mary's School. — The new parish of English-speaking peo-
ple at Huntington erected a new school, at the cost of $8,000, in
the fall of 1897. It is complete in every detail, having all the
latest improvements in school-building. There are cloak rooms
and wash stands for each room. Play rooms and closets are in the
basement. The school is taught by the Sisters of Providence, and
is attended by i 30 pupils, sixty-three boys and sixty-seven girls.
Expenses are defrayed partly by tuition fees and partly from pew
rent. Rev. John R. Ouinlan is the present reverend director.
May this school, year after year, gather an abundant harvest and
may each succeeding term find her sending forth youthful souls,
who may prove useful citizens and good Christians.
INDIANAPOLIS, MARION COUNTY.
The Sacred Heart School. — Convinced of the great necessity
of a parochial school, the reverend Franciscan Fathers had
planned from the beginning to build a school as soon as means
would permit.
In the year 1876 a beginning was made and the first class put
(MOT
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
into the hands of Sebastian Hoenig. It remained thus until August
of the same year. On the 1 8th day of August, 1877, there arrived,
at the request of Rev. P. Ferdinand Bergmeyer, O. F. M., four
Sisters of the congregation of the Sisters of St. Joseph, at Caron-
delet, St. Louis, Mo., namely: Mother M. Claver, superioress; Sis-
ter M. Assisium, Sister Cyrilla and Sister Theodora. A good,
.pious widow lady, Mrs. Frommhold, placed her house and furni-
ture at their disposal, where they resided until the following year.
She herself a few months later entered the Community and was
received in the provincial-house at Troy, N. Y. At the expiration
•of her two years of novitiate she was admitted to her holy pro-
fession, as Sister Clarissa Aurelia. On the first Monday in Sep-
tember the sisters entered upon their field of labor, opening school
on the same day with an attendance of eighty-live children. These
were taught in two class-rooms located in the building, occupied
by the Franciscan Fathers. Ven. Br. Leopold, O. F. M., taught
the larger boys and also directed the choir. In the vear 1882, he
was succeeded by Ven. Br. Maikus, O. F. M., who remained
there until 1894. On June 16, 1878, the Sisters of St. Joseph
purchased a few lots on the corner of South Meridian and Palmer
streets, whereon they built their residence. On October 4 of the
same year the new school-building was solemnly blessed by the
Right Rev. Francis Silas Chatard, who was assisted by Rev. P.
Ferdinand, O. F. M., Rev. P. Pancratius, Rev. P. Arsenius, Rev.
P. Ale.xius and Rev. D. O'Donaghue, chancellor of the diocese.
The Sisters removed to their new dwelling on October 5. Beside
the Sisters' apartments, the building also contained three spacious
class-rooms, which were opened to the children of the parish on
the following day. The attendance at this time numbered about
150 children. In April, 1879, a fourth class-room was opened.
As the number of scholars rapidly increased, a new addition was
erected, expressly for school purposes. On January 6lh, Rev. P.
Francis Haase, with the assistance of Revs. P. Augustin Heuseler
and P. Arsenius Fahle, solemnly blessed the same. On January
10, the Sisters began their work in the new building with an
attendance of 300 children, who were divided into six classes.
In 1 89 1 another wing was built to the school. The number
31
.(oil)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
of pupils increased so rapidly that, notwithstanding all their build-
ings, it became necessary to place a class into the basement. In
1895 there were about 450 children who attended the Sacred
Heart school. Now, 1898, there are seven class-rooms in the Sis-
ters' building. The highest class of boys, which, till 1895, had
been in the convent of the Franciscan Fathers, has now been
transferred into the new school-building, north of the church.
Ven. Br. Marcus, O. F. M., who, up to this time had taught this
class, was sent to the college at Teutopolis. His successor at
Indianapolis was X. Vollmer. He also had charge of the choir.
Owing to his feeble health he, after one year's teaching, confined
himself to the management of the choir. Then the Sisters took
charge of all the classes. At present, 1898, the Sacred Heart
school consists of ten classes, three of which are in the new school-
building. The number of all the pupils is 530. Those pupils that
wish to receive a better education are taught in a special high class
where the pupils, beside the other branches of learning, are also
instructed in fine arts, such as music, painting, etc. The staff of
teachers is composed of sixteen Sisters of St. Joseph, under the
direction of Mother Ludwina, as principal.
KEXTLANI), NEWTON COUNTY.
St. Joseph School was erected in 1876, by Rev. A. Messman,
at a cost of $300, was taught successively by M. N. Touskin, Miss
Mary O'Donnell and Miss Catherine Cunningham; but it was dis-
continued after a few years and not reopened until 1885. Then
the old church was remodeled and fitted up in a manner suitable
for school purposes, by Rev. \\\ C. Miller, at a cost of $1,000.
This reverend Father procured lay teachers for two years; but in
1867 he placed the school in charge of two Franciscan Sisters
from LaFayette. An addition was then built to the teachers' resi-
dence, and other necessary repairs were made, which, in all, cost
the congregation the sum of $500. and steam heat has since been
introduced at a cost of $390.
The school-building is a one-story frame, 24 x 70 feet, -contains
two well-ventilated class-rooms and has a seating capacity for 100
children, but the present daily attendance does not exceed forty-one
{M2r
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
pupils, now under three Sisters. The annual outlay for the support
of the school is derived from tuition fees of fifty cents a month
from children who are able to pay, supplemented by funds taken
from the church treasury. The present valufe of the ground used
for school purposes is $300, and the value of the school-building,
with its appurtenances, $2,000. The present reverend director of
the school is Rev. C. Ganser.
KLAAS\'ILLE, LAKE CorXT^'.
St. Anthony's School opened with Alb. Weber as the first
teacher employed. It is a one-story frame building, 21 x 30 feet,
and has a seating capacity for forty-five children. At present
there are thirty-five in attendance, under the care of two Sisters
of St. Francis, from Joliet, 111. The average annual expense for
supporting this school is $150, raised by subscription or by tuition
fees of fifty cents a month. The average annual expense per pupil
is about four dollars and seventy cents. The present value of the
one-acre lot on which the school-house stands is seventy- five dol-
lars, and the value of the school-building with its appurtenances
is $600. The house erected for the Sisters by the congregation is
worth $700.
KOKOMO, HOWARD COUNTY.
St. Patrick's School. — The old one-story frame school-build-
ing was the old church remodeled into a school-house of two
rooms. This school accommodation was provided in 1874, upon
the completion of the new church, and it cost the congregation
about $500 to fit up the building in a manner suitable for school
purposes. The building measured 30x60 feet, a space which
afforded two large class-rooms which could seat about 100 children.
The first teachers employed in St. Patrick's school were Miss
Mar\- Commerford, Miss Lizzie Sheridan, Miss Mary O'Donnell.
In 1888 the school was placed in the hands of religious teachers,
and at present it is conducted by the Sisters of St. Joseph. A
new school-house has been built of brick, stone and slate, with a
fine front tower, large basement, and is one of the finest in the
state, at a probable cost of $10,000. The annual outlay for sup-
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
porting the school, including the salary of the teachers, is $800,
which amount is derived from monthly tuition fees of fifty cents
from children who are able to pay, and from pew rents. The
average expense per pupil is about five dollars, and the attendance
is 128.
The present value of the ground used for school purposes is
$1,600, and the value of the buildings with their appurtenances is
$12,000. The present reverend director of the school is Rev. F.
Lordemann.
LAFAYETTE, TIPPECANOE COUNTY.
St. Mary's Boys' School is a substantial brick building situated
on South street, in the rear of the church. Here the Brothers of
the Holy Cross, from Notre Dame, tnd., began their school for
education of the boys of St. Mary's church in 1867. In 1895 the
school was put in charge of the Sisters of Providence, from St.
Mary's of the Woods, near Terre Haute, Ind. Concerning it we
quote from the official report of the diocesan school board:
Grades, seven; teachers, three; time of school, ten months in
the year; terms in year, two; free days (exclusive of Saturdays
and holy days of obligation) St. Patrick's, and some national holi-
days. Course of instruction: Christian doctrine, sacred history,
penmanship, spelling, reading, geography. United States history,
grammar, church history, arithmetic, physiology, algebra, geom-
etry, natural history. Volumes in library, 200. Rates of tuition
per quarter, $5, $3 and $2.50.
St. lioniface's School. — This school occupies two buildings.
The boys' school is situated on Ninth street, between Ferry and
North, adjoining the church. It is a well proportioned two-story
brick building, furnished throughout with a view to its purpose.
The girls' school is situated on Tenth street, between Main and
Ferry, and rises on tiie foundation of the church building used up
to 1 866. It is two stories high and arranged for four classes.
St. Boniface's parochial schools comprise four grades, with
162 boys and 180 girls. The average daily attendance is 270.
Teachers, four Sisters of St. Francis, and one male teacher, prin-
IN THK STATE OF INDIANA.
cipal of the boys' school. Time of school, ten months inthe\ear;
terms in year, one; free days (exclusive of Saturdays and holy days
of oblijL^ation). from Christmas to New Years, and the national holi-
days.
Course of instruction, English and Cerman: Singing, Chris-
tian doctrine, sacred history, penmanship, spelling, reading, geog-
raphy, United States history, grammar, arithmetic. Volumes in
library, 1,481. Rates of tuition per month, 50 cents.
St. Ann's School. — The great distance from the southwestern
part of the city, the notable " First Ward, " to St. Mary's necessi-
tated the erection of St. Ann's chapel on Wabash avenue. The
children of the district were collected into a school, and in 1S68 it
was in full operation in the upper story of the chapel on Wabash
avenue and Smith street. Later, for the convenience of the little
ones, it was decided to remove the chapel to the upper floor and
to occupy the ground floor for school purposes. And after the
completion of St. Ann's church, whose stately proportions already
grace Wabash avenue and Green street, the whole of the old
building will be utilized for a school. The official report gives the
following information:
Grades, six; average daily attendance, 142; teachers. Sisters
of Providence; time of school, ten months; terms in year, two; free
days (exclusive of Saturdays and holy days of obligation), March
17th and the national holidays. Course of instruction: Singing,
Catholic doctrine, sacred history, penmanship, spelling, reading,
geography, United States history, grammar, arithmetic. Rates of
tuition per month, fifty cents.
St. Lawrence's school. — This latest addition to the Catholic
parochial school system of Lafayette became necessary on account
of the growth of the city toward the northeast. St. Lawrence's
school was opened in October, 1896, and now averages a daily
attendance of 100 children. It is in charge of the Franciscan
Sisters. The building, which contains the chapel on the second
floor, is admirably arranged for school purposes. It is of brick,
with stone facings, and is two stories high. It was erected with a
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
view to accommodating a large graded school. The course of
instruction is on the lines of the other Catholic schools of the city.
The Catholic parochial schools of LaFayette are all in a
flourishing condition. The buildings, grounds and appurtenances
are well kept. The reader may judge for himself what an amount
of annual expenditure they cause, and might do well to remember
that its assumption by his Catholic fellow-citizen saves him just so
much on his tax bill.
LA(;R(), WABASH COUNTY.
St. Patrick's School. — The present school-house at LaGro is
the old frame church remodeled. It contains one room. 30x60
feet and is upon the same lot with the $20,000 new brick church,
erected by Very Rev. M. E. Campion, in 1871. It is one story
in height, and the seating capacity is hity; but owing to the dis-
tance some children live from the school, the average attendance
of pupils is but twenty-four. The school, thirty-two pupils, is
taught by one Sister of the Franciscan Order, and is free to all
children of the parish, for the most of those in attendance are too
poor to pay a regular monthly tuition fee. The revenue for the
support of the school is derived from private donations and from
an annual festival held for that purpose. The present value of
the school ground is $200; of the school-house, including its fur-
niture, $600; and of the teacher's residence, $500. The Rev.
Peter J. Ouinn is the reverend director.
LAPORTE, LAPORTE COUNTY.
St. Joseph's School. — The present school-house, the first
Catholic school erected in LaPorte, was built in the year 1863, by
Rev. M. Scherer. The building is of brick, one story high, and is
60x30 feet. It was erected at a cost of $1,500, but an addition
built in 1875, consisting of a hall 30 x 30 feet, has placed the value
of the school building at nearly $2,000. The class-room is capa-
ble of seating too pupils, but the present daily attendance does
not average more than eighty. The first teacher of this school
was the Rev. M. Scherer, who, realizing the need of early Catholic
instruction for the little ones of his parish, gave himself to the
IN THE STATP: of INDIANA.
humble work of training; them, with a trul}' pastoral solicitude.
At present the school employs two Sisters of the Precious Blood,
and the number of pupils is seventy-two. The money to meet
expenses is derived from tuition fees of fifty cents a month, sup-
plemented by funds from the church. The present value of the
school-ground, including play-ground, is $i,ooo, and of the school-
building with its apjMirtenances, $2,000. The house erected for
the teachers is worth $1,700. The present reverend director is
the Rev. Anthonv Messman.
St. Rose's school, erected by Sisters of the Holy Cross over
thirty years ago. is a large two-story frame structure. Beside
dwelling apartments for the Sisters, it contains four school-
rooms, with seating capacity for i 50 children, but is attended by
only eleven boys and twenty-nine girls. The school revenue
depends upon the amount of tuition collected by the Sisters. The
rate of tuition is $1 per month for those who are able to pay, but
poor children are taken free of charge. The average annual
expense for each pupil is $10. The present value of the school
grounds and buildings, all owned by the Sisters of the Holy Cross,
is $6,000. Rev. George Schramm is the present reverend director.
LOGAXSPORT, CASS COUNTY.
St. \'incent de Paul School was one of the first parochial
schools established in the diocese of Fort Wayne. Early in 1862,
when Rev. George A. Hamilton had completed the present beauti-
ful church-edifice, he sought, for the little ones of his flock, teach-
ers who would mold their hearts and minds into the principles of
the Catholic faith, and in response to his invitation the Religious
of the Hoi}' Cross opened this school in 1863.
Within a few years the school-house proved to be inadequate
for the needs of the parish, and, in 1870. Rev. F. X. Lawler, who
had succeeded Rev. Geo. A. Hamilton in the pastorate of the
parish, erected, at a cost of $2,500, another building, which was
to be used as a parochial school for bo3'S. At this date, 1870, the
boys' school was taught by Mr. Von Weller and the girls' school
was under the direction of Mother Compassion, with Sister Sebas-
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
tian, Sister Augusta, Sister Charles and Sister de Pazzie, as her
assistants.
In 1874, the boys' school was doubly enlarged, and continued
in charge of a lay teacher until 1880. The Brothers of Holy
Cross then assumed charge, but transferred it to the Sisters in
1882, since which time the parochial schools of the parish have
been exclusively under the control of the Sisters of Holy Cross.
The two schools. Holy Angels' academy and St. Vincent's
boys" school, as they now stand, afford accommodations for 300
children. Holy Angels' academy contains five rooms and St. Vin-
cent's school eight rooms, well ventilated and fully equipped with
necessary apparatus for teaching. The grounds are ample for
exercise during recess, and the location of the buildings is con-
venient. The average daily attendance of 300 reaches the full
capacity, and is equally divided as to the sexes. The average
annual expense for each pupil may be estimated at $5, drawn from
a small monthly tuition fee, and any deficit being made up from
the general fund of the congregation.
As regards St. Vincent's school-building for the boys, three
years ago, in May, 1895, necessity existed to procure a new build-
ing. The old building has seen its best days and served its pur-
pose. It was during this month of May, 1895, that Very Rev. M.
E. Campion concluded to erect a building suitable to the wants of
his parish and one which would be a credit to the people of the
parish and to the city. Consequently the very reverend father had
the old building torn down and the present beautiful building
erected. It cost, built and ready for use, furnished with every
modern convenience, $16,400, and is three stories high. The first
story is devoted to society purposes, the second to school pur-
poses, and the third contains one of the finest halls in the state —
a veritable little and complete opera house and having a seating
capacity of 700. There is every reason for the local pride had
in this surpassingly beautiful building. The evening it was dedi-
cated the press of Logansport, September 18, 1895, had this
to say:
The opening of the new St. N'incent's institute for boys proved all and more
than the most sanguine had expected. The audience was large and fashionable,
(M8r
IN THE STATE Ol" INDIANA.
llic speeches aprDiuis and willy, .iiul the ir.iisic all liial was wanted Id ciiin|)lete an
evening of rare pleasure and i)rofit. ( )i the speech making, it can l)e truly said
that it afforded a literary feast of unusual excellence. Such orators as Hon. Fat-
rick. Keefe, \'ery Rev. John R. Dinnen, ex-Mayor \i. C. D. Reed, Mayor George
P. McKee, Hon. D. P. Baldwin and Rufus Magee were on the program and each
accpiitted themselves most creditably. Very Rev. M. K. Campion officiated skill-
fully as master of ceremonies. The Elite .Mandolin orchestra furnished music,
and vocal selections were rendered by the Carleton (piartette, James I). Murjihy,
Little Nora McHale and Miss Theresa Hinder, from Chicago. Frank Hanley also
favored the audience w-ith one of his pleasing dances. Throughout the building is
wired with (>lectric lights and its a])pointments are said to be among the finest in
the state.
Father Caniiiiou and his tlock are U) be congratulated ui)on this successful
termination of their wurthy ambition.
St. Joseph's School. — The first school in St. Joseph's parish
was opened February 2, 1870, in an old building that had pre-
viously been used as a hotel. From 1870 to 1877, the school
passed under the control of both secular and religious teachers, but
was not permanently organized until September, 1877, when it
was given in charge to the School Sisters of Notre Dame, from
Milwaukee. The school then numbered sixty pupils, but since
that time the enrolment has increased to 288 pupils. The beauti-
ful building now occupied as St. Joseph's school was erected in
1891, at a cost of $20,000, by Rev. H. Ivoehne. It is twenty-four
feet east of the church, on the corner of Second and Market
streets, is built of brick, with stone basement, and measures 70X 80
feet. The main entrance is on Second street. This new school
contains a hall on the third floor, 64x70, six well furnished, airy
and commodious class-rooms, with a seating capacity for 350
children, who are in the care of six teachers. Sisters of Notre
Dame, under the Ven. Sister Aloysia. The school is supported by
a monthly tuition fee of sixty cents from pupils able to pay it, and
from the funds of the congregation. The school-ground is ample
and its value is estimated at $1,500. The school itself, with
appurtenances, is worth $25,000, and the old school has been
remodeled into a dwelling for the teachers, at a cost of $1,000.
The present reverend director of the school is Rev. H. Koehne.
St. Bridget's School was erected in 1875, by Rev. B. Kroeger,
at a cost of $9,000. It is a large two-story brick structure, 100x44
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
feet, situated on the corner of Wheatland and Wilkinson streets,
and is now used as a church and a school. Beside the hall, which
at present serves the congregation as a place of worship, the build-
ing contains four cheerful class-rooms, which afford a total seating
capacity of 250 children. There is now an enrolment of sixty-six
boys and fifty-two girls, under charge of three Sisters of St. Joseph.
The annual outlay for the school, including" the salary of teachers,
is made up of tuition fees at the rate of fifty cents a month, and
money taken from the church funds. The present value of the
school-ground, including play-ground, is $2,500, and the value of
the building, with its appurtenances, is $9,500. Rev. B. Kroeger
is the present reverend director of the school.
MICHIGAN CITY, LAPORTE COUNTY.
St. Mary's School. — The first Catholic school established in
Michigan City was built in 1866, by Rev. Father Scherer, at a cost
of $1,500. The teachers of this school were Sisters of the Holy
Cross, who, at the same time, opened an academy, the parochial
school being taught in the old church. The present two-story
brick school-house was erected in 1886, b}- Rev. J. Bieckmann, at
a cost of $19,865. It is 90 X 74 feet and contains six school-rooms
and a hall, 84x35 feet, the attendance being 321. In addition to
the above there has been erected an academy, known as St. Mary's,
at a cost of $20,000. The total attendance is 530, and the teach-
ers are ten School Sisters of Notre Dame. The reverend director
of the school, at present, is Rev. John Bieckmann,
St. Stanislaus' School was erected in 1891 by Rev. E. J.
Wrobel, at a cost of $7,400. It is a large two-story frame build-
ing, 80 X 48 feet, and at present this building serves the double
purpose of church and school. Besides the hall, which serves the
congregation as a place of worship, the building contains three
cheerful and well furnished school-rooms, witii a seating capacity
for 160 children. The present enrolment is 150 pupils, with an
attendance of fifty-seven boys and forty-six girls. Sisters of the
Holy Cross have had charge of the school since its organization,
and two of these religieuse are now engaged as teachers. The
(520r
IN THE STATE 01-- INDIANA.
first teachers were Sister Mary Wilfrid and Sister M. Ladicjlaiis.
The average annual outlay for the support of the school, including
the saiar}' of teachers, is $450, which amount is derived from
monthly tuition fees of fifty cents. The yearly expense per pupil
is about $5. The value of the school-ground, including play
ground, is at present $1,500, and the value of the building with its
appurtenances is $7,800. The present reverend director of the
school is Rev. E. J. Wrobel.
MISIIAWAKA, ST. JOSEPH'S COUNTY.
St. Joseph's School was erected in 1863, by Rev. Henry
Koenig, at a cost of $600, and the first teacher employed was Jacob
Zahm. However, it may be mentioned that, as early as 1847, the
Sisters of the Holy Cross had Mishawaka in view as a suitable
location for an academy, and they taught school there for a short
time; but in 1849 the}^ gave up the place. Nine years later school
was opened in the old church and taught there by Mr. Venn from
1858 until i860, when the old frame church was burned, which
caused the school to be discontinued until 1863. The present
school-house consists of three story buildings, one brick and two
frame, whose combined dimensions are 26 x 52 feet. These build-
ings, completed in 1877, at an aggregate cost of $2,100, afford
three large class-rooms and have a total seating capacity of 240
pupils, but the present attendance is 268 children. Some of these
children live at a distance of over three miles from the school.
Seven Sisters, Poor Handmaids of Christ, are in charge of the
school.
The present value of the school-ground, including play-ground,
is $5,000, the value of the school building, with appurtenances, is
about $1,800. The house occupied by the Sisters was purchased
by the reverend pastor in 1878. Very Rev. A. B. Oechtering is
the present reverend director of the school.
MONTEREY, ITLASKI COUNTY.
Holy Family School, the first in the parish, was erected in
Mofiterey during the summer of 1895, by Rev. Charles A. Thiele.
Connected with the school is the Sisters' dwelling. It is a two-
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
story brick structure, 65 x 24, having two well ventilated and fur-
nished school-rooms on the first floor and a hall above. The
attached Sisters" building is 30 x 24, containing eight rooms.
School and dwelling were built and furnished at a cost of $3,000.
The school is taught by the Sisters of St. Agnes and is attended by
seventy-six pupils; thirty-seven boys and thirty-nine girls. Each
child pays a monthly tuition of twenty-five cents and the rest of
the salary is taken from the church funds. Father G. Zern is
the present reverend director.
MONROEVILLE, ALLEN COUNTY.
The School of St. Rose of Lima, now in course of erection, is
a two-story brick structure, 29x50 feet. Its estimated cost is
$3,500. When completed it will consist of two school-rooms on
the first floor, with a seating capacity for about 120 children, and
a hall, 27x49 feet, for parochial meetings, on the second floor. It
will be in charge of religious teachers, and will have a probable
enrolment of fifty pupils, twenty boys and thirty girls, some of
whom live a distance of three and one-half miles from the school.
The school will be free, and the means necessary for its support
will be derived from the proceeds of entertainments, lectures, etc..
supplemented by money from the church funds.
The school, when completed, with its appurtenances, will
probably be worth about $4,000, and the value of the house
bought for the teachers' residence is $233. For some time a lady
teacher instructed the communion class for two months each year.
Rev. R. Paquet is the present pastor of Monroeville.
MUNCIE, DELAWARE COUNTY.
St. Lawrence's School, at Muncie, was erected in the summer
of 1880 by Rev. William Schmidt, at a cost of about $2,900. It
was a two-story frame structure, 45 x 35 feet, and contained four
school-rooms, two measuring 30 x 30 feet, and two measuring
I 5 X 30 feet. These rooms had a seating capacity for 200 chil-
dren, but the average number in attendance was 155. The first
teacher of this school was Rev. William Schmidt, the pastor of
the congregation. Unable to procure teachers during the first
(522)
I\ THE STATE Ol- INDIANA.
year after the erection of the school, this reverend father gener-
ously devoted his time and talents to the training of the children
of his parish. In i88r, he confided the school to the care of Sisters
of St. Joseph, from Cleveland. Ohio; from their hands it passed
into those of the Sisters of St. Af^nes, of Fond du Lac, Wis. At
present five of these Sisters are in charge; and the school, from a
single ungraded room, in the beginning, has developed into a well-
graded school of three departments, primary, intermediate and
senior, each comprising three grades. It requires nine years attend-
ance at school to go through the course of studies, giving one year
to each grade. This system of grading the school was completed
in 1892, when the school was removed to its present location, with
another room and teacher added. In 1897 the church was
remodeled and two rooms were added to the school, which is now
attended by 303 pupils. The school revenue is derived from
monthly tuition fees of fifty cents from single pupils, and $1 from
families having two or more children in school. In case of a defi-
ciency of revenue, the amount needed to meet the demand was
taken from the priest's salary until four years ago; now it is taken
from the funds of the church. The present value of school grounds
is about $4,000, of the school with appurtenances, $4,500; and of
the teachers' residence, $3,500. The present reverend director is
Rev. William Schmidt.
NEW CORYDOX P. O. , J.AY COUNTY.
Holy Trinity School was erected in Jay county in 1881, at a
cost of $1,000, by Rev. Joseph Uphaus, priest of the Order of
the Most Precious Blood. It is a two-story frame, 30x25 feet,
one-half mile east of Holy Trinity church, near the convent of
the Sisters of the Most Precious Blood. The accommodations
furnished by the two well-equipped school-rooms soon drew to this
little nursery of education 124 children, sixty-four of whom were
boys. The history of the school has continued unaltered from its
foundation, twelve years ago, to the present date. Two Sisters
of the Most Precious Blood are in charge of the school, and its
doors are open, free of charge, to all children of the parish. The
annual average expense for each pupil is about $4; and the outlay
"(523)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
for keeping up repairs and teachers' salaries is $400, which income
is derived from pew rent. The present reverend director of the
school is Rev. George Fleisch, C. PP. S.
NEW HAVEN. ALLEN COUNTY.
St. John the Baptist School. — The year 1865 saw the erec-
tion of the first Catholic school in New Haven, by Rev. W.
Giedle. It is a one-story frame building, 22 x 34 feet, and was
put up at a cost of $500. This school-house served its purpose
until 1872, when it became necessary to build, at a cost of $8,000,
a two-story brick structure, 40 x 50 feet, to furnish additional
room and a dwelling for the Sisters. These two buildings, adjoin-
ing, give four rooms, three of which are in use, and have a seating
capacity for 180 children. At present 128 pupils are in attend-
ance, under the care of three Sisters of St. Agnes, from Fond du
Lac, Wis. These religieuse took charge in 1871, before which
time the school was taught by seculars. The average number of
boys enrolled is seventy-three, while the enrolment of girls is only
fifty-seven. The annual expenditure for the school, including the
teachers' salaries, is $750. Of this amount one-half is paid by
the congregation and the other half is derived from society fees
and a small rate of monthly tuition, from twenty-five cents to
seventy-five cents, charged to pupils who are able to pay. The
average annual expense for each pupil is $v50. The present
value of the school-ground is $500, and of the school-buildings,
with appurtenances, $9,000. The present reverend director is
Rev. Bernard Wiedau.
OTIS, LAFOKTE COUNTY.
Sacred Heart of Jesus School. — The first Catholic school in
Otis was erected in 1877, through the zeal of Rev. Father Machd-
zicki. at a cost of $2, 500. It is a two- story frame structure, 40 x 40
feet, contains two large class-rooms, which have a seating capacity
for 100 children, and a present attendance cf seventy-two pupils.
Many of the pupils have their homes in the country at a distance
of from one to ten miles; children living this far from the school
board in the building during the term, and are under the control of
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
the Sisters of St. Francis, two of whom are employed as teachers.
The average annual outlay for the school, includinj^ the salary of
teachers, is about $900, which sum is made up of tuition fees at
fifty cents a month, and funds taken from the church treasury.
The average expense per pupil is about $1 1.84 a year. The pres-
ent value of the school-ground, including play ground, is $1,000,
and the value of the school building is $3,500. Rev. Fr. Raskie-
wicz is the present reverend director of the school.
PERU, MI.\>[I COUNTY.
School of St. Charles Barromeo. — The first building intended
for school purposes iji St. Charles parish was a frame structure put
up in 1837, by Rev. H. J.Clarke, at a cost of $1,000. This school-
house having been sold, by Rev. Father Force, part of the first
old church was used as a school-room from i860 to 1865. Upon
the completion of the new church, in 1865, Rev. B. Kroeger, then
pastor, had the old church converted into school-rooms. This
building was consumed by iire in 1874, and the present school-
house was built. The first teacher employed in St. Charles' school
was G. Volkert. He had as successors several lay teachers, among
them Prince Bismarck's playmate. Dr. Rudolph Ladislas Miller,
whose life reads like a connected series of romantic links. From
the control of this man, the school passed into the hands of the
Ursuline Nuns, who taught it until 1872 or 1873, when it was trans-
ferred to the Sisters of Providence, who are still in charge. Nine
of these Sisters are now occupied in the school. The present
building, 65 x 60 feet, is a solid brick structure, is three stories high,
and was erected in 1874, at a cost of $16,000, including the Sisters'
residence, which adjoins. It contains six school-rooms, which
have seating capacity for 300 children. At present there are 250
pupils in attendance, of whom i 12 are boys. The average outlay
for the school is $277, taken from church funds. Of this amount
$200 are paid as salary, and the balance needed for the mainte-
nance of the teachers is derived from what they collect as tuition
fees at fifty cents a month. The average expense per pupil is $5.
The present value of the school-ground is $2,000, and of the school-
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
building, with appurtenances, $io.OOO. The reverend director, at
present, is Rev. H. Meissner.
I'LVMOUTH, MARSHALL COl'NTV.
St. Michael's School was erected in 1870 by the Sisters of the
Holy Cross, at a cost of $12,000, and is both a day and boarding
school. The principal portion of the building is 50x40 feet, to
which is attached a wing, 50x35 feet, that is used as dwelling
apartments for the Sisters and the boarders. The main portion
of the building contains two class-rooms which have a total seat-
ing capacity for 160 children, and three music rooms, one of which
is reserved for instruction in vocal music. At present there are in
attendance, including the boarding pupils, 116 children, under the
control of three Sisters of the Holy Cross, one of whom is a music
teacher.
Prior to 1870, the parochial school was conducted in an old
frame dwelling, house. The teachers who preceded the Sisters in
St. Michael's school began their work there in i860, and were suc-
cessively. Miss Dwyer, Miss Howard, Miss Buchanan, Miss Mona-
han. Miss Day, Mr. Weber, Mr. Stevens and Miss Kate Stokes.
The Sisters, having entire control of the school, collect from
the pupils the revenue necessary for its maintenance. This con-
sists of a tuition fee from seNcnty-five cents to $1 a month, from
pupils who are able to pay. Poor children are educated free of
charge. The average annual expense per pupil is about $5. The
value of the school-ground is about $1,500, and the value of the
school-building, with its appurtenances, is $15,000. Rev. Charles
Lemper is the present reverend director of the school.
RENSSELAER, JASPER COUNTY.
St. Joseph's Indian Normal School. ^ — This interesting school
was erected in 1888, at cost of $20,000, by the venerable Mother
Catherine Drexel. for the exclusive use of Catholic Indian chil-
dren of this northwestern territory. It consists of one main build-
ing, with workshop attached, and is a solid structure of stone and
brick, in the form of a square, 80 x 85 feet. It rises three stories
above a fine stone basement and affords accommodations for 100
(526r
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
boys. At present there are si.xty-four liulicin bo}S in the instituticjii
under the care of four priests of the order of the Most Precious
Blood, with Reverend Andrew Gietl as director. These boys are
daily instructed in all the branches of a common English education,
and at stated times, according to their age and progress in school,
are taught useful trades in the adjoining workshops. The first
teachers were Revs. Fr. Willard and Florian, Hahn, C. PP. S. The
school is supposed by quarterly appropriations, per capita, from the
United States government, and its doors are open to all Catholic
Indian boys sent by the government.
ST. JOHN, LAKE COUNTY.
St. John's School. — The first Catholic school in this town was
established over thirty-live years ago. The building is a two-story
frame structure on the opposite side of the road from the church,
directly east of it, and has its main entrance on the west side. It
contains two well ventilated and well furnished school-rooms, and
has seating capacity for lOO children. At present the enrolment
is 140 pupils taught by four secular teachers. Many of the children
live in the vicinity of the school, but several attend from a distance
of three miles. The present reverend pastor of the congregation
is Rev. A. Heitmann.
SCHERERVILLE, LAKE COUNTY.
St. Michael's School is a one-story frame building, 60 x 24
feet, was erected in 1868 at a cost of $1,200, and contains two
well furnished school-rooms, with a seating capacity for 100 chil-
dren. The present enrolment of pupils is fifty-three, taught by
two Sisters of the Sacred Heart. Many of the pupils live a distance
of five miles from the school, while others have their homes in the
immediate vicinity. The average yearly outla}- for the school is
about $1,200, a part of which is taken from the church funds, the
balance being supplied from the district school fund. The average
cost per pupil is about $12.50. The present reverend pastor and
the people of St. Michael's parish hope to erect and to support a
school of their own within a short time — a school that will be
entirely Catholic. The value of the dwelling house now occupied
32 (,527)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
by the Sisters is $600. Rev. \V. Berg is the present pastor of St.
Michael's congregation.
SHELDON, ALLEN COUNTY.
St. Aloysius School is located in Pleasant township, about a
mile and one-half northeast of the town of Sheldon, on the so-
called Bluffton road, and is about ten miles south of Fort Wayne.
It is built on a lot of ground containing four acres, of which one
and one-fourth acres are in use for a graveyard, together with the
church, pastoral residence and Sisters' dwelling house. The first
school-house was a small frame building erected, in 1867, by Rev.
William Woeste, and was used for school purposes only during
two or three months of each year. It was then in charge of a
secular teacher employed by the reverend Father who attended
the mission.
On October 17, 1876, a regular parochial school was opened
by Rev. F. Koerdt, with an attendance of thirty-eight pupils.
This reverend Father, realizing that the school is the foundation
of the church, gave himself with admirable self-sacrifice to the
humble task of teaching it for two years. When called out of the
school-room to attend to parochial work, he was replaced by
Master Gottlieb Schmoll, a talented young boy of fourteen, from
St. Paul's school. Fort Wayne.
In 1879, the school was taught by Joseph Kenning. During
the next three years Robert Gruber had charge of it. In January,
1883, on the last day of the month, the school passed into the
hands of the Sisters of St. Agnes, of Fond du Lac, Wis. The
present new school-house was erected in 1882, at a cost of $3,000.
The corner-stone was laid on August loth and it was dedicated
November 6th of the same year, Right Rev. Mgr. Benoit, vicar-
general of the diocese, performing the ceremony. It is a two-
story stone and brick structure, 30x40 feet, and contains two
large rooms, the one on the second floor being used as a hall for
sodality and other parochial meetings. The school would accom-
modate I 50 pupils, but the parish being small, forty families, the
pupils enrolled number thirty-eight boys and thirty-three girls, but
bad roads and distance from school frequently cause absence. The
(528r
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
old building was remodeled in the fall of 1882, and is now a cozy
dwelling house for the teachers, of whom there are three. Their
revenue is derived from pew rent and frc^n the contributions of
St. Joseph's society, whose members pay $4 per year as fee of
membership. This arrangement makes the school free to all chil-
dren of the parish. The school-house is worth $4,000, the teach-
ers' dwelling is valued at $800, and the one acre of ground at
$100. K. J. Denk is the present reverend director of the school.
SOUTH BEND, ST. JOSEPH COUNTY.
St. Joseph's School. — The first school-house erected in St,
Joseph's parish was built in 1852 by Very Rev. Father Sorin,
C. S. C. , at a cost of about $1,800. The first teachers were
Sister Misericorde, Sister Peter, Sister St. John, Sister Eleanora
and Sister Faustina for the girls, and Brothers Raymond, Daniel,
Romuald and Philip for the boys. All these religieuses were mem-
bers of the Holy Cross order. Up to 1868 there were two separate
schools, one for boys and one for girls. In that year the schools
were united and taught by the Sisters. In 1881 another attempt
was made to have a separate school for boys, but after a few years
the project was abandoned. The present school-house is a two-
story brick building. 55.\55 feet, erected in 1885 at a cost of
$5,500, and later an addition 28x32 feet was built. This school-
house contains four school-rooms with a total seating capacity for
270 children, but the present enrolment is 156 boys and 166 girls,
under Sisters of the Holy Cross. The building is held in trust by
the Sisters and kept in order by them. Rev. Nicholas J. Stoffel,
C. S. C, is the present reverend director of the school.
St. Mary's School. — The first school in St. Mary's parish
was opened by Miss Hannah Jaminet, in the little room that now
serves as the sacristy of the church. In 1888 a frame building
28 X 50 feet was erected; in 1891 a second story was added, which
gave two additional school-rooms. In 1884 the school was placed
in charge of the Sisters of the Holy Cross, and since that time the
number of pupils has increased from twenty-seven to an attendance
of 246 children, and four Sisters are constantly occupied in the
(529)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
school. The seating capacity is for 250 children. The expenses
are derived from tuition fees of fifty cents a month, supplemented
by funds from the church. The present value of the school-ground,
including the play-ground, is $2,000, and of the building, with
appurtenances, $3,500. The present reverend director of the
school is the worth}' priest who built it, the Rev. P. Johannes,
C. S. C.
St. Patrick's School for Boys — The girls of this parish have
always attended St. Joseph's academ}', conducted by the Sisters of
the Holy Cross. In 1865 a separate school for boys was opened
by the Rev. Father Cooney, C. S. C. , in the wing of the old
church. In 1872 Rev. D. J. Spillard, C. S. C. , who had succeed-
ed Rev. Father Cooney as pastor of the congregation, erected a
new frame school-house at a cost of $1,600. This building was
removed in 1888 to its present location on South Scott street, 260
feet west of the church, but within the same inclosure. It is a
two-story frame structure, 28x30 feet, fronting Scott street, and
contains two class-rooms, which have a total seating capacity for
100 children. At present there are eighty boys in attendance,
under the control of two teachers. The small bo3's are taught by
Miss Sarah O'Neill and the older boys by Brother Romanus, C. S.
C. This Brother was preceded in the school by Brothers Aloy-
sius, Hilarian, Hilary, Theogine, Justin, Emanuel, Benjamin, Dan-
iel, Raymond, Urban and Hubert. The average annual expense
for maintaining the school is about $700, paid from the revenue of
the church. The annual expense per pupil is nearly $9. At pres-
ent the value of the school-ground is about $800, and the value of
the school-building with its appurtenances is about $2,000. Rev.
J. W. Clarke, C. S. C, is the present reverend director of the
school. A new three-story brick school is now in the course of
erection, to cost about $14,000.
St. Hedwig's School. — The first school-house built in this
parish was a frame structure put up in 1877 by Rev. \'al. Czy/.ew-
ski, C. S. C, at a cost of $600. Two years later this building
was demolished by a storm. Afterward the present site on Napier
(530r
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
street was purchased and a one-story frame school, 90x32 feet,
was built. This gave three rooms, which are still in use. In 1877
the parish had greatly increased, and to meet the demand for
more room, a two-story brick school-house, 64x44 feet, was
erected at a cost of $7,000. It contains ten class-rooms, and the
total seating capacity was 760. Since then this congregation
erected a spacious three-story brick structure, 127.^ x 61 feet, with
basement, at a cost of about $20,000. The basement has six
rooms; the first and second floors have seven rooms each. Of the
latter twelve are used as class rooms and two as library and direct-
ors' office, respectively. The third floor affords a parish hall with
seating capacity for 1,000 persons and contains a beautiful stage.
Besides this the schools occupy three rooms in the old frame
school. The number of teachers has increased from twelve to
fifteen, and the pupils from 721 to 1,017. This rapidly growing
school is under the direction of Rev. A. Zubowitcz.
TEKKE COUPEE, ST. JOSEPH COUNTY.
St. Stanislaus School. — ^This congregation is small, composed
mainly of poor people. The want of means prevents the erection
of a school-house. Knowing, however, the value of Christian edu-
cation, the pastor, Rev. George Kolesinski, employs a lay teacher
and pro tempore has the children taught in the parish church.
The children pay a monthly tuition fee. The school is attended
by fifty children, thirty boys and twenty girls. The pastor hopes
that it may not be many years before the means may be obtained
to erect a proper structure that may accommodate the little ones
of this rural district.
TIPTON, TIPTON COUNTY.
St. John's School, erected in 1885 at a cost of $4,500, is a
two-story brick edifice, and consists of a main portion, 65 x 35 feet,
and a wing, 34 x 24 feet, extending to the rear. It contains three
class-rooms and a hall, 65 x 35 feet. The school has a seating
capacity for 200 children, and the present number of pupils in
attendance is 168, and these are under the instruction of six Sis-
ters of St. Joseph. Many of these children live in the vicinity of
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
the school, but some attend from a distance of five miles. The
rate of tuition is sixty-five cents a month. The present value of
the school-ground, including play-ground is $7,000, and of the
school, with its appurtenances $5,500. At present the reverend
director of the school is Rev. A. J. Kroeger.
TURKEY CREEK, LOTTAVILLE P. (). , LAKE COUNTY.
This parish has not a school of its own. The children in the
vicinity are ail Catholic and a Catholic lay teacher is employed.
The pastor manages to teach Christian doctrine by calling it Ger-
man or Bible reading. The teacher must use the public-school
books, and follow the public-school program and system in leach-
ing. There are at present forty-six children, twenty-six boys and
twenty girls, attending this school. The pastor greatly regrets this
deplorable condition, but cannot carry on an entire Catholic school
with only forty families, as long as other larger parishes are satisfied
with such schools. Rev. Charles V. Stetter, D. D., is the present
reverend director.
UNION CITY, RANDOLPH COUNTY.
St. Mary's School was erected, in 1875, by Rev. J. H. Quin-
lan, at a cost of $3,000. It is a two-story brick structure, 70 x 40
feet, with two class-rooms which have a seating capacity for 170
children. In addition to other appurtenances, the school is in
possession of a valuable library of 400 volumes, which the pupils
may use as books of reference or supplementary reading. The
school has been in charge of Sisters of the Holy Cross since its
establishment, and at present three of these religie :ses are occupied
there in teaching ninety-two pupils, of whom forty-one are boys.
The annual expense per pupil is about $7.70. At present the chief
source of income for the school is an endowment of $5,000, which
yields a yearly interest of $400; the balance required to complete
the amount of expenditure is taken from the church funds, the
school being free.
The present value of the school-ground, including a spacious
play-ground, is about $1,000. The value of the school building,
with its appurtenances, is $4,000; and the value of the teachers'
(532)~
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
residence, erected by the congregation, is $1,200. Rev. F. A.
King is the present reverend director of the school.
VAT.PAKAISd, PORTIiR COUNTY.
St. Paul's School was erected in 1864 or 1865, by Rev. M.
O'Reilly, at a cost of about $3,000. It is a two-story brick build-
ing, 40x60 feet, and when first opened was taught by Mrs. K.
Harrold and Prof. Murphy. They were succeeded by Miss E. A.
Collins and Mr. Noll, afterwards Rev. Father Noll, who died in
1880, pastor of St. Mary's church, LaFayette.
In 1872 the school for girls and the primary class of boys
were placed in charge of the Sisters of Providence. For a number
of years the boys" grammar school was taught by Prof. Sullivan,
but within the past few years the entire charge of the school has
been transferred to the Sisters.
The building contains four class-rooms, and has seating
capacity for 200 children. Owing to the removal of families from
Valparaiso, the number of pupils attending the school is not so
large as formerly. The present enrolment is forty-five boys and
eighty-five girls, taught by five Sisters of Providence. The
expenses are derived from tuition fees from the pupils, at an
average rate of fifty cents a month, from those who can pay. The
present value of the school-ground, including play-ground, is
$1,800, and of the school-building, with appurtenances, $3,600.
The house occupied by the Sisters belongs to them. The present
reverend director of the school is Very Rev. Louis A. Moench.
WANATAH, LAPORTE COUNTY.
Holy Guardian Angel School is a two- story frame school-
house, 20x24 feet, and was erected, in 1890, by Rev. Dominic
Shunk, C. PP. S., at a cost of $1,000. Although small, it is a '
neat building, of two rooms, with seating capacity for sixty chil-
dren. At present but one room is in use, as the number of pupils
does not exceed forty — equally divided, twenty boys and twenty
girls — under the tuition of one Sister of the Most Precious Blood.
A remarkable feature of this school is that, when it was first
opened, it was attended mostly by non-Catholic children, who
~l533j
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
have since embraced our holy faith with an ardor that promises a
pious Cathohc Hfe in later years. After first holy communion the
pupils are not retained, as there are no boarding accommodations
for them in the building, and many of the children drive to school
every day from a distance of eight miles. The average annual
outlay for this school is about $500, which amount is taken from
the funds of the church, the school being free to the children of
pew holders; others are charged a tuition fee of fifty cents a month.
The average expense per pupil is $12.50 a year. The present
value of the ground, one acre, used for school purposes, is $2,000,
and the value of the building, with its appurtenances, is $3,000.
The house occupied by the Sisters belongs to the congregation,
and is worth $600. Rev. Adam Buchheit is the present reverend
director of the school.
WHITING, LAKE COUNTY.
St. Michael's School is conducted under the auspices of the
church of the Sacred Heart, of which Rev. M. J. Bryne was the
pastor. Two years ago a residence was built for Sisters, including
one large class-room for advanced scholars at a cost of $2,000.
Fire having destroyed the old frame school-building April, 1897, a
a new two-story brick structure, 72 x 38, was erected, at a cost of
$3,500. On the first floor this building contains three large class-
rooms and corridor, furnished with all modern improvements. A
large exhibition hall on the second floor is used for entertainments
at present, but will be converted into class-rooms as soon as
needed. Five teachers of the order of the Sisters of Providence
daily impart knowledge to 204 pupils, 103 boys and loi girls.
The school is in admirable working order, and while not quite self-
supporting is nearly so. Support is raised by a monthly tuition
fee. Father M. J. Byrne was the reverend director until trans-
ferred to the cathedral last August (1898), when he was replaced
by Rev. Charles H. Thiele.
WINAMAC, PULASKI COUNTY.
St. Peter's School is a one-story frame building, 40 x 28 feet.
It was built in 1872 by Rev. T. Wittmer, C. PP. S., and contains
(534r
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA,
but one school-room, with a seating capaicty of sixty cliildren,
although at present its enrolment numbers seventy-two. Sisters
of the Most Precious Blood have had charge of the school since its
organization in 1872, and at present two Sisters are engaged in the
class-room.
The annual outlay for the school, including the salary of its
teachers, is $450, which amount is furnished by the congregation,
the school being free; and the average annual expense for each pupil
is $5.50. The present value of the school-ground is $200 and of
the building, $800. The house occupied by the teachers is their
own property. The present reverend director of the school is
Rev. J. Uphaus.
(535)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
CHAPTER XV.
THE HIGHER ORDER OF CATHOLIC EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF
INDIANA — ACADEMIES — COLLEGES UNIVERSITIES, ETC.
IN order to preserve the typographical consistency of this work
on CathoHcity in Indiana, the higher class of Catholic educa-
tional institutions in Indiana are arranged here in the same manner
in which are arranged the parochial schools in the preceding
chapter.
INDIANAPOLIS, MARION COUNTY.
St. Mary's Academy, at Indianapolis, Ind., is situated on East
Maryland street. No. 113, between Pennsylvania and Delaware
streets, about three squares from the Union depot. This location
makes it convenient of access, and is still so far removed from the
business part of the city as to possess the quiet requisite for a placa
of its kind. The building is new and commodious, and well adapted
for educational purposes. It is also spacious and affords ample
accommodations for fifty boarders and 300 day scholars.
The utmost care and attention are devoted to health and com-
fort. In case of sickness, parents or guardians are immediately
informed, a physician is summoned, and every alleviation which
kindness can suggest bestowed.
The academy being under the charge of the Sisters of St.
Francis, the moral and religious training of the youthful minds
confided to them is of paramount importance. Difference of creed
forms no obstacle of admission, but, to maintain order, all the
pupils are required to be present at the public religious exercises.
The religious opinions of non-Catholic pupils are not interfered
with; their normal training alone is taken into consideration. The
discipline is mild, but vigilant and energetic, and every effort is
(536)
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
made to qualify the pupil to occupy, in after life, the respective
stations assigned them by the Divine Controller of human destinies
in such a manner as to secure personal happiness and the comfort
of those by whom they are surrounded, and above all, to win the
approbation of the Omnipotent Judge and Rewarder. General
deportment is the subject of unremitting care. The pupils are
taught to avoid all that is rude, and if found insubordinate, un-
truthful and disrespectful to teachers, and remain incorrigible after
due admonition, become liable to expulsion from the academy.
The course of study is thorough, comprehensive and practical,
embracing all the branches of a solid and accomplished education.
All who enter the academy are expected to take the regular aca-
demic, business, musical or artistic course, unless for cogent rea-
sons the partial course, consisting of special studies, be desired.
The classes are so arranged that pupils advanced in some, but
deficient in other branches, may perfect themselves in whatever
they are defective without losing their rank in the grade to which
their general scholarship entitles them.
St. Mary's is certainly well deserving of the patronage of the
public. Catholic and non-Catholic, and parents and guardians can
rest assured that all pupils placed in this institution will be gradu-
ated pure in spirit and fitted for the practical duties of life, as well
as for the adornment of society.
LAFAYETTE, TIPPECANOE COUNTS'.
St. Ignatius Academy. — This is a beautiful three-story brick
structure adjoining St. Mary's church on the west. It occupies a
commanding situation in tastefully laid out grounds, and has all
the latest improvements for the successful prosecution of educa-
tional work. Besides an academy for advanced grades, it also
contains the classes of the parochial school for girls. To sum-
marize:
Grades, eleven; pupils, 135; average daily attendance. 115;
teachers. Sisters of Providence; time of school, ten months in the
year; terms in year, four; free days (exclusive of Saturdays and
holy days of obligation). Thanksgiving day, Washington's birth-
day, St. Patrick's day and Decoration day; course of instruction:
"(537)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
Christian doctrine, sacred history, singing, penmanship, spelHng,
reading, geography, United States history, grammar, bookkeeping,
church history, physiology, arithmetic, algebra, geometry, ancient
history, modern history, physical geography, natural philosophy.
The volumes in the, library number 165.
LOGANSPOKT, CASS COUNTY.
In 1863 Rev. George Hamilton, pastor of St. Vincent de
Paul's church, Logansport, applied to the mother-house of the
Sisters of Holy Cross, Notre Dame, Ind., for Sisters to open a
boarding and day school in a large brick building, situated on the
corner of Market and Second streets.
The first Sisters who came here were Sister Alphonsus, supe-
rior, accompanied by Sisters Mildred, Colette and Felicity. They
opened with a good school, boys and girls being taught in the
same building. They were not here long until the parents of the
children began to appreciate the good work that was being accom-
plished in the minds and souls of the little ones, and their grate-
ful hearts went out in sympathy to pastor and teachers.
In 1 87 1 the Sisters purchased a beautiful building on the cor-
ner of Ninth street and Broadway; said building was the begin-
ning of the Holy Angels' academy, which opened September 4,
1 87 1. This institution comprises four departments, primary,
junior, preparatory and senior.
The course of study combines the solidity of the scientific
and literary pursuits, with those light and more graceful accom-
plishments which throw a charm over domestic life and contribute
so essentially to elevate the form of society at large.
Many of the Sisters who came to Logansport in the 'sixties
have passed to their eternal reward, but the good work they began
goes nobly on, and Holy Angels' academy sends forth from her
secluded halls young ladies of every denomination, whose talents
and virtues speaks volumes for their alma mater, and for the suc-
cessful efforts of the Sisters of the Holy Cross, who were the pio-
neer teachers and prime movers in educational matters in northern
Indiana, beginning far back in the 'forties, and to-day Holy
Angels' academy holds the position of being"one of the leading
JEmT
UNIVERSITY O
NOTRE 1
NO!
ME, 1
yo
NOTRE DAME,
VIE, IND.
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
academies in the state — teachinir within her h.ilk evervthinL''
taught in the best high schools.
NOTRE DAME, ST. JOSEPH COUNTY.
The University of Notre Dame du Lac in St. Joseph county,
Ind., is so vast in its scope as an institution of learning, both in its
curriculum and its architectural adjuncts and adornments, that but
a meager description can be offered to the reader in so compend-
ious a work as the History of Catholicity in Indiana, and. there-
fore, the following paragraphs will consist of matter statistical and
chronological rather than descriptive or didactic.
The congregation of the Holy Cross had its origin in the city
of Mans, France, and was founded by the Abbe Moreau, who soon
afterward absorbed the society known as the Brothers of St. foseph,
which had been founded by Father Dujarier, a survivor of the
French revolution. Father Edward Sorin, who was born near
Laval, France, February 6, 1814, became one of the earliest mem-
bers of the new congregation of the Holy Cross (C. S. C); he had
listened to the burning words of the sainted Brute, later the first
bishop of Vincennes, when that divine was on a visit to France,
appealing for missionary aid for the wilds of Indiana, and, accord-
ingly, when Bishop Hailandiere. the successor of Bishop Brute,
made an application to Father Moreau for volunteers for the Indi-
ana missions. Father Sorin at once offered himself. With him
four professed Brothers and two novices also volunteered. This
band of seven left the mother house at Mans, August 5, 1841; on
the 8th left Havre, as steerage passengers, to practice evangelical
poverty and to save money for the new mission, and September 13
entered the bay of New York. The venerable Bishop Dubois, of
New York, received the little band with fatherly affection, and
after it had rested three days it started for Vincennes, and, after a
journey of twenty-five days, reached its destination on the second
Sunday in October. For over a year the community was located
at St. Peter's, about twenty-seven miles from Vincennes, in Daviess
county, and within this time eight accessions were made to the
order. It had been in contemplation to erect a college at this
point, but, as there was already a Catholic college at Vincennes.
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
the bishop demurred and offered the community a tract of land he
owned on the St. Joseph river, provided a college should be erected
thereon within two years. After due consideration of the proposal
the Brothers decided to accept, and November 16, 1842, Father
Sorin, with seven of the Brothers, set out for the new location;
after traveling through the wilderness, in bitterly cold weather,
they stood on the ice-bound shore of lake St. Mary, November 26,
enchanted with the marvelous beauties of the scene of their future
labors. The ground was historic. Here had labored a Badin, a
Deseille, a Petit; and over 200 years prior to the arrival of Father
Sorin hundreds of Indians had been converted to the Catholic faith,
and of the descendants of these Christianized aborigines hundreds
were found still living in the St. Joseph region at the time of the
arrival of Father Sorin.
The total amount of money at the command of the young
community, on its arrival at the lakes, was $1,500. A plan had
been prepared, under Bishop de la Hailandiere, for the erection of
a brick building, 40 x 160 feet, in shape like the letter H, and 60,-
000 feet of lumber, 250,000 brick, and the necessary lime, were
ordered, to be on the spot in the spring; but the urgent need was
a building for immediate use. Accordingly, material and labor
were volunteered and a log structure, 24x46 feet, was erected, in
December, but was not blessed until St. Joseph's day, March 19,
1 843. But this building was needed for other purposes than a chapel,
and a second story was added as a dormitory for the Sisters, who were
expected to arrive from France the same spring, to take charge of the
domestic department of the university, and a little Indian chapel,
erected by Father Badin about 1 830, was utilized as a dormitory for
the Brothers — but these improvements depleted the exchequer of the
community to the extent of $200. The winter of 1842 was the
most severe that had ever been experienced in the United States,
and the succeeding building season was allowed to pass away by
the architect without his attempting to fulfill his contract. The
outlay for material, and the expenses for the support of the com-
munity, had now completely exhausted the exchequer, but it was
determined upon that the erection of some kind of a brick building
must be made, and the result was a square house, now known as
(544r
IN THE STATK OF INDIANA.
the Farm house, at the edge of the lake. This served for collegi-
ate purposes for nearly a year, the first pupil being Ale.xis Cof]uil-
lard, afterward the wealthy wagonmaker of South Bend. The
terms per quarter for students were fixed at $i8, for tuition, board,
washing and mending.
The second colony of the Congregation of the Holy Cross
sailed from France June 6, 1843, under the charge of Rev. Francis
Cointet, and with him Fathers Marivault and Gouesse, and one
Brother and four Sisters. The time of Father Cointet was about
equally divided between his classes and his labors with the Indians,
and as an illustration of the simple manners and the poverty of
the Fathers in that day, it may be mentioned that Fathers Sorin
and Cointet had but one hat and one pair of boots between them.
But their souls were in the work, and their constancy never
weakened. Father Cointet, however, perished in the cholera epi-
demic of 1854.
August 24, 1843, the architect and two workmen arrived from
Vincennes, but, as funds had been exhausted, the question of com-
mencing work on the college-building proper was a question of
serious debate. However, Father Marivault offered to draw for
$1,200 due him from his family in France; Samuel Byerle}', a mer-
chant at South Bend, offered a credit of $2,000 at his store,
beside a loan of $500 in cash, and, thus encouraged, the work was
begun. August 28, 1843, the corner-stone was laid, and by
December 20 the walls were up and the building under cover.
The next season the interior work was finished. This building was
the cross-mark in the ground-plan of the letter H, or the handle of
a "double headed hammer, " was four stories high, 80x36 feet,
and was all the community could afford to build from the original
design. To this new edifice the students were at once removed
from the structure on the lake shore, and in August following
(1844) the closing exercises 01 the first year took place. In Jan-
uary, 1844, Hon. John D. Defrees, member of the legislature from
St. Joseph county, secured a charter for the university, enabling it
to confer the usual degrees upon its graduates, and thus the uni-
versity of Notre Dame, now one of the most famous institutions of
learning in the Union, became a legal entity.
"(545)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
In May, 1844, the corner-stone of the Chapel of the Novitiate
on the " Island " was laid and blessed, and at its completion was
consecrated December 8, and on the same day the Arch Confra-
ternity, the oldest religious society at Notre Dame, was solemnly
established. The chapel served as the sanctuary of the commu-
nity until 1848, when a new brick church was consecrated. In Sep-
tember, 1844, the annual course of study in the college proper
may be said to have begun, and August i, 1845, at the commence-
ment, a poor orphan boy, of Philadelphia, named Haquin, carried
off first honors, thus showing the impartiality of the faculty, who
gave no consideration to the financial standing of the students, but
rewarded merit alone. The faculty comprised Father Sorin, presi-
dent; Father Alexis Granger, vice-president; Father Cointet, pro-
fessor of ancient languages; Father Gouesse, music; Brother
Gatien, mathematics; Rev. E. Shawe, rhetoric; Gardner Jones,
English composition; Denis O'Leary, Brother Basil, Father
Shortis, Prof. Girac and Prof. Burns, general tutors. The first
catalogue of students was issued in 1848, and the commencement
took place July 4. Among the premiums awarded on that occa-
sion was one to Thomas Lafontaine, of Huntington, Ind., a son of
the chief of the Miamis, and among the students were the names of
attendants from Indiana. Michigan, Missouri, New York, Ohio and
Pennsylvania. At the commencement of 1849 was graduated the
first bachelor of arts — Neal H. Gillespie, who was ordained priest
in 1856. The second catalogue was printed in 1850, at South
Bend, and bore on its title-page the imprint of S. Colfax — the
Schuyler Colfax who afterward became speaker of the national
house of representatives and later vice-president of the United
States.
The manual labor school of the college was also chartered by
the legislature in 1844, and was secured through the kindly offices
of Representative Defrees, and in this were and are given lessons
in carpentry, cabinetmaking, blacksmithing, shoemaking. tailoring,
bricklaying, gardening, farming and various other industries. The
dense forest within the grounds of the original college tract has
been cleared away by the Brothers, save on the margin of the
lakes, where the native groves are preserved, the cleared space
(546)
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
being now devoted to agriculture and ornamented pleasure
grounds. In the meadow between the lakes rises the island, of
early days, now called Mount St. Vincent, and here stands the
hospital and the normal school for the Brothers of the community,
on the site of the former novitiate. A continuous native grove
embraces both lakes, with the meadow and Mount St. Vincent
between, and within this grove is nestled Holy Cross seminary.
In 1 85 1, the Lake Shore railroad was completed to South
Bend, and soon afterward to Chicago, and to-day no less than five
trunk lines connect, via South Bend, the university with the out-
side world, facilitating the coming and going of the constantly
increasing number of students at this now classical university. In
1 85 1, also, Notre Dame was given a post-office through the kind
interposition of the then great statesman, Henry Clay.
In 1853, the number of students had so increased that it
became necessary to complete the two wings of the "double ham-
mer," as planned by the original Vincennes architect. These, it
was thought, with the connecting college building, would be com-
modious enough for a generation to come. But about this time,
cholera devastated many parts of the west, and in the summer of
1854 many of the community were attacked by the fell disease,
and among the first to succumb was the holy priest, Father Coin-
tet. He was followed to the grave by Father Curley, who had
been ordained only the year previous, and b}- about twent\- of the
community. In September, when the absent students returned
from their vacation, the surviving professors had not recovered
from their prostration, and, as the college had been used as a hos-
pital, it had to be renovated from top to bottom and disinfected,
and this work had to be done by the weakened Brothers, who were,
in fact, convalescent only. But at last all difficulties were over-
come. A strip of land between the lakes and the river, through
which the outlets of the lake found their way, and was consequently
marshy and malarious and the cause of much sickness, was now
purchased by the Brothers from the man who had heretofore
refused to sell on better terms, and this strip was drained, the lakes
lowered, and the site of the university made one of the most
healthy and beautiful in the world.
33 (.547)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
Father Sorin had proposed to estabhsh, near the universit}',
a young ladies' academy, to be conducted by the Sisters of the
Holy Cross, but met with the opposition of his bishop, and in con-
sequence this school was fixed in another diocese at Bertrand,
Mich., six miles north of Notre Dame, and was completed in 1846.
This school later came under the charge of Mother Angela, known
to the world as Miss Elize Maria Gillespie, of Washington, D. C,
a relative of Hon. Thomas Ewing, secretary of state under Presi-
dent W. H. Harrison. Miss Gillespie was also a sister of Father
Gillespie, of Notre Dame, but had retired from the vanities of
capitoline life, to enter the novitiate of the Sisters of Mercy at
Chicago; had stopped at Notre Dame to bid her brother farewell,
but was induced to go to France and prepare herself for the charge
of the infant community at Bertrand, and after her return was
made its superior under the name of Mother Angela. In 1855,
the mother house of the Sisters was removed from Bertrand to
Notre Dame, one mile we^t of the university, and from St. Mary's
academy, as well as from Notre Dame university, schools have
been established throughout the country, from Washington, in the
east, to San Francisco, in the west.
Although bells have always been in use at Notre Dame (the first
one is now in the Bishops' Memorial Hall), it was not until 1856 that
the present chime of twenty-three bells arrived from France. These
bells weigh from fourteen pounds to 1,400 pounds each, and are
rung by clock-work. Their position is in the new church of the
Sacred Heart, over 100 feet from the earth's surface, and beneath
them, in the same tower, swings the great bell, which weighs
17,000 pounds, the sound of which can be heard at a distance of
twenty-five miles.
In 1858 the northern part of Indiana was erected as a sepa-
rate diocese — that of Fort Wayne — and soon after his consecra-
tion, the first bishop. Right Rev. John Henry Luers, made a visit
to Notre Dame, to the great delight of the community.
During the late Civil war, there was not, perhaps, a battle
field on which the blood of Notre Dame students was not shed in
the Union cause. Numbers of Sisters, led by Mother Angela,
served in the hospitals of the south and west, and no less than
(MST
IN TH1-: STATE OF INDIANA.
seven priests went as chaplains in the army, viz: l-'athers Will-
iam Corby. Peter P. Cooney, Joseph C. Carrier. Paul Gillen,
James Dillon, Joseph Leveque and Bourget. Father Sorin had
always encouraged military exercises, and in 1S59 a company was
formed, composed of students, denominated the Continental cadets,
under William F. Lynch, an excellent tactician, as well as a com-
pany of junior students, called the Washington cadets. Almost
every member of the Continentals took part in the war. Capt.
Lynch became colonel of the Fifty-eighth Illinois infantry, and
afterward a brigadier-general, was wounded while in command in
the southwest, and died from his injury a few years later. Rob-
ert W. Healey, another soldier-student, also attained the rank of
general.
November 3, 1863. there was great rejoicing at Notre Dame,
as 230 students had registered. When the enlarged college- edifice
of 1853 had been erected, to accommodate 200 students, it was
thought it would serve for many years to come; but now, ten
years later, were 230. Later 300, 400. and even 500, pressed for
adm'ssion; every inch of space in the college and its adjunctive
buildings, including Washington hall, was utilized for tuition
purposes, and accordingly, in 1865, preparations were made to
demolish the old and to erect a new college, a full description of
which will be given in paragraphs yet to follow, as it is here
necessary to interject a few words relative to the second president
of the university — Father Patrick Dillon. A young man of twenty-
six years. Father Patrick (as he was called, in order to distinguish
him from his brother. Father James, mentioned above as a chap-
lain afterward in the army), became vice-president of the uni-
versity in 1858, and in 1865 Father Sorin was well content to
leave the management of affairs in hands so capable; consequently
Father Dillon became the second president of the university.
Aided by Prof. Lucius G. Tong and Prof. J. A. Lyons, he first
developed, or added, the commercial to the classical course of the
college, and, later, with the aid of Rev. Joseph C. Carrier, he estab-
lished the scientific course, and supplemented the degrees in arts
with the degree of bachelor of science and master of science — the
first graduate with the degree ot bachelor of science, in 1865,
"T549J
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
being John Cassidy, afterward prominent as a physician of South
Bend. The study of medicine, at this time, was also introduced.
Rev. Father Neyron, who had been a surgeon in Napoleon's army
before he became a priest, being placed at the head of this depart-
ment.
Reverting, now, to the new college-building, let it be said
that President Dillon, in June, 1865, demolished most of the old
and finished the new in May following. The new building, Sox 160
feet, and six stories in height, was dedicated May 31, by Arch-
bishop Spalding, of Baltimore, assisted by five bishops and
numerous priests. Father Dillon, soon after the dedication, went
to France, where he passed two years, and on his return to
America filled for a short time the pastorate of St. Patrick's church
in Chicago, and died, after a short illness, November 15, 1868.
Following Father Dillon, in August, 1872, came Father Will-
iam Corby, as president, and Father Augustus Lemonnier, as vice-
president, of Notre Dame university — the latter being a nephew of
Father Sorin and both having been prefects of discipline under
Father Dillon. Father Corby, the apostle of the field of Gettys-
burg, whose absolution was given to thousands who found but a
lew hours later their habiliments of war their winding-sheets, was
decorated in 1893 with a medal of honor by the state of New
York as a Gettysburg veteran. During his administration the
number of students increased and the courses of study were
re-arranged and placed on a par with those of the oldest eastern
colleges.
June 27, 1868, saw the adoption of the constitution and
by-laws of the society of the Alumni of Notre Dame, first suggested
by Francis C. Bigelow, a graduate of 1862. The officers elected
were: President, Rev. Neil H. Gillespie; first vice-president,
Francis C. Bigelow, of Dayton, Ohio; second vice-president,
James B. Runnion, of Chicago; treasurer, Prof. Joseph A. Lyons;
secretary. Prof. Michael T. Corby; orator, Edmund B. Kilroy, of
Port Sarnia, Ontario; alternate orator, James O'Brien, of Galena,
111.; poet, Prof. Timothy E. Howard; alternate poet. Prof. Arthur
J. Stace.
In April, 1869, the local alumni committee resolved that a
(550r
IN THIi STATE OI" INDIANA.
memorial of the silver jubilee, to be celebrated the l(jllowin<; June,
should be prepared, and to Father (iillespie was assigned the task
of writing a history of Notre Dame up to date; Father Brown, to
write biographies; Prof. Stace, sketches of the societies; and to
Prof. Lyons was assigned the task of publishing. Not one of these
literary gentlemen lived to see the golden jubilee of 1895. During
the silver jubilee three preliminary celebrations were had, vi/: The
first, October 13, 1868, was that of the patronal feast of Father
Sorin, who had been elevated at Rome, in 1868, to the office of
superior general of the congregation of the Holy Cross — the first
American to attain such dignity; the second, April 27, 1869, was
a musical, allegorical and humorous entertainment, and the third,
May 22, 1869, was .on the occasion of the return of Father Sorin
from France.
Literature and oratory had been cultivated at Notre Dame
from the beginning, dramatic and debating clubs were formed, and
the St. Aloysius Philodemic, the St. Edward Literary and the St.
Cecilia Philomathean societies were the chief nurseries of the
embryo authors and orators. The first publication by the students
was the Notre Dame Literary Gazette, the manuscript of which
was destroyed by the misunderstanding of a prefect, and the second
undertaking in the way of journalism was the Progress, also a
manuscript paper, and originated by John Collins, Francis C.
Bigelow, Benjamin B. Barron and John H. Fleming. The only
printed copy of this journal was read at the commencement of
i860, but when Father Gillespie, the censor, was sent to France,
in 1863, the paper gradually languished, and its place was
occasionally supplied with such manuscript stieets as the Olympic
Gazette, the Weekly Bee, the Two-penny Gazette and others. In
May, 1865, Father Sorin established the magazine, Ave Maria, the
first two numbers of which were printed in Chicago, and then a
new printing-press and type were brought to Notre Dame. This
magazine, edited by Father Sorin, attained a circulation of over
20,000 weekly and was distributed over every portion of the world
where the English language is spoken. On the return of Father
Gillespie from France, in 1866, he was placed in editorial charge
and held the position until his lamented death in 1874, when he
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
was succeeded by Rev. Daniel E. Hudson, who has made the Ave
Maria the most literary of all our Catholic publications. September
7. I 867, by order of Father Corby, the first number of the Scholastic
Year was published, the idea being that it should be printed between
the months of September and June only — the scholastic year. The
plan was, that a select corps of students, under the supervision of
Father Gillespie, was to prepare the matter for the publication,
and the first number was in size a little more than a fly leaf to the
Ave Maria, to which magazine it was attached. In March, 1868,
the editorial supervision was passed to Father Lemonnier, and in
August it was detached from the Ave Maria and published as an
independent journal. In 1869 the name was changed to that of
the Notre Dame Scholastic, was modified, in September, 1872, to
the Scholastic, and in September, 1875, restored to its local signifi-
cant name of the Notre Dame Scholastic — the name it still bears.
So excellent were some of the contributions to the Scholastic that
many were selected to appear in an annual, which was conducted
from 1876 until t888 by Prof. Lyons, whose death occurred in the
year last named.
The scientific department of Notre Dame was virtually estab-
lished during the presidency of Father Dillon, but it was not until
the incumbencies of Presidents Corby and Lemonnier that it
became of any great importance. In i S60 the library contained
barely 2,000 volumes, chiefly in French and Latin, and the
museum contained a small collection of stuffed animals and birds
and a few eggs, but these were stored in an ill-lighted hall; there
was, however, in this museum, a herbarium of great value, in a
scientific point of view, which had been presented by the eminent
French botanist, De Cauvin, in 1855. In the spring of 1866
Father Carrier was sent to France on university business, and was
cornmissionad to purchase, am ) igst other things, instrumsnts for
the cabinet of physics, chemicals for the laboratory and objects of
natural history for the museum. The result was that twenty large
boxes were received at Notre Dame from Paris, but the contents
were not all purchases, as amongst them was a six-inch telescope,
presented by Napoleon III, 200- volumes presented by the French
government, and numerous church ornaments and sacred vessels
(552P
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
presented by the emperor, empress and prince imperial. P'ather
Carrier, on his return, spent months in arranging; the Hbrary,
museum, etc. ; an observatory was built, a class in botany was
organized, a corps of five professors secured, and instruction given
in the natural and physical sciences, chemistry, /coology, botany,
mineralogy, geology, physiology and comparative anatomy. Early
in the 'seventies a thorough course in civil engineering was estab-
lished and a partial course in medicine; later, during the 'eighties.
Father Walsh, assisted by Fathers Zahm and Kirsch, added
courses in applied electricity, mechanical engineering and biology.
In February, 1869, Father Corby founded a law department,
which was formally opened under the direction of Prof. Colovin,
who was assisted, later, by Peter Foote, a lawyer of Chicago, 111.,
Francis C. Bigelow, of Dayton, Ohio, and Hon. Lucius G. Tong.
In 1883 Prof. William Hoynes was placed in charge and the course
of study fixed at three years. Moot cases were tried each week
and all the formalities of a regular court followed in detail.
In 1872 blather Lemonnier, a man of most superior abilities
and excellent literary tastes, was selected as the fourth president
of Notre Dame university. The most signal feature of his incum-
bency was the perfecting of the courses already established and the
founding of a school of painting under the celebrated Roman artist,
Gregori, and the creation of a circulating library, which now bears
his name. He had plans for making Notre Dame the "Catholic
university of America, but his administration lasted two years
only, as his lamented death took place October 29, 1874.
Rev. Patrick J. Colovin, vice-president of the university under
Father Lemonnier, during the latler's last sickness, acted as presi-
dent and director of studies. He then became the fifth president
and held the position until 1877. He was a ripe scholar and a
most eloquent speaker. In 1877 Father Colovin and Father
Corby changed places, the former taking charge of Watertown,
Wis., where Father Corby had officiated for five years, during
which time he founded the college of the Sacred Heart and built
a large brick church, and thus Father Corby again became presi-
dent, with Rev. Thomas E. Walsh as vice-president and director
of studies. One of the first cares of the new administration was to
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
improve the facilities for athletic exercises, which had, however,
been carefully cultivated from a very early day, although the first
boat-club race inaugurated by Father Lemonnier did not take
place until 1870. Baseball and football were also introduced, and
now a campus of twenty-five or thirty acres is set apart for these
games.
A terrible disaster befell the college on the morning of Wed-
nesday, April 23, 1879, when about eleven o'clock fire was
discovered issuing from the roof of the administration hall, and so
rapid was its progress that five other buildings in connection with
the institution were destroyed, each with its priceless treasures —
the unfinished church of the Sacred Heart, the old frame printing-
office, Washington hall, and the domestic departments alone
escaping. The fire department from South Bend, as weH as many
citizens, were at the scene as quickly as possible, but could only
aid in removing many articles of furniture, paintings, valuable
papers, etc., from the rooms of the professors, but the buildings
were doomed. The cause of this disaster was never satisfactorily
accounted for.
The venerable Father Sorin, now in his sixty-sixth year, was
at or near Monteral, Canada, preparing to cross the Atlantic
ocean for about the fifteenth time. Father Corby, fearing that »
the evil news would prove fatal to the venerable founder, tele-
graphed to the superiors in Canada to keep it from him until the
arrival of Professor Edwards, who would break it to him with
gentleness and diplomacy. With all the care taken the shock was
almost more than Father Sorin could bear. He instantly returned
to his beloved institution. On the way home his mind was
diverted from the calamity to future improvements. He com-
menced to draw plans, and when he saw the great work to be done
he seemed to recover his youth again. Uninterrupted activity that
seized upon every source of aid actuated him. Before the com-
ing September President Corby, according to a promise made by him
to the students, had erected upon the ruins a building far superior
to the old one. The present edifice is of the neogothic style of
architecture, four stories high, in shape like the letter T, and sur-
mounted with a magnificent dome. The interior is decorated by
(554r
IN THE STATE OI'^ INDIANA.
Liiigi Gregori, an Italian artist, with frescoes illustrating the lite
of Colunibus, and the vestibule with full-length figures of Columbus
and Queen Isabella, from authentic portraits, as well as other his-
toric characters and scenes. The inner surface of the dome is also
decorated allegorically by the hand of Gregori. The paintings
were completed and the dome opened .with appropriate ceremonies,
May 29, 1890, Bishop Keane delivering a masterly oration. The
building is supplied with every modern convenience, and rooms
and halls assigned to every department of knowledge known to the
higher class of universities, with every appliance and apparatus
necessary for the successful prosecution of each and every study.
To return to the chronological continuity ot the presidential
succession at Notre Dame, it is necessary to explain that Rev.
Thomas E. Walsh, the sixth president, assumed the functions of
this high office in i88(. He had been vice-president and director
of studies during the last term of President Corby, and was barely
past twenty-eight years of age when he became president. He
was a ripe scholar, a gentleman of superior natural endowments,
and possessed of broad views and a comprehensive scope of mind.
During his administration two small wings were added to the prin-
cipal college-building, and in 1882 St. Edward's hall, for the use
of the minims, was erected. June 30, 1883, the corner-stone of
Science hall was laid by the Right Rev. John Watterson, bishop of
Columbus. This corner-stone is a mineral curiosity, being a con-
glomerate, containing lucid and colored quartz pebbles, was pro-
cured in northern Michigan, and was donated by Dr. John Cassidy,
the first graduate from the university in the scientific course.
Under President Walsh, also, were erected in the front of Soren hall
a dormitory for advanced students, the Mechanics' hall, or institute
of technology, and astronomical observatory. Mention may here
be made of the dimensions and finish of the principal buildings
completed under the direction of Father Corby and Father Walsh.
The main building is 320x155 feet, is constructed of cream-col-
ored brick, and the dome is gilded with pure gold-leaf, surmounted
with a massive statue of the Blessed Virgin, the head of which is
crowned with electric-light stars — 207 feet above the face of the
earth. Music hall, or academy of music, with its Washington
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
hall, is I /OX lOO feet, and is a little over lOO feet in height. It is
octagonal in form, the acoustic properties are unusually good, the
gallery seats 500, and the parterre 700 persons, and the stage is
ample for all purposes, the whole being lighted by electricity.
Sorin hall is 144 x i 12 feet, and is the residence of the advanced
classes, who have private rooms without additional cost, and also
contains the law lecture room, court room, law library, etc.
Science hall, 104x131 feet, divided into two compartments, is
replete with every accessory, and Mechanics' hall equipped in full
with all implements and tools necessary to the acquirement of
technology. The astronomical observatory comprises a revolving
dome, with a transit instrument and computing rooms in which are
smaller instruments, works of reference, etc., and in the second
floor a complete gymnasium. The infirmary is a building 200x45
feet, and is properly supplied with physicians, nurses, medicines,
etc., and the whole group of buildings is so arranged as to form a
harmonious front.
Since 1883 Prof. J. F. Edwards, the director of the Bishops'
Memorial hall, has been exerting his best energies towards found-
ing the Catholic archives of America, and building a Catholic ref-
erence library, with what success, the whole country knows.
Thousands of volumes, thousands of pamphlets and thousands of
precious manuscripts have already been collected and placed on
the shelves and in the vaults of one of the finest historical collec-
tions in America. Connected with the Bishops' Memorial hall is
a magnificent museum, containing many thousands of precious
souvenirs and relics of historic interest, besides a gallery of histor-
ical portraits unequaled this side of the Atlantic. All these articles
have already found a fitting home in the magnificent collection of
apartments known as the Bishops' Memorial hall. Thousands of
dollars hnve been spent for oil-paintings, manuscripts, books,
frames for pictures, etc.. etc., and valuable contributions of relics
and documents have been received from nearly all the dis-
tinguished prelates, priests and laymen of America.
The year 1888 was made memorable by the celebration of the
fiftieth anniversary of the ordination of Father Sorin to the priest-
hood, but the ceremonies were too elaborate for description in this
{556r
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
vcjluiiie. In May, 1S91, he made his last trip to Kurope, accom-
panied by Father Zahm, but his \'isit was of short duration. In
1892 he took a trip to the Atlantic coast for the benefit of his fail-
ing health. February 6, 1893, he entered upon the eightieth year
of his holy life. In the spring of the same year President Walsh
visited Texas, partly on business and partly for the improvement
of his health, which a trip to France had failed to restore, but on
his return frotn the south his health was still impaired. At the
close of the season he went to Wisconsin to seek relief, and found
it, alas ! at the hand of death, July 17th, and in October following
Father Sorin also passed away.
In accordance with the expressed wish of Father Walsh, Rev.
Andrew Morrissey was named as his successor, and, with the sanc-
tion of the venerable founder, became the seventh president of
Notre Dame, and no choice for the office could have better pleased
the inmates. He had been at the university since the twelfth
year of his age and was thoroughly imbued with the spirit of its
founder. The following list completes the roster of presidents of
this noble institution to date: Father Edward Sorin, founder,
from 1842 to 1865; Father Patrick Dillon, from 1865 to 1866;
Father William Corby, from 1866 to 1872; Father Augustus Le-
monnier, from 1872 to 1874; Father Patrick J. Colovin, from 1874
to 1877; Father William Corby, again, from 1877 to 1881; Father
Thomas E. Walsh, from 1881 to 1893; Father Andrew Morrissey,
from 1893 to the present time (1898).
During the same time, the vice-presidents and directors of
study have been as follows: Father Alexis Granger, from 1844 to
1 851; Father Francis Cointet, from 1851 to 1852; Father Richard
Shortis, from 1852 to 1856; Father Neil H. Gillespie, from 1856
to 1858; Father Patrick Dillon, from 1858 to 1859; Father James
M. Dillon, from 1859 to i860; Father Neil H. Gillespie, again,
from i860 to 1863; Father Patrick Dillon, again, from 1863 to
1865; Father William Corby, from 1865 to 1866; Father Augustus
Lemonnier, from 1866 to 1872; Father Michael B. Brown, from
1872 to 1874; Fathers J. M. Toohey and P. J. Colovin. from 1874
to 1875; Father John A. O'Connell, from 1875 to 1876; Father
John A. Zahm (present provincial, of whom a personal sketch is
"(557)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
given in Vol. II, page 1426), from 1876 to 1877; Father Thomas
E. Walsh, from 1877 to 1881; Father J. M. Toohey, from 1881 to
1885; Father John A. Zahm, again, from 1885 to 1886; Father
Andrew Morrissey, from 1886 to 1887; Father John A. Zahm,
again, from 1887 to 1891; Father Andrew Morrissey, again, from
1 89 1 to 1893; Father James French, from 1893 up to the present.
Many times has Xotre Dame been called upon to mourn for
the loss of her gifted priests and brothers: In 1854, when Father
Cointet and nearly twenty other members of the order died; in
1868, when Father Patrick and Father James M. Dillon died; in
1874, when Father Lemonnier and Father Gillespie died; and
finally, in 1893, when Father Walsh, Father Granger and the ven-
erable founder himself, Father Sorin, died. Thanks, however, to
the gracious protection of Heaven, the congregation and the uni-
versity, so well planned, so wisely guarded and guided, continued
to flourish as before. The works of man perish; those of God
endure. So is it with Notre Dame, under the guardian care of
Father Morrissey, president of the university; and so will it ever be
so long as the spirit of the holy founder continues to guide the
counsels of Notre Dame.
Under Father Morrissey's administration the completion of
the work laid out by his predecessors goes on. Washington hall
has been beautifully frescoed, wings have been added to Sorin hall
and a magnificent gymnasium, 240 feet long by 100 wide, com-
p'eted. Measures have been taken to revise and still further
improve the course of studies, and the corps of teachers is kept up
to the highest standard. Father Morrissey is now making plans
for building a large fire-proof library building and another hall for
students' rooms. The friends of Notre Dame, everywhere, are
gratified to find that the noble work here inaugurated shows no
sign of weakening; but, on the contrary, in everything are shown
signs of advancement towards the highest goal of excellence. The
determination was never stronger to keep Our Lady's college in the
place to which she has attained — in the van of the higher educa-
tional institutions of the land.
In the summer of 1894 Notre Dame was honored by the pres-
ence of the first American Eucharistic congress within its halls.
(55»)
IN THE STAT1-: Ol" INDIANA.
This £ijreat sacerdotal confraternit}-, numbering so many devoted
members of the bishops and priests of Europe and America, has
undoubtedly done much good in increasing devotion to the Blessed
Sacrament. The hrst congress, as held here, was most successful
and satisfactory to the numerous clergy present; and Notre Dame
was greatly honored and edified by its presence. To be selected
as the place where so great a work as that of the Eucharistic con-
gress was inaugurated is, indeed, a mark of God's blessing. Not
since the assembling of the Third Plenary council at Baltimore has
there anywhere assembled so numerous and distinguished a body
of Catholic priests and prelates.
It is needless to say that, notwithstanding the year i<S93 was
a year of sorrow, yet Notre Dame could not fail to take the keenest
interest in an exhibition so dear to the Catholic heart as the four
hundredth anniversary of the discovery of our country by the great
Catholic navigator. The fine Columbian paintings on the walls of
the main entrance to the university, which have been already
described, sufficiently attest this interest.
Notre Dame's exhibit at the world's fair, under the direction of
Prof. Edwards, was enclosed in four departments, centrally located
in the manufactures and liberal arts building. The first booth was
twenty feet square and contained Gregori's life-size, full-length
portrait of the founder of the university, together wath specimens
of the work of the pupils of Gregori and of Prof. Ackerman. Here
also were shown a map of the grounds and buildings of the univer-
sity, made by the pupils of Prof. McCue's surveying classes; sev-
eral specimens of mechanical engineering work in wood and iron;
blue tints from the institute of technology; 120 views of Notre
Dame taken by Father Kirsch's class in photography; a complete
set, twenty-five volumes, of the Notre Dame Scholastic, illus-
trating the literary work of the students; copies of various books
written and published at Notre Dame; objects of historical interest;
photographs and paintings.
In the second booth, also twenty feet square, was a small but
rich selection from the precious historical treasury of Bishops'
Memorial hall. Among these treasures were many rare old Bibles
published in the German language long before the birth of Luther.
1659)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
In the third booth were numerous precious manuscripts, mementos
of distinguished lay men and women, and various other articles of
interest shown in glass cases, including precious books and early
Catholic newspapers, intended to represent the Catholic Reference
library of America located at Notre Dame.
A history as full as that of the university itself might be writ-
ten of the various churches erected at Notre Dame, culminating
in the present beautiful edifice — the church of the Sacred Heart.
Father Sorin found here the small " upper room " of the little log
house built on the banks of St. Mary's lake by the poor Indians
for the use of their revered Black Robe, the proto-priest. Father
Stephen T. Badin, in 1830. In 1843, Father Sorin erected that
other log structure, a little higher up from the lake, in whose upper
chamber the inmates and the Catholics of the mission long contin-
ued to worship. The precious relic, alas, perished by fire in 1852.
Before this, in 1848, the first brick church was erected, east of the
lake, upon ground now occupied by the rear of the present church.
This church of 1848 was at first a little oblong building; in time
additions were made to it, including wooden towers, in which was
placed the exquisite chime of bells that still make music for Notre
Dame. When the first great organ was obtained, an extension
was made to the rear of the old church to receive it. The church
so completed served until the erection of the present edifice.
The foundations of the new church of the Sacred Heart were
begun by Father Sorin on the 8th day of December, 1868, the very
day on which the Vatican Council was opened by Pius IX. It was
also the twenty-fourth anniversary of the blessing of the well be-
loved "chapel of the Novitiate," erected upon the " Island " in
1844, and so long the center of the religious devotion of the poor
little community. It was on the same day, December 8, 1844,
that the Arch Confraternity was solemnly established in the same
chapel, the most blessed society ever established at Notre Dame.
Slowly, from 1869 until Father Sorin's jubilee, in 1888, the
church of the Sacred Heart went on to completion, year by year,
until its solemn consecration, when it appeared to the world as
perhaps the most beautiful church in America. That there should
be sacred shrines at Notre Dame might be expected. No churches
(560)
ST. MARY'S CHAPPEL,
NOTRE DAME. IND.
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
nor chapels in America, and few in any part o the world are
„,ore blessed with special blessings. All the indulgences o he
portinmcula of St. Francis are attached to the church of the
Sacred Heart; and there, on the 2d of Augu t. each year, p.ous
people co.ne in great numbers. To the same church, on the i 5th
of August, comes a yearly pilgrimage from St. Augustine s parish
in Kalamazoo, and fro.n other towns in Michigan. On ro.ary
Sunday in October a pious throng come reverently frorn St^
Joseph's parish in Mishawaka. and from the churches of South
Bend and elsewhere. The blessings of Marquette, of Allouez. of
Badin of De-Seille. of Petit, and, may we not now say, of Sonn
are upon the land. From a brief history of the university of
Notre Dame du Lac, prepared for the golden jubilee, June. 1895,
this closing paragraph is extracted:
Wh.le it would have seemed fitting that the golden jubilee of Notre Dame
should hve been celebrated in 1892, fifty years from the date of her foundmg yet
our readers will, perhaps, now see why this was not done. Sorrow was brooding
"rTlma Mater and she could not then, nor even in the succeedmg years u t
now lav aside the habiliments of mourning. But she has remembered that
ahh;ugh Father Sorin, as well as Father Granuer and Father Walsh, would have
been deliK^d to be with us. yet that they would be grieved if we were to rerx.am
in sorrow The.r wish is that we should go forward and rejo.ce m the work wh.ch
hey and 'their co-laborers have ac:omplished. and which they charge us to mam^
tahf and extend as they would have done if they had remamed w.th us. \\ e go
forward in joy?then. and in thanksgiving to celebrate the golden jubdee of Notre
D le t us ing tha those who come after us, m 1942, w.ll find that we too, have
done ^u work well; that we have not buried *he five talents g.ven us, but have car-
ried on lith still mcreasing success the work of Christian ed.cat.on begun a hun-
dred years before by Father Sorin and his brethren of the Holy Coss.
St Mary's Academy. Notre Dame. St. Joseph county.— The
development of material resources which meet the demands of
the changing epochs is matter for wonder, as well as for gratitude,
to the all-seeing, all-loving Providence w^hich ordereth all things
sweetly. But in no phase of the economy of the universe is the
hand of God more clearly visible than in the rise and progress of
religious communities. ■ , 1
Each period of the church's growth developed special needs,
and those needs were met by the establishment of orders devoted
to the particular line of work called for by the exigencies o^the
(565)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
times. The mere suggestion of this thought brings before the
mind examples in proof of it: Saint Benedict and his followers,
Saint Dominick and his preachers, Saint Francis of Assisi and his
brothers of poverty. Saint Ignatius and his soldier priests.
And as in the church every agency for good is accounted
worthy, so the minor congregations and communities — lesser
branches of the great tree of religious orders — are alloted a fixed
place in the vineyard of the Lord, where they serve to further the
cause of Christ.
Among the congregations founded in this century, we find
some devoted to the work of education; others are dedicated to
the service of the sick; others again care for the bereaved little
ones of the fold — the orphans. These three noble works united
form the objects of the Sisters of the Holy Cross, a congregation
priviliged by God to become a strong factor in the work of the
Catholic church in America.
This congregation, founded in Le Mans, France, in 1841, by
the saintly Abbe Moreau, was established in this country at Ber-
trand, Mich., in July, 1844, by Very Rev. E. Sorin, one of Father
Moreau's earliest associates; and in September of the same year,
the habit of the congregation was given for the first time in
America.
■ That to the high vocation of the religious teacher was added
the apostolic spirit, is evident from the early annals, wherein it is
recorded that the Sisters — e\«en though the number to be spared
from the Bertrand school was small — were sent to Pokagon, Mich.,
where 300 Pottowatamie Indians were instructed in the saving
truths of our holy religion.
The first decade of growth was attended with the vicissitudes
wherewith God strengthens his elect, but by 1855 houses in New
Orleans, New York, Mishawaka and Lowell, testified to the zeal
and activity of the mother-house, which bravely surmounted diffi-
culties which to less courageous souls would have seemed insur-
mountable.
In 1855 the community moved from Bertrand to St. Mary's,
St. Joseph county, Ind., the present site of the mother-house of
the Sisters of the Holy Cross. In 1857, the union of temporal
per
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
interests between Notre Dame and Saint Mary's was severed, and
a separate administration has been maintained ever since, thouj^h
by special privilege of His Holiness, Pius IX (a grant lately con-
firmed by Leo XIII), Very Rev. E. Sorin was allowed to act as
ecclesiastical superior over both congregations — that composed of
the priests and brothers, and that of the Sisters of the Holy
Cross.
About this time Mother M. Angela, a woman imbued with the
highest religious aspirations, and endow^ed with rare mental gifts,
was elected provincial, and until her death, in 1887, it was her lot
never to be without the burden of office.
From 1855 to 1865 were years of trial and of growth. Found-
ations were made in Chicago, Laporte, Michigan City, Philadel-
phia, Washington, D. C. , Morris, Baltimore, South Bend, Craw-
fordsville, Joliet and other places. The four eventful years of
this decade were, of course, the years of war, and Mother Angela,
with a corps of devoted Sisters, some of whom are still living, spent
their best energies in caring for the sick and wounded soldiers un-
til peace was proclaimed. The services of the Sisters of the Holy
Cross were given at Cairo, Mound City, Memphis, Louisville,
Paducah, Jefferson and Washington; and everywhere was grateful
recognition accorded their devoted efforts.
The three decades following developed the congregation along
broad lines leading ever to nobler heights of achievement, and the
epoch of greatest advancement dawned when Pope Pius sanctioned
the separation of the Sisters of the Congregation of the Holy
Cross from France, thus changing St. Mary's from a provincial-
house to the mother-house of the Sisters of the Holy Cross in
America.
The death of Mother Angela, in 1887, the failing health of
Father Sorin, and his death in 1893, were the dark shadows over
the path of peace along which God was pleased to lead the congre-
gation; and yet the shadows but made those who mourned their
loss look at the light shining beyond — a light which whispers of
hope to the spiritual children of a devoted father and founder and
his zealous, self-sacrificing co-laborer.
St. Mary's Academy is situated about eighty miles east of
34 (•'^'^T)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
Chicago, 111., and two miles from South Bend, Ind., and can be
easily reached by railroad from any part of the United States or
Canada. The views herewith presented of the academy and its
chapel (Our Lady of Loreto) will give the reader some idea of their
rare architectural beauty. The academy buildings are healthfully
located on an eminence overlooking the St. Joseph river, along
whose picturesque banks magnificent forest trees still stand in their
native grandeur.
The academy buildings, of cream-colored brick with stone
trimmings, are spacious, comfortable and commodious — admirably
adapted in every respect to the object in view at their erection.
The institution is heated by steam, no fire being used in any part
of the academy. Bath rooms, supplied with hot and cold water,
communicate with the sleeping apartments. The sLudy-halls, dor-
mitories and class-rooms are well lighted and thoroughly ventilated.
In addition to the system of water works in the interior — water
from artesian wells being driven to all parts of the building through
iron pipes, with hose attachment on each lioor — iron balconies
and outside fire escapes have been erected on all the academy
buildings.
The chapel of Our Lady of Loreto, designed by the late Very
Rev. Edward Sorin, C. S. C, is a matchless piece of architecture,
Romanesque in style and unique in plan. The stained glass win-
dows, which are marvels of artistic beauty, are from Le Mans,
France. The dome of the chapel is fitly crowned with the sym-
bol of our Redemption, the distinctive mark of the order of the
Holy Cross.
Among the many attractions at St. Mary's, not the least, in
point of usefulness and architectural beauty, is St. Angela's hall,
which is designed especially for lectures, concerts and musicales
throughout the year, and for commencement exercises Its seat-
ing capacity is 800.
In Science hall, the degree of e.xcellence attained at St. Mary's
in the musical and art departments has long been recognized by
the friends of the institution, and many visitors to the music
halls and studios have given expression to surprise at the pro-
ficiency shown by the pupils. But while special attention is paid
(568F
IN THIi STATE 01" INDIANA.
to the fine arts, they are not cultivated to the neglect ol the prac-
tical sciences, as a visit to the classes of natural philosophy and
chemistry would fully demonstrate. No pains have been spared to
secure a physical cabinet worthy the name, and, as a result, the
academy has a collection of instruments, from the best known
manufacturing establishments of Europe, for illustrating the laws
of sound, light, electricit}', heat and magnetism, as well as the
principles of mechanics.
The course of studies is as extensive and thorough as long
experience in teaching and a large and capable staff of teachers can
make it. The best systems of instruction are adopted in the
various departments, and the best authors selected for each branch.
If the student begins in the junior class, four years will be required
to complete a full academic course; if in the preparatorv, seven
years will be required for a full course.
And to-day, after a life of fifty-four years in the new world,
the congregation of the Sisters of the Holy Cross, fully approved
by the church, numbers over 800 members, having under their care
schools, hospitals and orphans' asylums in twelve different states;
over 6,000 day pupils are taught annually in their parochial schools,
and more than 600 in the boarding schools, while over 2,000 patients
in the various hospitals are ministered to yearly by the Sisters of
the Holy Cross.
Those who have studied the congregation in its workings give
zeal and devotedness as its characteristics. Added to this is a
spirit of rational progress, which uses every means to make the
congregation better fitted to meet its threefold end — the care of
the orphan, the amelioration of the sufferings of the sick and the
education of children, as well as that higher, fuller training of
young women, which yields to college degrees and through all ave-
nues of advancement to wide fields of usefulness.
Judging from its past and its present, the congregation of the
Sisters of the Holy Cross has every reason to look to a future
blessed by God with increased powers of furthering His interests,
thereby drawing down new blessings and becoming, day by day, a
stronger influence in Catholic educational and charitable work.
(569)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
RENSSELAER, JASPER COUNTY.
St. Joseph College, conducted by the Fathers of the Precious
Blood, was opened in September, 1891, and is located one mile
south of Rensselaer, on the site formerly occupied by the orphan
asylum. The children cared for here were transferred to LaFay-
ette and Fort Wayne institutions, the property was neglected, and
the building destroyed by fire. Thus, in 1890, Rt. Rev. Bishop
Dwenger transferred the land (300 acresj to the Fathers of the
Precious Blood, who at once began the work for founding St.
Joseph college. Father Anthony Dick had charge of the parish at
Rensselaer, and superintended the construction of the college-
building until January, 1891, when Rev. Augustine Seifert, C. PP.
S., took charge and completed the structure. The school opened
in September, with Rev. Augustine Seifert, C. PP. S., as rector.
Only lifty-four students were enrolled during the first year, and the
faculty consisted of five Fathers and one lay teacher. The institu-
tion had a healthy growth, and during the year 1892-93, eighty-
six students were enrolled and the faculty increased to nine. An
addition was now built doubling the size of the college building
making it 228 feet frontage and accommodation for 200 students,
but the attendance in 1893 94 was i 15 students.
In the basement of the building there is a large recreation
hall, bath-rooms and dining room. On the first floor are the study-
hall, library, parlor, private room, Collegeville post-of!ice (estab-
lished iMay 9, 1893) and class rooms. The second floor is occupied
by the chapel and priests' rooms, and the third floor is devoted to
the entertainment hall, one dormitory, etc. The building has
steam heat, gas light and other modern improvements, which make
it safe and convenient. The campus is well improved, has an arti-
ficial lake and good facilities for athletic sports and exercise. In
1897 an additional building was erected as a minim and music
department. The attendance is largely from Ohio, Indiana, Illi-
nois, Missouri and Michigan, but some other states are also repre-
sented. The classic course is six years; commercial course three
years, and the normal course three years; the latter, however, is
to be extended. The students are all cared for at the college and
('570) '
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
are thus conlinuall}' under the watchful care of the Fathers; the
large farm is carried on by Brothers and lay members, and Catho-
lic boys are only admitted. The institution is now practically self-
sustaining, the attendance in 1897-98 being 140 students.
ST. meinrad's, spencer county.
St. Meinrad College and Seminary. — The famous Benedictine
order — an order that for fourteen centuries has labored most
devotedly and successfully in christianizing, educating and ele-
vating mankind — established as early as 1853 a branch house at a
place they have named St. Meinrad, in Harrison township, Spen-
cer county, Ind.
It was at the urgent request of the late Bishop de St. Palais,
expressed through his vicar-general, the late Very Rev. Joseph
Kundeck, pastor at Jasper, Ind., that this great boon was granted
by the Benedictine authorities to the Catholic people of Indiana.
The pioneers of the Benedictine order in Indiana were Rev.
P. Bede O'Connor and Rev. P. Ulrich Christen, who were sent
from the celebrated abbey at Einsiedeln, Switzerland, by vote of
the chapter, and who were blessed by the then reigning Pontiff,
Pius IX. The nauies of these good priests will always be lovingly
linked with St. Meinrad abbey and also with the old diocese of
Vincennes, now the diocese of Indianapo is.
St. Meinrad began as a simple convent in 1853, but Pius IX,
in 1869, conferred upon it the rank and distinction of an independ-
ent abbey. Right Rev. Martin Marty, in 1871, was consecrated
the first abbot, but later on he became bishop of St. Cloud,
Minn. The second was Right Rev. Fintan Mundwiler, who was
consecrated in 1880. The third and present abbot is Right Rev.
Athanasius Schmitt, a sketch and excellent portrait of whom will
be found on pages 906 and 907, Vol. II.
From a small beginning in 1853 — a log cabin situated on a
tract of land of 160 acres that cost just $2,650 — St. Meinrad abbey
grew in dimensions and in favor among the people until, in 1857,
it was sufficiently prepared to throw open its doors for the recep-
tion of students. Its lands have increased from 160 acres to more
than ten times that number, and its splendid buildings, although
(571)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
almost completely destroyed by the disasterous fire of 1887, have
been renewed in their imposing and majestic proportions. Excel-
lent views of both St. Meinrad abbey and Jasper college are given
in this work. These structures need no further description here
other than to say that they are modern in their appointments and
aptly designed for the purposes to which they are devoted.
As institutions of learning, both sacred and secular, they com-
prise three departments: Theological, classical, commercial and
scientific. The first two are for ecclesiastical students only, and
are maintained at St. Meinrad; the last-named department receives
special attention at Jasper college. These departments are ably
and successfully conducted, and the proofs citable are the great
number of learned and exemplary priests in this and other dioceses
and the numerous company of la}' scholars who point with pride
to these institutions as their alma mater.
The site of St. Meinrad college and seminary is the delightful
rolling — in fact, hilly — country of southern Indiana. It is fifteen
miles north of the Ohio river and is thirteen miles from the rail-
road station at Ferdinand, on the Louisville, Evansville & St.
Louis railroad. A beautiful eminence is the chosen nestling-spot
for the abbey buildings, and from this high perch can be viewed
the broad stretches of valley, the sweep of the neighboring hills,
and the picturesqueness of wood and dell and stream. The health-
fulness of the climate, coupled with the substantial fare provided
and the regularity of habits there inculcated, has the effect of
benefiting not only the physical but also the mental and the moral
health of the students.
A consideration of great consequence might be mentioned in
this connection — the fact that the charge each session for students,
including tuition, board, bedding, mending of linens, etc., is but
the small sum of $75. This alone ought to induce students to
patronize St. Meinrad's.
Rt. Rev. Athanasius Schmitt, O. S. B., abbot, is president of
the board of trustees and also of the officers' board of the abbey.
He is rector of the seminary and professor of moral theology and
liturgy. Rev. Gregory Bechtold, O. S. B., is assistant rector of
the seminary, and professor of dogmatic theology, philology and
(572r
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IN TIIK STATIC OF INDIANA.
canon law. Rev. Bede Malcr, O. S. li., is professor of exegesis
and church history. Rev. Dominick Barthel, O. S. B., is rector
of the college and professor of English literature, oratory, elocu-
tion and honiiletics. Rev. Laurence Faller, O. S. B., is professor
of philosophy. Rev. Andrew Bauer, O. S. B., is professor of
Latin, Greek, German, literature, Christian doctrine and liturgy.
Very Rev. Alphonse Leute, O. S. B. . is professor of Hebrew,
homiletics and pastoral and moral theology. Rev. Kaspar Seller
is professor of moral theology and philology.
Among the professors who are members of the faculty and
hold chairs in the classical department might be mentioned Rev.
Othmar Schneeberger, O. S. B. ; Rev. Odildo Witt, O. S. B.
Rev. Marcus Meyer, O. S. B. ; Rev. Vincent Wagner, O. S. B.
Rev. Eugene Spiess, O. S. B. ; Rev. Francis Schoeppner. O. S
B. ; Rev. Mauer Helfrich, O. S. B. ; Ven. J. Chrysostom Coons,
O. S. B. ; and Ven. Philip Bauer, O. S. B.
While a large share of material prosperity would appear to
attend upon every effort of the monks of St. Meinrad — so much
so as to enable them to acquire additional lands, to push toward
completion thsir abbay bjildings according to the original plans,
and to even undertake the erection of a grand new church, which
is to be 200x75 feet, ground plan, and for which excavations are
now being made— it is yet evident, from the above passing glance
at facts, that the intellectual and the moral are not only not neg-
lected but are made the special study and aim of the entire com-
munity. If, in a tangible way, prosperity's sun shines on the Sons
of St. Benedict at St. Meinrad's abbey, its rays are dimmed by the
bright light of that spiritual sun whose effulgence and warmth con-
tinually energize these good men in the fulfillment of their mis-
sion in the spread of education, religion and truth, ut in omnibus
glorificetur Deus — " that in all things God may be glorified."
JASPER, DUBOIS COUNTY.
Jasper College, at Jasper, Dubois county, was founded in 1889,
was opened for the reception of students September 12, that year,
and was incorporated in January, 1890, under the laws of the
state, in conjunction with St. Meinrad's college, and empowered to
(575)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
confer the usual academic degrees. The institution is under the
supervision of the Benedictine Fathers of St. Meinrad's abbey, but
is open to all, irrespective of religious persuasion. The course of
study comprises from three to five years, during which solid in-
struction is given in commercial and scientific knowledge and
thorough preparation for entrance to more advanced institutions of
learning.
The college buildings are situated on the outskirts of Jasper,
on a broad and prominent eminence, from which they command a
fine view of the surrounding country for miles around, and this is
one of the most healthy and beautiful sites in southern Indiana.
The buildings are substantially built of brick and sandstone, with
Bedford and Lake Superior sandstone trimmings. The kitchen,
refectory and boiler-room are located in separate buildings espe-
cially constructed for that purpose, at a distance of several yards
from the main structure. This separation was made in order to
avoid divers difficulties and hindrances, which, experience teaches,
cannot be obviated without such precaution. All the halls, rooms
and corriders in each building are well lighted and ventilated,
heated by an excellent system of steam-heating, and furnished with
water-pipes and appurtenances. The lavatory and bath-rooms,
supplied with hot and cold water, have been fitted out with modern
improvements. For cleanliness and convenience they are most
perfect. The absence of stoves, the convenience of fire plugs and
hose, the caution taken to have every wall and partition built of
brick, all tend to make the structure safe against confiagrations.
Every appliance has been carefully and tastefully selected with a
view of giving the newly-built college the advantages of a beauti-
ful, commodious and healthfully-arranged edifice.
The college possesses extensive and suitable play grounds for
games of baseball, and many outdoor and indoor appliances so
useful for the physical culture as well as the mental and moral
advancement of the student.
The proximity of a river that affords splendid opportunities for
river sports, such as boating, fishing and swimming in summer, and
skating in winter, adds considerably to the desirableness of the site
chosen for Jasper college.
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
Tlie faculty and officers of the institution are at present the
following: Right Rev. Athanasius Schniitt, O. S. B., president;
Rev. Bernard Heichelbech, O. S. B., rector, treasurer and pro-
fessor; Rev. Martin Hoppenjans, O. S. B., secretary and professor;
Rev. Robert (ilassmeyer, O. S. B., professor; Rev. /Emilian
Kurre, O. S. II, professor; Rev. Simon Barber, O. S. B., pro-
fessor; Conrad Kremp, professor, and E. J. Kernpf, M. D., physi-
cian.
VIGO COUNTY.
St. Mary's Academic Institute, in Vigo county, now one of the
foremost educational auxiliaries of the Catholic church in the state,
was founded by the Sisters of Providence of Ruille-sur-Loir, France,
of which order six heroic sisters, under the leadership of Mile. Guerin,
arrived on the site of the present edifice October 22, 1840, and
here they found a small log cabin, already erected, inclosing one
room, 14x12 feet, which served the purposes of chapel, dormi-
tory, priest's room, and all other requirements of shelter and util-
ity for the postulants, and this humble chapel was the germ of the
magnificent structure now known as St. Mary's of the Woods.
Mother Theodore, as Mile. Guerin was known to the church
and the Sisters of Providence, was born in Brittainy, France, in
1798, early became imbued with the spirit of the Holy Ghost and
in 1823 was admitted to the convent of Ruille-sur-Loir. She was
a woman of no ordinary powers and soon rose to prominence in
the sisterhood. On reaching Vigo county, Ind., she and her com-
panions found shelter in the home of the good farmer Thrall,
which home the good mother subsequently purchased, and Novem-
ber 27, 1840, converted into a convent, having used, in the mean-
time, the little log cabin as a chapel and the farmer's house as a
dormitory.
The funds for the purchase of this farmhouse and for mak-
ing the necessary improvements were furnished by Frances F.
Ragor. Not far from this odd convent Bishop Brute had com-
menced the erection of another building, which was destined to
become the first academy proper of St. Mary's of the Woods. It
was of brick, 46x25 feet, two stories high, and the corner-stone
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
was blessed August 17, 1840, and the academy opened for the
reception of pupils in the spring" of 1841. The 7th day of Novem-
ber, in the same year, brought to the academy, from France, as
an assistant to Mother Theodore, the accomplished artist. Sister
Frances Xavier, in'c Mile. Irma le Fer de la Motte, and in her was
found a valuable auxiliary in the initiation of the higher class of
secular education.
The academy continued to prosper and the pupils so increased
in number that Mother Theodore found it necessary to take steps
for the enlargement of the school accommodations, and decided to
go to France in search of aid. Therefore, accompanied by Sister
M. Cecilia, a young American novice, she started May i, 1843,
for her native land as a postulant, secured the required assistance,
and on her return erected St. Ann's chapel, but it was not until
1845 that the work of enlarging the academy proper was begun.
Two wings, each two stories high, were added to the academy
building and branch schools established in various parts of the
state, and the same year the institute was legally incorporated.
In 1852 work was begun on a new edifice. August 6, 1854, the
Sisters moved into their new Providence, and here, on March 17,
1856, the sainted Theodore was called to her eternal rest.
In the summer of 1856 Sister Mary Cecilia, first assistant of
the academy, was elected to succeed Mother Theodore. The fame
of the institution, under her wise administration, continued to
spread, and although apartment after apartment in the new Prov-
idence was appropriated to the use of the augmenting pupils, the
accommodations became so overcrowded that the want of a new
academy made itself too obvious. Accordingly, on August 15,
i860, the corner-stone of the present edifice was laid by Right
Rev. Bishop de St. Palais, assisted by Rev. Bede O'Connor, the
Very Rev. John B. Corbe, Rev. Father Vanhulst and Revs. Beck-
wick, Hortsmann and Chasse. Work was proceeded with through-
out the wild period of the Civil war, and at its close the present
group of noble buildings marked the present site of St. Mary's of
the Woods, with its academic institute. The community of the
Sisters of Providence numbers 637, the Sisters number 133, the
novices sixty-one and the postulants thirteen, and the pupils
(678r
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
attendant at the academy number 170. This institution is to-day
numbered among the best schools in the United States, and is a
monument indestructible to the patience and perseverance of the
humble Sisters who brought it into existence.
Herewith is appended a tabulated statement, derived from au-
thentic sources, such as the diocesan report of parochial schools of
the school board of Fort Wayne for i<S93-98, reports from various
pastors and officials in the diocese of Indianapolis, and gleanings
from papers furnished by private individuals, the whole being com-
piled in such a manner as to show at a glance the number of pupils
attending each parochial school in the state, as far as it has been
possible, at the close of 1898, to get at the statistics. Although
incomplete, it will yet convey a general idea of the progress made
in the education of Catholic children without cost to the state.
DIOCESE OF VINX'ENNES.
Schools. No. of Pupils.
\'incennes — St. Francis Xavier
for boys 120
for girls 91
St. John the Baptist 236
Aurora — Immaculate Conception. 267
Batesville— St. Louis 240
Bluffton — St. Joseph's 33
Bradford— St. Michael's 80
Brazil — Annunciation of the B.
V. M 240
Brookville— St. Michael's 200
Cannelton — St. Michael's (Ger-
man) 139
Cedar Grove — Holy Guardian An-
gels 107
Celestine — St. Celestine's 147
Columbus — St. Bartholomew's... 107
Connersville — St. Gabriel's... 187
Dover— St. John the Baptist 116
Enochsburg— St. John the Evan-
gelist's 65
Evansville — Assumption 240
Holy Trinity 506
St. Mary's (German) 400
Schools. No. of Pupils.
St. Boniface's 267
St. Anthony's 433
Eerdinand — St. Ferdinand's 266
Floyd Knobs — St. Mary's of the
Assumption 130
Frenchtown— St. l^ernard's 55
Fulda — St. Boniface's 133
Greencastle — St. Paul's 107
Greensburg — St. Mary's 80
Hamburg — St. Ann's 110
Haubstadt— SS. Peter and Paul's. 130
Huntingburg-Visitation of the B.
V. M 133
Indianapolis — SS. Peter and
Paul's 100
Assumption 253
St. Bridget's 266
St. Ann's (colored) 60
Holy Cross 266
St. John's 673
St. Joseph's 306
St. Mary's (German) 350
St. Patrick's 387
Sacred Heart of Jesus 666
"(579)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
Schools. No. of Pupils.
St. Anthony's 150
Ireland - St. Mary's 30
Jasper — St. Joseph's 350
jeffersonville— St. Augustine's... 275
Lanesville— St. .Mary's 110
Lawrenceburg — St. Lawrence's... 240
Loogootee -St. John's 180
Madison St. Michael's 180
St. Mary's (German) 180
Mariah Hill— Help of Christians, 160
Millhousen — Immaculate Concep-
tion 200
Montgomery— St. Peter's 152
Morris— St. Anthony's 180
Mount \'ernon— St. Matthew's. . . 133
Napoleon — St. Maurice's 47
New Albany— Holy Trinity 400
Annunciation.. 429
New Alsace— St. Paul's 146
North Madison— St. Patrick's 40
North Vernon— Nativity B. \'. .M.. 107
Obertville— St. Bernard's 28
Oldenburg Holy Family 286
Poseyville — St. Francis Xavier's.. 30
Prescott St. Vincent's 67
Richmond — St. Mary's 233
St. Andrew's (German) 400
Rockport— St. Bernard's 53
Rushville — Immaculate- Concep-
tion 1~3
Siberia— St. Martin's 53
St. Ann's (Jennings county) 87
St. Anthony's (Dubois county)... 166
Schools. Xo. of Pupils.
.St. Denis' (Decatur county) 33
St. Henry (Dubois county) 113
St. James (Gibson county) 120
St. John's (Warrick county) 53
St. Joseph's (Clark county) 93
St. Joseph's (Dearborn county). . . 200
St. Joseph's (Vanderburg county). 87
St. Mary of the Rocks (Franklin
county) 103
Mission of Oak Forest 53
St. Mary of the Woods (\'igo
county) 67
St. Maurice (Decatur county). ... 99
St. Meinrad (Spencer county). . . 147
St. Nicholas (Ripley county) 40
St. Peter's (Franklin county) 160
St. Wendel (Posey county) 240
Schnellville— Sacred Heart 115
Seymour — St. Ambrose's 114
Shelbyville— St. Joseph's 133
Starlight— St. John's 87
Tell Ciiy— St. Paul's 136
Terre Haute— St. Joseph's (girls
attend academy) boys . . 173
St. Benedict's (German) 238
St. Ann's (German) 107
St. Patrick's 186
Troy — St. Pius 87
Washfngton— St. Simons 92
Immaculate Conception (Ger-
man) 181
YorkviUe— St. Martin's 110
DIOCESE OF FORT WAYNE.
Schools. No. of Pupils.
Fort Wayne Immaculate Con-
ception '<^82
Mother of God 521
.St. Patrick's 440
St. Paul's 210
St Pt ter's 355
Alexandria— St. Mary's 157
Anderson -St. Mary's 266
Areola— St. Patrick's 66
Attica— St. Francis' 53
Schools. No. of Pupilx.
Avilla— St. Augustine's 133
Cedar Lake— St. Martin's 56
Chesterton— St. Patrick's 83
Columbia City- -St. Joseph's 80
Crawfordsville -St. Bernard's 121
Crown Point--St. Mary's 130
Decatur — St. Joseph's 333
Delphi— St. Joseph's 117
Dunnington— St. Mary's 147
Dyer — St. Joseph's 80
(580)
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
Schools. No. of P'ipilK.
E;ul Park St. Anthony's 87
Eiii — Immaculate Conception .... 45
Elkhart St. \'incent's 177
Elvvood -St. Joseph's 22;i
Fowler — Sacred Heart oo
Garrett City -St. Joseph's 177
Go.shen— St. John's iJU
Hammond — St. Joseph's 363
St. Casimir's 77
All Saints' ,155
Hanover Center— St. Martin's. . .. 52
Hesse Cassel— St. Joseph's 75
Huntington— SS. Peter and Paul's 188
St. Mary's 130
Kentland — St. Joseph's 41
Klaasville — St. Anthony's 35
Kokomo— St. Patrick's 128
La Fayette— St. Mary's 297
St. Boniface's 270
St. Ann's 142
St. Lawrence's 101
La Gro-St. Patrick's 32
Laporte — St. Rose's 40
St. Joseph's 72
Logansport — St. ^'incent de Paul's 300
St. Joseph's 288
St. Bridget's 157
Lottaville—SS. Peter and Paul's. 59
Srhoois. No. of I'lipi/n.
Michigan City St. Mary's 530
St. Stanislas" 150
M ishawaka - St. Josejjh's 208
Mdnrocvillc St. Rose's 50
Monterey — St. Ann's 7H
Muncie- St. Lawrence's 303
New Corydon Holy Trinity 124
New Haven — St. John the Baptist 128
Otis- Sacred Heart 72
Peru- — St. Charles Borromeo 250
Plymouth— St. Michael's IKi
St. John's (Lake county) 140
St. Mary's Home (Jay county). . . . 133
Missions in Adams county 53
-St. Vincent's (Allen county) 80
Schererville — St. Michael's 53
Sheldon — St. Aloysius' 71
South Bend— St. Patrick's 400
St. Hedwig's 1017
St. Joseph's 322
St. Mary's 246
Terre Couppee — St. Stanislas'.... 50
Tipton — St. John's 168
Union City— St. Mary's 123
V;^! Iparaiso — St. Paul's 179
Wanatah — Most Precious Blood. . 53
Whiting— Sacred Heart 193
Winamac- St. Peter's 93
(581)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
CHAPTER X\T.
MONASTERIES, CONVENTS, AND OTHER CATHOLIC RELIGIOUS HOUSES
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
FOLLOWING will be found brief, though comprehensive,
sketches of the various religious houses in the state of Indiana.
EVANSVILLE, VANDERBURG COUNTY.
The Monastery of the Poor Clares at Evansville. — On Tues-
day, October 4, 1898, the Poor Clares of the Monastery of St.
Clare, Evansville, celebrated for the first time since their founda-
tion in this city the festival of their seraphic patriarch, St. Francis
of Assisi. At 10 A. M. there was a solemn high mass, the celebrant
being the Very Rev. Marianus Fiege, superior of the Franciscan
Capuchin Fathers at Franklin, Ind., assisted by Rev. L. M.
Burkhardt, of the church of St. Boniface, and Rev. Father Schaub,
of St. Mary's, as deacon and sub-deacon, respectively. Father
Marianus also delivered a brief discourse on the great St. Francis,
pointing out his wonderful and singular conformity with Jesus
Christ crucified, which characteristic has also ever been the chief
feature of the lives of his spiritual children, the members of the
three great orders established by him, and has always been an
object lesson to people in the world, since none can be saved unless
he be made " conformable to the image of the Son of God."
The monastery of St. Clare at Evansville is a recent founda-
tion, and the third of its kind in the United States. The history
of the Poor Clares in this country is not without its special interest,
though we can touch on it but briefly.
On August 12, 1875, in obedience to his Holiness, Pope Pius
IX, and to the most reverend father-general of the Franciscan
Fathers of the Observance, two sisters — sisters in the world as
(582)
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
well as in the cloister — Maria Maddalena and Maria Costanza,
both members of the distinguished noble family of Bentivoglio, in
Rome, set out from the ancient monastery of San Lorenzo in
Panispenra, Rome, to come to the United States. Before leaving
they were received in special audience by the Holy Father, who,
with his blessing, bade them go to a land where man\- were but
little interested in spiritual matters, in order to show by a silent
teaching that true happiness was not to be found in the possession
of temporal and material things. They were introduced to his
Holiness by Dr. Chatard, the present bishop of Indianapolis, who
was then the rector of the American college in Rome, and who had
always been deeply interested in the foundation of the Order of
Poor Clares in his own native country. The sisters landed in New
York on October 12, 1875, and their first permanent establishment
was in the city of Omaha, Neb. Foundations of religious com-
munities have always been attended with heavy trials and crosses,
and the daughters of St. Clare were not to be an exception. But
their difficulties came to a happy termination when, on July 14,
1882, they had the happiness of seeing the first monastery of their
order canonically erected in the United States.
The new community prospered under the blessing of God so
that, in 1885, a colony from the mother house in Omaha went to
establish a new monastery in New Orleans, and in July, 1897,
Mother Mary Maddalena Bentivoglio came to Evansville for the
purpose of establishing another foundation. She was accompanied
by ten sisters from Omaha, who volunteered to share with her in
the hardships inseparable from an undertaking of this kind. The
new monastery has already been placed on a canonical footing; the
strict monastic enclosure has been regularly established, and all the
privileges of the Franciscan order, in particular that of the great
indulgence of Portiuncula, have been attached to it.
The life of the Poor Clares is, however, unfortunately not
rightly understood by the vast majority of men, and hence their
order is not as much appreciated as it deserves to be. To trample
upon the riches and pleasures of this world; to leave the world
entirely, and shut one's self up within the four walls of the cloister;
to give ones self to a life of great austerity, to long hours of watch-
~(583)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
ing and prayer, day after day, until death, and thus to throw, so to
speak, one's Hfe away — this the world cannot understand; but the
world can understand and know how to value the lives of the Little
Sisters of the Poor, or of the Sisters of Charity, and the other
religious of the same nature, whose lives are spent among the
poor, the sick, the ignorant. Here the good that is being done is
seen by all the world; but with regard to the Poor Clares, nothing
is seen; and hence the majority of men conclude that nothing is
done. But if their lives are rightly studied, it must be concluded
that the good they are doing is as much above the good done by
many others as the soul is above the body.
Visit one of their monasteries. The plain, unpretentious
building is in itself calculated to impress you. There it stands in
its rigid simplicity and utter poverty, as a silent protest to worldly
grandure and luxury. Then enter; what an atmosphere of restful-
ness, of peaceful calm and happiness pervades the whole building.
You feel yourself lifted above the world and feel ever so much
nearer to God. And you leave with something like a feeling of
jealousy and envy, as though you would like to change places with
these recluses. Poverty and simplicity reign supreme. Their
garments are of coarse material. Shoes and stockings are a luxurj'
which they despise. Their bed is of hard straw. Their bill of
fare is extremely simple. They never touch flesh meat. One full
meal a day suffices. They observe perpetual silence, interrupted
only once a day for a short time as a little recreation, at other
times only through necessity or charity. There are other peniten-
tial exercises now and then. Then there are long hours of prayer,
mental and vocal, before the blessed Sacrament. And the rest of
the time is usefully spent in manual labor, the work of the house,
a little gardening and needlework. No one is idle. No moment
is lost. Many go there born and reared in the lap of luxury, and
yet they enjoy excellent health. Many join who are of a weak and
delicate constitution, and they grow perfectly well and strong.
Nearly all of them live to a ripe old age.
These religious are noble and heroic souls, who give the world
magnificent lessons of true wisdom and courage; their lives are as
(584)
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
free of unselrtshness and as full of genuine charity as they are noble
and heroic.
St. Francis of Assisi performed a complete work by the estab-
lishment of his three orders. By his first and second orders he
provided for those who, like himself, wished to retire from the
world and consecrate themselves entirely to God. By his third
order he provided for all Christians in the world who were anxious
to save their souls. The brethren of the first order are like the
soldiers who are actively engaged on the battle field, fighting against
sin and vice in every shape and form, and leading men on both
by word and example to enroll themselves under the standard
Jesus Christ and to follow His divine example. While the breth-
ren are thus exposed on the battle field, they know that they are
assisted in the work of saving souls by their sisters in the retire-
ment of the cloister, kneeling around their heavenly Spouse, be-
seeching him in earnest prayer, by their tears and supplications,
by their sinless and mortified lives, to spare the souls redeemed by
His precious blood. And it will never be known until the last day
what an amount of good the world owes to their fervent petitions.
There is a beautiful scene recorded in the life of St. Clare, the
holy foundress of the order, which was a sort of figure of what the
influence of the lives of her spiritual daughters would effect. When
in the year 1239 the Saracens who were attached to the army of
Frederick H attacked the city of Assisi and were already about to
break into Clare's convent, she being sick, caused herself to be
carried to the door, holding in her hands the sacred vessel contain-
ing the holy Eucharist, and then prayed aloud. "O Lord, deliver
not unto beasts the souls of them that praise Thee, but preserve
Thy handmaids whom Thou hast redeemed with Thy precious
blood," whereupon a voice was heard which said, " I will always
preserve you." And thus Clare saved both her own daughters as
well as the city of Assisi, for the Saracens, being blinded by an
unseen power, fied in dismay in every direction.
Thus are the spiritual daughters of St. Clare employed at the
present day in checldng and warding off the dire attacks of the
spiritual enemies of men's souls, and thus do they in a special
35 (685)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
manner defend that city which S'ves them shelter and protect that
country where they abide.
FERDINAND, DUBOIS COUNTY.
The Convent of the Immaculate Conception at Ferdinand,
Dubois county. — The Sisters of Providence had charge of the
schools at Ferdinand until 1867, when the Benedictine Sisters
replaced them. The chapel of the latter was blessed by Father
Bede. July 11, 1870; January 21, 1871, their convent was blessed.
The Sisters had arrived at Ferdinand, August 20. 1867, and had
taken up their abode in the house previously occupied by the other
Sisters. Sister Benedicta was appointed superior until the com-
munity should be sufficiently numerous to hold a regular election.
The little dwelling of the Sisters consisted of but three rooms. In
the fall of 1867, however, an addition of two rooms, with a chapel,
was made, in which holy mass was celebrated, December 8, for
the first time. Several postulants soon petitioned for admittance.
The constitution for the government of the community was
drawn up by Right Rev. Martin Marty, and an order of the day
was written out. Rev. Father Chrysostome was the spiritual
director and founder of the community. At the first election, held
June I, 1872, according to the new constitution. Venerable Sister
Benedicta was chosen prioress. She was re-elected July 7, 1875.
Since 1878 Mother Agatha has successfully conducted the affairs
of the community. In 1872 the Sisters were able to buy sixty-
four acres of land adjoining the convent grounds. A neat frame
house was then erected and placed under the charge of two Sis-
ters. The community has prospered and has so increased that the
superiors have been enabled to establish branch houses at the fol-
lowing places: St. Meinrad, Ind., 1876; Rockport, Ind., 1877;
Standing Rock, Dak., 1878; St. Scholastica and St. Benedict,
Ark., 1878; Fulda, Ind., 1878; St. Anthony, Ind.. 1879; St. Henry,
1 88 1, and many others. The total number received in the con-
vent since it was founded, in 1867, to 1883, was sixty. Of these
five have been called to receive their reward; twenty-two are out
as missionaries, and the remaining thirty-three are employed at
home.
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1—1
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^^^^y^Bteiw.-
IN tHE STATE OF INDIANA.
In 1883 work was bej,'un on a new buildinj^, and in 1887 this
was completed at a cost of over $80,000. This stands on a slight
eminence overlooking the town, and occupies a ground space
i86x 160 feet, is rectangular in form, and the outer walls inclose
a chapel situated in the center of the grounds proper. The com-
munity now comprises ninety-one Sisters, who have charge of fif-
teen public and twenty-one parochial schools throughout the dio-
cese of Vincennes, and an academy for young ladies in direct con-
nection with the convent, and it is in contemplation to erect still
another academy at West Indianapolis. The present superioress
of the mother-house at Ferdinand is Venerable Mother M. Scho-
lastica, O. S. 11 The cost of the convent and its furnishings has
reached at least $100,000.
INDIANAPOLIS, MARION COUNTY.
As stated elsewhere, the church-building of the Sacred Heart
parish, Indianapolis, which was erected in the latter part of the
year 1875, was intended to be used exclusively, later on, as a
monastery. The large three-story building was so constructed
that, for the beginning, the third story only was in use of the relig-
ious community. After the building was blessed on the 25th of
December, 1875, the following formed the first community: Rev.
Alardus Andrescheck, superior; Revs. Francis Moenning, Vincent
Halbfas, Pancratius Schulte and Arsenius Fahle, and, as lay-
brothers, Adrain Wewer, Marianus Beile and Amandus Jung.
Rev. Alardus Andrescheck was born at BresJau, Germany,
May 29, 1839, joined the order of Franciscans, February 9, 1862,
and was ordained priest February 7, 1868. He was succeeded as
superior by the Rev. P. Ferdinand Bergmeyer, who was born at
Riesenbeck, October 30, 1825, has been in the order since June
25, 11852, and was ordained September 4, 1856. He came to
America in 1859 and had been laboring in the sacred ministry at
Quincy, Teutopolis, and especialy at St. Louis. In January, 1877,
he was superior of the monastery at Indianapolis and was assisted
by the Fathers. Victor Aertker, Raynerius Dickneite, Alexius Ber-
nard, Stanislaus Riemann, Richard van Heek, Rudolph Horst-
mann, Othmar Putthoff and Eustace Niemoeller. Among the lay-
"(589)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
brothers stationed at the monastery during this period, we find
Brother Damian Bueschgeus, Didacus Eigenscher, Leopold Breuer,
Marcus Schaefer, Isidore Tretelski, Galhis Stute, Hystus Till-
mann. In the year 1877, lay-brother Onesimus Steinmeyer died
March 28, and lay-brother Paschalis Kutsche, August 3.
During nine years the Rev. P. Ferdinand presided over the
parish and convent. In 1885 he was sent as superior to the old
Franciscan mission at Santa Barbara. It was in that place he
was insidiously murdered, February 27, 1896, by an insane person,
upon whom he had conferred many favors.
In 1885 Rev. P. Francis Haase succeeded Father Ferdinand
as superior and pastor. He was born at Kreiwitz, near Neustadt,
Silesia, October 4, 1852, entered the monastery December 15,
1870, came to America in 1875, and was ordained at St. Louis
July 25, 1877. Before receiving his call to Indianapolis, he labored
at Teutopolis as professor of St. Joseph's college. During his
administration, in the year 1890, the convent was remodeled and
an addition connecting convent and church was built. This addi-
tion contained a new sacristy, two parlors, an oratory and several
other apartments. During six years Father Francis was assisted
by Rev. P. Augustine Heuseler, who, by his able sermons and his
successful management of the Young Men's society and the society
of Christian Mothers, endeared himself to many hearts. During
this period we find the following Reverend Fathers and Brothers
at the monastery: Revs. Arsenius Fahle, Max Klein, Very Rev.
Maurice Klostermann, ex-provincial; Angelus Bill, Quirinus Stueck-
er, and Fulgentius Eich: Bros. Aguellus, Marian, Edmund and
Kilian.
The successor of Father Francis was the Rev. P. Bernardine
Weis. He was born at Meinersbach, Bavaria, October 14, 1856,
entered the order December 25, 1868, at Teutopolis, and was
ordained priest at St. Louis, December 27, 1874. Before his
appointment as superior at Indianapolis he labored at Teutopolis,
Ind., Joliet, Ills., and St. Louis, Mo., in which last-named place he
had been superior for four years and a half.
His assistant at Indianapolis was the Rev. P. Gerardus Becher,
O. F. M. Other P'^athers of the house t^ this time were Revs.
(590^^
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
Roger Middeiulorf. Laurence Pauly, Benedict Schmidt, Godfrey
Hollters and Alexis Bernard, who died suddenly July i, 1H94.
The follo\\ing lay brothers also deserve mention: Eberhard, Fri-
dolin, Eugene, Rigobert and Frederic.
In 1894 Rev. P. Bernardine received a call again to St. Louis
and Rev. P. Gerarduswas transferred to Santa Barbara, Gal. Their
places were filled by Rev. P. P'rancis Haase, superior, and P. Ber-
nard Wewer, as assistant. Towards the close of 1894 Father
Francis had the convent grounds enclosed with a substantial brick
wall.
In 1896 the convent building was evacuated by the congrega-
tion and the entire building left to the use of the Fathers. In 1897,
therefore, a new library and a number of rooms were arranged on
the second floor. Revs. Bonaventure Faulhaber, Simon Schwarz,
Desiderius von Frentz and Sebastian CebuUa were active at the
convent during this period, from 1894.
The following make up the community at present C 1898):
Rev. P. Francis Haase, superior; Very Rev. P. Michael
Richardt, ex-provincial; Rev. P. Zachary Ehlen; Rev. P. Bernard
Wewer. assistant of the parish; Rev. P. Matthew Schmitz, and
Bros. Isidore, Eusebius, Rigobert, Francis and Longinus.
In order to fully explain the labor of the Fathers outside of the
convent, we shall now give a brief history of the various missions
attended to by the Fathers of the monastery at Indianapolis.
In the year 1857 a small chapel was erected at Knightstown,
Henry county, by the few faithful residing here. Rev. P. Arsenius
Fable was the first Franciscan Father who took charge of this mis-
sion. He was followed by Rev. P. Victor Aertker, in 1879. His
first care was to erect two rooms adjoining the church, to be used
partly as his residence and partly as a sacristy. In 1881 Rev. P.
John Ryves took charge of this congregation and it has since been
attended by several secular priests. At present it is under the
pastorage of St. John's church of Indianapolis.
Forty years ago the Catholics of Greenfield, Hancock county,
were visited occasionally by missionary priests. At those times
mass was said in private houses. In i860 a frame building was
bought by Mgr. A. Bessonies, then stationed at St. John's church,
l69r)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
Indianapolis. This building, which had served as a school-house,
became now the place of worship for thirty years. The congrega-
tion at that time numbered about fifteen families. Mgr. Bessonies
said mass occasionally for two years. Up to 1876 there seems no
one had special charge of the church, it being visited off and on by
priests stationed at St. John's church. From 1862 till 1876 the
following Fathers attended to the spiritual wants of the faithful:
Rev. O'Riely, D. J. McMullen, H. Alerding and I). Donovan.
In 1876 the Franciscan Fathers took charge of this mission
and have ever since visited the place. The first of these fathers
was P. Arsenius Fahle; after him came P. Victor Aertker, and then
P. Alexius Bernard was pastor in 1880-82. He enlarged the
frame church, adding eighteen feet to it, so that the building was
then 22x58 feet. From 1882 Rev. P. Stanislaus went to Green-
field, and in 1885 he was followed by Rev. P. Rudolf. P. Angelus
Bill visited the place for a number of years, from 1887, bimonthly,
as it is done also now. P. Laurentius Pauly became pastor of
Greenfield in 1892; he worked very faithfully, procured many
church vestments, and also did much in getting a fair start
financially for the erection of a new church. He was succeeded
by Rev. Simon P. Schwarz, who attended the place for one year.
In 1896 P. Zachary Ehlen took charge of Greenfield. Under his
care the present brick church was built. It is of plain Gothic
style and cost $4,000; the steeple and sanctuary are not com-
pleted; the nave of the church is 34x60 feet, inside. Mass was
said in the new church for the first time February 28, 1898. It
was, however, not solemnly dedicated till May 15, of the same
year. The dedication ceremony was performed by P. Francis
Haase, O. F. M., the sermon being delivered by Very Rev. D.
O'Donaghue. The congregation numbers about forty families.
The Greenfield church is under the patronage of St. Michael.
Together with Greenfield, Fortville, Hancock county, was
given to the care of the Franciscan Fathers. The priest attending
Greenfield paid his visits also to Fortville. The congregation,
which consists of fifteen families, has divine service once a month.
The church is dedicated to St. Thomas.
(592)
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
In 1877 the Franciscan Fathers took charp;c of the church at
Acton, Marion county. Rev. P. Victor was the iirst to <^o there.
The congregation numbered al)out eighteen faniihes. They had a
small frame church, hardly suitable for divine worship. In i8.Sf
Rev. P. Ale.xius built a large brick church. Great were the sacri-
fices of the faithful. In 1883 the congregation numbered twenty-
four families. The successor of Rev. P. Alexius was Rev. P.
Rudolf, who was succeeded by Rev. P. Stanislaus. The congre-
gation remained under the pastorage of the Franciscan F'athers
until the year 1888, when it was made a mission for the pastor of
Shelby ville. Rev. J. A. Kaelin paid off all the remaining debts of the
church. I'rom that time Acton had service twice every month.
In 1 89 1 it was given to the Fathers of St. John's church at
Indianapolis.
In the neighborhood of Valley Mills, Marion county, there
lived about ten families for whom the way to Indianapolis was too
far. In 1877 the Franciscan Fathers were requested to visit this
place at least once a month. Services were held in the dwelling
of John Kervin. In 1882 the Franciscan Fathers built a little
frame church near Kervin's residence. It measures 24x40 feet,
and has St. John the Evangelist, as its patron. The pastor, Rev.
P. Matthew, who at present has charge of this place, directs Sun-
day services but four times a year; but throughout the year it is
visited every month on a week day. In the course of time, the
Revs. P. Raynerius, Ferdinand, Francis, Quirinus, F'ulgentius,
Roger and Zachary attended this place.
The congregation at Franklin, Johnson county, was placed in
the hands of the Franciscan Fathers in 1878. Rev. P. \'ictor
Aertker was the first Franciscan who ^•isited this place. The
small frame church had been purchased for the use of the Catho-
lics by Rev. P. McMullen. Formerly this church had served the
purpose of a meeting-house for Protestants. Rev. P. Victor
annexed a small room, for the priest's use, to. the church. The
successor of Rev. P. Victor was Rev. P. Stanislaus, who remained
until 1 88 1. Later on. Revs. P. Alexius, Maximilian and Quirinus
visited Franklin. From 1892 till 1895, Rev. P. Roger had charge
(593)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
of this congregation, when the right reverend bishop gave the
charge of it to Rev. P. WilHam Liesen, a secular priest. In 1897
the Capuchin Fathers settled in Franklin and have since been the
pastors of the congregation.
The Catholic congregation of Brightwood, Marion county, a
suburb of Indianapolis, was established by the Right Rev. Francis
Silas Chatard in 1887. On the 3d of July of the same year the
church was dedicated. The church had been erected many years
before, but had served as a meeting-house for Methodists. It,
together with the adjoining grounds, had been purchased for the
sum of $3,000. It received St. Francis of Sales as patron. Rev.
P. Curran was the first pastor of this church. In November, 1883,
the Franciscan Fathers obtained the pastorage of Brightwood.
Rev. P. Rudolph Horstmann was the first who was sent there and
was succeeded by Rev. Stanislaus, August, 1885, and he by Rev.
P. Maximilian Klein, who remained until 1888. The last men-
tioned had the interior of the church renovated. His successor.
Rev. P. Quirinus, paid off the remaining debt. In 1892 Rev. P.
Pulgentius visited the congregation until July, when Rev. P. Roger
succeeded him. Under his pastorage the roof, the foundation and
the windows of the church were repaired and a new way of the
Cross and new vestments were purchased. He also established
the following societies: St. Agnes' sodality for young ladies, and
a branch of the Knights of St. John with a membership of
twenty-eight men. For the societies he also built a club-room,
attached to the priest's house. He was succeeded in 1896 by
Rev. P. Simon Schwarz. In 1897 Rev. P. Matthew Schmitz was
commissioned to go thither. He procured many valuable vessels
for divine worship. At present the congregation comprises about
eighty families, twenty-five of whom are German. Service is held
now every Sunday.
In the year 1870 a small church at Martinsville, Morgan
county, was purchased by the Rev. P. Gillig for the use of the few
Catholics residing here. It also had served pieviously the purpose
of a meeting-house for Protestants. Rev. P. Arsenius was the
first Franciscan P^ather who took charge of this congregation,
(594)
IN THE STATE OI' INDIANA,
which at the time numbered about twenty families. He procured
a bell for the church, and also purchased some necessary articles
for divine worship. His successor, Rev. P. Victor, visited this
congre^^ation regularly every third Sunday of the month. He was
succeeded by Rev. P. Stanislaus Riemann. In 1887 Rev. P.
Angelus became pastor of this congregation. His first aim and
endeavois were to erect a new church. In 1890 the old church
was torn down and a new one in Gothic style was erected on the
same grounds. The material of the old church was used in the
new building, so that the new church cost only $4,000. The same
P^ather also annexed a room for the use of the priest to this church
in 1892. The congregation did not increase much in number of
families.
Rev. P. Laurentius, who succeeded Rev. P. Angelus at
Martinsville in 1893, tried very hard to diminish the debt restmg
upon the new church. In 1895 the debt still amounted to $900.
In the same year Rev. P. Laurentius was transferred to Cleveland,
Ohio, and Rev. P. Simon was appointed as his successor at Martins-
ville. In 1897 Rev. P. Matthew had charge of this congregation,
and in the year 1898 Rev. P. Zacharias was appointed pastor of
the Martinsville parish, numbering now about thirty families. The
congregation has yet a debt of $700.
Besides these missions, the Rev. Franciscan Fathers at times
also visited the Catholics at Danville, Hendricks county, where
there are about four Catholic families. They, however, have no
church. Likewise Augusta, Marion county, was visited by the
Fathers several times, where also are a few Catholic families, but
they have no church. In 1888 Rev. P. Angelus Bill attended to the
wants of the Catholics at Mullen settlement, Hamilton county,
once every month. There is a congregation of twenty families
who have erected a small church. Since 1891 this church has
been in charge of a priest of Tipton.
The history of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, at Indianapolis, will
be found in connection with the church history on page 305, this
volume.
(595)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
OLDENBURG, FRANKLIN COUNTY.
The Convent of the Franciscan Fathers at Oldenburg- came
into being under its present name August 7, 1866, when the
Franciscan Fathers of the Cincinnati province of St. John the Bap-
tist assumed charge of what had hitherto been known as the parish
of the Holy Family- When the Rev. P. Rudolpf, pastor of this
parish, died on the 29th day of May, 1866, the parish was attended
to by Rev. J. W. Doyle until the coming of the Franciscan
Fathers at the date mentioned above, and these have remained
here ever since. In 1868 a class of clerics belonging to the same
province took up their residence here, in order to pursue their
studies in preparation for the holy priesthood, and from that time
until the present, with the exception of two or three years, this
convent has served as the home of the novitiate, or the house of
study, for the younger members of the Franciscan order. The
number of these continued to increase, and the stone building which
they occupied became inadequate for their accommodation. There-
fore, in 1894, the present beautiful brick edifice was erected and
was dedicated ky the flight Rev. Bishop Chatard December 10,
1895. This building is used e.xclusively as a theological institute
for the clerics of the Franciscan order, and is now occupied by
five priests, twenty-four clerics and four lay brothers, the
Rev. David Kersting, O. F. M., being the guardian.
The Convent of the Sisters of St. Francis, at Oldenburg,
Franklin county, Ind., was established, in 1850, by Rev. F. J.
Rudolf, who was appointed pastor of the parish at Oldenburg in
1842. When he arrived here, he found a log church which was
not finished; he at once formed a plan for a new church, as he did
not wish to spend what money he had on this old building, since it
would not have answered the purpose after its completion. Beside
the parish at Oldenburg, Rev. F. |. Rudolf was to attend a number
of small stations where congregations were being organized, such
consisting of about fifteen or twenty families. At these stations
there were little log churches, but no schools. To obtain com-
petent teachers for his parish, as well as for these stations, Rev.
(596)
CHURCH OF THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION,
OLDENBURG, IND.
CHURCH OF THE HOLY FAMILY,
OLDENBURG, IND.
IN THE STATE OI' INDIANA.
F. J. Rudolf at once conceived the idea of establishing an institu-
tion for the training of teachers, who could teach both Cerman
and English; he immediately applied for permission to establish
such an institution, which permission was readily granted, and he
at once secured the aid of the Sisters of St. Francis in carrying
forward the project. The Sisters set to work with an energy and
a will worthy of their saintly founder. In a comparatively short
time a convent was erected at Oldenburg and schools were opened
at all these stations; an academy also was opened at the same time
at Oldenburg, where the mother house was established. Little
did Father Rudolf think that the institution which he founded
under such trying circumstances would ever grow to do the work
in which it is at present engaged. The community now numbers
400 members, most of whom are engaged in teaching; they conduct
six academies, fifty nine parochial schools, and one school for
colored children. Beside the mother-house at Oldenburg, the com-
munity possesses nine branch houses in different states. The
mother-house consists of the convent proper, the novitiate, the
infirmary and the academy. The grounds comprise 400 acres, and
the church, which was built at a "cost of $80,000, is one of the
finest structures in the state. Plans are now nearly complete for
the building of a new convent. The foundation is to be laid this
fall (1898) and it will be a very imposing and substantial building,
when finished, and this will be when the community shall celebrate
its golden jubilee, in 1900.
TIFTOX, TIPTON COUNTY.
St. Joseph's Convent, at Tipton, became a permanent institu-
tion of the city in 1891, when the main part of the stately edifice
was erected on Mill street, although the Sisters of St. Joseph had
been teaching here since 1888. The present building is of grand
proportions, occupying a ground space of 60x100 feet, is three
stories high, has accommodations for lOO pupils, cost about $20,-
000, and was completed in 1894. Even this commodious estab-
lishment has become too confined in space for the growing demands
on the Sisters, who have achieved a distinguished reputation as
instructors, hence they have purchased a tract of land a mile north
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
of the city, with the contemplation of erecting a still more ele-
gant and commodious convent in the near future, away from the
noise and distraction of city life. [ The students from abroad are
allowed to have rooms and board in the convent. There are at
present thirty Sisters attached to the convent, who have branches
at Elwood, Kokomo and Logansport.
(602)
ims^^si.
Q
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b
IN THK STATK Ol INDIANA.
CHAPTER WIT.
CATHOLIC CHARITIES— HOSPITALS, ORPHANAGES AND OTHKK ELEE-
MOSYNARY INSTITUTIONS IN THE STATE.
T
HIS brief chapter contains a succinct history of the grander
charitable institutions maintained by the Cathohc church in
Indiana, and surely they constitute in themselves a monument to
its liberality and deep-seated sympathy for the unfortunate mem-
bers of the church itself, as well as for the distressed of all creeds.
ANDERSON. MADISON COUNTY.
St. John's Hospital, under the auspices of St. Mary's church,
was founded in 1894, the ground being donated by John Hickey,
a native of county Wicklow. Ireland, but. since 1853, a resident
of Anderson. The deed bears date March 31. and the conveyance
was made to the trustees of the church for the use of the Sisters
of the Holy Cross. The building is of brick, is two stories high,
and occupies a ground space of 95 x 65 feet. It contains seven-
teen finely-equipped rooms and two general wards, and since its
completion the hospital has been under the supervision of Sister
Victoria of the Holy Cross, of South Bend, and of Sister Sylves-
ter The immense amount of good work done by these Sisters is
incalculable, and no words of commendation are adequate to
express the gratitude due them.
EORT WAYNE. ALLEN COUNTY.
St Joseph's Hospital, Fort Wayne, Ind.. was opened May 9.
1869 In the year 1868. eight venerable sisters. Poor Handmaids
of Jesus Christ, came from Europe from the mother-house. Dern-
bach Nassau, where this congregation was founded in 1850 by
Miss Catherine Kasper, in the diocese of Limburg. The first mem-
"T605)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
bers made their religious profession August 15, 185 i. The found-
ress' rehgious name was Yen. Sister Mary, mother-general of the
Poor Handmaids of Jesus Christ, whose death occurred February
2, 1898.
In 1866, in behalf of Right Rev. J. H. Bishop Luers, Rev.
Edward Koenig, now deceased, wrote to his friend, the Vicar-
General Spaller, of the diocese of Paderborn, to interest himself
to establish a hospital in the prosperous little city of Fort Wayne.
The effort was successful.
In 1869 the Poor Handmaids of Jesus Christ opened the
so-called Rockhill Place as a hospital. With this hospital is con-
nected the convent of the Poor Handmaids of Jesus Christ, which
is at the same time the mother-house of said congregation for the
United States of America.
Sister Mary Rosa was the superioress of the first little band.
She returned to Europe in 1872. The other sisters were: Ven.
Sister Mary Hyacintha, present mother-provincial; Ven. Sister
Mary Eudoxia, present novice-mistress; Sisters Facunda, Henrica,
Bella. Matrona and Corona. They first settled for a short time
at Hesse Cassel, eight miles from Fort Wayne, from which place
three Sisters went to Chicago to take charge of the orphan asylum
at Rose Hill, of which the Sisters still retain the management.
In May, 1869, the hospital was opened, and the number of Sisters
was increased from Europe by seven.
The houses of America are in the states of Indiana, Illinois,
Minnesota and Wisconsin. The Sisters of this community have
charge of parochial schools, hospitals, orphanages and homes for
the aged. The rules for the members of the community were
approved by the Holy See in 1870, namely, by the deceased Pope
Pius IX, and confirmed by Pope Leo XIII, in 1890.
The mother-house of Fort Wayne proved itself too small to
accommodate the wants of the congregation, therefore the beau-
tiful convent and chapel was built in 1848 at a cost of $33,000.
The Ven. Sister Mary Prudentia, now deceased, was at that time
mother-provincial.
In 1892 the south wing, 130x30 feet, was built, \'en. Sister
Mary Secunda being then provincial superioress. The building
(H06)
IN Till': STATE OF INDIANA.
has now accoinuiodations for iiiorc tliaii i 50 beds. In 1 896 the
old hospital, which was built in 1847, and had served for a hotel
until 1869, was remodeled, and a fourth story added, with a splen-
did operating-room, with the latest equipments.
The hospital now has two very spacious operating-rooms — one
on the first floor, south wing, the other on the fourth floor, on Main
street. The average number of patients at the hospital during the
year is between 400 and 500. The hospital is open to all, rich or
poor; and it matters not to what creed they may belong. The
present chaplain and spiritual director is Rev. Jos. Thomas Eisen-
ring.
St. Vincent's Orphanage. — This magnificent building is a
noble monument to the charitable zeal of its founder, the late Rt.
Rev. Joseph Dwenger, D. D. , bishop of the diocese of Fort
Wayne.
This orphanage was erected during 1886 and 1887, at a total
cost of about $75,000, and is a four-story brick structure, covering
126x100 feet, and has twenty acres of ground attached. The
building has accommodations for over 400 inmates and is supplied
with water, gas, steam-heating apparatus and fire protectors.
Two rooms are devoted to the educational needs of the children,
and at present there are in the institution 130 children of school
age, and over thirty who are too young to be placed under the
restraint of school-room discipline.
The orphanage is under the control of the Sisters, Poor Hand-
maids of Christ. At present two of these Sisters are engaged in
the school while eight others are occupied with the domestic affairs
of the institution. The average annual outlay for the support of
this asylum is about $6,000, which amount is derived from the
diocesan Christmas collection. The average annual expense per
child educated, boarded and clothed, is about $50. Children
intrusted to this institution are kept until a suitable home can be
provided for them, or until they are able to earn their own liveli-
hood. The present value of the ground in connection with St.
Vincent's Orphan asylum is about $25,000, and the value of the
(607;
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
building, with its appurtenances, is about $100,000. Rev. B. T.
Borg is at present the chaplain of the institution.
Rev. B. Theo. Borg is a son of Gerhard and Mary Borg, the for-
mer of whom was a farmer, and both of whom are now deceased.
Rev. BorgwasbornMarch I, 1836, in Hanover, Germany, and came
to the United States in May, 1857, attended St. Vincent school, near
Pittsburg, Pa., and studied, also, at St. Mary's seminary, at Balti-
more, beginning the study of theology in i860. He was ordained,
in 1868, under Bishop Spalding of Baltimore, and said his first
mass June 13. 1868. He was first located for two years in Penn-
sylvania; was then placed in charge of St. Joseph's, at Dyer, Lake
county, Ind., and then came to Fort Wayne as assistant to the
bishop, and retained this position three years; he was next appointed
assistant priest at St. Mary's church; then went to Avilla, Noble
county, Ind., where he remained for eight years, doing effective
work and was next selected for his present position in September,
1887. Father Borg has achieved considerable celebrity as an
educator and is most zealous and faithful in the discharge of his
onerous duties.
INDIANAPOLIS, MARION COUNTY.
St. 'Vincent's Infirmary was opened in Indianapolis, April 27,
1 88 1, by four Sisters of Charity from Emmitsburg, Md., with Sis-
ter Theresa O'Connor as first superioress. The house first used
was the old St. Joseph's seminary at Vermont and Liberty streets.
The present building, at South and Delaware streets, was erected
in 1887 at a cost of $108. coo. It is is a large, handsome structure,
well lighted, heated by steam, and modern in all its appointments.
It has thirty-eight private rooms and eight large wards, providing
an air space of 1,500 cubic feet for each patient, will easily accom-
modate I 50 persons, and is considered by competent judges an ideal
hospital; the ventilation is a special feature and is second to none
in the country. In the sixteen years of its existence there have
been cared for 5,864 sick or injured; of these 2,762 were paid for,
full price; 1,185 were under price or paid for in part, while 1,917
were cared for entirely free of all charge, averaging a little over
(608)
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
one month for each free patient. There is a training school for
nurses in connection with the hospital.
LAI-AVETli;, rilM'KCANOE COUNTY.
St. Joseph's Orphan Asylum. ^ — In 1866 the Right Rev. J. H.
Luers, bishop of Fort Wayne, purchased 1,100 acres of land near
Rensselaer, in Jasper county, and built an orphan asylum for boys
and girls. When, a few years later, the Rev. George A. Hamil-
ton, pastor of St. Mary's church, LaFayette, died, he bequeathed
in his will about $10,000, in real estate and money, for the pur-
pose of establishing a manual labor school in the vicinity of LaFay-
ette for orphan boys. The property included about 580 acres,
situated at Davis Ferry, between LaFayette and Battle Ground.
The Davis tracts were devised to Rev. Hamilton by the will of
William B. Davis, who, in consequence of his Indian extraction,
was known as " Indian Bill." The project was further encouraged
by Messrs. Owen Ball and J. B. Falley, who donated fifty-one
acres of land south of LaFayette, and on the latter tract Right Rev.
Bishop Dwenger, in 1875, began to build.
The asylum building is situated over Fourth street hill, just
across Durgee's run, on a commanding eminence reached by a
gracefully winding road. It is built of brick with stone trimmings,
and is one of the most imposing of the many educational buildings
throughout the country. It covers 121 feet of ground in length
and 113 in breadth, and is four stories high, with a deep basement
under every part of the house. It is surmounted by a tower
seventy-five feet high, from the top of which a fine view of the
surrounding country and part of the city streets greets the vision.
The cost of the building was $33,000.
The formal openmg of the asylum took place in .April, 1876,
the occasion being observed by appropriate ceremonies. The first
step thereafter was to part the boys from the girls at Rensselaer
and bring them here. Thus the school opened with thirty-one
boys, presided over by Rev. B. Hartmann and seven Sisters, who
did the work about the house.
After the formal opening of the asylum the Brothers and Sis-
ters of the Holy Cross from Notre Dame. Ind.. took charge of the
3^ ~(609)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
educational and domestic departments. When the latter were
recalled in 1894, the Sisters of St. Francis, from the mother-house
in LaFayette took charge. There are two school rooms, one a
kindergarten, and the other for the more advanced pupils. They
are taught all the branches of a good education, after which they
pass to the manual labor department in the house or on the farm.
The spacious dormitories are located in the third and fourth
stories. The whole building is thoroughly warmed in winter by
steam. The kitchen contains a large range and all necessary
appliances for the successful exercise of the culinary art. The
dairy is kept replenished by a number of fine cows, the pick of
those kept at the farm near Davis Ferry.
The institution is governed by a board of directors, of which
the right reverend bishop of the diocese is president. The number
of children in the asylum in 1898 was 150. There are no other
funds available for the support of the orphans but what are
derived from the cultivation of the farm and from the annual collec-
tion in the churches throughout the diocese. After 1880, the Rev.
John H. Guendling was the director of the asylum, until
appointed vicar-general of the diocese, July 20, 1898, and of
this reverend gentleman more may be read in his personal sketch
in Vol. II.
He was succeeded at St. Joseph's Orphan asylum, at LaFay-
ette, by his brother. Rev. Charles B. Guendling, late secretary and
chancellor of Bishop Rademacher. Announcing his appointment
to the directorship of that institution, the Fort Wayne Journal
remarked:
No clergyman of any church has left a Fort Wayne pastorate with deeper
regrets on the ])art of parishioners and friends than the Rev. Charles B. Guend-
ling, who will preach his farewell sermon at high mass this morning. Father
Guendling will be missed by many of all creeds, for he has impressed himself as a
faithful minister of God and at the same time as a genial, courteous and cultured
gentleman. Father Guendling is a younger brother of the vicar-general. He was
born in Peru in 1868, and early in life determined to follow in the footsteps of his
brothers. Completing the course prescribed in the parochical s hools of his native
town, he entered St. Francis seminary, Milwaukee, in 1882, and after finishing the
classical course, went to Rome to study theology. He was ordained in 1892, by
Cardinal Parocchi, in the church of St. John Lateran, Rome, and in July of that
year came to Fort Wayne. He has been stationed at the cathedral since that date.
(pToT
IN THE STATE OI" INDIANA.
i'atlier Gia-ndliiiL; enjoys tlu' rc|)iil;itii)ii 1)1 hciiiu (inc ol the liiicst pulpit s|)<.'ak(TS
in the city, C()nil)ininjjj with a natural gill ol ciixiuriH (.• a mind deeply versed in
sacred and profane learning. Personally affal)lc, kindly, generous of heart, and
]-)OSsessing a fund of humor inexhaustible, feather Guendling won for himself a
place in the hearts of all who knew him. His departure is regretted, but the best
wishes of all will follow him to his new hi-ld of labor. Father (iuendling possesses
business abilities of a high order, and his services in the resptjnsible position
assigned him, as head of a great institution, will prove valuable.
St. Elizabeth Hospital. — Six Sisters of the order of St. Fran-
cis left their native country and convent home at Olpe, Westphalia^
and arrived in the United States on December 12, 1875. Of
these, Sister Clara, superioress, Sister Bonaventure and Sister
Agatha have gone to their eternal reward. Of the surviving Sis-
ters, Mother Alphonsa is at present provincial superioress for the
United States, Sister Augustina is superioress at Grand Island,
Nebr. , and Sister Rose directress of St. Boniface school in LaFay-
ette, Ind.. where they settled upon the invitation of the late Rt..
Rev. Bishop Dwenger, of Fort Wayne, soon after their arrival.
Unknown and without means they began their work of charity,,
and for this purpose rented an unoccupied building in the neighbor-
hood of St. Boniface's church, which served them for a dwelling
and hospital until October, 1876. The first helping hand was ex-
tended to them by the late Albert Wagner, who donated to them
two vacant lots on Hartford and Fourteenth streets. On these
was erected the first of the present block of buildings in 1876.
The efforts of the Sisters on behalf of the sick and unfortunate
were soon appreciated, and in the course of time accommodations
were added to the hospital proper and to the Sisters' dwelling as
necessity demanded and as the means were obtained. The east
wing was built in 1880, the west wing, together with the chapel,
in 1883. But still there was want of room, so that a new hospital
became, in the course of time, an absolute necessity, and, relying
on the assistance of benefactors, the Sisters resolved to build.
In February, 1896, the contract was let and work progressed
without interruption or accident until the building was complete in
all its details. The new hospital fronts on Fourteenth street and
connects with the buildings on Hartford street. It is 150 feet long
and forty-six wide, with verandas on the east side to every story.
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
Three stories of brick with turret surmounting the center gable rise
over a high basement of freestone. Terra cotta and sand stone
trimmings are notable features in the ornamentation of the front,
which terminates at either end in a semi-sexagon. The interior is
arranged more with a view to comfort than elegance, yet it presents
a most pleasing appearance. From basement to attic the building
is divided in the center by broad corridors running the entire length
from north to south. On either side of the corridors are arranged
wards and private rooms for the sick. The kitchen occupies the
north end of the basement, and serving rooms are arranged on each
l^oor. The operating room, with tiled floor, marble wash-stands,
etc., on the southwest corner of the second floor, is large and well
equipped for its purpose. The hospital has all the latest improve-
ments, such as electric bells, speaking tubes, dumb-waiters, steam
heating, etc., and is complete and modern throughout. An ele-
vator, operated by a water motor, makes access to each floor easy.
The plans were drawn by Bro. Adrian, of the Franciscan order.
St. Louis, Mo. The hospital was dedicated on January 6, 1897,
by the Rt. Rev. Joseph Rademacher, bishop of Fort Wayne.
The new hospital became an absolute necessity on account of
the great number of patients applying for admission. With the
growth of LaFayette applications of destitute sick persons became
very numerous; for it must be borne in mind that the Sisters,
desirous of doing "the greatest good to the greatest number,"
receive patients without distinction as to creed, nationality, race
or sex, and without regard to the ability of paying fees. The same
is true when the Sisters are called to nurse patients at their homes;
they exact no remuneration, but of course expect to meet with the
regard due to their character as ladies and religious workers.
They eschew controversies on religious topics, but reply to candid
inquiries, and do not hesitate to advise Catholics to attend to their
spiritual duties in case of dangerous illness. When patients are
not Catholics the Sisters ask if they wish to see their own clergy-
man, and send for him when requested. Attempts at proselytism
are not countenanced.
The convent of St. Francis, connected with St. Elizabeth's
hospital, and occupying the older buildings fronting on Hartford
(612)
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
street, is the mother-house of the Sisters of this coiiiiiniiiity in the
United States, aiul the jilace of the novitiate or training school.
From six members in 1875, the cominimity has ^rown to
about 400, who have charge of hospitals and schools, outside of
LaFayette, viz: In Cleveland, O. ; Terre Haute, Ind. ; Logansport,
Ind. ; Memphis, Tenn. ; Emporia, Kan.; Omaha, Neb.; Columbus,
Neb.; Humphrey, Neb.; Denver and Colorado Springs, Colo.
Four classes of St. Boniface's school, LaFayette, were most suc-
cessfully conducted by the Sisters from soon after their arrival
here. They also give lessons in music, fancy and plain needle
work, etc., in their modest, but comfortable dwelling, on the corner
of Tenth and Ferry streets.
The new hospital, with furniture, etc., represents a cost of
over $50,000. With alms collected from door to door, the Sisters
undertook its construction. There was a generous response from
the citizens of LaFayette when the sisters called on them, and
private rooms were furnished by a number of them. At a fair
held for the benefit of the hospital in February, 1897, societies,
business men and citizens generally without distinction of creed
co-operated liberally, so that the sum of $3,300 was realized; yet
there remains to be paid the greater part of the debt incurred by
the building of the hospital, and the Sisters are confident that they
will not be left to struggle alone with the burden assumed in its
erection.
St. Anthony's Home for Aged Poor. — After considering the
project of establishing a home for the aged poor in LaFayette for
some time, the Sisters of St. Francis, in charge of St. Elizabeth's
hospital in that city, purchased, in the fall of 1897, an eligible site
with a house and the necessary out-buildings, together with about
twenty acres of land in a retired part of the city. There is no
place in the vicinity of LaFayette better suited for such an institu-
tion. A large and beautiful grove adjoins the property, the sur-
rounding are healthy, and the home will be removed from the din
and bustle of the city, making a quiet place for aged people to
spend their declining years. All old people now inmates of St.
Elizabeth's hospital, will be removed to the new home when it is
(ul3)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
ready for occupancy, and all who hereafter apply to the hospital
to be cared for during life, will be sent to the new institution,
which will be known as St. Anthony's home.
LOGANSPORT, CASS COUNTY.
St. Joseph's Hospital at Logansport was established in 1893
by the Sisters of St. Francis, of Lafayette, of the Third order
of St. Francis of the Prepetual Adoration. St, Joseph's hospital,
pital, like all other Catholic institutions of like character, extends
its care and treatment to all people desiring its aid, irrespec-
tive of race, nationality, sex or religion, and is pleasantly situ-
ated on the south bank of the Wabash river, within easy access of
the city, its lands comprising ten acres.
The hospital was opened to its first patient October 3, 1893,
and from that time on it continued in its good work and became
so popular with the general public that in 1896 it became necessary
to increase its accommodations and an additional wing was joined
to the original building, so that it now has ample capacity for the
treatment of twenty-five patients. The institution is in charge of
eight Sisters of St. Francis, who are employed as nurses and in
attending to the other duties that devolve upon attaches of institu-
tions of this nature, and at the head of these is Sister Mahala
Adriana, who has been indefatigable in the discharge of her chari-
table duties since the opening of the hospital. St. Joseph's has,
indeed, proved a blessing to the citizens of Logansport, as well as
to the journeying stranger or the sojourner, to whom any accident
may befall, or who may be seized with illness while away from
home and friends, as its doors are open to all.
TERRK HAUTE, VICO COUNTY.
St. Ann's Providence Orphan Asylum, Terre Haute, begun by
Bishop Bazin, at Vincennes, in 1848, and fostered by the Sisters
of Providence, was removed to Terre Haute in 1876. It took its
present name after its removal. It is for girls only, of whom there
are ninety at present in the institution. Twelve Sisters of Provi-
dence have charge of the asylum, and its excellent management is
most creditable to them. The building is spacious and is conve-
IN THK STAT1-: OI' INDIANA.
niently located, in that it is removed from the busy center of the
city. It is worth $40,000. Kev. John Kyves, the pastor of St.
Ann's church, i.s also chaplain of the asylum.
VINCENNKS, KNO.X COUXTV.
St. Vincent's Orphana;?^e.— The asylum for Catholic orphan
boys, at Vincennes, known as St. Vincent's, was opened in April,
185 I, in the college building, but some years later was removed by
Bishop de St. Palais to the rural site it now occupies at Highland,
three miles from the crowded city, the property having been pur-
chased by the late Bishop Hailandiere. The institution is under
the charge of twelve Sisters of Providence, with Sister M. Theo-
dore as superior, and the number of orphan inmates is about i 13.
Rev. George Steigerwald is the chaplain, and the little unfortunates
are made as happy under the tender care of the kind Sisters as if
they had never been deprived of their natural guardians.
\';15)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
CHAPTER XVII.
CATHOLIC SODALITIES AND FRATERNAL ORGANIZATIONS ANCIENT
ORDER OF HIBERNIANS CATHOLIC KNIGHTS OF AMERICA
AMERICAN SONS OF COLUMBUS — CATHOLIC BENEVOLENT
LEGION — YOUNG MEN'S INSTITUTE.
THE ties of brotherhood, in the sense of the word which embraces
the whole human race, are well known to be remarkably
strong with the laity, as well as the clergy, of the Catholic church,
and from this fraternal feeling have sprung some of the noblest
institutions designed to unite men together for common benefits,
for aid and for protection, that exist anywhere in the world, and in
the histories of the sodalities and orders given below will be found
a record of the peculiar objects for which the societies named have
been organized.
THE ANCIENT ORDER OF HIBERNIANS.
The origin and early history of this organization, in Ireland,
is vague and uncertain, and, for the most part, traditional. The
first that is authentically known of the order is of its existence and
labors during the persecutions of the Catholics under the penal
laws, though a tradition places its origin in the eleventh century,
when it was founded by Harmonia, a son of Prince Tours, of the
county of Fermanagh. He was the counselor of his father, and
whenever any dissensions arose between the higher and lower
classes he always took the side of the peasantry as against the
aristocracy, and success always attended his efforts. At length his
father banished him, and he repaired to the borders of Cavan and
Meath, where he established himself and created the order, the
member.s calling themselves Knights of St. Patrick and Knights of
the Shamrock Plume, in honor of the plume which Harmonia on
I\ Till-: STATE OF INDIANA.
all occasions wore in his cap. The Hibernian motto, iMiendship,
Unity and Christian Charity, was as applicable in those primitive
days as at present, for it is said of them that their mission was to
right the wrongs of the people and do good for all. During the
life of Harmonia, he seems to have been the sole leader, for after
his death it is said that each county had a branch of its own. but
all were united in a national organization under the leadership <jf
a priest named Father Godfrey.
Many conflicting stories of its origin exist, one being that the
order was instituted by two women after the siege of Limerick, but
this is undoubtedly wrong, as evidence of its existence during the
reign of Elizabeth was not wanting, as many deeds of their charity
and valor during those troublous times have been handed down in
song and story. The lack of written evidence concerning the order
can be attributed to two causes: The opposition of the govern-
ment, which always opposed every organization of the Irish Cath-
olics, and the enforced illiteracy of the people under the barbarous
penal code which made it a felony for an Irish Catholic either to
give or receive an education. Parents were not allowed to instruct
their own children nor even send them to another cour.try to be
instructed.
Under this same inhuman system the national language was
forbidden and our holy faith was assaulted in every conceivable
way. Its death was savagely determined upon. The celebration
of the mass was made treason; the celebrant an outlaw; the par-
ticipants felons. Those were the days when to be a Hibernian
was to be ready at any time to become a martyr to the cause of
church and country. The leaders at this time were Roger O'Brien
and Redmond O'Conner, the latter of whom organized a branch of
the order in the very heart of London, within a mile of Hampton
court. In those times of hatred, bigotry and oppression, when the
holy sacrifice of the mass had to be offered on some wild, lonely
mountain, or in some secluded glen or dark cavern, away from the
haunts of men, it was the oath-bound members of this organization
who were placed on guard to protect the noble priest, who. at the
risk of his life, officiated at the divine service and administered the
sacraments to the faithful. The sign of the order was passed from
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
hilltop to hilltop, as a signal of danger, at the approach of the red-
coats, thus constituting themselves the protectors and defenders of
the church and the promoters of her welfare. These being their
principles, it is incredible that the}' could have degenerated, as some
suppose, into the Ribbon-men, White-boys, Rapparrees, or other
lawless organizations denounced by the church, and whose objects
seem to have been only to gain temporary advantages or wreak
vengeance. These societies, too, though they existed throughout
Ireland, seemed to have no national organization or fixed principles,
as the Knights of St. Patrick, the progenitors of the Hibernians,
had. Each locality seemed to have had a different object, and each
individual leader a miotive of his own. In some localities political
ideas were the foundation principles; in others, affairs of a social
or personal nature were the only things considered, while yet in
others defense against wrong or protection of the weak were the
noble objects, while in the north of Ireland acts of violence against
the hated Orangemen were often the fruits of the organization. In
Leinster these organizations took the form of trades unions and
interfered with the free employment of labor. It was an offshoot
of this last that was transplanted and took root m Pennsylvania
during the middle of this century and was known as the Mollie
Maguires. It was said at the time of their hateful existence that
they were Hibernians, but that noble order disclaimed any connec-
tion with them whatever. In 1838 the Hibernians of Liverpool.
England, were asked to join the Ribbon-men under the leadership
of Richard Jones, for the freedom of Ireland. This would indicate
that the two societies were entirely distinct from each other. It
may be true, and doubtless is, that many members of the Ancient
Order of Hibernians also belonged to the Ribbon-men, but that
they were the same organization, or that their purposes were
identical, was not a fact.
The Ancient Order of Hibernians was first organized in the
United States at Philadelphia, by Matthew Carey, in 1793. There
had been a yellow-fever epidemic in that city, and Carey was a
member of the board of health, and in order to assist in the most
effective manner in caring for the sick, he organized the Hibernian
society, and its members at once entered into the work of charity
WW
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
and relief. Tliis again demonstrates the purposes for which the
fraternity was originally founded. During all the dark hours of
that fever-stricken City of Brotherly Love, the faithful members
of this benevolent association administered to the physical and
financial needs of all sufferers, no matter what their race or creed.
Their noble exan)ple was followed by the " Friendly Sons of St.
Patrick," whose members, unlike the Hibernians, were not neces-
sarily Catholics.
The Ancient Order of Hibernians grew rapidly in Philadel-
phia and spread to surrounding cities, and it was not long before
its power for good was felt and appreciated by both church and
members. It was soon organized m the cities of New York and
Boston. At first they had no supreme officers, but were merely a
loose confederation of local branches. In 1836 it was more thor-
oughly established in New York and its propagation there made
such strides that for many years the headquarters were in that
city, and the constitution was so framed that all the national meet-
ings were held there. The New York members were accused of
using the order to subserve political ends, and in 1877, at the last
national convention held in that city, it was voted that the next
convention should be held in Boston in 1878. This had a purify-
ing effect, and the society has ever since been rapidly advancing.
Cincinnati secured the convention in 1879, and Hibernianism
received a new impetus in the west. Philadelphia, the city of its
birth in America, received the convention in 1880, St. Louis in
1881 and Chicago in 1882, two western cities in succession, show-
ing the great good of national organization in this part of the coun-
try. It was now decided to hold the conventions biennially, and
the next one was held in Cleveland in 1884. St. Paul secured the
convention in 1886, Louisville in 1888. and in 1890 the east again
captured it and took it to Hartford, Conn., where it again slipped
away and went to New Orleans in 1892. In 1894 it reached its most
westerly point at Omaha. Here the immensity of the order was
irresistably felt, and National Delegate Wilhere, the supreme offi-
cer of the order, addressed the assemblage in these words: " This
magnificent convention is composed of the largest number of rep-
resentative men of our race and creed that have ever come
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
together on a like occasion in America; and meeting as we do after
a long period of business and industrial depression, which unfor-
tunately visited our beloved country as well as all parts of the civ-
ilized world, the large attendance of delegates, the enthusiasm
manifested in our work and the evidence of the growth and healthy
progress of our noble order, truly furnish us reason for warm, sin-
cere and heartfelt congratulations."
In Mr. Wilhere's report at this convention he shows the
remarkable progress which the order had made during the previous
eight years, which is as follows: " In 1886 the number of states
and territories organized was thirty-one; the number of divisions
in good standing was S05, and the, number of members 43,000.
After eight years we now have forty-nine states, territories and
provinces and the District of Columbia organized; the number of
divisions reported is 1,206 and the reported membership is 93.878,
with five states or territories unreported."
On account of their supposed identity with the Ribbon-men
and kindred societies, a great number of the clergy were antago-
nistical to the Hibernians and opposed their organization in certain
localities; but gradually their good work asserted itself and the
attitude of the church began to change. On the occasion of the
meeting of the archbishops of the United States, in November,
1886. for considering the relations of the church to various socie-
ties in this country. Cardinal Gibbons made a personal examination
of the Ancient Order of Hibernians and reported that "he saw
nothing objectionable in the organization, but saw a greai deal
that was meritorious and commendable;" and at the conference
held by Cardinal Gibbons and the archbishops of the United States
in October, 1894, at Philadelphia, they, after carefully studying
the character, principles and history of this noble order, unan-
imously declared it to be "a most admirable society." There
are at present a great many priests and several bishops enrolled as
members, who take an active and leading part in the society pro-
ceedings, and church and order move along in perfect .friendship
and harmony.
At the Omaha convention a ladies' branch of the Ancient
Order of Hibernians, known as the Ladies' Auxiliary, was instituted
IN THE STATK Ol- INDIANA.
to assist in the benevolent work, to promote social relations and
advance the interests of the order. At that time was adopted a
crude constitution, which has since been perfected, and this branch
of the society has met with surprising success, both as to numbers
and efforts for good. Many thousands of the best and noblest
ladies in the United States have affiliated themselves with this
organization and the good they have done is incalculable. Beside
their charitable and benevolent work they, in some instances, have
accomplished a great deal in the way of elevating and educating
themselves by giving literature and music a place in their meetings.
The national convention <>{ the Ancient Order of Hibernians,
of 1896, was held in the beautiful city of Detroit, and if the
Omaha convention was " magnificent." this one exceeded it. The
national chaplain. Bishop Foley of that city, welcomed and
received his society brethren with true Irish warm-heartedness,
and the blessing which he gave their deliberations was not without
fruit, for the proceedings throughout were marked with mtelli-
gence, industry and harmony, while the visiting delegates and their
accompanying friends were delightfully entertained by the gener-
ous and cultured citizens. At this convention the national officers
and the national chaplain having in charge the fund authorized by
the Omaha convention to be collected for the endowment of the
Gaelic chair in the new Catholic university, at Washington, made
their report, showing that but a small amount of the $50,000
which had been promised remained uncollected, and that amount
the convention ordered, should be paid out of the national treas-
ury, thus making a permanent fund for the teaching, in that great
institution, of the Irish language, history and literature. And
what a history! and what a literature! Here may be learned the
songs of the ancient bards, and the wisdom of the Brehons. Dr.
Thomas J. Shahan, D. D. , of the Catholic university of Washing-
ton, said, in speaking of this action: "When the annals of the
decline and fall of the cruel British imperialism of former days
shall have been written by some Gaelic Gibbon of the future,
when we take up again the Irish annals where the wearied hands
of the Four Masters dropped the pen, the name of the Ancient
Order of Hibernians will be emblazoned upon one of their bright-
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
est pages. What a mighty spectacle, for the world, of the power
of Gaelic endurance, and the mighty strength that slumbers in
organized manhood, when it flashed across the wires that over
100,000 men of Irish blood have decreed that their mother-tongue
shall live, and live, too, in their midst, a well-spring to all time of
the holiest and highest suggestions for mankind."
The national convention of 1898 was held in Trenton, N. J.,
the home of Right Reverend Bishop McFaul, through whose medi-
ation the two branches of the order were reunited, a division in the
ranks having existed since the Cleveland convention in 1884, when
a small per centage of the members seceded from the main body
and formed a separate organization. The reason for the separa-
tion at the Cleveland convention in 1884 was on account of an
amendment to the constitution, admitting members to the order
who were Irish, or of Irish descent through either parent, instead of
both, as the constitution had been prior to that convention.
This reunited convention, as might be expected, was the
largest ever held, and the principal labor performed at this great
meeting was the revision of the constitution on lines agreeable to
the reunited order. This constitution provided for a national
organization of the Ladies' auxilary, which had, up to this time,
been dependent upon the national organization of the Ancient
Order of Hibernians. But the constitution of the auxiliary is to
be adopted by this order. It also provided for national, state
and county chaplains of the order, and for the organization of a
military branch, its companies to be known as Hibernian Rifles or
Hibernian Knights.
The officers governing this organization are a national presi-
dent, vice-president, secretary, treasurer, chaplain, a directory
consisting of four members, and the national vice-president. The
present national ofBcers are: John T. Keating, of Chicago,
national president; James E. Dolan, of Trenton, vice-president;
James O'Sullivan, of Philadelphia, secretary; Patrick T. Moran, of
Washington, D. C, treasurer, and P. J. O'Conner, Savannah,
Ga., M. J. Burns, Indianapolis, Ind., Patrick O'Neill, Philadel-
phia, Pa., and Edward J. Slattery, Massachusetts, are the directors.
This order is pledged in its constitution to the cause of chruch
(622F
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
and country, and to exercise at all times its inHuence in the inter-
ests of right and justice. The motto of the order is Friendship,
Unity and Christian Charity. By Friendship, the Hibernians are
taught to regard all their members as one family; to aid each other
in sickness and distress; to soothe the unhappy, to sympathize
with their misfortunes, to compassionate their miseries; to restore
peace to their troubled minds and to elevate their people; by Unity,
in combining together for mutual support in sickness and distress
and accomplishing the purposes of the order; by Christian Charity,
in loving one another and doing unto all men as we would wish
them to do unto us.
Conventions of the order are held biennially. The national,
on the second Tuesday in May, at twelve o'clock noon. The rep-
resentatives eligible to seats in the national convention are, the
national officers and directors, the state president, secretary and
treasurer, a county president from each county, together with an
additional member in each county for every i,ooo members in
good standing, over and above the first i,ooo; and the colonel of
each regiment.
The state conventions are held within forty days after the
adjournment of the national convention, and the following officers
are eligible to seats: The state officers, county presidents, the
five officers of each division, the colonel of each regiment and the
captain of each military company. The state convention may
limit the representation from each division to no less than one of
the five division officers.
The county convention is held within forty days after the
adjournment of the national convention and after the state con-
vention, and the following officers are eligible to seats: The count}'
president, the five officers of each division, and the captain of
each military company.
The weekly benefits in case of sickness or disability of a mem-
ber shall not be less than $5 per week, but shall be limited to thir-
teen weeks during any one year. On the death of a member, a
sum not less than $50 shall be appropriated to defray funeral
expenses.
Each division shall have an employment committee, whose
~(623)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
duty it shall be to assist all worthy brothers in securing employ-
ment, and render the unemployed members such assistance as may
be in their power.
In some states the insurance feature of the order has been a
great success, but Indiana has never been able, thus far, to sue-
cessfuUy maintian this department.
The Ancient Order of Hibernians is a secret organization in
that it has signs and passwords by which members in good standing
are able to recognize one another, and the ritual of the order is
approved by the clergy and may at any time be inspected by them.
The Ancient Order of Hibernians was first organized in Indi-
ana, as far as can be definitely ascertained, at Knightsville, Clay
county, in 1871, under the authority of Capt. Kennedy, of Pitts-
burg, by Thomas McGovern, who was the first state delegate.
Charles Sheridan was the first state secretary, and John Smith the
first state treasurer. In the following year organizations were
effected in Marion and Fountain counties, and, in 1873, Putnam
was admitted with a division to the state organization. Vigo,
Daviess and Tippecanoe followed the next year. During the time
from 1 87 1 to 1876 the state and county officers were in close touch
with each other and did not think it necessary to incur the expense
of a meeting, consequently no state convention was called until
the latter year, when they assembled at Greencastle, the counties
represented being Clay, Putnam, Tippecanoe, Marion, Daviess and
Vigo. The officers elected at this convention were John J. Burke,
state delegate; M. J. Ward, state secretary, and Patrick Healy,
state treasurer.
Johnson county branch was organized in 1877, and the con-
vention that year was held at Indianapolis, at which the state offi-
cers elected were: P. H. McNelis, state delegate; Jeremiah Collins,
state secretary, and John Landes, state treasurer.
The next convention was held at Indianapolis, where P. H.
McNelis was re-elected state delegate; John Rail, state secretary,
and John Landes, state treasurer. Brazil had the convention in
1879, and P. H. McNelis was again re-elected state delegate; P. B.
O'Reilly, state secretary, and Peter Ingolsby, state treasurer. The
convention in 1880 went to Madison, where John Byrnes was
mr
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
elected state delegate; William Broderick, state secretary, and John
Murphy, state treasurer, and in i88i,to Terre Haute, where John
Byrnes was re-elected state delegate; William Broderick, state sec-
retary, and J. H. Meany chosen for state secretary.
At the convention held at Washington, in 1882, it was decided
to hold the conventions biennially. The following officers were
elected: J. F. O'Reilly, state delegate; J. C. Lavelle, state secre-
tary, and Frank Cannon, state treasurer. The first biennial con-
vention was held at Indianapolis in 1884. The order had been
slowly but steadily growing, and more enthusiasm was being man-
ifested at those state meetings, and their organization was becoming
more perfect and their power for good enhanced. The following offi-
cers were elected: J. W. McGreevy,state delegate;]. H. Meany, state
secretary, and Thomas Kerins, state treasurer.
At the next convention, which was held at Richmond in 1886,
the same officers were re-elected. At this meeting the subject of
an insurance branch in the order was discussed and referred to the
succeeding convention, which was held at Evansville in 1888. Here
the insurance feature was acted upon favorably and the mutual
plan adopted. According to the state delegate's report, the mem-
bership of the order had increased 450 in the two years preceding,
the whole number of counties in the state, organized, was fifteen,
and the number of divisions, twenty. The officers elected at this
convention were: Thomas McQuade, state delegate; John F.
O'Reilly, state secretary, and Peter Kline, state treasurer.
The fourth biennial and fifteenth state convention of the
Ancient Order of Hibernians assembled at South Bend in 1890,
where all the proceedings were carried on very harmoniously and
the same officers were unanimously re-elected. An increase of 168
in membership during the last two years was reported and the com-
mittee on the standing of the order said that, after a careful exami-
nation of the reports of the secretary and treasurer of the state,
they found the society to be in a flourishing condition, and this
notwithstanding they had done a great deal in the matter of
charity.
At the next state convention, which was held at New Albany
in 1892, the state delegate announced that the insurance feature
37 (625)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
had been, by the consent of the members insured, " abandoned. "
The membership at this time was 1,183, 3-n increase of 257 since
the last report. The following state officers were elected: M. D.
Fansler, state delegate; S. J. Hannagan, state secretary, and Pat-
rick Manley, state treasurer. Peru having been decided upon as
the place for holding the next state convention, it was accordingly
held there in 1894, and according to State Delegate Fansler's
report it was the largest convention of Hibernians ever held in
Indiana. The increase in the order's membership since the last
convention was more than 700, with thirty-two counties organized.
The election resulted in unanimously choosing the same president
and secretary. Treasurer Manley, on account of ill-health,
refused to be a candidate, and John W. O'Hara was elected to fill
that place.
The convention of 1896 opened with gloom in the beautiful
city of Terre Haute, as Secretary Hannagan convened the dele-
gates, announcing the death of their beloved president, Michael
D. Fansler. Mr. Fansler was in life a brilliant lawyer of Logans-
port, but his friends or his charities were not confined to the local-
ity of his residence. His wit, his geniality and his sympathy
made him a favorite wherever he was known, and his intelligence
and sincerity placed him in many responsible positions, which he
always filled with credit to himself and profit to those whom he
served. E.x-President Thomas McQuade, was called to the chair.
The need of a vice-president was now felt, and the by-laws were
revised so as to provide for one. Among the resolutions adopted
were one of respect and condolence on account of the death of
two worthy and prominent members — Ex-State Treasurer Patrick
M. Manley and State President Michael D. Fansler — and one.'of
sympathy for the struggling Cubans, urging the United States to
accord Cuba belligerent rights. At this meeting M. J. Burns. was
elected state president; B. A. Coll, state vice-president; M. J.
O'Brien, state secretary, and J. W. O'Hara, re-elected state-treas-
urer. At the national convention held at Detroit, soon after, .M.
J. Burns, was elected to the office of national director, and, he
having resigned as state president, J. W. O'Hara was chosen to
fill this vacancy, and B. A. Coll to fill the office of state treasurer
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
thus made vacant, and Kdward O'Neill was made state vice-
president.
The convention of 1898 assembled at Fort Wayne on the
19th of April. At this convention the office of state vice-president
was abolished in accordance with the decision of Bishop McFaul,
of Trenton, N. J., through whose efforts the dissenting body of
the national organization was reunited to the main body. This
decision was made in order to grant representation in the national
convention, on an equal basis, the dissenters not having the office
of vice-president in their state organization.
A company of the Hibernian rifles had been formed, in Fort
Wayne, under the authority of State Military Organizer William
J. Walsh, and these brave young fellows, who had just tendered
their services to the government, in case of war with Spain, which
now seemed imminent, received the endorsement and encourage-
ment of the convention, which also passed resolutions of loyalty
to the United States and sympathy for the Cubans.
The manifested good will of Bishop Rademacher towards the
convention and his blessing had a most happy effect on the dele-
gates, and the proceedings were very pleasantly conducted through-
out. The incumbent officers were re-elected, and Rev. M. J.
Byrne, of Fort Wayne, was chosen the first state chaplain.
The Ladies' auxiliary, which was first organized at Terre
Haute just prior to the state convention held there in 1896, has
been growing steadily, and. under the wise and active leadership of
Mrs. P. H. McNelis, the future promises much.
Indiana's contribution to the Gaelic chair was $1 , 107. 50. The
funds of the order are kept in the treasury of the local divisions,
who control its disbursement. The expenses of the national of^cers
are paid by contributions from the local divisions for the pass-
words, signs, etc., which are issued by the national officers. The
expenses of the state board are paid by a per capita assessment
upon the members of the organization in the state. The only
salaried officer on the state board is the state secretary, who
receives but $50 per year, a very small compensation for the
amount and character of the work done by that officer.
The qualifications for membership in the order are that the
(62T>
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
applicant shall be Irish or of Irish descent through either parent; a
practical Catholic, not less than eighteen, or over forty-five years
of age, and in good health. Persons over forty-five may become
honorary members of the order, but are not entitled to any benefits
for sickness or death.
The constitution of the order makes it compulsory for mem-
bers to receive holy communion within the Easter time of each
year.
St. Patrick's day is a national holiday, to be celebrated as a
majority of the county board may think proper.
The order in the state of Indiana disburses through its local
divisions about $12,000 per 3-ear for sick benefits and other chari-
ties, and has on hand about $12,000, and in America the order dis-
burses about $500,000 per annum in charities, and has money and
property amounting to more than $1,000,000.
The order is incorporated under the state laws of Indiana as a
state organization, and under the state laws of Pennsylvania as a
national organization.
The publishers are indebted for the above very able historical
sketch of the Ancient Order of Hibernians to John W. O'Hara,
state president of the order, and trust it will be received in the
same spirit in which it is presented — that of Friendship, Unity and
Christian Charity.
THE CATHOLIC KNIGHTS OF AMERICA.
The history of the Catholic Knights of America, in Indiana,
covers a period of over twenty years, and the order numbers among
its members both the right reverend bishops of the two dioceses of
Indiana, scores of the reverend clergy and hundreds of the foremost
laymen of the Catholic church.
The order was first organized in Nashville, Tenn. It is
reported that when "Catholic Nashville " was under the gifted
spiritual direction of the good and wise Bishop P. A. Feehan. now
archbishop of Chicago, that he, on many occasions, warned his
people personally, and through the pastors of his diocese, that
they beware of afBliating with non-Catholic societies. He warned
them that any society imposing oaths and secrecy as an obligation
(628r
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
of inembership and prescribing ritualistic ceremonies, at meetings
and burials, was prohibited to the Catholics of his diocese.
After one of his stirring exhortations to his people to shun
these associations, there was present, among.st his hearers, James
J. McLaughlin, a prominent citizen recognized as a zealous Cath-
olic and who at the time was active and energetic as a Knight of
Honor. After the services, Mr. McLaughlin at ouce sought two
of his neighbors, D. N. Burke and John Broderick, both fellow-
Catholics, and both Knights of Honor. He explained to them his
impressive experiences of the morning, and insisted that a further
continuance of their membership in the Knights of Honor would
be irreconcilable with pract cal Catholicity, and that, as he could
not incur the censure of his church, he must end his connection
with the Ivnights of Honor. His sincerity, and the force of the
argument, coupled with their warm admiration and devoted friend-
ship to him, at once influenced his two friends to yield their con-
currence with his convictions. Mr. McLaughlin then told his
friends that he did not see why, with proper religious safe-guards,
the admirable temporal features of the Knights of Honor could not
be made available to Roman Catholics, and that it was his determi-
nation to make an effort to accomplish it. He then and there
suggested the features for organizing a Catholic society, based upon
the plan of the Knights of Honor, as to all material requirements,
eliminating every objectionable provision of the laws which had
invited the antagonism of the bishop, and, in lieu thereof, inserting
specially emphatic Catholic essentials to membership.
The first formal meeting at which the order of the Catholic
Knights of America was organized, though this title was not the one
then selected, was convened on the 23d day of April, 1877.
Between that and the 29th of May, 1877, a number of meetings
were held, but on the latter date the committee on charter, consti-
tution and laws, submitted its report, which was adopted, subject
to the bishop's approval. The charter was granted by the county
court of Davidson county, Tenn. The name of the society at first
agreed upon, and which was chosen at this meeting, was the order
of United Catholics. The constitution and laws, as reported and
adopted, were a reprint of those of the Knights of Honor, then in
1629]
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
force, omitting every feature which could in any manner be con-
strued as an infringement of the pivotal purpose of the founders to
have the organization removed from any contingency of antagonism
with Catholic requirements, and inserting as the order's foundation
stone "practical Catholicity," as the essential prerequisite to mem-
bership.
At a meeting held on June 5, 1877, in addition to the regular
business, the name was changed to Nashville branch No. i, United
order of Catholics. At the meeting on June 12th, the adoption
of the name as selected by the previous meeting was reconsidered,
and a committee of five was appointed to select and recommend
a name to the m.eeting. The committee withdrew, and shortly
afterwards submitted to the meeting the Catholic Knights of Honor
as the name of the order. The report of the committee was
adopted, and the name by them recommended was agreed to.
The committee previously appointed to wait upon Bishop Fee-
han, to secure his approval, stated that as now the constitution
and laws had been prepared, submitted to and adopted by
the meeting, subject to the bishop's approval, they had
arranged to wait upon him for that purpose and would be pre-
pared to report at the next meeting the results of their labor.
Influenced by the inspiration of his devoted American citizenship,
and his consciousness of the indisputable truth that all true
sons of the Catholic church, enjoying the favor of citizenship, yield
to none in flinchless loyalty and patriotic devotion to country,
Bishop Feehan selected Catholic Knights of America as the name
of the order, and, with this change, he extended his cordial
approval to its objects and purposes, assuring the committee of
his hearty co-opera ion and promising an early visit to the branch
meeting.
To James J. McLaughlin is unquestionably due the honor and
credit of founding the order of the Catholic Knights of America,
and it was but a fitting tribute and merited to his untiring efforts that
he should have been made the unanimous choice as the first
president.
He was born in Dublin county, Ireland, on April 29, 1831.
He came to this country, and settled in Nashville, Tenn., where
(630)
IN THE STATE OI' INDIANA.
he was naturalized and became an earnest, active and good citi/en.
After an honorable life, respected and loved for his noble nature
and kind heart, with an unsullied name and stainless character as
the proud heritage of his children, he died at Columbia, Tenn.,
on March 20, 1883. a pious and devoted member of the Catholic
church. He now sleeps his last sleep in Mount Calvary cemetery
at Nashville, with his resting place marked by a neat monument,
the feeble tribute of affectionate remembrance from the order he
loved and served so well.
The order was now fully launched, with episcopal approval,
and its growth was far beyond the most sanguine hope of its best
wishers. The meetings were largely attended and it was but a
short time until other branches were organized by the official organ-
izer, John McDonald, he having visited Cincinnati, St. Louis, Louis-
ville, and other cities for this purpose.
Several branches having applied for a charter, among the num-
ber was branch No. 7, of New Albany, Ind. On March 10, 1878,
a meeting of Catholics was called in the city of New Albany for the
purpose of organizing a branch of the Catholic Knights of America.
Louis Vernia was selected temporary chairman, John Byrne
temporary secretary, and Mr. Doyle, of Louisville, explained the
constitution and laws of the order and aided very materially in the
organization of this, the first branch in our state. By unanimous
vote of those present, it was decided to leave the charter open for
two months for the purpose of securing signers, and at the end of
that time, eighteen charter members were obtained as follows:
John Byrne, Joseph Byrne, William S. Herley, Henry E. Koetter,
Gerhardt H. Koetter, James Shea, Cornelius Tegart, Leo Bark-
house. Peter P. Schaefer, Thomas Gleason, John O'Donnell, Will-
iam Ryves, Michael Neenan, Sylvester Bir, Thomas Dowd, Michael
Welsh, John Maley and Patrick Delahunty.
Of these eighteen charter members, four are dead, two have
moved away from New Albany, and twelve still remain and are
members of branch No. 7. Shortly after the organization o branch
No. 7, branch No. 9 of New Albany was organized.
The order having e.xtended to the several states under the
charter granted, the members deemed it proper to have a meeting
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
of the supreme council. An expression was invited and had by
the branches, then in existence, and the time and place agreed
upon resulted in the selection of July 9, 1878, at Louisville, Ky.
The first supreme council session opened at the appointed time and
place with a full representation from all branches then in existence
— Indiana beinj,^ represented by Dr. R. A. Davis from branch No. 7,
of New Albany, and Joseph Weber of branch No. 9, of the same
city — these two branches being the only ones in existence in this
state at that time.
The second annual session of the supreme council was held in
the supreme court room, Indianapolis, Ind.. July 8, 1879, and com-
pleted its session on July loth. At this meeting an amendment
was adopted reducing the basis of representation and the meetings
changed from annual to biennial, and Cincinnati was selected as the
place of meeting of the third supreme council, which was held on
July 12, 1881. At this council was reported the charter which had
been granted by the legislature of the state of Kentucky.
On April i, 1880, the general assembly of the state of Ken-
tucky granted a charter to the " supreme council, Catholic Knights
of America," authorizing them to transact business, which charter
was as follows:
Whereas, Certain persons, citizens of Kentucky, Tennessee,
West Virginia, Pennsylvania, Missouri and Indiana have formed a
corporation to promote benevolence, morality, science and indus-
try in said states and in the United States; therefore.
Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the CoiiiuiomvealtJi
of Kentucky :
Sec. i. That R. L. Spalding, W. B. Dalton, J. J. O'Rourke,
J. L Hechmer, G. D. Denser, L. H. Bell, T. J. Gilligan, D. H.
Leonard and W. Neh. Webb, and their associates and successors
be, and they are hereby created a body politic, to be known by
the name, style and title of the supreme council Catholic Knights
of America, and by such name and title shall have perpetual suc-
cession, and be capable in law of suing and being sued, pleading
and being impleaded, and of purchasing, leasing, holding, granting
and receiving in its corporate name such property, real, personal
and mixed, as is necessary for the conduct of its business and
affairs, and of instituting grand councils and subordinate branches
(632r
IN TIIK STATE OF INDIANA.
as it may see fit, under such laws, rules and rej<ulations as the ccjr-
poration may enact, not in conflict with the laws of this state and
of the United States.
Sec. 2. The object of the corporation shall be to unite fra-
ternally all acceptable Catholics, of every profession, business and
occupation; to j^ive all possible moral and material aid in its power
to members of the organization, by holding instructive and scien-
tific lectures, by encouraging each other in business, and by assist-
ing each other to obtain employment; to establish and maintain a
benefit fund from which a sum not to exceed two thousand dol-
lars shall be paid a the death of each member to his family, or be
disposed of as he may direct; but the death benefit shall be litnited
to the assessment per capita until such assessment reaches two
thousand dollars or more; to establish a fund for the relief of sick
and distressed members, and to establish and maintain a circulating
library of useful and instructive books for the use of the members
of the association.
Sec. 3. That the supreme council shall have a common seal
for the making and delivering of all legal acts and proceedings, the
same to break or alter at pleasure.
Sec. 4. The said supreme council may provide for holding
its annual meetings at such time and place as a majority of its vot-
ing members may select.
Sec. 5. The private property of members of the corporation
shall be exempt from the corporate debts.
Sec. 6. The supreme council may provide for the election
of such officers as it may deem necessary to transact the business
of the corporation and to further its objects, who shall hold office
until their successors are duly elected, qualified and installed into
office.
Sec. 7. The said supreme council shall have power to create,
hold and disburse the funds named in the objects of the corpora-
tion for promoting benevolence and relieving the sick and dis-
tressed, under such regulations as it may deem necessary to adopt,
and said fund shall be exempt from execution, and shall under no
circumstances be liable to seizure or appropriation by any legal
or equitable process for any debt or debts of any of its living or
deceased members; and said funds shall be exempt from the laws,
rules and regulations governing the Insurance Bureau of this state.
Sec. 8. The general assembly reserves the right to amend
and alter this charter.
Sec. 9. This act shall take effect from and after its passage.
Approved April i, 1880.
"1633)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
In 1888, on April 30th, the legislature of the same generous
state, on application, allowed the charter to be amended as follows:
An Act to amend the charter of the supreme council, Catholic
Knights of America, approved April i, 1880, and to repeal
the act amendatory thereof, approved March 26, 1888.
(Chapter 709.)
Be it enacted by the General Asseinb y of the ConimomvealtJi
of Kentucky :
Sec. I. That the charter of the supreme council. Catholic
Knights of America, approved April i, 1880, be amended by strik-
ing out section 2 of said act, and inserting in lieu thereof the fol-
lowing as section 2, viz:
Sec. 2. The object of this corporation shall be to unite
fraternally all acceptable Catholics of every profession, business
and occupation; to give all possible moral and material aid in its
power to members of the organization by holding instructive and
scientific lectures, by encouraging each other in business, and by
assisting each other to obtain employment; to establish and main-
tain a benefit fund, from which a sum not to exceed five thousand
dollars shall be paid at the death of each member to his family,
or be disposed of as he may direct, but the death benefit shall be
limited to the assessment per capita, until such assessment reaches
five thousand dollars, or more; to establish and maintain a sinking
fund and a fund for the relief of sick and distressed members, and
to establish and maintain a circulating library of useful and
instructive books for the use of the members of the association.
Sec. 3. That the act to amend the charter of the supreme
council, Catholic Knights of America, approved March 26, 1888,
be, and the same is, hereby repealed.
Sec. 4. This act shall take effect from and after its passage.
Approved April 30, 1888.
Later on other branches received charters, and in 1880 branch
No. 103 was organized at the cathedral, Fort Wayne, by Hon.
P. S. O'Rourke, now deceased. After the organization of this
branch Mr. O'Rourke, with his characteristic energy, took hold of
the matter, and by correspondence and addresses succeeded in
having numerous branches organized throughout the state of
Indiana and western Ohio, and to him, more than any man in the
state, is due the credit for the large number of knights we now
(634r
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
have. His time and means were freely given to the support of
this very worthy order, and he was prominent in its affairs up to
the time of his death. In 1881 his branch sent him as a delegate
to the supreme council, which was held in Cincinnati, but Mr.
O'Rourke did not attend that council meeting, as he was very sick
at the time and supposed to be beyond recovery. This supreme
council meeting, that was held in Cincinnati, did away with branch
representation and provided for the branches in the different states
organizing state councils, and for these state councils to elect
representatives to the supreme council.
Rarely, if ever, in the history of Cincinnati, was the heat
more oppressive than during this session of the council. Sunstroke
fatalities were numerous and frequent. This condition of affairs
made it necessary to change the meeting place from Melodeon
hall to the Highland house, a more congenial and less afflicted
site. Important amendments were before the council for consider-
ation, and the discussions were long, forcible and animated. Up
to this time branch representation was the ground work of the
supreme council, and the rapid growth of the order made it
apparent to all of her thoughtful well-wishers, that some means
must be devised to remedy this cumbersome, inharmonious and
extravagant system of government. An increased mortality,
beyond every expectation, induced the conclusion that the rapid
increase of membership was not surrounded with safeguards, in
the medical tests of the applicants, as conducive to the order's
security and permanency. The absurd fallacy, and inequitable
exaction of valuable and laborious service, imposing heavy bond
exactions, without any compensation whatever, to the executive
head, and with shamelessly inadequate pay to the other seriously
important trusts, inspired an awakening sense of justice in those
who demanded faithful service, and who scouted the insane theory
that the honor was a fair requital. Just complaint was made that
the assessment rate, as then in vogue, was both unwise and faulty,
and an increased age-limit from fifty to fifty-five years found
ardent supporters.
At this meeting was created the office of supreme medical
examiner, and the assessment rate, which had heretofore been one
(685)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
dollar an assessment, was changed to the following, which is still
in force:
Berween aees of 18 and 25 years § .70 Between ages of 46 and 47 years Si. 10
" " 95 and 30 " .75 " " " 47 and 48 " 1.15
" " yO and 85 " .80 " " " 48 and 49 " 1.20
" " 35 and 40 " .90 " " " 49 and 50 " 1.25
•• 40 and 45 " 1.00 " " " 50 and 55 " 3.00
" " 45 and 46 " 1.05
On May 5, 1882, the first state council for Indiana was held
at the city of Indianapolis, and at this meeting Rt. Rev. Francis P.
Chatard and Rt. Rev. Joseph Dwenger were elected spiritual
directors; Dr. E. J. Brennan, of Indianapolis, state president;
Peter Moll, vice-president; Thomas J. Gilligan, secretary; Hon. C.
|. Murphy, treasurer. Hon. P. S. O'Rourke, of Fort Wayne, and
Dr. E. J. Brennan, of Indianapolis, were elected representatives
to the supreme council.
The fourth supreme council was held May 8, 1883, in St.
Louis, Mo. The delegates from this state took an active and
prominent part at this meeting, and both were untiring in their
zeal for the welfare of the order. Dr. Brennan is still taking an
active part and is now the supreme medical examiner of the order.
At this meeting of the supreme council, Hon. P. S. O'Rourke was
elected a supreme trustee and served in that capacity for two
years.
The second state council of the state of Indiana was held on
February 13, 1883, at the city of Indianapolis, at which both of
our right reverend bishops were again elected spiritual directors;
Hon. Henry S. Cauthorn, state president; Nicholas Horuff, vice-
president; Thomas J. Gilligan, secretary; Hon. C. J. Murphy,
treasurer; and Dr. E. J. Brennan and Hon. C. J. Murphy, supreme
representatives, but they did not serve, as there was no supreme
council for them to attend. But at the meeting of the third state
council, held February 12, 1884, at Fort Wayne, Ind., they were
elected and attended the fifth session of the supreme council, held
in New York city on May 12, 1885— this council being known as
the "sinking fund" council. The third state council, above
referred to, elected Hon. P. S. O'Rourke, state president; A. S.
Chapman, vice-president; J. A. Bedel, secretary; J. H. Schmidt,
pep
IN THE STATE Ol' INDIANA.
treasurer; and Messrs. Brennan and Murphy supreme representa-
tives. The council which they attended is a memorable one in
the history of the order. Hon. P. S. O'Rourke, of Fort Wayne,
was a supreme trustee, and at this council meeting made a success-
ful effort providing for a sinking fund. His theory was that no
assessment organization could exist if means were not provided for
a fund which could be called upon in times of urgent necessity.
He contended that if either an epidemic, or the death rate should
be overly large, that many members would drop out, and the
excessive assessments would prevent the acquisition of new mem-
bers,- and, to guard against this, he proposed that ten per cent, of
each assessment be set aside to be called a " sinking fund," to be
used only in case of emergency. The committee on laws of the
New York supreme council reported adversely to this proposition.
Immediately on reading this adverse report, Mr. O'Rourke moved
that a special committee of five be appointed to report on his prop-
osition, which was done. After a short consultation by the com-
mittee, Mr. O'Rourke was called before them, and it was suggested
to him, that, if he would be satisfied with -five per cent, of each
assessment, the committee would report unanimously in favor of
the sinking fund. Well knowing that a half a loaf was better
than no bread, Mr. O'Rourke immediately gave his approval. The
committee reported and unanimously supported Mr. O'Rourke on
the floor of the convention, which finally adopted his proposition
as the law of the order. At each succeeding council, up to the
present time, attacks have been made on the sinking fund, but at
all of these councils, with the exception of one, Mr. O'Rourke was
present to defend the order, and the widows and orphans of
deceased members, in what he considered the sheet anchor of the
order, and he never failed in his emphatic way to impress upon
the members of the supreme council the necessity of maintaining
this, one of the grandest features of the supreme council. Catholic
Knights of America, and, just previous to his death, he remarked
that no fraternal order could exist successfully without a reserve
fund. He said his energies were not put forward for what his
beneficiaries would be liable to get, because he had spent, in the
many years in which he was a member, far more than the $2,000
(637)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
that would be paid when he was no more, but he contended that
the bulk of the members were of that class of our citizens who
would not or could not go into the old-line companies for protec-
tion for their famihes, and that it would be an outrage, without
reparation, should the order continue to take the money from
many hundreds, yea. thousands, of its members, without a positive
assurance to them that, when they die, their loved ones would be
saved from want. The sinking fund at this time amounts to a tritie
over $350,000, the bulk of which is invested in United States
bonds, the interest on which ranges from four to six per cent, per
annum, which is used in assisting to pay death claims. At this New
York meeting of the supreme council, Hon. P. S. O'Rourke was
elected supreme vice-president.
The Knights of Indiana held their fourth state council in the
city of Evansville, on September 7, 1886, and elected Hon. P. S.
O'Rourke, state president; John Schu, vice-president; A. S. Chap-
man, secretary; T. M. Howard, treasurer; H. C. Berghoff and J.
Henry Schmidt were elected supreme representatives to attend the
council, which held its sixth session at the Palmer house, Chicago,
on May 10, 1887. At this council meeting was reported the
amendment to the charter previously referred to. At this council
Mr. O'Rourke was again elected supreme vice-president, he having
declined the importunities of a vast majority of the delegates to
allow his name to be presented for supreme president, but, owing
to his business engagements, and knowing very well that he could
not give the office of supreme president the attention which he
knew it required, he declined.
The fifth Indiana state council was held on September 5, 1 888,
at the city of Madison, which council again elected Hon. P. S.
O'Rourke, state president; John Schu, vice-president; A. S. Chap-
man, secretary; T. M. Howard, treasurer; William S. O'Rourke
and Hon. C. J. Murphy were elected supreme representatives to
represent the council, which met in Chattanooga, Tenn., in May,
1889, which was the seventh supreme council.
After the adjournment of the sixth session of the supreme
Gouncil, Supreme Medical Examiner E. Miles Willet died, on Feb-
ruary 7, 1888, and Dr. E. J. Brennan, of Indianapolis, Ind.,.was
IN THli STATE OF INDIANA.
chosen to fill the vacancy. At this meeting of the supreme coun-
cil, Dr. Brennan was again elected supreme medical examiner.
The sixth state council was held September 2, 1890, at South
Bend, at which time Very Rev. M. E. Campion was elected state
president; John Schu, vice-president; Hon. Gerard Keiter, secre-
tary; D. P. Downs, treasurer; and Hon. P. S. O'Rourke and J. P.
Clemens supreme representatives to attend the council which was
held in the city of Philadelphia in May, 1891. The old officers
were re-elected with the exception of one trustee, who was a
new man. At this same council meeting a committee on laws
reported, having been appointed by the previous council, of which
William S. O'Rourke was a member, he having been very active
in the Chattanooga council in his efforts to enact more stringent
laws for the welfare of the order.
The seventh state council of Indiana was held September 6,
1892, atLogansport, where Very Rev. M. E. Campion was re-elected
state president; Hon. C. J. Murphy, vice-president; George Fahl-
bush, secretary; D. P. Downs, treasurer; Hon. Gerard Reiter
and Hon. P. S. O'Rourke were elected at this state council as
Indiana's representatives to the supreme council, which was held
in the city of Chicago, commencing May 9, 1893.
The next state council meeting was held in \ incennes, in
August, 1894, at which Right Rev. Chatard and Right Rev.
Rademacher were elected spiritual directors; Peter Wallrath,
state president; P. R. McCarthy, vice-president; George Fahlbush,
secretary; D. P. Downs, treasurer, and Hon. P. S. O'Rourke and
Louis J. Herman were elected representatives to the supreme
council.
Mr. Herman, at the time the supreme council met, was very
ill and could not attend, and his alternate, Hon. Gerard Reiter,
appeared in his place. This supreme council meeting was held in
May, 1895, in Omaha, Nebr., and, as usual, Indiana's representa-
tives were second to none in their endeavors for the promotion of
good to the order. This council unanimously re-elected William
S. O'Rourke supreme secretary, and complimented him very highly
on the successful manner in which he had conducted the affairs of
(639)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
his office and the expedition with which he dispatched all of his
official functions.
At the close of this council meeting the membership in Indi-
ana increased ver}^ rapidly. New branches were organized in
many parishes throughout the state and accessions to old branches
occurred in many places at almost every meeting, so that when the
next state council was held at Columbus in August, 1896, a vastly
increased membership was reported. This state council re-elected
the two bishops as spiritual directors; P. R. McCarthy, president;
I. Freiburger, vice-president; A. J. Lauck, secretary; D. P.
Downs, treasurer; and Hon. Gerard Reiter and Peter Wallrath
were elected supreme representatives and attended the supreme
council meeting, which was held in Mobile, Ala., in May, 1897.
Besides the officers and representatives from this state who
attended this supreme council, many of the members from
throughout the state were present, all enthusiastic in their endeav-
ors to promote the welfare of the order. This council meeting,
however, was perhaps as unsatisfactory to the members at large as
any that was ever held. There was such a diversity of opinion
that it was impossible for any of the various plans suggested to
meet the approval of a sufficient number of representatives pres-
ent to insure their adoption. Indiana had been represented for
many years on the board of supreme officers, and this meeting
completed the tenure of office of William S. O'Rourke, supreme
secretary, and Hon. Gerard Reiter, of Vincennes, was elected
supreme treasurer, he taking his office in July, 1897. At the
meeting of the supreme officers, at the same time. Dr. E. J. Bren-
nan, of Indianapolis, was re-elected supreme examiner, his experi-
ence and his ability being recognized by a unanimous vote of the
supreme officers.
Not only are the finances and the medical department looked
after by members in this state, but the uniform rank department is
ably conducted by John W. Nordhaus, who for years has been de-
voted in his attention to the uniform rank. Catholic Knfghts of
America. This branch of the order was started in 1881, by Hon.
P. S. O'Rourke in branch 103, that having been the first uniform
branch in the order. In 1889 there was a sufficient number of
(640)
IN THK STATK OI' INDIANA.
iinifonn companies in the state to perfect a state organization.
Other states saw the necessity and the beauties of this rank, and
soon followed suit, so that the supreme council, which met in
Omaha in May, 1895, made provision for a uniform rank. In
1897, this branch of the order received substantial recognition by
causing suitable laws to be adopted for the establishment of the
uniform rank officers, and John W. Nordhaus, of Vincennes, hav-
ing been recognized as one of the leading military men of the
order, was unanimously chosen commander-in-chief of that
department throughout the country.
The order's record in the state of Indiana, from the organ-
ization of branch No. 7, in New Albany, down to the present time,
is indeed a proud and a flattering one. The management of her
affairs by the several state officers, who have served so devotedly
and so well, has shown honesty, devotion and self-sacrifice, and at
no time during this period have the Catholic Knights of America
deviated one jot in their duty to the order they love so well.
Though affliction has befallen the order, during its long existence,
the Knights in Indiana only worked the harder, and, if such a
thing were possible, became more devoted in their efforts. Many
millions of dollars have been paid by the order to the widows and
orphans of deceased members, Indiana, owing to her large mem-
bership, having received her proportionate share, and many
homes, grief-stricken by the loss of a kind husband and father,
have been alleviated by the bounteousness and liberality of the
order of Catholic Knights of America.
AMERICAN SONS OF COLUMBUS.
It is erroneously supposed that the Roman Catholic church is
unalterably opposed to secret societies and that all societies that
are secret are condemned by the church. This idea, which is very
extended, is not in consonance with the doctrines of the church.
It is true that many secret societies are opposed by the church,
and a few are condemned, but this opposition or condemnation is
not owing to their secrecy, but to their practices, aims, and the
ends they endeavor to attain.
There are many secret societies, both in and out of the church,
38 (641)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
that have on their roster the names of eminent practical CathoHcs,
and the fact that such societies are secret does not debar Catholics
from joining them as Catholics. While the church discourages
secret societies, she does not absolutely prohibit them because of
secrecy. There are many non-secret societies that Catholics are
not permitted to join, where their aim and purpose is contrary to
law or morality. We are all prone to seek after that which is hid-
den, and many societies maintain a large membership owing to
this fact.
Many Catholic young men have been lost to the church simply
because of secret societies. It was principally owing to this fact
that the order of the American Sons of Columbus was organized.
The Hon. P. S. O'Rouke, now deceased, took a lively interest in
all matters pertaining to the church. He was broad-minded and
devoted to the interests of his fellow-man. He thought that the
loss to the church was many times the accession, as he attributed
it chiefly, to outside secret societies. He maintained that, as man
is a social creature, he will seek that element of society which suits
him best; and that, owing to man's desire to attain that which is
exclusive, his investigating nature will drive him to some secret
society. The average young man, as soon as he becomes a mem-
ber of a secret society, relaxes little by little his religious teach-
ings and finally, having associated with non-Catholics, marries out
of the faith and in many instances is lost to the church forever.
Mr. O'Rourke thought a secret society, composed entirely of
Catholics, would be a means of benefit to the church. To add to
his conviction, one evening, while attending the council of Balti-
more, he was present at a gathering and heard a prominent Cath-
olic remark that "the way to contend against secret societies at
variance with the church was to have secret societies among Cath-
olics themselves, in harmony with the church." This nurtured the
thought he himself had so long entertained.
After returning home Mr. O'l^ourke matured a plan and ritual
for a secret society and submitted them to his bishop, the Right
Rev. Joseph Dwenger. The bishop gave him his endorsement,
and in 1892 he organized, at Fort Wayne, colony No. i, American
Sons of Columbus, and one year later he organized the ladies'
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
auxiliary, the Daughters of Isabella. The society is secret, but is'
open to the investigation and inspection of the ordinary of the dio-
cese in which a colony exists; and the reverend clergy are admitted
as honorary visitors, a courtesy which is extended to no other per-
son. The ritual is in harmony with the doctrines of the church,
and it, together with the objects and aims of the organization,
were approved by Mgr. Satolli.
Having secured the endorsement of his bishop and the Pope's
personal representative in this country, Mr. O'Rourke felt assured
that the Catholic young men could join a secret society of their
own which was in harmony with, and recognized by, the authori-
ties of the church.
The objects of the American Sons of Columbus are to give-
Catholic gentlemen a secret society that is in consonance with
their religion; to create a fraternal feeling among its members; to-
aid one another, when assistance is wanted; to help the poor andJ
needy; to meet at their hall or homes in social enjoyment, and tc
foster that spirit of religion and love of country all intelligent
Catholics possess. The social feature was adopted for the benefit
of the younger members, not only in the American Sons of Colum-
bus, but in the auxiliary. The founder believed that a close social
relation among Catholics would largely prevent mixed marria^'esv
The non-Catholic churches have their societies where young;
people meet and mingle, and the lack of Catholic sociability is
largely responsible for so many non-Catholic marriages. The
American Sons of Columbus has in many places created Catholic
society and has provided a place where young people can meet in
social pleasure. But the social feature does not predominate.
Literature, music, organized charity — all secure close attention,
and in many cities where colonies exist, the uplifting tendencies
of the Sons are felt. There is an insurance feature connected with
the society, but it has never been prominently urged, owing to the.
multiplicity of fraternal insurance societies.
In giving a name to the organization, Mr. O'Rourke. thought
"the American Catholics ought to do something for Columbus,.
who was the first white American," and concluded, therefore, that
the name "American Sons of Columbus " would combine all that
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
the American Catholics could desire. It couples our country with.
the discoverer of it, and we are his sons. He seems to combine
all in section 3 of the constitution, which he drafted, explaining
eligibility to membership; it says:
Sec. '6. To enable all sood and well disposed laymen of reasonable health,
without regard to nationality or worldly wealth, to become united fraternally as a
Ijand of brothers under the cross of our Savior, the flag of our country, and the ban-
ner of Columbun.
This is Catholic and patriotic. The emblem of our faith! our
•country's flag! and the banner held aloft by Columbus when, on
his knees on American soil, he gave thanks to God for the land he
iiad discovered! For a society of Catholics no sentiment can be
more fitting and no name more honored than American Sons of
Columbus.
The first colony was organized in Fort Wayne, and the order
.has now extended over several states. The society is accomplish-
ing the ends its organizer had in mind. The work and the field is
a peculiar one to work in, being confined to a few — the better class
of Catholics. Those whose minds have been broadened by exten-
sive reading .and contact with their fellow-man can see that the
founding of this organization could have been accomplished only
by such a man as P. S. O'Rourke; that its growth must depend
largely on such exertions and energies as he could and would lend
it, but, once thoroughly built up and understood, it would be a
power for good.. The reverend clergy in many cases give it a fos-
tering care, and, with the assistance of more of them, a colony of
the Americon Sons of Columbus would exist in every parish and
the order be as numerous as the Y. M. C. A. and a power for as
much good.
We cannot refrain from giving a letter written by Right Rev.
■Otto Zardetti, bishop of St. Cloud, Minn., after his return from
Rome, in 1892.
St. Cloud, Minn., Dec. 1, 1892.
To the Hon. C. F. McDonald, Noble Admiral of the Colony of the Sons of Colum-
bus in St. Cloud:
The first official public letter which I write since my return from abroad I
desire to direct to my dear Sons of Columbus. Since the idea of starting such a
colony in St. Cloud took shape I have looked with increasing interest upon it as
-(644F
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
my favoriti* society, destined to unite, in mutual love, friendship and assistance, the-
t^ood youn^' men of our iirosperinff city. And, no doubt, it was a good augury that
the colony was started in the great Columbian year. Whenever 1 spoke of start-
ing such a society I always added that eventually they shtjuld make it a point to-
meet, if possible and opportunity would suggest, in banquets, entertainments, etc..
I am delighted to see to-day for the first time, from No. 28 of the Daily Times, that
such a bancpiel took place on the great and menKjrable day of October 22. I can-
not refrain from giving expression to my pleasure at this fact and to compliment
you on Its success. I, furthermore, am desirous to extend my gratitude to the noblt
Sons of Columbus for the initiative steps they took in giving me a cordial welcome
home. May the day not be too far distant that will see realized the hopes of your
noble admiral (upon whose noble sentiments and able direction I wish to congratu-
late the whole colony), in saying: " I hoi)e it to grow and to increase until it could,
have its own hall, reception rooms, reading rooms and places of enjoyment.'"
Believe me yours sincerely,
IOtto, Bishop of St. Cloud.
The sentiments expressed in this letter were gratifying to alT
Sons of Columbus, and to none more than to Hon. P. S. O'Rourke.
The reverend clergy in many cases encouraged young men to join.
The charitable work of the order and its auxiliary, the Daughters
of Isabella, has made many a lonely hearth-stone glad with their
bounteous contributions, and many a home that has been visited
by the death angel has derived consolation in its bereavement
through the i^istrumentality of the American Sons of Columbus.
As there are orders and orders whose alleged object is the same,,
so there are methods and methods by which these objects are
attained. As the Sons of Columbus and its auxiliary are among;
the newest and most recent thought in this field of organization,,
so it can be justly claimed for it as embodying the best and ripest
experience of all; profiting by them — avoiding questionable or un-
practicable methods, and appropriating, without costly and danger-
ous experiments, all that is of genuine worth in the others. As art
order founded on the sublime idea and principle of fraternal
brotherhood, it presents a completeness that few other societies
have attained or even approximated. Its boundaries are broad,
generous and comprehensive, and are a fitting and faithful
expression of the heart and life of its founder.
[For the above sketch of the American Sons of Columbus the
publishers are indebted to W. S. O'Rourke, of Fort Wayne.]
1645),
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
THE CATHOLIC BENEVOLENT LEGION.
The Catholic Benevolent legion is designed to afford Roman
Catholics all the advantages offered by the popular fraternal
societies and best regulated co-operative assessment life insurance
associations. The supreme council was incorporated under the
laws o.f the state of New York, September 5, 1881, and authorized
to transact life insurance business upon the assessment plan. This
body is composed of its charter members and representatives from
state councils; it has power to make its own constitution, and
formulate rules of discipline' and laws for the government of the
entire order. Its members belong to various subordinate councils,
where they must pay dues and assessments, and abide by the laws
in the same manner as the humblest, their membership in the
supreme council being dependent upon their remaining in good
standing in their respective subordinate councils.
Subordinate councils constitute the real groundwork of the
organization and contain all the members of the supreme and state
councils. A subordinate council is desired in every congregation.
The objects of the legion are:
To unite fraternally for social, benevolent and intellectual
improvement, only male Roman Catholics, personally acceptable,
of sound bodily health, between the ages of eighteen and fifty- five
years at the time 9f admission; to afford moral and material aid
to its members and their dependents by establishing a fund for the
relief of its sick and distressed members; to establish a benefit
fund from which, on the satisfactorv evidence of the death of a
member who shall have complied with all its lawful requirements,
a sum not exceeding $5,000 shall be paid to his family or depend-
ents, as such member may have directed. And from which benefit
fund a sum not exceeding $2,500 may be paid to a member who
shall have become permanently disabled from attending to business
or gaining a livelihood, and who, having complied with all its law-
ful requirements, has arrived at the age of expectancy, as fixed by
the printed tables in the laws of the legion.
Prior to September 5, 1881, when the legion was instituted in
the city of Brooklyn, N. Y., Catholics sought in vain for an associa-
<646r
IN TIIK STATE OF INDIANA.
tion which could measure up to their several requirements — the
essentials being a healthful and congenial companionship, perme-
ated by a broad spirit of fraternity, and a system of protection for
the Catholic household, with foundation so securely laid as to dis-
arm all assaults upon its ability and integrity and with cost so
reasonable as to be within the reach of all who might desire to
throw the mantle of protection around their hitherto neglected
homes. The legion fulfills each of these stipulations with rigid
exactness, and membership in the order bestows innumerable
benefits and blessings previously unknown to our people. Although
at times social ostracism and personal estrangement have hung like a
drooping pall over some of our Catholic communities, the legion
supplies the silken cord which binds them together with the utmost
fidelity and imprints upon them the enduring seal of Catholic
love and unity.
But reprehensible as this social disorder may have been, it was
insignificant in its consequences, as compared to the fell vice of
improvidence which existed so conspicuously in our midst, and
which seemed to have descended to our people, as a pestilential
inheritance of former generations. Were proof required to demon-
strate the prevalence of the evil amongst us, we have but to point
to our overflowing orphan asylums, as mute testimonials to the
Catholic father's improvidence, as dread censors of his faithless-
ness to those innocent ones whom God has entrusted to his care.
Or, with equal accuracy, we might indicate the numerous penal
institutions, which deface every quarter of our common country,
as most suggestive monuments which the Catholic fathers of the
past have reared to their stupidity and improvidence.
But what in the past was merely a vice of improvidence,
becomes to-day, in the face of the extraordinary opportunities and
inducements offered by the legion, a positive crime of neglect, for
which only severest censure and reproach can survive in the hearts
of those against whom it is practiced.
All the ills above enumerated may be averted or materially
alleviated by membership in this admirable order, and its doors
are ever open to receive all worthy applicants. None are excluded
who possess the requisites of health and moral acceptability, and
"(647)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
all are eligible to its ranks, without regard to nationality or the
conditions of life. Hence, none should fail to heed the invitation
to become members of the legion, for none can safely afford to do
so. The poor man has no other hope or expectation of providing
for the future of his family, for the meager wages prevailing now
will not admit of any effective fund being accumulated, according
to the established processes of saving, and hence to him the legion
is indispensable. Those who are wealthy should not spurn the
proffered hand of protection, for the opulent of to-day may be the
mendicants of to-morrow. Reverses may come to the best of us.
Riches are proverbially fleeting, and a storm at sea, a destructive
fire, the failure of others, the reversal of the channels of trade,
or the shrinkage of commercial values, may either be the stepping-
stone from affluence to want. Therefore, let none pamper them-
selves with the false idea that they are above the benisons of
mutual insurance.
THE YOUNG MEN's INSTITUTE.
In Catholic circles in Indiana, in common with their co-relig-
ionists in other states, has been felt the necessity for organization
of their young men along the lines of the fraternal societies out-
side the church. It has been found that the various organiza-
tions known among Catholics, aiming at benevolence, national
ties, and other ends, have not been equal to meeting all the
requirements of the day. While good in themselves and exhibiting
flattering results, they nevertheless fail in their ubiquity and unity
which in this generation are demanded.
To meet these requirements, while at the same time affording
all the opportunities and advantages held out by the various local
Catholic societies, the Young Men's institute was organized, in
San Francisco, in 1883. The aims and aspirations of the Young
Men's institute, according to its literature, are to provide an order
or organization in which every acceptable Catholic man may join
and enjoy the benefits of association with, and at the same time
the moral and to a degree the material support of his fellow-
Catholics.
Beside these things, which are all the outside fraternal organ-
(648r
IN THI-: STATE OF INDIANA.
i/.ations can hope to afford, the Young Men's institute holds its
members steadily in the faith, demands of them the faithful per-
formance of all their temporal and spiritual duties; and to these
ends ceases not to encourage the practice of sobriety, morality
and charity.
Sick benefits are provided for, as also insurance if desired; and
the whole tendency of the workings of the organization is to incline
the members to willingly perform the corporal works of mercy and
thereby lift up the young men of the church to a standing in keep-
ing with their faith.
Provision is also made so that each council of the order may
have lectures, a library and reading rooms, gymnasium, reading
circles, debating societies and all athletic sports within the organi-
zation; so that Catholic young men, in indulging their tastes or
ambitions, will not have to walk in harm's way while doing so.
The Young Men's institute has thus far met with a measure
of success far beyond the fondest hopes of its founders; having
received the endorsement of the hierarchy and the clergy of the
Catholic church, its progress is now almost a triumphal march
among Catholics all over the country.
It invited itself to the state of Indiana in 1894, and it has
since then made such progress that at this writing (1898) it has
nineteen councils in existence in our midst, with a membership of
about 1,500. Bishop Chatard has endorsed the organization, and
to his encouragement and sanction it owes much of its present suc-
cess in his diocese. Beside his favoring it in the sense of an
endorsement, he has done much more by accepting membership.
With him in this respect stand Archbishops Riordan, Feehan,
Kain, Elder and Ryan, and also Bishops Maes, O'Hara, Montgom-
ery, Byrne, McFaul and Hoban.
As if to leave nothing undone that might encourage the spread
of the order. Rev. D. O'Connell, rector of the American college at
Rome, by request, secured the endorsement of the Pope. Leo XIII,
and sent to the officials of the Young Men's institute the glad news
that, " His Holiness imparts the desired benediction to the Young
Men's institute." When .Archbishop Satolli was apostolic delegate
to the United States, on being furnished with information as to the
A HISTOKV OF CATHOLICITY
objects and workings of the order, he wrote as follows in commen-
dation of it:
1 have received and read with much pleasure the copy of the constitution
and rules of the Young Men's institute which you kindly sent me. I rejoice at the
noble purpose for which you are united and have formed this association— purpose
so well epitomized in these few words, " Fro Deo, Pro Patria."
I beg you to convey to your society the good wishes which I have for the
spread of their organization, and for their continual prosperity, recommending that
in all their actions they show that deference for ecclesiastical authorities which
becomes good Catholics, and even in their amusements they comi)ly with the rules
of the thi.d plenary council of Baltimore.
Begging upon you and your whole association the special blessing of God, I
remain, dear sir. Yours sincerely in Christ
+FRANC1S, Archbishop Satolli,
Apostolic Delegate.
The national convention of the Atlantic jurisdiction of the
order, as distinct from the Pacific jurisdiction, was held at Indian-
apolis in 1895. This was followed by a unification of the working
departments of the order in the United States and the establish-
ment of local or state jurisdictions. The first and second annual
conventions of the Indiana jurisdiction were held also at Indian-
polis in the years 1896 and 1897, while the third was held at Terre
Haute, in 1898.
The first council of the order organized in the state of Indiana
was Marquette council, No. 195, located at Washington, Daviess
county. Considering its limited territory it is awarded the palm
for the large number of members — almost the entire male portion
of the Catholic community — which has been on its roster in good
standing from the very first.
Brownson council, No. 272, was the first established in the
capital city of the state. William J. Mooney was its first presi-
dent. For a time it was the largest council in the state, but was
finally outstripped in the number of its members by Capital coun-
cil, No. 276. Nearly one-half the membership of the order in
Indiana at this date, 1898, belongs in the five councils at Indian-
apolis. These councils were organized and numbered in the fol-
lowing order: Brownson council. No. 272; Weber council, No.
274; Capital council, No. 276; Wayne council, No. 288, and Quig-
ley council, No. 439.
(650 r
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
The methods of government practiced by the Young Men's
institute need not be detailed here; its aims and the means em-
ployed are all that concerns the reader. Its success, however, is
a matter for rejoicing over — a success in our midst which dates
specially to the establishment of the Indiana jurisdiction in 1896.
To more fully set forth that success, the nineteen councils, already
referred to, are here tabulated, together with the various locations
of the same, and the names of the president and corresponding
secretary of each council for the year 1898:
No. Name. Location. President. Cor. Secretary.
195. Marquette Washington Mathew Burke.. .John E. Crane.
238. Newman Vincennes J. C. Maloney J. B. Shcefers.
262. Unity New Albany Charles Pfeffer . . . Fred. Lamke.
271. Americus Greensburg Hugh Wickens.. .John F. Russell.
272. Brownson Indianapolis J. A. Kebler Jos. Spellmire.
274. Weber " T. E. Brennan James McNulty.
276. Capital " Wm. F. Moore... .C. A. Siinger.
277. Good Will Terre Haute G. W. Hoffman. ..Wm. Heuer.
279. St. Lawrence Muncie .M. D. Flaherty .. .Jerry Gallivan.
287. Madison Madison J.J. Kasper Chas. Hoffman.
288. Wayne Indianapolis M. J. Dugan V. L. Dugan.
292. Seymour Seymour P. J. Conrad V. M. Fettig.
405. Trinity New Albany J. A. Mathews John A. Cody.
439. Rev. W.F.Quigley.. Indianapolis J. \'. Scanlon Wm. C. Delaney.
464. St. Martin's Jasper Henry Pfau G. Grammelspacher.
466. Kutassy Evansville J. F. Schmitz J. L. Goelzhauser.
467. Columbia Rushville M. F. Purceli J.J. Geraghty.
482. Sondermann Lawrenceb'rg. .C. J. Lang C. H. Polking.
497. St. Augustine Huntingburg. . .Wm. Mundy Anton E. Windholt-
It is safe to assert as a fact, which can not be contradicted,
that the Young Men's institute is the only organization established
thus far that comes any way near affording adequate means for
uniting the Catholic young men of America.
(651)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
CHAPTER XVIII.
THE SPANISH INQUISITION NOT A CHURCH INSTITUTION, BUT A
STATE COURT — FALSEHOODS AND MISREPRESENTATIONS PUB-
LISHED BY SO-CALLED HISTORIANS.
T
HE probability is that nine-tenths of the readers of profane his-
tory, more especially Protestant readers, are laboring under
serious misapprehensions and imbued with false ideas in relation to
that hideous court of injustice known as the " Spanish Inquisi-
tion." It was an affair of state, not of church, and this brief
chapter is here interjected in the History of Catholicity in the State
of Indiana, not for the reason that it is a component part of this
history, but that it is an episode which, it is hoped, will do much
toward eradicating from the public mind a wide-pervading preju-
dice against the church imbibed through the reading of the works
of untruthful, reckless or mercenary writers.
The Inquisition was established in 1478, by Ferdinand and
Isabella, then the reigning monarchs of Spain, with the consent, of
course, of Pope Sixtus IV, Spain being a Catholic country and the
approval of the Pope being necessary for the creation of any trial
tribunal in that country — whether civil or ecclesiastical. To quote
the language of the Right Rev. Joseph Dwenger, second bishop of
the diocese of Fort Wayne, in order "to understand the Inquisi-
tion we must know the religion, social and political state of Spain
four centuries ago, toward the close of a war of nearly eight hun-
dred years against the foreign invaders of the country — against the
oppressors of its civil and religious liberty." To further quote
from the same reverend author, who had evidently studied the ques-
tion with a clear and unbiased mind, and had prepared, but a few
years before his lamented death, an exhaustive, yet compendious
(652r
IN THE STATK OK INDIANA.
treatise, so to speak, on this subject, we (]iiotc him, ahnost in full,
in the following paragraphs:
The most important work in modern times regarding the
Spanish Inquisition is the "Critical History of the Spanish Inqui-
sition," in four volumes, by Juan Antonio Llorente. As his work
is so universally followed by a certain class of writers, it may be
well to say something about the author and his work. Llorente
was secretary of the Inquisition in Madrid from 1789 to 1791, and
again connected with it for a short time in 1793. He tells us that
from 1808 to 181 1 the archives of the Inquisition were placed at
his disposal; that he copied papers that had a historical value and
then burned them. These documentar}' extracts give the work its
real value; they are its best refutation. We know that the cases
and documents communicated were selected by an acknowledged
bitter enemy of the Catholic church and of the Inquisition. Aside
from these documentary extracts Llorente 's work is the greatest
tissue of falsehood, conjecture, and contradiction that can be
imagined. He was a man without principle; he tells us that as
early as 1784 he had lost all faith, yet he continued f r years his
priestly functions; in 1795 a liberal, and arrested for plotting the
overthrow of the church and the kingdom, we find him in 1 805 in the
pay of absolute tyranny, writing a book against the constitutional
liberties [the fueros) of the Basque provinces; in 1808, a traitor to
his king and nation, he becomes a servant of Joseph Bonaparte;
although still pretending to be a priest, he is the Thomas Crom-
well of Spain, and at the head of the commission for confiscating
the churches, convents and property of religious orders; and he
loses this place only when accused of stealing and embezzling
1 1,000,000 reals.
After writing the History of the Inquisition we find him trans-
lating a most obscene work, "Adventures of de Faublas," and
giving vent to his bitter enmity against the Catholic church in his
"Political Portraits of the Popes." His statements about Greg-
ory the Great, Gregory VII, and the crusades are the ravings of a
madman; no sane writer has dared to utter such nonsense, how-
ever great his prejudice and bitter hatred. Llorente is an untruth-
ful historian; in spite of the plain statement of Holy Scripture,
"(658)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
he asserts that St. Paul the Apostle was a married man; according
to him, St. Justin wrote before the time of St. Ignatius the Martyr;
he considers the heathen Appollonius of Tyana to be a heretic;
he believes in the exploded fable of Pope Joan; he asserts that
the conflict of Gregory VII was with Henry III instead of Henry
IV; in the history of his own country, at the very time the Inqui-
sition was instituted, he betrays his ignorance by asserting that
Philip the Fair still lived in 1516 and in 1517, although he died ten
ten years before this; he does not know that the Count of Arcos
and the Marquis-Duke of Cadiz, the greatest hero in the conquest of
Granada, was the one and the same personage, Ponce de Leon —
a mistake as great and inexcusable as if a writer on American
history should assert that the President Washington and the Gen-
eral George Washington were two different persons! According
to this author, Bavaria and Russia are among the countries that
became Protestant in the sixteenth century; Russia and the Greek
church would still be united with Rome if Leo X had been more
yielding and lenient! Verily, we would punish a school-boy if he
should make such blunders; but this is the great historical oracle
Llorente! Later on we shall see what reliance we can place on
the number of victims given by him.
In the historians of Spain, especially Mariana, Ferreres,
Zurita, Blancas, and the contemporaries Pulgar, Peter Mart\r,
Bernaldez, Marineo Siculo, and in the authentic public documents,
we have abundant historical material to give us a correct idea of
the Spanish Inquisition. Amongst modern writers, Hefele's "Car-
dinal Ximenes " contains the best and most correct dissertation on
the subject. A modern work of great importance and but little
known was published towards the close of the last century in Ger-
many by the non-Catholic historians Spitler and Reus, viz:
"Reus' Collection of Instructions and Documents concerning the
Spanish Inquisition."
Every church or denomination that has a creed, a discipline,
and a church authority, has also a tribunal, an inquisition or trial,
to preserve the purity of faith, to punish transgressions of disci-
pline. Even amongst the different Protestant denominations we
hear of trials not only for matters of discipline, but also for
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
heresy. The CathoHc church h;is tier well-deiiiied creed, from
which to swerve is heresy or error; her well-known laws of disci-
pline, her regular rulers and judges, the Pope and the bishops of
the church. These judges must take cognizance of any innova-
tion in faith, especially when it is claimed to be )io innovation;
these judges must punish heresy, the known, public and contu-
macious departure from the ancient faith, and apostasy, l)e it
apostasy from faith or from an ecclesiastical religious dignity or
duty. The punishments are the censures of the church, viz:
excommunication, suspension and interdict.
Every Catholic moral theology explains these censures, every
Catholic work on canon law explains the cases when and how
these ecclesiastical punishments ought to be inflicted, what public
penance ought to be done by those who of their own choice desire
to be reconciled with the church. The Catholic church as a
church knows only these ecclesiastical punishments; any other
corporal punishment was the outgrowth of time and the police
regulation of the state. When the Roman emperors became
Christians they could not divest themselves of the idea that in pagan
times they had been high priests, " Pontifex Maximus;" they
occasionally issued edicts on religious matters, mostly against
idolatry, some against heretics, some, by the Arian and other
heretical emperors, against the Catholics. When Priscillian, A.
D., 385, appealed from his ecclesiastical judges, the council of
Bordeaux, to the Emperor Maximus, and was condemned to death,
St. Ambrose and St. Martin of Tours condemned the shedding of
blood for heresy. On the other hand, the Catholics suffered bitter
persecutions from the Arian emperors Constantius and Valens.
from the Goths, and especially from the Arian Vandals in Africa.
Not only during the middle ages was heresy considered a crime
against the state punishable with death; even after the Reforma-
tion it was the law of many Protestant countries, yea, it is found
on the statutes of some of our American colonies. We shall not
expatiate on this unpleasant subject; none have suffered more
from the intolerance of the times than Catholics. A remarkable
fact is that the most liberal and cultured emperor of the middle ages.
Frederick II, a man without faith, should have published the most
(655)
A HISTORY Op- CATHOLICITY
Stringent laws known, and ordered heretics to be burned. (Edict
of Padua, 1239.) It may be pleaded in explanation of these
stringent laws that nearly all heretics commenced with murder
and rapine; they were in most cases really rebels and traitors by
teaching that only they, the elect, had a right to rule or even to
possess property; they were mostly Manichctans who taught and
practiced the most horrible crimes. The war against the Albigenses
and Raymond of Toulouse was more political than religious.
France wanted the sovereignty over the Provence and Languedoc;
Simon Montfort wanted the tiefs and possessions of the richest
prince of that age; and Raymond of Toulouse, a thoroughly bad
man, who had three wives living, provoked and commenced the
war by spoliation and murder. Peter of Aragon, instead of foster-
ing the Inquisition against the Albigenses, as Prescott would have
us believe, fell in the battle of Muret, 12 13, fighting in their favor.
For many centuries the regular courts of the Catholic church
exercised their jurisdiction, and sometimes inflicted ecclesiastical
censures, when toward the end of the fifteenth century a new
court was instituted in Spain by Ferdinand and Isabella. After
the battle of Xeres de la Frontera, 711, when the Gothic kingdom
of Spain was overthrown, the wars of the little Christian remnant
against the Moors were nearly constantly waged; but they had been
only feebly carried on for nearly two hundred years before the time
of Ferdinand and Isabella. Christian Spain was divided into fac-
tions, devastated by civil wars, sons of kings frequently fighting
against their father, brothers against brother; kings were frequently
incapable and immoral.
The two reigns in Castile and Leon before Isabella, John II
and Henry VI, were called the reigns of minors. The only thing
that prevented the entire overthrow of the Christian power in
Spain, and preserved the Christian religion, was that the Moors
were also divided and generally engaged in civil war. At length
all Christian Spain, hitherto divided between many petty kings and
princes, was united under the able rule of Ferdinand and Isabella.
The nation rose to a new life. The wars against the enemies of
their religion and nationality were resumed with the greatest
enthusiasm; the domestic administration was thoroughly reformed,
<656)
IN THE STATE OE INDIANA.
finances placed in better shape, the courts of justice entirely
remodeled; a state of things such as could be found in no other
country was the cause of the institution of that court called the
Spanish Inquisition.
Even if we do not believe in legendary reports, attested by
memorial stones of doubtful authenticity, that the Jews had settled
in Spain during the time of King Solomon, there can be no doubt
that from the time of the Ptolemies, or at least from the first cen-
turies of the Christian era, many Jews lived in Spain. Public
documents, such as public laws and the decrees of councils, prove
to us not only their great numbeis, but also the perhaps unique
fact that here they practiced proselytism to a very great extent.
The council of Elvira, 303-313. canon 16, forbids the frequent
intermarriages with Jews, and also to call on them to bless the
fields. The Third council of Toledo, 589, not only renews the
prohibition of intermarriages,, but also attests that the Jews were
largely engaged in the slave-trade and circumcised their slaves by
force. The Fourth council of Toledo, 633, forbids that Jews be
forced to become Christians. Canon 57 and canon 59 say that
many outwardly Christians were secretly Jews. At the end of the
seventh century, when northern Africa was already conquered by
the Saracens, the Jews of Spain entered with them into a con-
spiracy to overthrow the Gothic kingdom. This was discovered
by King Egica, the Saracens were driven back this time, and not
all the Jews, as Prescott tells us, but only those who were found
actually guilty of treason and rebellion, were sentenced to slavery,
as we learn from the Eighth canon of the Seventeenth council of
Toledo.
During the reign of the Saracens, the Jews in Spain acquired
wealth, power, influence, and office; they had flourishing schools
and colleges in Granada, Cordova, Toledo and Barcelona. Espe-
cially in natural sciences, they had men of universal fame; in fact,
in Spain the Jews acquired a culture and possessed an influence
which they reached in no other part of the world. Although the
religious wars against the Moors frequently brought the Jews in
danger, as many saw in them foes more dangerous than the
Saracens, yet, protected by such Popes as Alexander II and
39 -((357)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
Gregory VII, they acquired even in christian Spain, especially
from the time of Alphonsus X, the astrologer, an influence, a
power, that was quite exceptional. Medicine and pharmacy were
almost entirely in their hands. We meet them as ministers of
finance and favorites of kings; they had their own judges, and
were judged by their own laws; like grandees and noblemen, they
could be arrested and imprisoned only by the express mandate of
the king; they were, as the liberal cortes of 1812 declared, a nation
within a nation.
From a public address of Peter the Venerable of Clugny, we
learn that for a time at least a law existed that stolen goods, even
sacred vessels of the churches, if found in the hands of Jews could
not be recovered, nor could they be forced to reveal the thief.
When we remember that during the national wars the Jews nearly
always sided with the Moors; that in Castile, during the war
between Peter the Cruel and Henry II, they sided with the
former; that the able and good King Henry III was poisoned by
his Jewish physician; that in 1473 the Jews entered into a con-
spiracy to gain possession of Gibraltar — we can understand that
occasional reaction set in, local riots and massacres took place,
especially in Navarre.
There existed also in Spain a large number of persons, out-
wardly and professedly Christians, who secretly were Jews or
inclined to Judaism. These Maranos, or Christian Jews, were
exceedingly numerous; we are told that when the Inquisition was
established in Seville, and proclamation was made that all who
were guilty should come forward, acknowledge their faults, and if
penitent be absolved and escape punishment, 17,000 came for-
ward and were absolved. In the same manner 5,000, when the
court of Inquisition was held in Toledo. These Maranos insinu-
ated themselves into the highest offices, not only in the state, but
even in the church. Thus we have the example of Peter Aranda,
Catholic bishop of Calahorra at the time the Inquisition was insti-
tuted, who by lOi witnesses, called by him for his defense to
Rome, was unanimously proven to be secretly a Jew. They
intermarried with the first families of the land, and actually used
their whole wealth and influence to make all Spain a Jewish king-
(H5«)
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
dom. That a most intense Jewish propaganda was carried on at
the time of Ferdinand and Isabella is a fact admitted by all his-
torians, even by I^lorente in a former work, and also their connec-
tion with the Moors when Mahometan power was anything but
dead. It was especially against these Maranos that the inquisition,
was instituted. The general opinion is that Ferdinand and Isa-
bella obtained the consent of Pope Si.xtus IV for the erection of
this religious and political court, November i, I47(S. Bernaldez
and Zuniga, contemporary historians, mention the year 1480.
Pulgar also seems to indicate this. Certain it is that the first
court of the Inquisition at Seville was only organized January 2,
1481; and if determined upon in 1478, milder means, viz.,
instruction and preaching, were used for the space of two years to
bring back the apostates. Llorente's assertion that the Papal
Nuncio Nicolo Franco favored the institution of the Inquisition,
may be doubted. From the diplomatic documents on the Inqui-
sition published by Reus and Spitler, it is evident that Sixtus IV
was so opposed to this peculiar court, that he reluctantly con-
sented only when a total rupture of diplomatic intercourse was
threatened. Prescott refers this difficulty to the appointment of a
bishop; the docanients show that the Inquisition was the main
cause. It is not probable that the papal legate would favor what
the Pope so bitterly opposed. Prescott's assertion that Queen
Isabella was at first reluctant is certainly false, because all the
Papal briefs regarding the institution of the Inquisition are
answers to the queen's letter; it was instituted in her kingdom; all
the judges of the first court at Seville, as well as Torquemada,
were her subjects; and we know how jealously she guarded her
right of governing her kingdom, especially in matters relating to
religion.
For a long time prior to the institution of the Inquisition,
nearly every cortes of Castile and Leon had detnanded that some
steps should be taken to guard the state against the Maranos; the
most outspoken, the most emphatic, in this demand was the cortes
of Toledo in 1 480, and we shall not be mistaken if we take the
institution of the Inquisition in 1481 as an answer to this demand.
Ferdinand and Isabella appointed as the first judges of the Inquisi-
(659)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
tion Michael Murillo and Juan Martin, Dominicans, with two secular
priests, Juan Ruiz and Juan Lopez del Barca; its full and complete
organization it acquired two years later, when Thomas Torquemada
was appointed grand inquisitor of Spain, and published a full .code
of laws, instructions and mode of procedure — the so-called statute
of Valladolid.
The first inquisitors of Seville commenced their official career
January 2, 1481, by publishing two decrees or edicts; in the first
they enumerated several signs by which the apostasy of a pretended
Christian to Judaism could be known; in the second they appointed
a period of grace, calling on all who knew themselves guilty of
apostasy to present themselves and do penance, when they would
be absolved and escape all severe punishment. In regard to the
first decree, Llorente indignantly remarks that the twenty-two
signs enumerated would at present not be considered valid grounds
for suspicion. Prescott copies Llorente. Fortunately Llorente
gives us the edict in full (Vol. I, pages i 54-158), and refutes himself
most conclusively. Even one born of christian ancestry, and much
more one of Jewish descent, would be justly suspected of apostasy
to Judaism if he showed the signs and observed the Jewish ritual
in the manner indicated. Prescott, omitting the more weighty
signs, is guilty of verv nonsensical twaddle, noting as one of the
signs the Hebrew names given to the children, stating that by a law
of Henry H they were forbidden to give their children christian
names. The Spanish laws were never guilty of such silly contra-
diction; one law applies to the Christians, the other to the Jews.
In fact Prescott and a large class of writers cannot make the
distinction between Jews and those who were baptized and professed
to be Christians and apostatized secretly to Judaism. No Jew,
and afterward no Mahometan, was amenable to the Spanish
Inquisition for being a Jew or a Mahometan; only apostasy from
the embraced or professed Christian religion was punishable. Pres-
cott calls the edict announcing a period of grace and calling upon
the penitent to confess and be absolved as delusive, and speaks of
the tines, confiscations of property, and perpetual imprisonment
of those who so confessed. This is downright falsehood — an asser-
tion contrary to all proof and reason.
1 600)
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
Llorente tells us in one place that the court of IiK]uisition of
Seville for that city and Andalusia the first year condemned tw(j
thousand persons to death, quoting the celebrated Spanish histo-
rian, Mariana. Both Mariana and Pulgar state that till the end of
Torquemada's administration (1498) about two thousand were
condemned to death. In another place Llorente gives 298 as the
victims of Seville (148 1), and to carry on the lie attributes the
other 1702 to Cadiz; but he forgets that he himself admits that up
to 1483 only one court, viz, that of Seville, existed. We kn<nv
also from public documents, such as the bull of Sixtus IV, that the
court of Seville was instituted for the whole kingdofii of Castile and
Leon.
Thomas Torquemada, prior of the Dominican convent of
Segovia, was made grand inquisitor in 1483, first of Castile and
Leon, and in October of the same year also for Aragon. Tribunals
were elected this year in Seville, Cordova. Jaen, and Villa Real,
soon afterward transferred to Toledo. Shortly afterward there
were twelve tribunals of the Inquisition in Spain — seven in the
former kingdom of Castile and Leon, and five in Aragon.
Modern historians of any note, like Ranke, Leo, Guizot, Le-
normant, yea, even Llorente, admit that the Spanish Inquisition
was a political and state institution, not a religious institution of
the Catholic church. The judges were not the ordinary judges of
the Catholic church; they were appointed, suspended, and removed
by the king, as the liberal cortes of 1812 tell us; all the laws and
statutes were published in the name of the king; all the fines and
confiscations went to the royal exchequer. When Cardinal Xim-
enes objected to one of the lay judges, King Ferdinand the Catholic
curtly remarked: " It is the king from whom he has his jurisdic-
tion and authority." Llorente's attempted prosecution of Charles
V and Philip II by the Inquisition is a myth. The cjuestion was
raised in Rome whether Charles V, then at war with Paul I\', was
not favoring the heretics in Germany. Rome later on expressed
the opinion that the royal theologian, Melchior Canus, not Philip,
should be prosecuted; but the king forbade it.
The fact that quite a number of these judges were ecclesiastics
does not prove that the Inquisition was a religious court. We
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
know that Sir Thomas More was the first layman who held the
office of grand chancelor of England. Up to that time England's
supreme judge was always an ecclesiastic; it was the rule of the
middle ages, for evident reasons, to select the judges from the
ecclesiastical state. The Spanish Inquisition, instead of being a
monument of the religious despotism of the Roman pontiffs, was,
according to Ranke, always opposed by the Popes whenever they
could do so. The Inquisition was instituted hardly one year when
Sixtus IV, January 29, 1482, declared that his consent was obtained
by false representations; that only the general plan had been
exposed to him; that the Inquisitions of Seville had acted cruelly
and unjustly, and that he now refrained from punishing them with
ecclesiastical censures on account of Ferdinand and Isabella.
Prescott's statement that the compunction of the Pope was but
transient, that he shortly afterwards quieted the scruples of the
O-ueen respecting the appropriation of confiscated property, that
he urged the sovereigns to proceed, etc., is not historic truth.
Llorente gives us the Papal briefs spoken of, namely, 29th Jan-
uary, 23d February, and 2d August, 1483. In the brief of January
29, he declares that he believes the assertion of the Queen that she
persecutes heresy, or rather apostasy, not on account of financial
gain; he praises the ecclesiastical Inquisition of Sicily, and not the
state Inquisition of Spain; he refuses his approbation to the exten-
sion of the Inquisition as asked by the Queen, st iting that the old'
ecclesiastical episcopal courts were sufficient.
February 23, the Pope appointed Don Inigo Manrique, arch-
bishop of Seville, to receive appeals from the sentence of the
Inquisitors in matters of heresy; and as all this was not sufficient,
in the brief of August 2, he complains that as appeals to said arch-
bishop were often hindered, he would himself hear appeals. He
warns most earnestly against too great severity; he receives under
his protection those that are penitent; he demands their pardon,
even if they had allowed the period of grace to transpire; he
demands from the sovereigns that the property of the penitent
should not be confiscated. If a temporal prince or government
had published such a humane, mild edict, Llorente would not have
found enough words of praise. From this time on the Pope fre-
IN THE STATE Ol' INDIANA.
quently received appeals, and (jftcn directly absolved or ordered
the secret absolution of penitent apostates in order to preserve
their honor and property; thus even Llorente mentions five Papal
decrees of absolution in the year i486; each of the four first ordered
the absolution of lifty penitents. We know not how many in vir-
tue of the fifth decree, but we do know that the Pope at one time
absolved two hundred and fifty victims of the Spanish state Inqui-
sition in Rome, and all the terrible penance they had to do was to
visit some churches and say some prayers. Llorente mentions a
large number of cases in which Julius II and Leo X received
appeals, granted special judges, restrained the severity of the Inqui-
sition, granted pardons, etc.; and certainly Llorente, who hates
the Pope as the devil does the cross, does not present the thing in
too favorable a light.
From the foregoing it will be readily preceived that the Pope
received appeals because heresy and apostasy were religious mat-
ters, pertaining to him; Ferdinand and Isabella demanded that
every appeal should be to the state courts. So pronounced was
the opposition of the Pope to the Spanish Inquisition, that as early
as 1498 Ferdinand and Isabella decreed banishment and confisca-
tion of property against any one who should appeal to Rome; in
1509 Ferdinand decreed even death against any one who should
procure a brief or bull against the Inquisition. Leo X excom-
municated all the members of the tribunal of Toledo for their
severity (15 19); he demanded that false witnesses should be pun-
ished, and, in some cases, even be put to death; he declared the
Inquisition to be a great evil. Gregory XIII was the greatest pro-
tector of the Moriscos. Paul III protected those who opposed its
introduction in the kingdom of Naples. Pius IV and his great-
nephew, St. Charles Borromeo, resisted its introduction in Milan —
then subject to Spain.
Llorente openly admitted that the Popes were always opposed
to the Spanish Inquisition, whilst the kings of Spain always favored
it. The case of Bartholomew Carranza, archbishop of Toledo and
primate of all Spain, is celebrated in history. Arrested in 1557 in
Valladolid by the Inquisition at the command of Philip II, he was
kept eight years in prison for no reason but the royal displeasure.
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A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
notwithstanding the energetic protest of the council of Trent, then
in session, to whose petition Paul IV declared that he had com-
manded every nuncio sent to Spain to demand the liberation of
Carranza.
There can be no doubt that the Spanish Inquisition was
emphatically a state institution; all historians of note admit this.
In order to understand the real true aim of this political state tri-
bunal, we should bear in mind the political condition of Spain.
It is a very common opinion that the mediaeval age was the time
of absolute rule of sovereigns; that as we approach modern times
the liberties of the people increased. This is not true with regard
to the middle ages; the beginning of the modern age was the
growth of absolutism. The old Gothic institutions in Spain were
kept up during the middle ages; the royal power was very much
limited by the cortes, composed of the nobility, clergy, and the
representatives of cities; every kingdom in Spain was essentially
and thoroughly a constitutional monarchy. Nearly a hundred
years before England had its parliament, Spain had its cortes.
Nearly every city had its charter. The nobility as well as the
higher clergy had gained such power, wealth, privileges, that roy-
alty was powerless to oppose them. A noble of the first class had
under certain circumstances a legal right to wage war even against
his king. The archbishop of Toledo, the grand masters of the
three military orders, several of the nobility, had a greater income
and could raise a greater army than the king; this was especially
the case at the beginning of the reign of Ferdinand and Isabella,
owing to the incapacity, weakness, and extravagance of the pre-
ceding reigns. In no country of Europe was the royal power so
weak and circumscribed as in Spain. When, therefore, national
as well as religious feeling clamored for a new tribunal against the
Maranos, sharp, shrewd, and far-seeing Ferdinand saw his oppor-
tunity; a new court was instituted, apparently sacred in its char-
ter, upheld by the national and religious feeling of the Spanish
nation, the warlike descendants of the brave and warlike Goths;
a court entirely in the hands of the crown, to which every one
was subject who had hitherto claimed immunity or privilege — every
bishop as well as the highest noble. The great Protestant histo-
(fi64)
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
rian Ranke, in his " Princes and People," expresses this pohtical
aim of the Inquisition so well, that we translate and give his
words: " In the first place, the judges of the Inquisition were
royal of^cers. The king had the right to nominate and to dismiss
them; among the different councils of the royal cabinet was a
council of the Inquisition; like every other branch of government,
the tribunals of the Inquisition were subject to royal visitation and
revision; in it frequently the same men were associate judges who
composed the supreme court of Castile. ■• '•• " Secondly, all profits
derived from the confiscations ordered by this court went to the
king. * '■• •■• The proceeds of these fines and confiscations formed
a regular revenue of the royal exchequer. * '" '^' Thirdly, in it
state government received its full completion; the king had in his
hands a court from which no grandee, no archbishop, could claim
exemption. This was especially remarked by foreigners. The
Inquisition, as Segni says, is instituted to strip the rich of their
wealth, the mighty of their power. When Charles V knows no
other way or means to punish the bishops who had taken part in
the revolt of the Communidads, he orders them to be judged by
the Inquisition. When Philip II despairs of every other means of
punishing his former prime minister, Antonio Perez, he makes use
of the Inquisition. As this court is based upon royal authority,
its actions are in the interest of royal power. ""' * ''^ In its con-
ception and aim the Inquisition is primarily a political institution.
The Pope has an interest to oppose it; he does so as often as he
can; the king has an interest always to support it."
These words of Leopold Ranke are very true. It is true of the
Spanish Inquisition what the edict of Joseph I says of Portugal,
" that the Inquisition was also instituted to judge civil cases of the
privileged classes." Hence the remarkable fact, that whilst the
Inquisition was exceedingly popular with the masses of the people,
it was bitterly opposed by the bishops and the higher nobility. In
Aragon more than in any other kingdom or province of Spain an
independent liberal spirit prevailed, and the absolute power of the
king was opposed; the ecclesiastical inquisition of the Catholic
church was endured without a murmur; yet when (1485) Ferdinand
attempted to introduce the new state Inquisition, the first inquis-
(665)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
itor, Don Pedro Arbues de Epila, although called by all contem-
porary writers a saintly, learned and mild man — not a monk — was
murdered bythe higher nobility. The assertion of Prescott that these
higher nobles were descendants of Jewish families is entirely ground-
less; he forgets that all contemporary writers state that there were
very few Jews in the kingdom of Aragon; in fact, in all Aragon
they had only thirteen synagogues (nineteen in 1428); it was not
because they were Maranos and inclined to Judaism, but because
they saw in it a political lever to attain absolute power that they
opposed it. This explains also why the Marquis of Pombal, so bit-
terly opposed to the Jesuits, was a friend of the state Inquisition; in
fact, it was this tribunal he used for their expulsion and for the
murder of P. Malagrida.
Because the Inquisition was most intimately connected with
an absolute form of government it was doomed to fall with abso-
lutism. Briefly and concisely this is expressed in the decree of the
Spanish cortes, 18 13: "The Inquisition is incompatible with the
constitution." When, at the return of Ferdinand VH, 1814, the
constitution was abolished, the Inquisition was restored; when, 1820,
a constitution was proclaimed, the Inquisition was abolished for
the last time. The Inquisition stood and fell with political abso-
lutism.
It seems to be a very common opinion that the fines and con-
fiscations of the Inquisition went entirely, or at least in part, to
enrich the church. This is far from the truth — the church never
received a cent. The whole amount went into the royal treasury.
At first, under the plea of devoting it to the Holy War against the
Moslems, Ferdinand even asked the Pope to allow the clergy
employed by the Inquisition to retain their benefices; later on he
made the additional demand that in every cathedral chapter one
benefice should be given to the Inquisition. Even the inquisitors
had no interests, received no moiety of these fines; they had a fixed
salary, often but poorly paid. It was the constant complaint of
the Spanish king, that the Pope, by receiving appeals, by granting
secret absolution, etc., defrauded the Spanish treasury.
The fact that all confiscated property went to the royal treas-
ury explains the singular custom of the Spanish Inquisition of bring-
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
ing suit for heresy and apostasy against persons dead and already
judged by God, and, when convicted, burning them in effigy; it
was to confiscate the property for the king. The Popes very often
interfered in such cases.
The first victims of the Inquisition were, as stated, the
Maranos — not Jews, but apostate Chr stians, either descendants of
converted Jews or gained over to Judaism through the active
propaganda then carried on. Their number was greatly increased
when, March 31, 1492, the well-known edict was published by
Ferdinand and Isabella, banishing all Jews from Spain in the short
space of four months. Although the conspiracy of the Jews and
Maranos, of Toledo, to massacre the Christians of that city on
Corpus Christi, 1485, is a historical fact, although there may have
been other excesses, no excuse existed for the cruel decree, much
less the cruel restrictions to the short time of four months, and to
the conversion of their property. Not 800,000, as Llorente lies,
but 100,000 according to the detailed census of Fereras, or at
most 160,000 souls — 30,000 to 35,000 families, according to Pres-
cott, quoting Bernaldez — left Spain, many suffering untold hard-
ships, many perishing. Many remained, or returned, and at least
outwardly became Christians.
The Moriscos, or converted Moslems, were treated with far
greater mildness by the Inquisition. Granada fell in 1492. After
the revolt of the Abaycim, the Alpuxarras, especially the bloody
revolt and slaughter of the Sierra Vermejo, all Moslems of these
districts, who did not become Christians, were banished from Spain;
the same decree was extended to all southern provinces shortly
afterward, while in the northern provinces they were not molested;
nearly all became Christians. Considering the many bloody insur-
rections, the intimate religious, family, and tribal relations of the
Moors of Spain with those of northern Africa since the time of the
Amoravides and Almohades, we cannot call this a cruel or unjust
decree; the terrible battles of Bajados, Ucles. Alcaros and Naves
de Tolosa were still remembered. We have the public declaration
of these Moriscos, made in 1524 to the fifth Grand Inquisitor Man-
rique, " that they had always been treated kindly and protected
by the Inquisition." It is certain that till the latter part of the
1667)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
reign of Philip II they were never put to death, although they had
repeatedly apostatized. A special law also decreed that their
property should not be confiscated; in all cases it had to be pre-
served for their children. Torture, also, was not allowed.
The Inquisition had a far more extensive jurisdiction than is
generally supposed; it is a great error to consider the victims of
the Inquisition poor heretics who died for their honest convictions.
If we except the Maranos, very few indeed were sentenced to the
stake for heresy or apostasy; by far the greatest number were
sentenced for other crimes. Even Llorente gives us documentary
proof that the Inquisition was the regular state court in the follow-
ing cases: ist. It had exclusive jurisdiction over all its officials
and servants in all cases. When we remember that these for some
time numbered 25,000, and that it was inexorable death if any of
these were guilty of the least immorality with a female prisoner, it
requires no stretch of imagination to understand that quite a num-
ber of victims were officers and servants of the Inquisition. 2d.
It had jurisdiction over all crimes connected with the Inquisition;
for example, the murderers of the Inquisitor Arbues, the revolt in
Cordova led by the Marquis of Priguas, releasing the prisoners of
the Inquisition, false witnesses testifying before the Inquisition.
3d. All unnatural crimes against morality. All over Europe these
crimes were punished by death; generally the guilty ones were
sentenced to the stake. 4th. All cases of bigamy. All over
Europe these were punished by death.
The intercourse and association with the Mahometans made
this crime more prevalent in Spain than in any other Christian
country; thus, for example, in the auto-de-fe at Murcia, 1560,
seven were burned for bigamy; in 1563, thirteen; and a number at
nearly every auto-de-fe. 5th. All bad priests and confessors.
6th. All imposters who exercised sacerdotal functions; all who
falsely pretended to be officers of the Inquisition. 7th. All blas-
phemy, stealing, or embezzling church property, usury, even
smuggling goods contraband of war. 8th. All imposters who
pretended to be saints and work miracles; for instance, Magdalene
of the Cross. 9th. All witches and sorcerers. Many who were
executed for witchcraft, especially in the seventeenth century,
(668)~
IN Till-: STATE OF INDIANA,
were innocent; the rack extorted confessions that were not true;
in cases of possession, obsession, and vexation by the devil, many
made absolutely false assertions in declaring that they were
bewitched. It cannot be denied that the deliberate intention to
make a compact with the devil, the deliberate signing with one's
own blood or such a compact, was criminal intent — was a crime.
When we bear in mind that all witches thought it their duty to
hurt others, and were in nearly all aittluiitic cases guilty of mur-
der by poisoning, we cannot declare a court unjust which upon
full proof punishes according to the criminal law of the time such
criminal intent and attempt, but this full proof was often wanting.
In Salem, Mass., 1692, twenty persons lost their lives, one hun-
dred and fifty were imprisoned, and two hundred more were
accused, as a craze and deception starting from acaseof obsession.
In England, during the Long parliament, three thousand witches
were executed; in Essex and Suffolk, in two years, two hundred.
In Scotland, according to a letter of Howell to Lord Spencer, on
an average seven persons were daily executed as witches during
the civil wars of the Long parliament. Barrington and other writ-
ers give the number of witches executed in England and Scotland
from the twentieth of Henry M to 1736 as thirty thousand — as
many victims as Llorente claims for the Spanish Inquisition, for
all causes combined, during a longer period of existence. , We
must, however, bear in mind that England and Scotland had only
a population of three to four million. Spain and her colonies more
than three times that number. The last witch burned was in a
Protestant canton in Switzerland in 1782. As to the burning of
witches Spain will compare very favorably with other countries.
The Jesuit Frederick Spee was the first to write against the burn-
ing of witches, seventy years before the Protestant Thomasius.
lOth. The Inquisition had also jurisdiction in cases of forgery of
public documents and counterfeiting the money of the realm; the
punishment for both crimes was death in all European countries.
We must bear in mind that the criminal code of the three preced-
ing centuries was far more severe than at present; thus in England
the theft of one shilling was grand larceny and punishable with
(669)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
imprisonment and death; the theft of one sheep has often been
punished with death in England.
Even if we should admit the number of victims of the Inqui-
sition during the three hundred and thirty years of its existence to
be 30,000, and deduct from this number all those who suffered
death on account of the crimes mentioned, the number of those
burned for hersey will be found to be exeedingly small. But then
the number given by Llorente is not correct; we have already seen
that he gives the number of the first tribunal of Seville as 2,000,
when in another place he admits that it was only 298 — a nearly
sevenfold exaggeration. During the time of Torquemada, until
1498, he gives in one place 10,200, in another 8,800; according
to the historians and documents he quotes, the true number was
about 2,000— a more than fourfold exaggeration. Llorente him-
self tells us that his numbers are mere guesswork, and not based
on documentary proof; thus he pretends to have some reason to
believe that the tribunal of Seville from 1482 to 1488 annually
condemned eighty-eight persons to death; when three provincial
tribunals were established he guesses that each condemned about
half that number; when these tribunals increased to the number of
twelve, he still assigned to each the same number of victims; for
the five tribunals in the kingdom of Aragon he assigns the same
amount of Maranos burned at the stake, forgetting altogether that
very few Jews or Maranos were found in Aragon, Cataluna, or
Gallicia— where there were only thirteen synagogues. He admits
that Cardinal Ximenes softened the Inquisition, deposed cruel, bad
of^ficials, like Lucero, inquisitor of Cordova, that he pardoned many,
etc. ; yet he computes as many victims annually burned as under
Torquemada and Deza. He computes the same number of victims
under the mild Hadrian, and under the still milder Manrique.
Truth compels us to say that the procedure of the Inquisition was
not so cruel as writers of romance would make us believe. A
period of grace was always announced — often a second and some-
times a third, as in Toledo when the tribunal was established there;
even if all these periods of grace had been allowed to pass by,
young persons under twenty were received and absolved. These
periods of grace gave those who knew themselves guilty an opportu-
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA.
nity to save themselves and their property by llight, (jr by obtaining
absolution. Deza, considered to be the cruelest f^rand inquisitor,
gave the order that no one should be arrested for blasphemy uttered
in the heat of passion — a rule more mild than in other countries;
no one could be arrested unless good testimony against him existed
and was presented.
The unanimous consent of all the judges of the tribunal was
required to order an arrest, otherwise the case had to be referred
to the supreme tribunal. The prisons of the Inciuisition in Spain
were far better than those of any other country of Europe at that
time; many sentenced to imprisonment were sent to convents to
be instructed and to do ecclesiastical penance. Sometimes their
ow^n house and home was their prison. The accuser had to take
an oath that he was not led by hatred and malice, and a false oath
was severely punished. Leo X demanded the death penalty; in
Toledo, I 559, false witnesses received 400 lashes and were sent to
the galleys for four years. It is true the name of the accuser was
not given, but this was to prevent Spanish revenge; it was only law
when the accused was a powerful noble or prelate. P>ut then the
accused could name his enemies, whose testimony was then
entirely invalid; he could demand a change of venue from one or
all the judges of a tribunal, and the supreme tribunal had to send
other judges; the proceedings had to be communicated to him
twice. Llorente gives us examples where witnesses for the defense
were brought from as far as America to Spain. It is true the rack
was used in Spain; but it was also in all countries of Europe, and
later in England than in Spain. In Spain it could be used only
once, and in the presence of two priests not belonging to the
Inquisition. In the Tower of London the rack, scavenger's daugh-
ter, thumbscrews, used as instruments of torture in times past, are
still on exhibition, to which even women were subjected, and which
were not abolished till 1772 (12th, George III). Massachusetts, also,
had its witchcraft trials: Giles Coag, eighty years old, was pressed
to death.
A ghastly picture is generally formed of an auto-de-fe. We
recall to mind Prescott's description of it: A grand human holo-
caust conducted with the utmost splendor; a grand procession
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
— bishops, priests, all the nobility, yea, even royalty, pres-
ent; then so many hundred victims at each auto-de-fe, and of
course it is taken for granted that all were burned, the Spaniards
sitting around enjoying the groans, and sniffing like sweet perfume
the smell of the burning flesh. It is but fiction and not historic
truth. True, an auto-de-fe was always celebrated with great sol-
emnity and pomp; true, there were often many hundred " victims,"
but nothing was burned but the candle the penitent carried in his
hand. Thus, at an auto-de-fe in Toledo, February 12, i486, there
were 750 " victims:" not one was sentenced to death — to nothing
more than an ecclesiastical penance. At a second, 900 " victims,"
and not one sentenced to death; again 750, and yet again 950;
not one was burned. Prescott speaks of 3,327 judged in little more
than a year in one tribunal; but he forgets to add that of this large
number only twenty-seven, mostly criminals who conspired to mur-
der Christians of Toledo in 1485, were sentenced to death. An
auto-de-fe was a solemn publication of the sentence of the Inquisi-
tion. Out of the hundreds of " victims " the majority were
declared innocent; a great many received absolution; some were
sentenced to ecclesiastical penance or imprisonment, endured often
.in the best convents, or even in their own houses and homes; some-
times, but rarely, a few, mostly guilty of the crimes mentioned
above, were handed over to the lay judges of the Inquisition with
a recommendation to mercy, and generally these few were executed
the next day. It was the custom to strangle them before they
were burned — a custom far more humane than the English drawing
and quartering.
In regard to the san benito (blessed sackcloth) and the
penance, used in the auto-de-fe ceremony, it was the universal
custom in the church to do penance in a coarse garment — sack-
cloth— which was blessed, and had a different color in differ-
ent countries: in Spain it was yellow. In the middle ages it
was not expected to do penance in grand uniform, m silk and
satin; neither was it considered a disgrace to do penance. The
great Emperor Theodosius did public penance in sackcloth; so
did Henry IV., Henry III, and Henry III of Germany; Louis
the Saint, of France, often performed, voluntarily, public pen-
IN Till': STATE Oi' INDIANA.
ance, yea, even allowed himself t(j b3 scourged by his father
confessor. Nobody saw in it a disgrace; oiil}- the piety of the
prince was admired. Llorente gives us examples of members of
the royal family wearing the san benito and receiving absolution,
as, for instance, Prince James of Aragon; of some who were thus
absolved and yet so little disgraced that they intermarried with the
highest nobility, yea, even with the royal family; of some who had
been absolved de gravi and afterward attained the highest offices
in the church as well as in the state.
It is painful for a man of honor and truth to see the false-
hoods written about the Inquisition; it is still more painful to be
made accountable for all real and imagined evils of the Spanish
state Inquisition, when the popes and bishops were constantly
fighting it during the whole time of its existence.
It can only be added here that this admirable digest by Bishop
Dwenger of the Spanish Inquisition should set at rest forever the
false and injurious impressions relating to it that rest in the minds
of the uninformed.
((>73)
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
CHAPTER XIX.
RETROSPECT, SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION THE SPIRITUAL, EDUCA-
TIONAL AND MATERIAL PROGRESS OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN
THE STATE OF INDIANA IS ONE GLOWING FACT.
IN the preceding chapters, the first and second excepted, since
they are general in their scope, the writers have attempted to
plainly and simply recount the greater number, if not all, of the
principal facts and events connected with the existence of the
Catholic church in the state of Indiana, especially during the past
sixty-four years.
They have not, it is true, employed the old-time fine-toothed
rake with which to collect their information. There was no need
for this close scraping. They preferred to leave minor details and
the little things to those who have a taste for trifles. The best
reason for their choosing so to do is the generally accepted rule
that while great and prominent men are the chief actors in all the
dramas that are written and called history, their every act is by no
means worthy of record. Moreover, if all were recorded that
great and good men in state and church have said and done, their
greatness and goodness might, to a degree, vanish in the estimation
of the reader, if not of the writer. It were well, therefore, to con-
sider the fact that history has reference principally to humans and
human affairs.
While cautious and choice as to this matter, the authors have
also been careful as to the order in which they have tried to pre-
sent that matter. It will be seen that they have not adopted any
arbitrary arrangement that might be in conflict with the natural
current of events — with the order of the facts. They commenced
IN THli STATE OF INDIANA.
with the first tangible beginning, and have kept botli the starting
point and the material in view all the way through.
Nevertheless, what they have deemed worthy of setting down
and preserving may not include all the facts and events that others
would pass upon as meriting attention, were they engaged in the
preparation of this history. Indeed, the authors do not hope that
each critic, whether lay or cleric, will in every instance unqualifiedly
endorse their judgment or their methods. It would be unreasonable
to expect this. But having gathered together and piled up in mound-
shape, so to speak, what they believe to be the most important
facts, they would, in company with their readers, stand apart, afar
off, and survey the things garnered and also the field.
Isaias, prophetically speaking of the Church of Christ, refers
to it as a mountain upon the top of mountains, exposed to the gaze
of all nr^tions, and impossible to be hidden. The prophet's
figurative idea holds respecting that same Church of Christ to-day
in the limited territory of the commonwealth of Indiana. It can-
not be overlooked or hidden It is the most important and prom-
inent institution in the state. It is older than the state. It
is above the state. It conserves the state. It loves the
state. The oneness of the Catholic church makes it specially
distinct from the diversified and discordant organizations which
assume to be Christian churches, but which are exotics in the vine-
yard. Its teachings are singularly in contrast with those of the
sects touching not only the mysteries and sacraments, but also the
question of divorce, which glaring immorality would appear to be
epidemic in our midst. The court records afford the proofs.
An instance of unusual note is the case of a prominent Indian-
apolis wholesale merchant who was divorced from his wife; having
procured a new one, he went to his church the following Sunday,
only to find that' his former wife had likewise remarried and become
the wife of a prominent physician, also a member of the congregation.
The children of these divorced parents were not present to complete
the scene, but the preacher who united and reunited them in the
" holy bonds of matrimony " was in the prayer-box, Bible in hand, as
if anxious to furnish material for the back-ground. There is no
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A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
record f^oing to show that this minister selected for his text the words,
" He that marrieth her that is put away also committeth adultery."
Some people find it easy enough to forgive Martin Luther for
fi"-hting the Pope and the Catholic church in an effort to make
religion easier to practice, and therefore to bring heaven just out-
side the garden' gate. There are those, too, who do not find it
difficult to overlook the intensity, severity and unchristian bitter-
ness, even to the point of no mercy, that characterized John Cal-
vin and his Scotch disciple, John Knox. Others also are numer-
ous who overlook doctrine and truth and reason while contemplat-
ing the long-facedness of John Wesley and the sanctimoniousness of
all the old " Reformers," and those of their modern representatives.
But when men come to regard the terrible effects, traceable to the
"Reformation '" and the reformers as their cause — effects seen in
the throwing of the reins on passion's neck; in the granting of
divorce by courts and the sanctioning of it by society; in the
prevalence of irreligion and the grossest immorality and dishonesty
they begin to look up to the " Mountain on the top of mount-
ains"— to the church which cannot be hidden, and against which
the gates of hell cannot prevail. It is under such circumstances
that the mother church, the teacher of all truth, looms grandly
into view.
But passing by the doctrinal feature and regarding it some-
what in the tangible order, the Catholic church in Indiana has
still strong claims upon the attention of our fellow-citi;^ens. Its
319 church-edifices have spires that lift high before the gaze of the
people the venerated sign of salvation, the Cross of the Redeemer.
And what is most remarkable about these edifices, these spires and
this cross, is the fact that they are never mistaken even by non-
Catholics. In recent years Protestant meeting-houses, in many
instances, have a cross on tower or spire; but there is something
that somehow tells of inharmony and the unfitness of its being
there. When Protestantism in England and on the continent
abolished the mass it abolished the cross with it, and that abolish-
ment was, until recently, in force even among our own New Eng-
land colonists. [See Chapter II.]
In the temporalities the Catholic church is a very important
(676r
IN TIIK STATE OF INDIANA.
aiul proininciil institulion in Indiana. It has a nieinbership of not
less than 225,000 souls, with two bishops, each presidinj,'^ in his
own diocese. It has 331 priests, 3i9churches, 174 .schools, thirty
academies for young ladies, one university, four orphan asylums
and fully 30,000 Catholic youths under the tutelage and guidance
of over 1,300 religious teachers in both schools and colleges.
Its educational work is not confined to the head or the heart,
but includes both, for it is impossible to make good men and
women, good fathers and mothers — good citizens — by educating
the head alone. The heart, also, must be attended to. Virtue
must be cultivated lest the intellect be a power for evil rather than
good. The swindler, the defaulting bank official and the faithless
manager of this or that large interest, are untrue to their trusts
only in so far as the supernatural virtues have not been cultivated
by them. Catholic education aims to draw out the mental powers
of the individual at the same time that it instills into the heart those
virtues which ratain and correct evil tendencies. Even non-Cath-
olics freely admit this to be one among the great labors and
achievements of the Catholic church. It has made remarkable
material progress during the past sixty-four years, and it is daily
pressing onward, one might say irresistibly, in the work of the
Master, in the active charities which appeal to men and of which
it has been the real parent in every age and clime. The higher
charity, of which St. Paul speaks, is the very essence of the teach-
ings and practice of the Catholic church.
Its members constitute the only united and consistent body
of Christians in the state, because they acknowledge one head
whom they obey, and because they have the same doctrines and
practices touching faith and worship. While they may possibly be
disunited in other respects and be separated or even opposed to one
another through diversity of interests or other considerations, yet, in
regard to the church and its teachings they are of one mind — a unit
in the faith.
The Catholic church, as a teaching body, concerns itself not
alone about the spiritual welfare of its children, and, indeed, like-
wise about that of the whole human family, but it also teaches
sound doctrine touching the permanency and justness of govern-
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A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
merits and their institutions. Hence with St. Paul it holds that all
legitimate authority and power are from God. The state is the
handiwork of God. and, therefore, the church, which is His mouth-
piece, keeps its children steadfast in their duty toward the state,
teaching them the necessity and duty of obeying all properly con-
stituted authority. In view of these facts the occupation of all
bigots and bearers of false witness against the church and their
Catholic fellow-citizens is gone— gone in every department of human
society, except where ignorance predominates. It is only the
ignorant man who will proscribe his Catholic neighbor, and it is
only the ignorant community that will discriminate against the
Catholic church.
In the state of Indiana, as, indeed, everywhere else, the status
of the Catholic church is the very highest. And how it could be
otherwise is mysterious only among the uninformed and prejudiced.
To that church, not alone locally, but generally, the citizen may
look for wnse counsel on those questions regarding which both indi-
viduals and political parties are most likely to go astray. In thus
looking to this great teacher for light and direction men are not
likely to be deceived. The church that cannot err in matters of
faith and morals is also possessed of such a degree of wisdom
respecting temporal things that confidence in her guidance and
judgment is at all times wise.
The Catholic church the world over conserves all rights of
both individuals and states and allows for all peculiarities of times.
countries and races. The throb of her pure spiritual life and light
is felt by every nation and tribe and tongue under heaven. She
knows them all; and if some do not know her fully, the fault is their
inattention. Hence that great church knows what breeds anarchy
and what anarchy feeds upon. She knows human weakness and
is well acquainted with the promptings of the human heart.
Touching the temporalities that hold and sway men, she is eter-
nally and unalterably fixed in her rulings. She rules on all ques-
tions without fear or favor, desiring only that justice be done.
The rights of property, the right to rule and the corresponding duty
on the part of the people to obey are all within the scope of her
wisdom and her teachings. The Catholic church is always in favor
(678)
IN THE STATE OF INDIANA,
of law and j^ood order, and, consequently, she is the enemy to
anarchy and all approaches to lawlessness.
Government among men being essential, and the best interests
of society demanding that governments be stable and just, of neces-
sity it is a part of the mission of the church to concern itself with
these important affairs, at least indirectly. Not alone, therefore,
on the high ground of God's law and oi morals does the Catholic
church oppose the sin of divorce in Indiana and elsewhere; she is
also against the bad practice for the sufficient temporal reason that
it disrupts the family. And since the state rests upon the family as
upon its corner-stone, the church would preserve the unity of the
family that the state might be maintained in its security and strength.
When a blow is aimed at the family — the hearthstone — it is directed
also against the state and in favor of anarchy. The wisdom of the
church in temporal things being happily united with its sound teach-
ings on the sacrament of matrimony and the sacredness of the home,
enables it to sound a warning note to the people and to point out
the dangers which beset them and the state.
Along this line of thought the men of America who have
attained to any great degree of eminence in statecraft have not
been slow to express their approval of the status and influence of
the Catholic church. It is, as it has ever been, a great conserva-
tive force — a power for good in the estimation of men who can
and do think. The community in which the church has a strong
hold and a wide field is always the better for its presence there.
Virtues of all kinds are practiced more generally and attentively,
especially those of purity and honesty.
Good order and good morals may be occasionally disturbed
and shocked locally by the antics of some few unfortunates who
have become the victims of the vice of intemperance, and who
with all their imperfections will still claim a child's relationship
with the holy mother church. In thus clinging to the church these
weak ones do well, for they have been taug'nt that the Master
came not to call the just, but sinners, to repentance. The church,
however, is not to be charged with their sins, nor should she be at
all discredited on account of their imperfections. Obeying her,
these persons might lead pure and holy lives, but disobeying her
A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY
commands they unfortunately are paving the way for their own
ultimate destruction by scandalizing others and by giving the
ignorant and the prejudiced an opportunity to almost assert that
the spouse of Christ encourages the sin of drunkenness.
The few individual Catholics in Catholic communities who
are a discredit to the church are noticeable only because the church
is pure, and Catholics are expected to be pure also. Those of
other denominations, overcome by such imperfections, are never
charged up to the discredit of their so-called churches. The
reason for this is that it were to no purpose to do so. Where
nothing is expected no anxiety is present and nothing is done.
But the church needs no defense among the intelligent because
some few of her children will wander from the path of duty. Her
mission is to deal with sinners, and those who charge this to her
discredit are of the same ilk as those who, in the sense of accusa-
tion, found fault with her Divine Founder for associating with
publicans and sinners. The work of the Catholic church is man-
ifest in every community. The labors and good example of her
teachers and religious orders are as beacon lights to the people of
all denominations. Ever active, always doing, never deviating
from the course marked out for her, the Catholic church in Indi-
ana, as well as in every country of the earth, merits the confidence,
support and respect of governments and peoples as well as of indi-
viduals.
(680)
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